1
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Luo ZH, Zhu YL, Ran XY, Ma AX, Zhang Y, Zhou HM, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Subcomponent self-assembly construction of tetrahedral cage Fe II4L 4 for high-resolution gas chromatographic separation. Talanta 2024; 277:126388. [PMID: 38870759 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Metal organic cages (MOCs), as an emerging discrete supramolecular compounds, have received widespread attention in separation, biomedicine, gas capture, catalysis, and molecular recognition due to their porosity, adjustability and stability. Herein, we present a new chiral MOC FeII4L4 coated capillary column prepared for gas chromatographic (GC) separation of different types of organic compounds, including n-alkanes, n-alcohols, alkylbenzenes, isomers, especially for racemic compounds. There are 20 different kinds of racemates (e.g., alcohols, ethers, epoxides, esters, alkenes, and aldehydes) were well resolved on the FeII4L4 chiral column and a maximum resolution value for 1-phenyl-1-propanol reaches 6.17. The FeII4L4 coated column exhibited high column efficiency (3100 plates m-1 for n-dodecane) and good enantiomeric resolution complementary to that of a commercial β-DEX 120 column and the previously reported chiral MOC [Fe4L6] (ClO4)8 coated column. The relative standard deviation (RSDs) of the peak area and retention time of glycidol and nitrotoluene were below 1.2 %. This study reveals that chiral MOCs have good application prospects in chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ran
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - An-Xu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
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2
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Vallamkonda B, Sethi S, Satti P, Das DK, Yadav S, Vashistha VK. Enantiomeric Analysis of Chiral Drugs Using Mass Spectrometric Methods: A Comprehensive Review. Chirality 2024; 36:e23705. [PMID: 39105272 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Chirality plays a crucial role in the drug development process, influencing fundamental chemical and biochemical processes and significantly affecting our daily lives. This review provides a comprehensive examination of mass spectrometric (MS) methods for the enantiomeric analysis of chiral drugs. It thoroughly investigates MS-hyphenated techniques, emphasizing their critical role in achieving enantioselective analysis. Furthermore, it delves into the intricate chiral recognition mechanisms inherent in MS, elucidating the fundamental principles that govern successful chiral separations. By critically assessing the obstacles and potential benefits associated with each MS-based method, this review offers valuable insights for researchers navigating the complexities of chiral analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are explored, presenting a comparative analysis of their strengths and limitations. This review is aimed at significantly enhancing the understanding of chiral MS methods, serving as a crucial resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in enantioselective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Vallamkonda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, VIGNAN'S Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sonika Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - PhanikumarReddy Satti
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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3
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Yu Y, Hu Y, Ning C, Shi W, Yang A, Zhao Y, Cao ZY, Xu Y, Du P. BINOL-Based Chiral Macrocycles and Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407034. [PMID: 38708741 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chirality, a fundamental principle in chemistry, biology, and medicine, is prevalent in nature and in organisms. Chiral molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, are crucial in biomolecular synthesis, as well as in the development of functional materials. Among these, 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) stands out for its stable chiral configuration, versatile functionality, and commercial availability. BINOL is widely employed in asymmetric catalysis and chiral materials. This review mainly focuses on recent research over the past five years concerning the use of BINOL derivatives for constructing chiral macrocycles and cages. Their contributions to chiral luminescence, enantiomeric separation, transmembrane transport, and asymmetric catalysis were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Yaning Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Chengbing Ning
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Wudi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Ao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
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4
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Guo S, Zhan WW, Yang FL, Zhou J, Duan YH, Zhang D, Yang Y. Enantiopure trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages templated by in situ self-organized D 2h-symmetric anions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5628. [PMID: 38965215 PMCID: PMC11224320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of a molecule's geometry, chirality, and physical properties has long been a challenging pursuit. Our study introduces a dependable method for assembling D3-symmetric trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages. Specifically, D2h-symmetric anions, like oxalate and chloranilic anions, self-organize around a metal ion to form chiral-at-metal anionic complexes, which template the formation of D3-symmetric trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages. The chirality of the trigonal bipyramid is determined by the point chirality of chiral amines used in forming the ligands. Additionally, these cages exhibit chiral selectivity for the included chiral-at-metal anionic template. Our method is broadly applicable to various ligand systems, enabling the construction of larger cages when larger D2h-symmetric anions, like chloranilic anions, are employed. Furthermore, we successfully produce enantiopure trigonal bipyramidal cages with anthracene-containing backbones using this approach, which would be otherwise infeasible. These cages exhibit circularly polarized luminescence, which is modulable through the reversible photo-oxygenation of the anthracenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng-Lei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Hao Duan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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5
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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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6
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Wang Z, Wang W, Luo AQ, Yuan LM. Recent progress for chiral stationary phases based on chiral porous materials in high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography separation. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400073. [PMID: 38965996 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property of nature. Separation and analysis of racemates are of great importance in the fields of medicine and the production of chiral biopharmaceutical intermediates. Chiral chromatography has the characteristics of a wide separation range, fast separation speed, and high efficiency. The development and preparation of novel chiral stationary phases with good chiral recognition and separation capacity is the core and key of chiral chromatographic separation and analysis. In this work, the representative research progress of novel chiral porous crystal materials including chiral covalent organic frameworks, chiral porous organic cages, chiral metal-organic frameworks, and chiral metal-organic cages used as chiral stationary phases of capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography over the last 4 years is reviewed in detail. The chiral recognition and separation properties of the representative studies in this review are also introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
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7
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Ma C, Cao Q, Yu L, Ma Z, Gan Q. Chirality Interplay between the Interior and Exterior of Metal-Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410731. [PMID: 38923638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A series of metal-organic cages featuring two stereogenic elements, in terms of the twisting of amide moieties within the ligand backbones and the rotation of diazaanthracene segments along the ligand ridges, were exploited. These two chiral components are correlative and serve as relays for transmitting chirality information between the internal and external cages. The chirality information induced by a chiral guest inside the cage cavity can pass through the cage framework and influence the orientation of the diazaanthracene segments on the periphery of the cage. In turn, the chirality of a stereogenic center within the diazaanthracene segments can transfer back into the cavity, enabling discrimination of enantiomeric guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Ma
