1
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Adıguzel S, Karamese M, Kugu S, Kacar EA, Esen MF, Erdogan H, Tasoglu S, Bacanlı MG, Altuntas S. Doxorubicin-loaded liposome-like particles embedded in chitosan/hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels as a controlled drug release model for local treatment of glioblastoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135054. [PMID: 39187114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) resection and medication treatment are limited, and local drug therapies are required. This study aims to create a hybrid system comprising liposome-like particles (LLP-DOX) encapsulated in chitosan/hyaluronic acid/polyethyleneimine (CHI/HA/PEI) hydrogels, enabling controlled local delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) into the resection cavity for treating GBM. CHI/HA/PEI hydrogels were characterized morphologically, physically, chemically, mechanically, and thermally. Findings revealed a high network and compact micro-network structure, along with enhanced physical and thermal stability compared to CHI/HA hydrogels. Simultaneously, drug release from CHI/HA/PEI/LLP-DOX hydrogels was assessed, revealing continuous and controlled release up to the 148th hour, with no significant burst release. Cell studies showed that CHI/HA/PEI hydrogels are biocompatible with low genotoxicity. Additionally, LLP-DOX-loaded CHI/HA/PEI hydrogels significantly decreased cell viability and gene expression levels compared to LLP-DOX alone. It was also observed that the viability of GBM spheroids decreased over time when interacting with CHI/HA/PEI/LLP-DOX hydrogels, accompanied by a reduction in total surface area and an increase in apoptotic tendencies. In this study, we hypothesized that creating a hybrid drug delivery system by encapsulating DOX-loaded LLPs within a CHI/HA/PEI hydrogel matrix could achieve sustained drug release, improve anticancer efficacy via localized treatment, and effectively mitigate GBM progression for 3D microtissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyfure Adıguzel
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34662, Turkiye; Graduate Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkiye
| | - Miray Karamese
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34662, Turkiye; Graduate Programme of Tissue Engineering, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34668, Turkiye
| | - Senanur Kugu
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34662, Turkiye; Graduate Programme of Tissue Engineering, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34668, Turkiye
| | - Elif Ayse Kacar
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34662, Turkiye; Graduate Programme of Tissue Engineering, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34668, Turkiye
| | - Muhammed Fevzi Esen
- Department of Health Information Systems, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34668, Turkiye.
| | - Hakan Erdogan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara 06018, Turkiye.
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Merve Güdül Bacanlı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara 06018, Turkiye.
| | - Sevde Altuntas
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34662, Turkiye; Department of Tissue Engineering, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34668, Turkiye.
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2
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Kriuchkovskaia VA, Eames EK, Riggins RB, Harley BAC. Acquired Temozolomide Resistance Instructs Patterns of Glioblastoma Behavior in Gelatin Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400779. [PMID: 39030879 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) presents a major clinical challenge and is a key factor contributing to abysmal prognosis, with less than 15 months median overall survival. Aggressive chemotherapy with the frontline therapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ), ultimately fails to kill residual highly invasive tumor cells after surgical resection and radiotherapy. Here, a 3D engineered model of acquired TMZ resistance is reported using two isogenically matched sets of GBM cell lines encapsulated in gelatin methacrylol hydrogels. Response of TMZ-resistant versus TMZ-sensitive GBM cell lines within the gelatin-based extracellular matrix platform is benchmarked and drug response at physiologically relevant TMZ concentrations is further validated. The changes in drug sensitivity, cell invasion, and matrix-remodeling cytokine production are shown as the result of acquired TMZ resistance. This platform lays the foundation for future investigations targeting key elements of the GBM tumor microenvironment to combat GBM's devastating impact by advancing the understanding of GBM progression and treatment response to guide the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Kriuchkovskaia
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ela K Eames
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rebecca B Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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3
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Bigos KJA, Quiles CG, Lunj S, Smith DJ, Krause M, Troost EGC, West CM, Hoskin P, Choudhury A. Tumour response to hypoxia: understanding the hypoxic tumour microenvironment to improve treatment outcome in solid tumours. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331355. [PMID: 38352889 PMCID: PMC10861654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumours affecting their biology and response to therapy. One of the main transcription factors activated by hypoxia is hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which regulates the expression of genes involved in various aspects of tumourigenesis including proliferative capacity, angiogenesis, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and cell migration. This can negatively impact patient outcomes by inducing therapeutic resistance. The importance of hypoxia is clearly demonstrated by continued research into finding clinically relevant hypoxia biomarkers, and hypoxia-targeting therapies. One of the problems is the lack of clinically applicable methods of hypoxia detection, and lack of standardisation. Additionally, a lot of the methods of detecting hypoxia do not take into consideration the complexity of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME). Therefore, this needs further elucidation as approximately 50% of solid tumours are hypoxic. The ECM is important component of the hypoxic TME, and is developed by both cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumour cells. However, it is important to distinguish the different roles to develop both biomarkers and novel compounds. Fibronectin (FN), collagen (COL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are important components of the ECM that create ECM fibres. These fibres are crosslinked by specific enzymes including lysyl oxidase (LOX) which regulates the stiffness of tumours and induces fibrosis. This is partially regulated by HIFs. The review highlights the importance of understanding the role of matrix stiffness in different solid tumours as current data shows contradictory results on the impact on therapeutic resistance. The review also indicates that further research is needed into identifying different CAF subtypes and their exact roles; with some showing pro-tumorigenic capacity and others having anti-tumorigenic roles. This has made it difficult to fully elucidate the role of CAFs within the TME. However, it is clear that this is an important area of research that requires unravelling as current strategies to target CAFs have resulted in worsened prognosis. The role of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment is also discussed as hypoxia has been associated with modulating immune cells to create an anti-tumorigenic environment. Which has led to the development of immunotherapies including PD-L1. These hypoxia-induced changes can confer resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of hypoxia on the TME and its implications for therapy resistance. It also discusses the potential of hypoxia biomarkers as prognostic and predictive indictors of treatment response, as well as the challenges and opportunities of targeting hypoxia in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla JA. Bigos
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conrado G. Quiles
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sapna Lunj
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle J. Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther GC. Troost
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Rossendorf, Germany
| | - Catharine M. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Germany
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4
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Jayaram MA, Phillips JJ. Role of the Microenvironment in Glioma Pathogenesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:181-201. [PMID: 37832944 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system tumors that affect both children and adults. Recent studies have revealed a dynamic cross talk that occurs between glioma cells and components of their microenvironment, including neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix. This cross talk regulates fundamental aspects of glioma development and growth. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries about the impact of these interactions on gliomas and highlight how tumor cells actively remodel their microenvironment to promote disease. These studies provide a better understanding of the interactions in the microenvironment that are important in gliomas, offer insight into the cross talk that occurs, and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be utilized to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Anjali Jayaram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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5
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Arnhold J. Inflammation-Associated Cytotoxic Agents in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:81. [PMID: 38201509 PMCID: PMC10778456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory processes are related to all stages of tumorigenesis. As inflammation is closely associated with the activation and release of different cytotoxic agents, the interplay between cytotoxic agents and antagonizing principles is highlighted in this review to address the question of how tumor cells overcome the enhanced values of cytotoxic agents in tumors. In tumor cells, the enhanced formation of mitochondrial-derived reactive species and elevated values of iron ions and free heme are antagonized by an overexpression of enzymes and proteins, contributing to the antioxidative defense and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Through these mechanisms, tumor cells can even survive additional stress caused by radio- and chemotherapy. Through the secretion of active agents from tumor cells, immune cells are suppressed in the tumor microenvironment and an enhanced formation of extracellular matrix components is induced. Different oxidant- and protease-based cytotoxic agents are involved in tumor-mediated immunosuppression, tumor growth, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. Considering the special metabolic conditions in tumors, the main focus here was directed on the disturbed balance between the cytotoxic agents and protective mechanisms in late-stage tumors. This knowledge is mandatory for the implementation of novel anti-cancerous therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Kriuchkovskaia V, Eames EK, Riggins RB, Harley BAC. Acquired temozolomide resistance instructs patterns of glioblastoma behavior in gelatin hydrogels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567115. [PMID: 38014332 PMCID: PMC10680767 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) presents a major clinical challenge and is a key factor contributing to abysmal prognosis, with less than 15 months median overall survival. Aggressive chemotherapy with the frontline therapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ), ultimately fails to kill residual highly invasive tumor cells after surgical resection and radiotherapy. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) engineered model of acquired TMZ resistance using two isogenically-matched sets of GBM cell lines encapsulated in gelatin methacrylol hydrogels. We benchmark response of TMZ-resistant vs. TMZ-sensitive GBM cell lines within the gelatin-based extracellular matrix platform and further validate drug response at physiologically relevant TMZ concentrations. We show changes in drug sensitivity, cell invasion, and matrix-remodeling cytokine production as the result of acquired TMZ resistance. This platform lays the foundation for future investigations targeting key elements of the GBM tumor microenvironment to combat GBM's devastating impact by advancing our understanding of GBM progression and treatment response to guide the development of novel treatment strategies. Teaser A hydrogel model to investigate the impact of acquired drug resistance on functional response in glioblastoma.
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7
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Lumibao JC, Haak PL, Kolossov VL, Chen JWE, Stutchman J, Ruiz A, Sivaguru M, Sarkaria JN, Harley BA, Steelman AJ, Gaskins HR. CHCHD2 mediates glioblastoma cell proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, hypoxia‑induced invasion and therapeutic resistance. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:117. [PMID: 37654190 PMCID: PMC10546377 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor affecting adults and remains incurable. The mitochondrial coiled‑coil‑helix‑coiled‑coil‑helix domain‑containing protein 2 (CHCHD2) has been demonstrated to mediate mitochondrial respiration, nuclear gene expression and cell migration; however, evidence of this in GBM is lacking. In the present study, it was hypothesized that CHCHD2 may play a functional role in U87 GBM cells expressing the constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII). The amplification of the CHCHD2 gene was found to be associated with a decreased patient overall and progression‑free survival. The CHCHD2 mRNA levels were increased in high‑vs. low‑grade glioma, IDH‑wt GBMs, and in tumor vs. non‑tumor tissue. Additionally, CHCHD2 protein expression was greatest in invasive, EGFRvIII‑expressing patient‑derived samples. The CRISPR‑Cas9‑mediated knockout of CHCHD2 in EGFRvIII‑expressing U87 cells resulted in an altered mitochondrial respiration and glutathione status, in decreased cell growth and invasion under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and in an enhanced sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. CHCHD2 was distributed in both the mitochondria and nuclei of U87 and U87vIII cells, and the U87vIII cells exhibited a greater nuclear expression of CHCHD2 compared to isogenic U87 cells. Incubation under hypoxic conditions, serum starvation and the reductive unfolding of CHCHD2 induced the nuclear accumulation of CHCHD2 in both cell lines. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicate that CHCHD2 mediates a variety of GBM characteristics, and highlights mitonuclear retrograde signaling as a pathway of interest in GBM cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Lumibao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and
| | - Payton L. Haak
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Jee-Wei Emily Chen
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | | | | | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrew J. Steelman
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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8
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Inoue A, Ohnishi T, Nishikawa M, Ohtsuka Y, Kusakabe K, Yano H, Tanaka J, Kunieda T. A Narrative Review on CD44's Role in Glioblastoma Invasion, Proliferation, and Tumor Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4898. [PMID: 37835592 PMCID: PMC10572085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High invasiveness is a characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM), making radical resection almost impossible, and thus, resulting in a tumor with inevitable recurrence. GBM recurrence may be caused by glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) that survive many kinds of therapy. GSCs with high expression levels of CD44 are highly invasive and resistant to radio-chemotherapy. CD44 is a multifunctional molecule that promotes the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells via various signaling pathways. Among these, paired pathways reciprocally activate invasion and proliferation under different hypoxic conditions. Severe hypoxia (0.5-2.5% O2) upregulates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which then activates target genes, including CD44, TGF-β, and cMET, all of which are related to tumor migration and invasion. In contrast, moderate hypoxia (2.5-5% O2) upregulates HIF-2α, which activates target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR2, cMYC, and cyclin D1. All these genes are related to tumor proliferation. Oxygen environments around GBM can change before and after tumor resection. Before resection, the oxygen concentration at the tumor periphery is severely hypoxic. In the reparative stage after resection, the resection cavity shows moderate hypoxia. These observations suggest that upregulated CD44 under severe hypoxia may promote the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Conversely, when tumor resection leads to moderate hypoxia, upregulated HIF-2α activates HIF-2α target genes. The phenotypic transition regulated by CD44, leading to a dichotomy between invasion and proliferation according to hypoxic conditions, may play a crucial role in GBM recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Takanori Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Advanced Brain Disease Center, Washoukai Sadamoto Hospital, 1-6-1 Takehara, Matsuyama 790-0052, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ohtsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Kosuke Kusakabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicene, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (H.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicene, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (H.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