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qingcheng Cao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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8
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Jurček O, Chattopadhyay S, Kalenius E, Linnanto JM, Kiesilä A, Jurček P, Radiměřský P, Marek R. Unsymmetric Chiral Ligands for Large Metallo-Macrocycles: Selectivity of Orientational Self-Sorting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409134. [PMID: 38845398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Nature uses various chiral and unsymmetric building blocks to form substantial and complex supramolecular assemblies. In contrast, the majority of organic ligands used in metallosupramolecular chemistry are symmetric and achiral. Here we extend the group of unsymmetric chiral bile acids used as a scaffold for organic bispyridyl ligands by employing chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an epimer of the previously used ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The epimerism, flexibility, and bulkiness of the ligands leads to large structural differences in coordination products upon reaction with Pd(NO3)2. The UDCA-bispyridyl ligand self-assembles quantitatively into a single crown-like Pd3L6 complex, whereas the CDCA ligand provides a mixture of coordination complexes of general formula PdnL2n, i.e., Pd2L4, Pd3L6, Pd4L8, Pd5L10, and even Pd6L12 containing an impressive 120 chiral centers. The coordination products were studied by a combination of analytical methods, with ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) providing valuable details on their structure and allowed an effective separation of m/z 1461 to individual signals according to the arrival time distribution, thereby revealing four different ions of [Pd3L6(NO3)3]3+, [Pd4L8(NO3)4]4+, [Pd5L10(NO3)5]5+, and [Pd6L12(NO3)6]6+. The structures of all the complexes were modelled using DFT calculations. Finally, the challenges and conclusions in determining the specific structural identity of these unsymmetric species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Jurček
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-61200, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla P. O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha M Linnanto
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Street 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anniina Kiesilä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla P. O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pia Jurček
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Radiměřský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radek Marek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
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9
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Huang JH, Liu YJ, Si Y, Cui Y, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Carborane-Cluster-Wrapped Copper Cluster with Cyclodextrin-like Cavities for Chiral Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38838264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chiral atomically precise metal clusters, known for their remarkable chiroptical properties, hold great potential for applications in chirality recognition. However, advancements in this field have been constrained by the limited exploration of host-guest chemistry, involving metal clusters. This study reports the synthesis of a chiral Cu16(C2B10H10S2)8 (denoted as Cu16@CB8, where C2B10H12S2H2 = 9,12-(HS)2-1,2-closo-carborane) cluster by an achiral carboranylthiolate ligand. The chiral R-/S-Cu16@CB8 cluster features chiral cavities reminiscent of cyclodextrins, which are surrounded by carborane clusters, yet they crystallize in a racemate. These cyclodextrin-like cavities demonstrated the specific recognition of amino acids, as indicated by the responsive output of circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signals of Cu16 moieties of the Cu16@CB8 cluster. Notably, a quantitative chiroptical analysis of amino acids in a short time and a concomitant deracemization of Cu16@CB8 were achieved. Density functional tight-binding molecular dynamics simulation and noncovalent interaction analysis further unraveled the great importance of the cavities and binding sites for chiral recognition. Dipeptide, tripeptide, and polypeptide containing the corresponding amino acids (Cys, Arg, or His residues) display the same chiral recognition, showing the generality of this approach. The functional synergy of dual clusters, comprising carborane and metal clusters, is for the first time demonstrated in the Cu16@CB8 cluster, resulting in the valuable quantification of the enantiomeric excess (ee) value of amino acids. This work opens a new avenue for chirality sensors based on chiral metal clusters with unique chiroptical properties and inspires the development of carborane clusters in host-guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yao Cui
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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10
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Zhao YY, Li ZQ, Gong ZL, Bernhard S, Zhong YW. Endowing Metal-Organic Coordination Materials with Chiroptical Activity by a Chiral Anion Strategy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400685. [PMID: 38469986 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recently, chiral metal-organic coordination materials have emerged as promising candidates for a wide range of applications in chiroptoelectronics, chiral catalysis, and information encryption, etc. Notably, the chiroptical effect of coordination chromophores makes them appealing for applications such as photodetectors, OLEDs, 3D displays, and bioimaging. The direct synthesis of chiral coordination materials using chiral organic ligands or complexes with metal-centered chirality is very often tedious and costly. In the case of ionic coordination materials, the combination of chiral anions with cationic, achiral coordination compounds through noncovalent interactions may endow molecular materials with desirable chiroptical properties. The use of such a simple chiral strategy has been proven effective in inducing promising circular dichroism and/or circularly polarized luminescence signals. This concept article mainly delves into the latest advances in exploring the efficacy of such a chiral anion strategy for transforming achiral coordination materials into chromophores with superb photo- or electro-chiroptical properties. In particular, ionic small-molecular metal complexes, metal clusters, coordination supramolecular assemblies, and metal-organic frameworks containing chiral anions are discussed. A perspective on the future opportunities on the preparation of chiroptical materials with the chiral anion strategy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Caffrey DF, Gorai T, Rawson B, Martínez‐Calvo M, Kitchen JA, Murray NS, Kotova O, Comby S, Peacock RD, Stachelek P, Pal R, Gunnlaugsson T. Ligand Chirality Transfer from Solution State to the Crystalline Self-Assemblies in Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) Active Lanthanide Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307448. [PMID: 38447160 PMCID: PMC11095229 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a family of chiral and enantiomerically pure pyridyl-diamide (pda) ligands that upon complexation with europium [Eu(CF3SO3)3] result in chiral complexes with metal centered luminescence is reported; the sets of enantiomers giving rise to both circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signatures. The solid-state structures of these chiral metallosupramolecular systems are determined using X-ray diffraction showing that the ligand chirality is transferred from solution to the solid state. This optically favorable helical packing arrangement is confirmed by recording the CPL spectra from the crystalline assembly by using steady state and enantioselective differential chiral contrast (EDCC) CPL Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (CPL-LSCM) where the two enantiomers can be clearly distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Caffrey
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Tumpa Gorai
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
- Present address:
Department of Polymers and Functional MaterialsCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007India