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9
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Hatlen RR, Rajagopalan P. Investigating Trans-differentiation of Glioblastoma Cells in an In Vitro 3D Model of the Perivascular Niche. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37129167 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain cancer, responsible for over 50% of adult brain tumors. A specific region within the GBM environment is known as the perivascular niche (PVN). This area is defined as within approximately 100 μm of vasculature and plays an important role in the interactions between endothelial cells (ECs), astrocytes, GBM cells, and stem cells. We have designed a 3D in vitro model of the PVN comprising either collagen Type 1 or HyStem-C, human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), and LN229 (GBM) cells. HUVECs were encapsulated within the hydrogels to form vascular networks. After 7 days, LN229 cells were co-cultured to investigate changes in both cell types. Over a 14 day culture period, we measured alterations in HUVEC networks, the contraction of the hydrogels, trans-differentiation of LN229 cells, and the concentrations of two chemokines; CXCL12 and TGF-β. Increased cellular proliferation ranging from 10- to 16-fold was exhibited in co-cultures from days 8 to 14. This was accompanied with a decrease in the height of hydrogels of up to 68%. These changes in the biomaterial scaffold indicate that LN229-HUVEC interactions promote changes to the matrix. TGF-β and CXCL12 secretion increased approximately 2-2.6-fold each from day 8 to 14 in all co-cultures. The expression of CXCL12 correlated with cell colocalization, indicating a chemotactic role in enabling the migration of LN229 cells toward HUVECs in co-cultures. von Willebrand factor (vWF) was co-expressed with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in up to 15% of LN229 cells after 24 h in co-culture. Additionally, when LN229 cells were co-cultured with human brain microvascular ECs, the percentages of GFAP+/vWF+ cells were up to 20% higher than that in co-cultures with HUVECs in collagen (2.2 mg/mL) and HyStem-C gels on day 14. The expression of vWF indicates the early stages of trans-differentiation of LN229 cells to an EC phenotype. Designing in vitro models of trans-differentiation may provide additional insights into how vasculature and cellular phenotypes are altered in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn R Hatlen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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10
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Marino S, Menna G, Di Bonaventura R, Lisi L, Mattogno P, Figà F, Bilgin L, D’Alessandris QG, Olivi A, Della Pepa GM. The Extracellular Matrix in Glioblastomas: A Glance at Its Structural Modifications in Shaping the Tumoral Microenvironment-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1879. [PMID: 36980765 PMCID: PMC10046791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM While many components of the ECM have been isolated and characterized, its modifications in the specific setting of GBMs have only been recently explored in the literature. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review on the topic and to assess the ECM's role in shaping tumoral development. METHODS An online literature search was launched on PubMed/Medline and Scopus using the research string "((Extracellular matrix OR ECM OR matrix receptor OR matrix proteome) AND (glioblastoma OR GBM) AND (tumor invasion OR tumor infiltration))", and a systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-P guidelines. RESULTS The search of the literature yielded a total of 693 results. The duplicate records were then removed (n = 13), and the records were excluded via a title and abstract screening; 137 studies were found to be relevant to our research question and were assessed for eligibility. Upon a full-text review, 59 articles were finally included and were summarized as follows based on their focus: (1) proteoglycans; (2) fibrillary proteins, which were further subdivided into the three subcategories of collagen, fibronectin, and laminins; (3) glycoproteins; (4) degradative enzymes; (5) physical forces; (6) and glioma cell and microglia migratory and infiltrative patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review demonstrates that the ECM should not be regarded anymore as a passive scaffold statically contributing to mechanical support in normal and pathological brain tissue but as an active player in tumor-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Marino
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Grazia Menna
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Rina Di Bonaventura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IRCSS-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Mattogno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Figà
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Lal Bilgin
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (A.O.)
| | | | - Alessandro Olivi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (A.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Maria Della Pepa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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El Atat O, Naser R, Abdelkhalek M, Habib RA, El Sibai M. Molecular targeted therapy: A new avenue in glioblastoma treatment. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:46. [PMID: 36644133 PMCID: PMC9811647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is grade IV astrocytoma characterized by being fast-growing and the most aggressive brain tumor. In adults, it is the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumor. Despite the advancements in both diagnosis tools and therapeutic treatments, GBM is still associated with poor survival rate without any statistically significant improvement in the past three decades. Patient's genome signature is one of the key factors causing the development of this tumor, in addition to previous radiation exposure and other environmental factors. Researchers have identified genomic and subsequent molecular alterations affecting core pathways that trigger the malignant phenotype of this tumor. Targeting intrinsically altered molecules and pathways is seen as a novel avenue in GBM treatment. The present review shed light on signaling pathways and intrinsically altered molecules implicated in GBM development. It discussed the main challenges impeding successful GBM treatment, such as the blood brain barrier and tumor microenvironment (TME), the plasticity and heterogeneity of both GBM and TME and the glioblastoma stem cells. The present review also presented current advancements in GBM molecular targeted therapy in clinical trials. Profound and comprehensive understanding of molecular participants opens doors for innovative, more targeted and personalized GBM therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Naser
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Maya Abdelkhalek
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Professor Mirvat El Sibai, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Koraytem Street, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon, E-mail:
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12
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Grieco M, Ursini O, Palamà IE, Gigli G, Moroni L, Cortese B. HYDRHA: Hydrogels of hyaluronic acid. New biomedical approaches in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100453. [PMID: 36254248 PMCID: PMC9568881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, hyaluronic acid (HA) has attracted an ever-growing interest in the biomedical engineering field as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and chemically versatile molecule. In fact, HA is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and crosstalk. Innovative experimental strategies in vitro and in vivo using three-dimensional (3D) HA systems have been increasingly reported in studies of diseases, replacement of tissue and organ damage, repairing wounds, and encapsulating stem cells for tissue regeneration. The present work aims to give an overview and comparison of recent work carried out on HA systems showing advantages, limitations, and their complementarity, for a comprehensive characterization of their use. A special attention is paid to the use of HA in three important areas: cancer, diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), and tissue regeneration, discussing the most innovative experimental strategies. Finally, perspectives within and beyond these research fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Grieco