| | - Bláithín Rawson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Miguel Martínez‐Calvo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de QuímicaCampus VidaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Kitchen
- Chemistry, Institute of Natural and Mathematical SciencesMassey UniversityAuckland0632New Zealand
| | - Niamh S. Murray
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Oxana Kotova
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
- AMBER (Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research) CentreTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Steve Comby
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | | | | | - Robert Pal
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
- AMBER (Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research) CentreTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
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12
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Luo D, Zhu XW, Zhou XP, Li D. Covalent Post-Synthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Cages: Concepts and Recent Progress. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400020. [PMID: 38293757 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are supramolecular coordination complexes that have internal cavities for hosting guest molecules and exhibiting various properties. However, the functions of MOCs are limited by the choice of the building blocks. Post-synthetic modification (PSM) is a technique that can introduce new functional groups and replace existing ones on the MOCs without changing their geometry. Among many PSM methods, covalent PSM is a promising approach to modify MOCs with tailored structures and functions. Covalent PSM can be applied to either the internal cavity or the external surface of the MOCs, depending on the functionality expected to be customized. However, there are still some challenges and limitations in the field of covalent PSM of MOCs, such as the balance between the stability of MOCs and the harshness of organic reactions involved in covalent PSMs. This concept article introduces the organic reaction types involved in covalent PSM of MOCs, their new applications after modification, and summarizes and provides an outlook of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
- Guangdong Rare Earth Photofunctional Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
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13
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Xu Y, Pang Y, Luo L, Sharma A, Yang J, Li C, Liu S, Zhan J, Sun Y. De Novo Designed Ru(II) Metallacycle as a Microenvironment-Adaptive Sonosensitizer and Sonocatalyst for Multidrug-Resistant Biofilms Eradication. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319966. [PMID: 38327168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Albeit sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has achieved encouraging progress in microbial sterilization, the scarcity of guidelines for designing highly effective sonosensitizers and the intricate biofilm microenvironment (BME), substantially hamper the therapeutic efficacy against biofilm infections. To address the bottlenecks, we innovatively design a Ru(II) metallacycle-based sonosensitizer/sonocatalyst (named Ru-A3-TTD) to enhance the potency of sonotherapy by employing molecular engineering strategies tailored to BME. Our approach involves augmenting Ru-A3-TTD's production of ultrasonic-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS), surpassing the performance of commercial sonosensitizers, through a straightforward but potent π-expansion approach. Within the BME, Ru-A3-TTD synergistically amplifies sonotherapeutic efficacy via triple-modulated approaches: (i) effective alleviation of hypoxia, leading to increased ROS generation, (ii) disruption of the antioxidant defense system, which shields ROS from glutathione consumption, and (iii) enhanced biofilm penetration, enabling ROS production in deep sites. Notably, Ru-A3-TTD sono-catalytically oxidizes NADPH, a critical coenzyme involved in antioxidant defenses. Consequently, Ru-A3-TTD demonstrates superior biofilm eradication potency against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli compared to conventional clinical antibiotics, both in vitro and in vivo. To our knowledge, this study represents the pioneering instance of a supramolecular sonosensitizer/sonocatalyst. It provides valuable insights into the structure-activity relationship of sonosensitizers and paves a promising pathway for the treatment of biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yida Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lishi Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Amit Sharma
- Amity School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University Punjab, Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Jingfang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chonglu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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14
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Séjourné S, Labrunie A, Dalinot C, Canevet D, Guechaichia R, Bou Zeid J, Benchohra A, Cauchy T, Brosseau A, Allain M, Chamignon C, Viger-Gravel J, Pintacuda G, Carré V, Aubriet F, Vanthuyne N, Sallé M, Goeb S. Chiral Truxene-Based Self-Assembled Cages: Triple Interlocking and Supramolecular Chirogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400961. [PMID: 38284742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating chiral elements in host-guest systems currently attracts much attention because of the major impact such structures may have in a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals to materials science and beyond. Moreover, the development of multi-responsive and -functional systems is highly desirable since they offer numerous benefits. In this context, we describe herein the construction of a metal-driven self-assembled cage that associates a chiral truxene-based ligand and a bis-ruthenium complex. The maximum separation between both facing chiral units in the assembly is fixed by the intermetallic distance within the lateral bis-ruthenium complex (8.4 Å). The resulting chiral cavity was shown to encapsulate polyaromatic guest molecules, but also to afford a chiral triply interlocked [2]catenane structure. The formation of the latter occurs at high concentration, while its disassembly could be achieved by the addition of a planar achiral molecule. Interestingly the planar achiral molecule exhibits induced circular dichroism signature when trapped within the chiral cavity, thus demonstrating the ability of the cage to induce supramolecular chirogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Séjourné
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, F-49000, Angers, France
| | | | | | - David Canevet
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, F-49000, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Cauchy
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, F-49000, Angers, France
| | | | - Magali Allain
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Cécile Chamignon
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (UMR 5082 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jasmine Viger-Gravel
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (UMR 5082 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (UMR 5082 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Carré
- Université de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, F-57000, Metz, France
| | | | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, FSCM, Chiropole, F-13397, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Sallé
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, F-49000, Angers, France
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15
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Wu K, Benchimol E, Baksi A, Clever GH. Non-statistical assembly of multicomponent [Pd 2ABCD] cages. Nat Chem 2024; 16:584-591. [PMID: 38243023 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled hosts, inspired by biological receptors and catalysts, show application potential in sustainable synthesis, energy conversion and medicine. Implementing multiple functionalities in the form of distinguishable building blocks, however, is difficult without risking narcissistic self-sorting or a statistical mess. Here we report a systematic series of integratively self-assembled heteroleptic cages in which two square-planar PdII cations are bridged by four different bis-pyridyl ligands, A, B, C and D, via synergistic effects to exclusively form a single isomer-the lantern-shaped cage [Pd2ABCD]. This self-sorting goal-forming just one out of 55 possible structures-is reached under full thermodynamic control and can be realized progressively (by combining progenitors, such as [Pd2A2C2] with [Pd2B2D2]), directly from ligands and PdII cations or by mixing all four corresponding homoleptic cages. The rational design of complex multicomponent assemblies that enables the modular incorporation of diverse chemical moieties will advance their applicability in functional nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elie Benchimol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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16