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ornella Ursini
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Elena Palamà
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Cortese
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), 00185, Rome, Italy
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13
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Ngo MT, Sarkaria JN, Harley BA. Perivascular Stromal Cells Instruct Glioblastoma Invasion, Proliferation, and Therapeutic Response within an Engineered Brain Perivascular Niche Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201888. [PMID: 36109186 PMCID: PMC9631060 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) tumor cells are found in the perivascular niche microenvironment and are believed to associate closely with the brain microvasculature. However, it is largely unknown how the resident cells of the perivascular niche, such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, influence GBM tumor cell behavior and disease progression. A 3D in vitro model of the brain perivascular niche developed by encapsulating brain-derived endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes in a gelatin hydrogel is described. It is shown that brain perivascular stromal cells, namely pericytes and astrocytes, contribute to vascular architecture and maturation. Cocultures of patient-derived GBM tumor cells with brain microvascular cells are used to identify a role for pericytes and astrocytes in establishing a perivascular niche environment that modulates GBM cell invasion, proliferation, and therapeutic response. Engineered models provide unique insight regarding the spatial patterning of GBM cell phenotypes in response to a multicellular model of the perivascular niche. Critically, it is shown that engineered perivascular models provide an important resource to evaluate mechanisms by which intercellular interactions modulate GBM tumor cell behavior, drug response, and provide a framework to consider patient-specific disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T. Ngo
- Department Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | | | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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14
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Adjei‐Sowah EA, O'Connor SA, Veldhuizen J, Lo Cascio C, Plaisier C, Mehta S, Nikkhah M. Investigating the Interactions of Glioma Stem Cells in the Perivascular Niche at Single-Cell Resolution using a Microfluidic Tumor Microenvironment Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201436. [PMID: 35619544 PMCID: PMC9313491 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The perivascular niche (PVN) is a glioblastoma tumor microenvironment (TME) that serves as a safe haven for glioma stem cells (GSCs), and acts as a reservoir that inevitably leads to tumor recurrence. Understanding cellular interactions in the PVN that drive GSC treatment resistance and stemness is crucial to develop lasting therapies for glioblastoma. The limitations of in vivo models and in vitro assays have led to critical knowledge gaps regarding the influence of various cell types in the PVN on GSCs behavior. This study developed an organotypic triculture microfluidic model as a means to recapitulate the PVN and study its impact on GSCs. This triculture platform, comprised of endothelial cells (ECs), astrocytes, and GSCs, is used to investigate GSC invasion, proliferation and stemness. Both ECs and astrocytes significantly increased invasiveness of GSCs. This study futher identified 15 ligand-receptor pairs using single-cell RNAseq with putative chemotactic mechanisms of GSCs, where the receptor is up-regulated in GSCs and the diffusible ligand is expressed in either astrocytes or ECs. Notably, the ligand-receptor pair SAA1-FPR1 is demonstrated to be involved in chemotactic invasion of GSCs toward PVN. The novel triculture platform presented herein can be used for therapeutic development and discovery of molecular mechanisms driving GSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha A. O'Connor
- School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287‐9709USA
| | - Jaimeson Veldhuizen
- School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287‐9709USA
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological InstituteSt. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center350 W Thomas RdPhoenixAZ85013USA
| | - Christopher Plaisier
- School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287‐9709USA
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological InstituteSt. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center350 W Thomas RdPhoenixAZ85013USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287‐9709USA
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized DiagnosticsArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287‐9709USA
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15
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Chen JWE, Leary S, Barnhouse V, Sarkaria JN, Harley BA. Matrix Hyaluronic Acid and Hypoxia Influence a CD133 + Subset of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:330-340. [PMID: 34435883 PMCID: PMC9057908 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) displays diffusive invasion throughout the brain microenvironment, which is partially responsible for its short median survival rate (<15 months). Stem-like subpopulations (GBM stem-like cells, GSCs) are believed to play a central role in therapeutic resistance and poor patient prognosis. Given the extensive tissue remodeling and processes such as vessel co-option and regression that occur in the tumor microenvironment, it is essential to understand the role of metabolic constraint such as hypoxia on GBM cell populations. This work describes the use of a multidimensional gelatin hydrogel to culture patient-derived GBM cells, to evaluate the influence of hypoxia and the inclusion brain-mimetic hyaluronic acid on the relative activity of GSCs versus overall GBM cells. Notably, CD133+ GBM cell fraction is crucial for robust formation of tumor spheroids in multidimensional cultures. In addition, while the relative size of the CD133+ GBM subpopulation increased in response to both hypoxia and matrix-bound hyaluronan, we did not observe cell subtype-specific changes in invasion signaling pathway activation. Taken together, this study highlights the potential of biomimetic culture systems for resolving changes in the population dynamics and behavior of subsets of GBM specimens for the future development of precision medicine applications. Impact Statement This study describes a gelatin hydrogel platform to investigate the role of extracellular hyaluronic acid and hypoxia on the behavior of a CD133+ subset of cells within patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) specimens. We report that the relative expansion of the CD133+ GBM stem cell-like population is strongly responsive to extracellular cues, highlighting the significance of biomimetic hydrogel models of the tumor microenvironment to investigate invasion and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Wei Emily Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Leary
- Department of Chemistry, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Victoria Barnhouse
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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16
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Zambuto SG, Rattila S, Dveksler G, Harley BAC. Effects of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoproteins on Trophoblast Motility in Three-Dimensional Gelatin Hydrogels. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:175-191. [PMID: 35401843 PMCID: PMC8938592 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trophoblast invasion is a complex biological process necessary for establishment of pregnancy; however, much remains unknown regarding what signaling factors coordinate the extent of invasion. Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are some of the most abundant circulating trophoblastic proteins in maternal blood during human pregnancy, with maternal serum concentrations rising to as high as 200-400 μg/mL at term. Methods Here, we employ three-dimensional (3D) trophoblast motility assays consisting of trophoblast spheroids encapsulated in 3D gelatin hydrogels to quantify trophoblast outgrowth area, viability, and cytotoxicity in the presence of PSG1 and PSG9 as well as epidermal growth factor and Nodal. Results We show PSG9 reduces trophoblast motility whereas PSG1 increases motility. Further, we assess bulk nascent protein production by encapsulated spheroids to highlight the potential of this approach to assess trophoblast response (motility, remodeling) to soluble factors and extracellular matrix cues. Conclusions Such models provide an important platform to develop a deeper understanding of early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Zambuto
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Shemona Rattila
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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17
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Rado M, Flepisi B, Fisher D. The Effect of Normoxic and Hypoxic U-87 Glioblastoma Paracrine Secretion on the Modulation of Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:276. [PMID: 35053392 PMCID: PMC8773645 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain tumour, characterized by its ability to secrete factors promoting its virulence. Brain endothelial cells (BECs) in the GBM environment are physiologically modulated. The present study investigated the modulatory effects of normoxically and hypoxically induced glioblastoma U-87 cell secretions on BECs. METHODS Conditioned media (CM) were derived by cultivating U-87 cells under hypoxic incubation (5% O2) and normoxic incubation (21% O2). Treated bEnd.3 cells were evaluated for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP production, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and endothelial tight-junction (ETJ) gene expression over 96 h. RESULTS The coculture of bEnd.3 cells with U-87 cells, or exposure to either hypoxic or normoxic U-87CM, was associated with low cellular viability. The ΔΨm in bEnd.3 cells was hyperpolarized after hypoxic U-87CM treatment (p < 0.0001). However, normoxic U-87CM did not affect the state of ΔΨm. BEC ATP levels were reduced after being cocultured with U-87 cells, or with hypoxic and normoxic CM (p < 0.05). Suppressed mitochondrial activity in bEnd.3 cells was associated with increased transendothelial permeability, while bEnd.3 cells significantly increased the gene expression levels of ETJs (p < 0.05) when treated with U-87CM. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic and normoxic glioblastoma paracrine factors differentially suppressed mitochondrial activity in BECs, increasing the BECs' barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rado
- Medical Bioscience Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Brian Flepisi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, 9 Bophelo Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - David Fisher
- Medical Bioscience Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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18
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He Z, Zhang S. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Their Functional Transformation in the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741305. [PMID: 34603327 PMCID: PMC8481680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are some of the most abundant immune cells within tumors and perform a broad repertoire of functions via diverse phenotypes. On the basis of their functional differences in tumor growth, TAMs are usually categorized into two subsets of M1 and M2. It is well established that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by hypoxia along with tumor progression. TAMs adopt an M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype at the early phases of oncogenesis and mediate immune response that inhibits tumor growth. As tumors progress, anabatic hypoxia of the TME gradually induces the M2-like functional transformation of TAMs by means of direct effects, metabolic influence, lactic acidosis, angiogenesis, remodeled stroma, and then urges them to participate in immunosuppression, angiogenesis and other tumor-supporting procedure. Therefore, thorough comprehension of internal mechanism of this TAM functional transformation in the hypoxic TME is of the essence, and might provide some novel insights in hypoxic tumor immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong He
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Hatlen RR, Rajagopalan P. Environmental interplay: Stromal cells and biomaterial composition influence in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:421-436. [PMID: 33276155 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of brain cancer. Recurrence is common, and established therapies have not been able to significantly extend overall patient survival. One platform through which GBM research can progress is to design biomimetic systems for discovery and investigation into the mechanisms of invasion, cellular properties, as well as the efficacy of therapies. In this review, 2D and 3D GBM in vitro cultures will be discussed. We focus on the effects of biomaterial properties, interactions between stromal cells, and vascular influence on cancer cell survival and progression. This review will summarize critical findings in each of these areas and how they have led to a more comprehensive scientific understanding of GBM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of brain cancer. Recurrence is common, and established therapies have not been able to significantly extend overall patient survival. One platform through which GBM research can progress is to design biomimetic systems for discovery and investigation into the mechanisms of invasion, cellular properties, as well as the efficacy of therapies. In this review, 2D and 3D GBM in vitro cultures will be discussed. We focus on the effects of biomaterial properties, interactions between stromal cells and vascular influence on cancer cell survival and progression. This review will summarize critical findings in each of these areas and how they have lead to a more comprehensive scientific understanding of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn R Hatlen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
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20
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Ngo MT, Karvelis E, Harley BAC. Multidimensional hydrogel models reveal endothelial network angiocrine signals increase glioblastoma cell number, invasion, and temozolomide resistance. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:139-149. [PMID: 32507878 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. The tissue microenvironment adjacent to vasculature, termed the perivascular niche, has been implicated in promoting biological processes involved in glioblastoma progression such as invasion, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. However, the exact nature of the cues that support tumor cell aggression in this niche is largely unknown. Soluble angiocrine factors secreted by tumor-associated vasculature have been shown to support such behaviors in other cancer types. Here, we exploit macroscopic and microfluidic gelatin hydrogel platforms to profile angiocrine factors secreted by self-assembled endothelial networks and evaluate their relevance to glioblastoma biology. Aggregate angiocrine factors support increases in U87-MG cell number, migration, and therapeutic resistance to temozolomide. We also identify a novel role for TIMP1 in facilitating glioblastoma tumor cell migration. Overall, this work highlights the use of multidimensional hydrogel models to evaluate the role of angiocrine signals in glioblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Ngo
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elijah Karvelis
- Dept. Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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21
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Goodarzi K, Rao SS. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels to study cancer cell behaviors. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6103-6115. [PMID: 34259709 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00963j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide and a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in many tissues. Therefore, HA-based biomaterials are extensively utilized to create three dimensional ECM mimics to study cell behaviors in vitro. Specifically, derivatives of HA have been commonly used to fabricate hydrogels with controllable properties. In this review, we discuss the various chemistries employed to fabricate HA-based hydrogels as a tunable matrix to mimic the cancer microenvironment and subsequently study cancer cell behaviors in vitro. These include Michael-addition reactions, photo-crosslinking, carbodiimide chemistry, and Diels-Alder chemistry. The utility of these HA-based hydrogels to examine cancer cell behaviors such as proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro in various types of cancer are highlighted. Overall, such hydrogels provide a biomimetic material-based platform to probe cell-matrix interactions in cancer cells in vitro and study the mechanisms associated with cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Goodarzi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA.