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Li Z, Zhang Z, Ma L, Wen H, Kang M, Li D, Zhang W, Luo S, Wang W, Zhang M, Wang D, Li H, Li X, Wang H. Combining Multiple Photosensitizer Modules into One Supramolecular System for Synergetic Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400049. [PMID: 38193338 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an emerging cancer treatment, requires the development of highly desirable photosensitizers (PSs) with integrated functional groups to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Coordination-driven self-assembly (CDSA) would provide an alternative approach for combining multiple PSs synergistically. Here, we demonstrate a simple yet powerful strategy of combining conventional chromophores (tetraphenylethylene, porphyrin, or Zn-porphyrin) with pyridinium salt PSs together through condensation reactions, followed by CDSA to construct a series of novel metallo-supramolecular PSs (S1-S3). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is dramatically enhanced by the direct combination of two different PSs, and further reinforced in the subsequent ensembles. Among all the ensembles, S2 with two porphyrin cores shows the highest ROS generation efficiency, specific interactions with lysosome, and strong emission for probing cells. Moreover, the cellular and living experiments confirm that S2 has excellent PDT efficacy, biocompatibility, and biosafety. As such, this study will enable the development of more efficient PSs with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Lingzhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Haifei Wen
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Danxia Li
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Siqi Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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17
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Prajapati D, Bhandari P, Zangrando E, Mukherjee PS. A water-soluble Pd 4 molecular tweezer for selective encapsulation of isomeric quinones and their recyclable extraction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3616-3624. [PMID: 38455025 PMCID: PMC10915840 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinones (QN) are one of the main components of diesel exhaust particulates that have significant detrimental effects on human health. Their extraction and purification have been challenging tasks because these atmospheric particulates exist as complex matrices consisting of inorganic and organic compounds. In this report, we introduce a new water soluble Pd4L2 molecular architecture (MT) with an unusual tweezer-shaped structure obtained by self-assembly of a newly designed phenothiazine-based tetra-imidazole donor (L) with the acceptor cis-[(tmeda)Pd(NO3)2] (M) [ tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine]. The molecular tweezer encapsulates some quinones existing in diesel exhaust particulates (DEPs) leading to the formation of host-guest complexes in 1 : 1 molar ratio. Moreover, MT binds phenanthrenequinone (PQ) more strongly than its isomer anthraquinone (AQ), an aspect that enables extraction of PQ with a purity of 91% from an equimolar mixture of the two isomers. Therefore, MT represents an excellent example of supramolecular receptor capable of selective aqueous extraction of PQ from PQ/AQ with many cycles of reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmraj Prajapati
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Trieste Trieste 34127 Italy
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
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18
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Oka M, Kozako R, Teranishi Y, Yamada Y, Miyake K, Fujimura T, Sasai R, Ikeue T, Iida H. Chiral Supramolecular Organogel Constructed Using Riboflavin and Melamine: Its Application in Photo-Catalyzed Colorimetric Chiral Sensing and Enantioselective Adsorption. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303353. [PMID: 38012829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a chiral supramolecular organogel via the hierarchical helical self-assembly of optically active riboflavin and melamine derivatives is described herein. Owing to the photocatalysis of riboflavin and the supramolecular chirality induced in the helically stacked riboflavin/melamine complex, the gel is observed to act as a light-stimulated chiral sensor of optically active alcohols by detecting the change in color from yellow to green. The gel also served as an efficient chiral adsorbent, enabling optical resolution of a racemic compound with high chiral recognition ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ryo Kozako
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuta Teranishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyake
- Center for Material Research Platform, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
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19
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Valiyev I, Paul I, Li YF, Elramadi E, Schmittel M. Interconversion between multicomponent slider-on-deck and palladium capsule: regulation of catalysis and encapsulation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3454-3458. [PMID: 38305461 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
When the slider-on-deck [Cu3(1)(2)]3+ and guest G were treated with palladium(II) ions, the biped 2 was released from [Cu3(1)(2)]3+ generating the nanocage [Pd2(2)4(G)]4+ with guest G being encapsulated (NetState-II). This transformation that was reversed by the addition of DMAP enabled modulation of both the overall fluorescence and the activity of copper(I) catalyzing an aza Hopf cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Emad Elramadi
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
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20
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Zhu H, Ronson TK, Wu K, Nitschke JR. Steric and Geometrical Frustration Generate Two Higher-Order Cu I12L 8 Assemblies from a Triaminotriptycene Subcomponent. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2370-2378. [PMID: 38251968 PMCID: PMC10835662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of copper(I) in metal-organic assemblies leads readily to the formation of simple grids and helicates, whereas higher-order structures require complex ligand designs. Here, we report the clean and selective syntheses of two complex and structurally distinct CuI12L8 frameworks, 1 and 2, which assemble from the same simple triaminotriptycene subcomponent and a formylpyridine around the CuI templates. Both represent new structure types. In T-symmetric 1, the copper(I) centers describe a pair of octahedra with a common center but whose vertices are offset from each other, whereas in D3-symmetric 2, the metal ions form a distorted hexagonal prism. The syntheses of these architectures illustrate how more intricate CuI-based complexes can be prepared via subcomponent self-assembly than has been possible to date through consideration of the interplay between the subcomponent geometry and solvent and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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21
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Zhu H, Pesce L, Chowdhury R, Xue W, Wu K, Ronson TK, Friend RH, Pavan GM, Nitschke JR. Stereocontrolled Self-Assembly of a Helicate-Bridged Cu I12L 4 Cage That Emits Circularly Polarized Light. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2379-2386. [PMID: 38251985 PMCID: PMC10835658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Control over the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages can give rise to useful functions that are entwined with chirality, such as stereoselective guest binding and chiroptical applications. Here, we report a chiral CuI12L4 pseudo-octahedral cage that self-assembled from condensation of triaminotriptycene, aminoquinaldine, and diformylpyridine subcomponents around CuI templates. The corners of this cage consist of six head-to-tail dicopper(I) helicates whose helical chirality can be controlled by the addition of enantiopure 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) during the assembly process. Chiroptical and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies elucidated the process and mechanism of stereochemical information transfer from BINOL to the cage during the assembly process. Initially formed CuI(BINOL)2 thus underwent stereoselective ligand exchange during the formation of the chiral helicate corners of the cage, which determined the overall cage stereochemistry. The resulting dicopper(I) helicate corners of the cage were also shown to generate circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Weichao Xue
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
- Department
of Applied Science and Techology, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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22
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Yan LL, Yam VWW. Evolution of Polynuclear Gold(I) Sulfido Complexes from Clusters and Cages to Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:609-616. [PMID: 38153960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Two unprecedented tetratriacontanuclear and tetraicosanuclear gold(I) sulfido clusters (denoted as Au34-LMe and Au24-LCbz) with different temperature-induced stimulus-responsive behavior and emission property have been constructed by taking advantage of the judiciously designed bidentate phosphine ligand. Au34-LMe represents the highest nuclearity of the gold(I) sulfido cluster with more than a thousand atoms in the molecule. Octagonal macrocycles based on metal-cluster nodes have been assembled for the first time. The self-assembly and temperature-induced stimulus-responsive processes were monitored by 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and the identities of the discrete gold(I) complexes were established by single-crystal structural analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. The steric effects exerted by the substituents on the V-shaped 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene ligand have been shown to govern the self-assembly from the 1D cluster and 3D cage to 2D macrocycles. This work not only offers a new strategy to construct and regulate the structure of 2D macrocyclic gold(I) sulfido complexes but also lays the foundation for the future precise design and controlled construction of higher polygonal and cluster-node macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Yan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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23
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Huang YH, Lu YL, Zhang XD, Liu CH, Ruan J, Qin YH, Cao ZM, Jiang J, Xu HS, Su CY. Dynamic Stereochemistry of M 8 Pd 6 Supramolecular Cages Based on Metal-Center Lability for Differential Chiral Induction, Resolution, and Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315053. [PMID: 37883532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of isostructural supramolecular cages with a rhombic dodecahedron shape have been assembled with distinct metal-coordination lability (M8 Pd6 -MOC-16, M=Ru2+ , Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+ ). The chirality transfer between metal centers generally imposes homochirality on individual cages to enable solvent-dependent spontaneous resolution of Δ8 /Λ8 -M8 Pd6 enantiomers; however, their distinguishable stereochemical dynamics manifests differential chiral phenomena governed by the cage stability following the order Ru8 Pd6 >Ni8 Pd6 >Fe8 Pd6 >Zn8 Pd6 . The highly labile Zn centers endow the Zn8 Pd6 cage with conformational flexibility and deformation, enabling intrigue chiral-Δ8 /Λ8 -Zn8 Pd6 to meso-Δ4 Λ4 -Zn8 Pd6 transition induced by anions. The cage stabilization effect differs from inert Ru2+ , metastable Fe2+ /Ni2+ , and labile Zn2+ , resulting in different chiral-guest induction. Strikingly, solvent-mediated host-guest interactions have been revealed for Δ8 /Λ8 -(Ru/Ni/Fe)8 Pd6 cages to discriminate the chiral recognition of the guests with opposite chirality. These results demonstrate a versatile procedure to control the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages based on the dynamic metal centers, thus providing guidance to maneuver cage chirality at a supramolecular level by virtue of the solvent, anion, and guest to benefit practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hui Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chen-Hui Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia Ruan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Min Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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24
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Hu T, Minoia A, Velpula G, Ryskulova K, Van Hecke K, Lazzaroni R, Mali KS, Hoogenboom R, De Feyter S. From One-Dimensional Disordered Racemate to Ordered Racemic Conglomerates through Metal-Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302545. [PMID: 37840008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant focus on investigating and controlling chiral self-assembly, specifically in the context of enantiomeric separation. This study explores the self-assembly behavior of 4-dodecyl-3,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyridazine (DPP-C12) at the interface between heptanoic acid (HA) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and multiscale molecular modeling. The self-assembled monolayer structure formed by DPP-C12 is periodic in one direction, but aperiodic in the direction orthogonal to it. These structures resemble 1D disordered racemic compounds. Upon introducing palladium [Pd(II)] ions, complexing with DPP-C12, these 1D disordered racemic compounds spontaneously transform into 2D racemic conglomerates, which is rationalized with the assistance of force-field simulations. Our findings provide insights into the regulation of two-dimensional chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Hu
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Gangamallaiah Velpula
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kanykei Ryskulova
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Zhang ZE, An YY, Wang F, Li HL, Jiang WL, Han YF. Construction and Hierarchical Self-Assembly of a Supramolecular Metal-Carbene Complex with Multifunctional Units. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303043. [PMID: 37749755 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical combinations involving metal-ligand interactions and host-guest interactions can consolidate building blocks with unique functions into material properties. This study reports the construction and hierarchical self-assembly of multifunctional trinuclear AuI tricarbene complex containing three crown ether units and three ferrocene units. Host-guest interactions between the multifunctional trinuclear AuI tricarbene complex and organic ammonium salts were investigated, revealing that crown ether-based host-guest interactions can effectively regulate the electrochemical properties of the complex. Utilizing bisammonium salt as the cross-linker and multifunctional trinuclear AuI tricarbene complex as the core, a stimuli-responsive and self-healing supramolecular gel with different functional units was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-En Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan An
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
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26
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Sengupta A, Roy G, Likhar AR, Asthana D. A supramolecular assembly-based strategy towards the generation and amplification of photon up-conversion and circularly polarized luminescence. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18999-19015. [PMID: 37991436 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
For the molecular properties in which energy transfer/migration is determinantal, such as triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon up-conversion (TTAUC), the overall performance is largely affected by the intermolecular distance and relative molecular orientations. In such scenarios, tools that may steer the intermolecular interactions and provide control over molecular organisation in the bulk, become most valuable. Often these non-covalent interactions, found predominantly in supramolecular assemblies, enable pre-programming of the molecular network in the assembled structures. In other words, by employing supramolecular chemistry principles, an arrangement where molecular units are arranged in a desired fashion, very much like a Lego toy, could be achieved. This leads to enhanced energy transfer from one molecule to other. In recent past, chiral luminescent systems have attracted huge attention for producing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). In such systems, chirality is a necessary requirement. Chirality induction/transfer through supramolecular interactions has been known for a long time. It was realized recently that it may help in the generation and amplification of CPL signals as well. In this review article we have discussed the applicability of self-/co-assembly processes for achieving maximum TTA-UC and CPL in various molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India.
| | - Gargee Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India.
| | | | - Deepak Asthana
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India.