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22
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Ngo MT, Harley BAC. Progress in mimicking brain microenvironments to understand and treat neurological disorders. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:020902. [PMID: 33869984 PMCID: PMC8034983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury, stroke, primary and metastatic brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Disease progression is accompanied by changes in the brain microenvironment, but how these shifts in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular properties contribute to repair outcomes or continued degeneration is largely unknown. Tissue engineering approaches can be used to develop in vitro models to understand how the brain microenvironment contributes to pathophysiological processes linked to neurological disorders and may also offer constructs that promote healing and regeneration in vivo. In this Perspective, we summarize features of the brain microenvironment in normal and pathophysiological states and highlight strategies to mimic this environment to model disease, investigate neural stem cell biology, and promote regenerative healing. We discuss current limitations and resulting opportunities to develop tissue engineering tools that more faithfully recapitulate the aspects of the brain microenvironment for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T. Ngo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (217) 244-7112. Fax: (217) 333-5052
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Zhu X, Liu S, Yang X, Wang W, Shao W, Ji T. P4HA1 as an unfavorable prognostic marker promotes cell migration and invasion of glioblastoma via inducing EMT process under hypoxia microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:590-617. [PMID: 33575089 PMCID: PMC7868758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the mechanism of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in hypoxia through metabolomic and proteomic analysis. We showed that the migration and invasiveness of LN18 cells was significantly enhanced after 24 h of hypoxia treatment. The metabolomic and proteomic profiling were conducted in LN18 cells cultured under hypoxia condition. Correlation analysis between significant differential metabolites and proteins revealed seven proteins and ten metabolites, of which metabolite L-Arg was negatively correlated with P4HA1 protein. Meanwhile, the expression of HIF1α, nNOS and P4HA1 was up-regulated, and the concentration of L-Arg and NO was decreased and increased respectively. Knockdown of HIF1α reduced the expression of nNOS and P4HA1, the concentration of NO and the invasiveness of cells, while increased the concentration of L-Arg. Similar changes on P4HA1 expression, the concentration of L-Arg and NO were observed when the expression of nNOS was disrupted. Lastly, knockdown of P4HA1 impaired the invasion of LN18 and T98G cells, probably through regulating the expression of Vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, Snail and E-cadherin. Consistent trends on both the overexpression of these relevant genes, as well as the concentration of L-Arg and NO were also observed in all our overexpression experiments. Besides, we investigated the relationship between P4HA1 expression and prognosis by MTA, CGGA and TCGA databases. Increased P4HA1 level was correlated poor prognosis with advanced histological grade. In summary, we found that hypoxia promotes the migration and invasion of GBM via the L-Arg/P4HA1 axis which maybe an effective molecular marker or predictor of clinical outcome in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosan Zhu
- Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Xueou Yang
- Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
| | - Tianhai Ji
- Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361003, China
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
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Blanco‐Fernandez B, Gaspar VM, Engel E, Mano JF. Proteinaceous Hydrogels for Bioengineering Advanced 3D Tumor Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003129. [PMID: 33643799 PMCID: PMC7887602 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of tumor microenvironment using biomimetic in vitro models that recapitulate key tumor hallmarks including the tumor supporting extracellular matrix (ECM) is in high demand for accelerating the discovery and preclinical validation of more effective anticancer therapeutics. To date, ECM-mimetic hydrogels have been widely explored for 3D in vitro disease modeling owing to their bioactive properties that can be further adapted to the biochemical and biophysical properties of native tumors. Gathering on this momentum, herein the current landscape of intrinsically bioactive protein and peptide hydrogels that have been employed for 3D tumor modeling are discussed. Initially, the importance of recreating such microenvironment and the main considerations for generating ECM-mimetic 3D hydrogel in vitro tumor models are showcased. A comprehensive discussion focusing protein, peptide, or hybrid ECM-mimetic platforms employed for modeling cancer cells/stroma cross-talk and for the preclinical evaluation of candidate anticancer therapies is also provided. Further development of tumor-tunable, proteinaceous or peptide 3D microtesting platforms with microenvironment-specific biophysical and biomolecular cues will contribute to better mimic the in vivo scenario, and improve the predictability of preclinical screening of generalized or personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Blanco‐Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of AveiroCampus Universitário de SantiagoAveiro3810‐193Portugal
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBaldiri Reixac 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Vítor M. Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of AveiroCampus Universitário de SantiagoAveiro3810‐193Portugal
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBaldiri Reixac 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
- Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringPolytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)Eduard Maristany 16Barcelona08019Spain
- CIBER en BioingenieríaBiomateriales y NanomedicinaCIBER‐BBNMadrid28029Spain
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of AveiroCampus Universitário de SantiagoAveiro3810‐193Portugal
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Boyd NH, Tran AN, Bernstock JD, Etminan T, Jones AB, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11:665-683. [PMID: 33391498 PMCID: PMC7738846 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support unrestricted growth and proliferation and result in further modifications in cell behavior, which are critical for tumor progression. Angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance are known to be modulated by hypoxia and other tumor microenvironments, such as acidic stress, both of which are core features of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Hypoxia has also been shown to promote a stem-like state in both non-neoplastic and tumor cells. In glial tumors, glioma stem cells (GSCs) are central in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance, and further investigation of the interplay between tumor microenvironments and GSCs is critical to the search for better treatment options for glioblastoma. Accordingly, we summarize the impact of hypoxia and acidic stress on GSC signaling and biologic phenotypes, and potential methods to inhibit these pathways.