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27
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Nakajima T, Tashiro S, Ehara M, Shionoya M. Selective synthesis of tightly- and loosely-twisted metallomacrocycle isomers towards precise control of helicity inversion motion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7868. [PMID: 38057325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular twist is a characteristic component of molecular machines. Selectively synthesising isomers with different modes of twisting and controlling their motion such as helicity inversion is an essential challenge for achieving more advanced molecular systems. Here we report a strategy to control the inversion kinetics: the kinetically selective synthesis of tightly- and loosely-twisted isomers of a trinuclear PdII-macrocycle and their markedly different molecular behaviours. The loosely-twisted isomers smoothly invert between (P)- and (M)-helicity at a rate of 3.31 s-1, while the helicity inversion of the tightly-twisted isomers is undetectable but rather relaxes to the loosely-twisted isomers. This critical difference between these two isomers is explained by the presence or absence of an absolute configuration inversion of the nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic amine ligand. Strategies to control the helicity inversion and structural loosening motions by the mode of twisting offer future possibilities for the design of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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Maeda M, Sato K, De Feyter S, Tahara K. Homochiral hierarchical molecular assemblies through dynamic combination of conformational states of a single chiral building block at the liquid/solid interface. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37997169 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the construction of homochiral, hierarchical self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) at the liquid/graphite interface using a single molecular building block, a chiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (cDBA) derivative with three chiral alkoxy and three hydroxy groups positioned in an alternating manner on the DBA core. The cDBA molecules form homochiral hierarchical SAMNs consisting of triangular clusters of several sizes, the size of which can be tuned by solvent polarity and solute concentration, reaching periodicities as large as 9.3 nm. We demonstrate the successful transmission of chirality information from the single molecular level to the hierarchical SAMN level, in a process that is mediated by dynamic self-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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29
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Takimoto K, Shimada T, Nagura K, Hill JP, Nakanishi T, Yuge H, Ishihara S, Labuta J, Sato H. Thermo-/Mechano-Chromic Chiral Coordination Dimer: Formation of Switchable and Metastable Discrete Structure through Chiral Self-Sorting. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25160-25169. [PMID: 37943955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Although strong chiral self-sorting often emerges in extended covalent or supramolecular polymers, the phenomenon is generally weak in discrete assemblies (e.g., dimers and oligomers) of small molecules due to the lack of a cooperative growth mechanism. Consequently, chiral self-sorting has been overlooked in the design of switchable and metastable discrete supramolecular structures. Here, we report a butyl-benzo[h]quinoline-based iridium(III) complex (Bu-Ir) with helical chirality at its metal center, which forms preferentially a homochiral dimer and exhibits thermo-/mechano-chromism based on a monomer-dimer transformation. While a five-coordinate monomer is formed in a racemic or an enantiopure Bu-Ir solution at 25 °C, a six-coordinate homochiral dimer complex is formed almost exclusively at low temperatures, with a higher degree of dimerization in enantiopure Bu-Ir solution. Estimation of apparent dimerization binding constants (K) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔH and ΔS) based on variable temperature ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and 1H NMR spectra reveals a strong preference for homochiral dimerization (largest known value for the coordination complex, Khomo/Khetero > 50). Notably, crystals of the homochiral dimer are metastable, undergoing a distinct color change upon grinding (from yellow to red) due to mechanical cleavage of coordination bonds (i.e., a dimer to monomer transformation). A comparison with control compounds having different substituents (proton, methyl, isopropyl, and phenyl groups) reveals that Bu-Ir dimerization involves both strong homochiral self-sorting preference and connected thermo-/mechano-chromic behavior, which is based on matched propeller-shaped chirality and subtle steric repulsion between alkyl substituents that render the homochiral dimer switchable and metastable. These findings provide substantial insights into the emergence of dynamic functionality based on the rational design of discrete chiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takumi Shimada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagura
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yuge
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishihara
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hisako Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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30
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Zhang Z, Ye H, Cai F, Sun Y. Recent advances on the construction of long-wavelength emissive supramolecular coordination complexes for photo-diagnosis and therapy. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15193-15202. [PMID: 37476886 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, metal-based drugs have attracted relentless interest in the biomedical field. However, their short excitation/emission wavelengths and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency limit their biological applications in vivo. Currently, the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) provides more accurate imaging and therapeutic options. Thus, there has been a constant focus on developing multifunctional NIR metal agents for imaging and therapy that have deeper tissue penetration. Fortunately, supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) formed by the coordination-driven self-assembly of NIR-II emissive ligands can address the above issues. Importantly, metal receptors with chemotherapeutic properties in SCCs can bind to luminescent ligands, thus becoming a versatile therapeutic platform for chemotherapy, imaging and phototherapy. In this context, we systematically summarize the evolution of NIR-II emissive SCCs for biomedical applications and discuss future challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning 437000, P. R. China.
| | - Huan Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Fei Cai
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning 437000, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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31
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Duan XF, Zhou LP, Li HR, Hu SJ, Zheng W, Xu X, Zhang R, Chen X, Guo XQ, Sun QF. Excited-Multimer Mediated Supramolecular Upconversion on Multicomponent Lanthanide-Organic Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23121-23130. [PMID: 37844009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion (UC) is a fascinating anti-Stokes-like optical process with promising applications in diverse fields. However, known UC mechanisms are mainly based on direct energy transfer between metal ions, which constrains the designability and tunability of the structures and properties. Here, we synthesize two types of Ln8L12-type (Ln for lanthanide ion; L for organic ligand L1 or L2R/S) lanthanide-organic complexes with assembly induced excited-multimer states. The Yb8(L2R/S)12 assembly exhibits upconverted multimer green fluorescence under 980 nm excitation through a cooperative sensitization process. Furthermore, upconverted red emission from Eu3+ on the heterometallic (Yb/Eu)8L12 assemblies is also realized via excited-multimer mediated energy relay. Our findings demonstrate a new strategy for designing UC materials, which is crucial for exploiting photofunctions of multicomponent lanthanide-organic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Back HJ, Kim D, Kim D, Han J, Hossain MM, Jung OS, Lee YA. Formation Process of SiF 6@Cu 2L 4 Chiral Cage Pairs in a Glass Vessel: Catechol Oxidation Catalysis and Chiral Recognition. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39720-39729. [PMID: 37901500 PMCID: PMC10601440 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of CuX2 (X- = BF4-, PF6-, and SbF6-) with a pair of chiral bidentate ligands, (1R,2S)-(+)- and (1S,2R)-(-)-1-(nicotinamido)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl-nicotinate (r,s-L or s,r-L), in a mixture solvent including ethanol in a glass vessel gives rise to SiF62--encapsulated Cu2L4 chiral cage products. The SiF62- anion from the reaction of X- with SiO2 of the glass-vessel surface acts as a cage template or cage bridge. One of the products, [SiF6@Cu2(SiF6)(s,r-L)4]·3CHCl3·4EtOH, is one of the most effective heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol. Furthermore, an l-DOPA/d-DOPA pair is recognizable by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) signals of its combination with chiral cages [SiF6@Cu2(BF4)2(s,r- or r,s-L)4]·4CHCl3·2EtOH pair and [SiF6@Cu2(SiF6)(s,r- or r,s-L)4]·3CHCl3·4EtOH pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Back
- Department
of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mozammal Hossain
- Department
of Electrochemistry, Korea Institute of
Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-A Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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33