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Pibuel MA, Poodts D, Díaz M, Hajos SE, Lompardía SL. The scrambled story between hyaluronan and glioblastoma. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100549. [PMID: 33744285 PMCID: PMC8050860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer biology are revealing the importance of the cancer cell microenvironment on tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Hyaluronan (HA), the main glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix, has been associated with the progression of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and lethal primary tumor in the central nervous system, for several decades. However, the mechanisms by which HA impacts GBM properties and processes have been difficult to elucidate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge on HA's effects on GBM biology, introducing its primary receptors CD44 and RHAMM and the plethora of relevant downstream signaling pathways that can scramble efforts to directly link HA activity to biological outcomes. We consider the complexities of studying an extracellular polymer and the different strategies used to try to capture its function, including 2D and 3D in vitro studies, patient samples, and in vivo models. Given that HA affects not only migration and invasion, but also cell proliferation, adherence, and chemoresistance, we highlight the potential role of HA as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the different existing approaches to diminish its protumor effects, such as the use of 4-methylumbelliferone, HA oligomers, and hyaluronidases and encourage further research along these lines in order to improve the survival and quality of life of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Arturo Pibuel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Poodts
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Díaz
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvia Elvira Hajos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvina Laura Lompardía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
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27
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Barkovskaya A, Buffone A, Žídek M, Weaver VM. Proteoglycans as Mediators of Cancer Tissue Mechanics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569377. [PMID: 33330449 PMCID: PMC7734320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.569377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a diverse group of molecules which are characterized by a central protein backbone that is decorated with a variety of linear sulfated glycosaminoglycan side chains. Proteoglycans contribute significantly to the biochemical and mechanical properties of the interstitial extracellular matrix where they modulate cellular behavior by engaging transmembrane receptors. Proteoglycans also comprise a major component of the cellular glycocalyx to influence transmembrane receptor structure/function and mechanosignaling. Through their ability to initiate biochemical and mechanosignaling in cells, proteoglycans elicit profound effects on proliferation, adhesion and migration. Pathologies including cancer and cardiovascular disease are characterized by perturbed expression of proteoglycans where they compromise cell and tissue behavior by stiffening the extracellular matrix and increasing the bulkiness of the glycocalyx. Increasing evidence indicates that a bulky glycocalyx and proteoglycan-enriched extracellular matrix promote malignant transformation, increase cancer aggression and alter anti-tumor therapy response. In this review, we focus on the contribution of proteoglycans to mechanobiology in the context of normal and transformed tissues. We discuss the significance of proteoglycans for therapy response, and the current experimental strategies that target proteoglycans to sensitize cancer cells to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barkovskaya
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Buffone
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Martin Žídek
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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28
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Chen JWE, Lumibao J, Leary S, Sarkaria JN, Steelman AJ, Gaskins HR, Harley BAC. Crosstalk between microglia and patient-derived glioblastoma cells inhibit invasion in a three-dimensional gelatin hydrogel model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:346. [PMID: 33208156 PMCID: PMC7677841 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly form of primary brain cancer, accounting for more than 13,000 new diagnoses annually in the USA alone. Microglia are the innate immune cells within the central nervous system, acting as a front-line defense against injuries and inflammation via a process that involves transformation from a quiescent to an activated phenotype. Crosstalk between GBM cells and microglia represents an important axis to consider in the development of tissue engineering platforms to examine pathophysiological processes underlying GBM progression and therapy. METHODS This work used a brain-mimetic hydrogel system to study patient-derived glioblastoma specimens and their interactions with microglia. Here, glioblastoma cells were either cultured alone in 3D hydrogels or in co-culture with microglia in a manner that allowed secretome-based signaling but prevented direct GBM-microglia contact. Patterns of GBM cell invasion were quantified using a three-dimensional spheroid assay. Secretome and transcriptome (via RNAseq) were used to profile the consequences of GBM-microglia interactions. RESULTS Microglia displayed an activated phenotype as a result of GBM crosstalk. Three-dimensional migration patterns of patient-derived glioblastoma cells showed invasion was significantly decreased in response to microglia paracrine signaling. Potential molecular mechanisms underlying with this phenotype were identified from bioinformatic analysis of secretome and RNAseq data. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate a tissue engineered hydrogel platform can be used to investigate crosstalk between immune cells of the tumor microenvironment related to GBM progression. Such multi-dimensional models may provide valuable insight to inform therapeutic innovations to improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Wei Emily Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jan Lumibao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Current Address: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Leary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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29
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Dundar B, Markwell SM, Sharma NV, Olson CL, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ. Methods for in vitro modeling of glioma invasion: Choosing tools to meet the need. Glia 2020; 68:2173-2191. [PMID: 32134155 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Widespread tumor cell invasion is a fundamental property of diffuse gliomas and is ultimately responsible for their poor prognosis. A greater understanding of basic mechanisms underlying glioma invasion is needed to provide insights into therapies that could potentially counteract them. While none of the currently available in vitro models can fully recapitulate the complex interactions of glioma cells within the brain tumor microenvironment, if chosen and developed appropriately, these models can provide controlled experimental settings to study molecular and cellular phenomena that are challenging or impossible to model in vivo. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate in vitro model, together with its inherent advantages and limitations, for specific hypotheses and experimental questions achieves primary significance. In this review, we describe and discuss commonly used methods for modeling and studying glioma invasion in vitro, including platforms, matrices, cell culture, and visualization techniques, so that choices for experimental approach are informed and optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Dundar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitya V Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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30
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Cui Y, Zhang C, Chen H, Gu J, Qian J, Luo C. Increased RLIP76 expression in IDH1 wild‑type glioblastoma multiforme is associated with worse prognosis. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:188-200. [PMID: 31746408 PMCID: PMC6908935 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene is regarded a novel indicator for the prognosis of patients with glioma. However, the role of the IDH1 gene mutations in carcinogenesis and the mechanisms underlying their function in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether the association of RLIP76 with the different IDH1 mutational status could serve as a putative biomarker for improving disease prognosis. Quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining assays were used to investigate the expression levels of RLIP76 in 124 patients with GBM with different IDH1 mutational status. In addition, the association between RLIP76 expression, IDH1 mutational status and clinicopathological characteristics was investigated. The effects of RLIP76 expression and IDH1 mutational status on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell signaling were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and western blot assays, respectively. The data demonstrated that IDH1 wild-type (IDH1Wt) patients with low RLIP76 expression exhibited improved overall and progression-free survival. This effect was not observed in patients with IDH1 mutant (IDH1Mut) GBM. In vitro assays demonstrated that knockdown of IDH1 or overexpression of the IDH1 R132H mutation suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in U87 glioma cells. Mechanistic studies further indicated that although the IDH1 R132H mutant phenotype exhibited similar antitumor effects on GBM cells as those observed with the IDH1 knockdown, it acted via a different mechanism with regard to the regulation of the apoptosis signaling pathway. IDH1 R132H mutant cells promoted p53-induced apoptosis, while the IDH1 knockdown inhibited the RLIP76-dependent apoptotic pathway in glioma cells. The findings of the present study provided insight to the contribution of IDH1 mutation in the development of GBM and indicated that RLIP76 may be considered as a prognostic biomarker of IDH1Wt GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 411 Hospital of People's Liberty Army, Shanghai 200081, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Huairui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Operating Room, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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31