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Ma M, Dong L, Luo B, Hao A, Xing P. V-shaped chiral hosts based on π-extended hematoxylin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11145-11148. [PMID: 37650147 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03631f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematoxylin has a V-shaped chiral geometry, but its potential in chiroptical self-assembled materials is underdeveloped. Herein, three novel V-shaped chiral hematoxylin derivatives were synthesized, and they showed extended skeletons as well as photophysical and chiroptical behaviors. Moreover, their host-guest interactions with C60 were investigated. Our findings could aid in the design and synthesis of novel chiral host molecules from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Ma
- College of Basic Medicine & Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design and Synthesis of Jining Medical University & Jining Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyang Dong
- College of Basic Medicine & Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design and Synthesis of Jining Medical University & Jining Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Wang SM, Wang YF, Huang L, Zheng LS, Nian H, Zheng YT, Yao H, Jiang W, Wang X, Yang LP. Chiral recognition of neutral guests by chiral naphthotubes with a bis-thiourea endo-functionalized cavity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5645. [PMID: 37704639 PMCID: PMC10499783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing chiral receptors with an endo-functionalized cavity for chiral recognition is of great significance in the field of molecular recognition. This study presents two pairs of chiral naphthotubes containing a bis-thiourea endo-functionalized cavity. Each chiral naphthotube has two homochiral centers which were fixed adjacent to the thiourea groups, causing the skeleton and thiourea groups to twist enantiomerically through chiral transfer. These chiral naphthotubes are highly effective at enantiomerically recognizing various neutral chiral molecules with an enantioselectivity up to 17.0. Furthermore, the mechanism of the chiral recognition has been revealed to be originated from differences in multiple non-covalent interactions. Various factors, such as the shape of cavities, substituents of guests, flexibility of host and binding modes are demonstrated to contribute to creating differences in the non-covalent interactions. Additionally, the driving force behind enantioselectivity is mainly attributed to enthalpic differences, and enthalpy -entropy compensation has also been observed to influence enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Meng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li-Shuo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Nian
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu-Tao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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35
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Yan C, Li Q, Miao X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang P, Wang K, Duan H, Zhang L, Cao L. Chiral Adaptive Induction of an Achiral Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Supramolecular Organic Framework by Dipeptides in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308029. [PMID: 37469108 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chiral induction by natural biomolecules can reveal the indispensable role of chiral structures in life and can be used to develop the chirality-sensing biomolecular recognition. Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of an achiral supramolecular organic framework (SOF-1) constructed from cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) derivative (1) in water. Due to the propeller-like rotational chiral conformation of HPB units and the specific recognition properties of CB[8], SOF-1 demonstrates chiral adaptive induction in water when interacting with the N-terminal Trp-/Phe-containing dipeptides including L-TrpX and L-PheX (X is an amino acid residue), respectively, exhibiting contrasting circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra. Consequently, SOF-1 has been developed as a supramolecular host and chiroptical sensor capable of recognizing and distinguishing the sequence-opposite Trp-/Phe-containing dipeptide pairs including L-TrpX/L-XTrp and L-PheX/L-XPhe based on the sequence-selective CD responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Qingfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaran Miao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility of Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi An Shi, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Pingxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Honghong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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36
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Huang B, Li K, Ma QY, Xiang TX, Liang RX, Gong YN, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Homochiral Metallacycle Used as a Stationary Phase for Capillary Gas Chromatographic Separation of Chiral and Achiral Compounds. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13289-13296. [PMID: 37615071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Metallacycles are a novel class of supramolecular materials with circular structures, internal cavities, and abundant host-guest chemical properties that have exhibited good application prospects in many fields. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research on the use of metallacycles as stationary phases for gas chromatographic (GC) separations has been published yet. In this work, we report for the first time the use of a homochiral metallacycle, [ZnCl2L]2, as a stationary phase for GC separations. [ZnCl2L]2 was synthesized by reaction of (S)-(1-isonicotinoylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl-isonicotinate (L) with ZnCl2 via coordination-driven self-assembly. The [ZnCl2L]2-coated column displayed an excellent separation performance not only of organic isomers but also of racemic compounds. Sixteen racemates (including alcohols, esters, amino acid derivatives, ethers, organic acids, and epoxides) and 21 isomeric compounds (including positional, structural, and cis/trans-isomers) were well separated on the [ZnCl2L]2-coated column. Impressively, some racemates were resolved with high resolution values (Rs), including 1,2-butanediol diacetate (Rs = 25.86), ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (Rs = 20.97), 1,3-butanediol diacetate (Rs = 18.09), and threonine derivative (Rs = 18.61). Compared with the commercial β-DEX 120 column for separation of the tested racemates, the [ZnCl2L]2-coated column exhibited good enantioseparation complementarity, enabling separation of some racemates that could not be separated, or were not well resolved, by the β-DEX 120 column. In addition, many organic mixtures, such as n-alkanes, alkylbenzenes, n-alcohols, and a Grob test mixture, were also well separated on the [ZnCl2L]2-coated column. The column also has good reproducibility and thermal stability on separation. This work not only reveals the great potential of metallacycles for GC separations but also opens up a new application of metallacycles in separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yu Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuan-Xiu Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xue Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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37
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Yun W, Qu L, Zhang B, Yang Q, Song J, Zhou X, Xiang H. "Point-Line-Plane-Helix" Binuclear Platinum(II) Complexes: Metal-Induced Chirality, Chirality Self-Sorting, and Chiroptical Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14152-14157. [PMID: 37552507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property of nature, and thus, building novel chiral molecules plays a crucial role in multidisciplinary fields. Herein, we have developed a straightforward approach to effectively incorporate all four types of point, axial, planar, and helical chiralities into a single molecule for the first time. The resultant "point-line-plane-helix" binuclear Pt(II) complexes exhibit multiple chiralities, including not only point and axial chiralities from the bridging ligands but also planar and helical chiralities from metal coordination. The intramolecular π-π and Pt-Pt interactions will restrict intramolecular rotations, thereby stabilizing the metal-induced planar and helical chiralities. Furthermore, enantiopure (R,R,R,Rp,M) or (S,S,S,Sp,P) molecules could be obtained by chirality self-sorting without the use of chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Their single-crystal, circular dichroism, and circularly polarized luminescence properties are comprehensively investigated, providing unequivocal insights into the design of multiple-chirality materials for related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Yun
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Qu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintong Song
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangge Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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38