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Velásquez C, Mansouri S, Gutiérrez O, Mamatjan Y, Mollinedo P, Karimi S, Singh O, Terán N, Martino J, Zadeh G, Fernández-Luna JL. Hypoxia Can Induce Migration of Glioblastoma Cells Through a Methylation-Dependent Control of ODZ1 Gene Expression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1036. [PMID: 31649891 PMCID: PMC6795711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein ODZ1 has been associated with the invasive capacity of glioblastoma (GBM) cells through upregulation of RhoA/ROCK signaling, but the mechanisms triggering the ODZ1 pathway remain elusive. In addition, it is widely accepted that hypoxia is one of the main biological hallmarks of the GBM microenvironment and it is associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Here we show that hypoxic tumor regions express higher levels of ODZ1 and that hypoxia induces ODZ1 expression in GBM cells by regulating the methylation status of the ODZ1 promoter. Hypoxia-induced upregulation of ODZ1 correlates with higher migration capacity of GBM cells that is drastically reduced by knocking down ODZ1. In vitro methylation of the promoter decreases its transactivation activity and we found a functionally active CpG site at the 3'end of the promoter. This site is hypermethylated in somatic neural cells and mainly hypomethylated in GBM cells. Mutagenesis of this CpG site reduces the promoter activity in response to hypoxia. Overall, we identify hypoxia as the first extracellular activator of ODZ1 expression and describe that hypoxia controls the levels of this migration-inducer, at least in part, by regulating the methylation status of the ODZ1 gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velásquez
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila Mansouri
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olga Gutiérrez
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Yasin Mamatjan
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pilar Mollinedo
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Shirin Karimi
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Singh
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nuria Terán
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Martino
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José L Fernández-Luna
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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32
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Zambuto SG, Clancy KBH, Harley BAC. A gelatin hydrogel to study endometrial angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20190016. [PMID: 31485309 PMCID: PMC6710659 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is the lining of the uterus and site of blastocyst implantation. Each menstrual cycle, the endometrium cycles through rapid phases of growth, remodelling and breakdown. Significant vascular remodelling is also driven by trophoblast cells that form the outer layer of the blastocyst. Trophoblast invasion and remodelling enhance blood flow to the embryo ahead of placentation. Understanding the mechanisms of endometrial vascular remodelling and trophoblast invasion would provide key insights into endometrial physiology and cellular interactions critical for establishment of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to develop a tissue engineering platform to investigate the processes of endometrial angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion in a three-dimensional environment. We report adaptation of a methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel that presents matrix stiffness in the range of the native tissue, supports the formation of endometrial endothelial cell networks with human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human endometrial stromal cells as an artificial endometrial perivascular niche and the culture of an endometrial epithelial cell layer, enables culture of a hormone-responsive stromal compartment and provides the capacity to monitor the kinetics of trophoblast invasion. With these studies, we provide a series of techniques that will instruct researchers in the development of endometrial models of increasing complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Zambuto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn B. H. Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Molecular and Clinical Insights into the Invasive Capacity of Glioblastoma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1740763. [PMID: 31467533 PMCID: PMC6699388 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1740763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The invasive capacity of GBM is one of the key tumoral features associated with treatment resistance, recurrence, and poor overall survival. The molecular machinery underlying GBM invasiveness comprises an intricate network of signaling pathways and interactions with the extracellular matrix and host cells. Among them, PI3k/Akt, Wnt, Hedgehog, and NFkB play a crucial role in the cellular processes related to invasion. A better understanding of these pathways could potentially help in developing new therapeutic approaches with better outcomes. Nevertheless, despite significant advances made over the last decade on these molecular and cellular mechanisms, they have not been translated into the clinical practice. Moreover, targeting the infiltrative tumor and its significance regarding outcome is still a major clinical challenge. For instance, the pre- and intraoperative methods used to identify the infiltrative tumor are limited when trying to accurately define the tumor boundaries and the burden of tumor cells in the infiltrated parenchyma. Besides, the impact of treating the infiltrative tumor remains unclear. Here we aim to highlight the molecular and clinical hallmarks of invasion in GBM.
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Zhen J, Tian S, Liu Q, Zheng C, Zhang Z, Ding Y, An Y, Liu Y, Shi L. Nanocarriers responsive to a hypoxia gradient facilitate enhanced tumor penetration and improved anti-tumor efficacy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2986-2995. [PMID: 31106796 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of their abnormal vasculature and the dense tumor extra-cellular matrix, solid tumors prevent the deep and uniform penetration of nanocarriers. Numerous studies have shown that nanocarriers with a positively charged surface exhibit enhanced tumor penetration. Therefore, a hypoxia responsive nanocarrier [responsive micelles (RMs)] was developed, which can gradually increase the positive surface charge by responding to hypoxia gradients, and eventually achieve deep penetration in tumors. The nanocarrier was composed of a poly(caprolactone) core and a mixed shell of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and 4-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (NBCF)-modified polylysine (PLL). During the blood circulation, the NBCF-modified PLL was shielded by the PEG, which gave it the ability to inhibit its rapid removal by the immune system. After reaching the tumor, the hypoxia microenvironment triggered partial NBCF degradation that recovered the amine groups of PLL, leading to a remarkable change in the surface to a positively charged one that enabled the penetration of the nanocarrier into the tumor. As the nanocarrier penetrated into the interior of the tumor, the decrease in oxygen concentration led to the further degradation of the NBCF-modified PLL, resulting in the increase of the positive surface charge which further facilitated the deep penetration. The subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments certified that RM/doxorubicin had a better penetration ability and improved inhibition efficacy on tumor tissues, which demonstrated its potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Shuang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chunxiong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Zhanzhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yuxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yingli An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Chen JWE, Pedron S, Shyu P, Hu Y, Sarkaria JN, Harley BAC. Influence of Hyaluronic Acid Transitions in Tumor Microenvironment on Glioblastoma Malignancy and Invasive Behavior. FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS 2018; 5:39. [PMID: 30581816 PMCID: PMC6300158 DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical in tumor growth and invasive potential of cancer cells. In glioblastoma tumors, some components of the native brain ECM such as hyaluronic acid (HA) have been suggested as key regulators of processes associated with poor patient outlook such as invasion and therapeutic resistance. Given the importance of cell-mediated remodeling during invasion, it is likely that the molecular weight of available HA polymer may strongly influence GBM progression. Biomaterial platforms therefore provide a unique opportunity to systematically examine the influence of the molecular weight distribution of HA on GBM cell activity. Here we report the relationship between the molecular weight of matrix-bound HA within a methacrylamidefunctionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel, the invasive phenotype of a patient-derived xenograft GBM population that exhibits significant in vivo invasivity, and the local production of soluble HA during GBM cell invasion. Hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights spanning a range associated with cell-mediated remodeling (10, 60, and 500 kDa) was photopolymerized into GelMA hydrogels, with cell activity compared to GelMA only conditions (-HA). Polymerization conditions were tuned to create a homologous series of GelMA hydrogels with conserved poroelastic properties (i.e., shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and diffusivity). GBM migration was strongly influenced by HA molecular weight; while markers associated with active remodeling of HA (hyaluronan synthase and hyaluronidase) were found to be uninfluenced. These results provide new information regarding the importance of local hyaluronic acid content on the invasive phenotype of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Wei E. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sara Pedron
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Peter Shyu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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