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Niu X, Zhao R, Yan S, Pang Z, Li H, Yang X, Wang K. Chiral Materials: Progress, Applications, and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303059. [PMID: 37217989 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a universal phenomenon in molecular and biological systems, denoting an asymmetric configurational property where an object cannot be superimposed onto its mirror image by any kind of translation or rotation, which is ubiquitous on the scale from neutrinos to spiral galaxies. Chirality plays a very important role in the life system. Many biological molecules in the life body show chirality, such as the "codebook" of the earth's biological diversity-DNA, nucleic acid, etc. Intriguingly, living organisms hierarchically consist of homochiral building blocks, for example, l-amino acids and d-sugars with unknown reason. When molecules with chirality interact with these chiral factors, only one conformation favors the positive development of life, that is, the chiral host environment can only selectively interact with chiral molecules of one of the conformations. The differences in chiral interactions are often manifested by chiral recognition, mutual matching, and interactions with chiral molecules, which means that the stereoselectivity of chiral molecules can produce changes in pharmacodynamics and pathology. Here, the latest investigations are summarized including the construction and applications of chiral materials based on natural small molecules as chiral source, natural biomacromolecules as chiral sources, and the material synthesized by design as a chiral source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Simeng Yan
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Zengwei Pang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
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39
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Yang SL, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wu C, Liu H, Jiang D, Lavendomme R, Zhang D, Gao EQ. Confinement inside MOFs Enables Guest-Modulated Spin Crossover of Otherwise Low-Spin Coordination Cages. JACS AU 2023; 3:2183-2191. [PMID: 37654592 PMCID: PMC10466325 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of discrete coordination cages within nanoporous lattices is an intriguing strategy to gain unusual properties and functions. We demonstrate here that the confinement of coordination cages within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allows the spin state of the cages to be regulated through multilevel host-guest interactions. In particular, the confined in situ self-assembly of an anionic FeII4L6 nanocage within the mesoporous cationic framework of MIL-101 leads to the ionic MOF with an unusual hierarchical host-guest structure. While the nanocage in solution and in the solid state has been known to be invariantly diamagnetic with low-spin FeII, FeII4L6@MIL-101 exhibits spin-crossover (SCO) behavior in response to temperature and release/uptake of water guest within the MOF. The distinct color change concomitant with water-induced SCO enables the use of the material for highly selective colorimetric sensing of humidity. Moreover, the spin state and the SCO behavior can be modulated also by inclusion of a guest into the hydrophobic cavity of the confined cage. This is an essential demonstration of the phenomenon that the confinement within porous solids enables an SCO-inactive cage to show modulable SCO behaviors, opening perspectives for developing functional supramolecular materials through hierarchical host-guest structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Liang Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department
of EEE, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Haiming Liu
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Engineering
Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School
of Physics and Electronic Science, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Roy Lavendomme
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
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40
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Zhang L, Li B, Li R, Wang Y, Ye S, Zhang P, Wu B. Spontaneous Resolution of Chiral Janus-Type Double-Layered Metallocyclic Strips Incorporating Möbius Ring and Circular Helicate. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18221-18226. [PMID: 37552546 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Homochiral metal-organic macrocyclic complexes are of great significance owing to their chirality and well-defined internal cavities that potentially have the ability to mimic complicated biological processes. Here we report a novel metal/anion-coordination co-driven strategy for the formation of nanoscale supramolecular metallocycles with unique topology, large size, and desired chirality. The enantiomeric Janus-type metallocyclic strips are assembled based on the synergistic coordination of sulfate anions and CoII ions to a bifunctional achiral ligand combining the o-phenylene-(bis)urea anion-chelating and 8-hydroxyquinoline metal-coordinating sites. The inherent chirality arises from two types of helical chiralities (triply twisted Möbius ring and circular helicate), which is observed for the first time for metal-organic complex systems. Notably, spontaneous chiral resolution by conglomerate crystallization into a pair of enantiomers (P- or M-Co9) is realized, which is attributed to the multiple weak intermolecular interactions facilitating the hierarchically helical superstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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41
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Liu HK, Ronson TK, Wu K, Luo D, Nitschke JR. Anionic Templates Drive Conversion between a Zn II9L 6 Tricapped Trigonal Prism and Zn II6L 4 Pseudo-Octahedra. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37440669 PMCID: PMC10375523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces the use of 8-aminoquinoline subcomponents to generate complex three-dimensional structures. Together with a tris(formylpyridine), 8-aminoquinoline condensed around ZnII templates to produce a tris(tridentate) ligand. This ligand is incorporated into either a tricapped trigonal prismatic ZnII9L6 structure or a pair of pseudo-octahedral ZnII6L4 diastereomers, with S4 and D2 symmetries. Introduction of a methyl group onto the aminoquinoline modulated the coordination sphere of ZnII, which favored the ZnII9L6 structure and disfavored the ZnII6L4 assembly. The tricapped trigonal prismatic ZnII9L6 architecture converted into a single ZnII6L4 cage diastereomer following the addition of a dianionic 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate guest. Four of these guests clustered tightly at the four windows of the ZnII6L4 cage, held in place through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, stabilize a single diastereomeric configuration with S4 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Kui Liu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Dong Luo
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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42
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Magna G, Šakarašvili M, Stefanelli M, Giancane G, Bettini S, Valli L, Ustrnul L, Borovkov V, Aav R, Monti D, Di Natale C, Paolesse R. Chiral Recognition by Supramolecular Porphyrin-Hemicucurbit[8]uril-Functionalized Gravimetric Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37326387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enantiorecognition of a chiral analyte usually requires the ability to respond with high specificity to one of the two enantiomers of a chiral compound. However, in most cases, chiral sensors have chemical sensitivity toward both enantiomers, showing differences only in the intensity of responses. Furthermore, specific chiral receptors are obtained with high synthetic efforts and have limited structural versatility. These facts hinder the implementation of chiral sensors in many potential applications. Here, we utilize the presence of both enantiomers of each receptor to introduce a novel normalization that allows the enantio-recognition of compounds even when single sensors are not specific for one enantiomer of a target analyte. For this purpose, a novel protocol that permits the fabrication of a large set of enantiomeric receptor pairs with low synthetic efforts by combining metalloporphyrins with (R,R)- and (S,S)-cyclohexanohemicucurbit[8]uril is developed. The potentialities of this approach are investigated by an array of four pairs of enantiomeric sensors fabricated using quartz microbalances since gravimetric sensors are intrinsically non-selective toward the mechanism of interaction of analytes and receptors. Albeit the weak enantioselectivity of single sensors toward limonene and 1-phenylethylamine, the normalization allows the correct identification of these enantiomers in the vapor phase indifferent to their concentration. Remarkably, the achiral metalloporphyrin choice influences the enantioselective properties, opening the way to easily obtain a large library of chiral receptors that can be implemented in actual sensor arrays. These enantioselective electronic noses and tongues may have a potential striking impact in many medical, agrochemical, and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marko Šakarašvili
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Via D. Birago, 48, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Simona Bettini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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43
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Guo S, Li M, Hu H, Xu T, Xi H, Zhu WH. Light-regulating chirality of metallacages featuring dithienylethene switches. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6237-6243. [PMID: 37325154 PMCID: PMC10266469 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00828b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic chiral superstructures are of vital importance for understanding the organization and function of chirality in biological systems. However, achieving high conversion efficiency for photoswitches in nanoconfined architectures remains challenging but fascinating. Herein, we report a series of dynamic chiral photoswitches based on supramolecular metallacages through the coordination-driven self-assembly of dithienylethene (DTE) units and octahedral zinc ions, thereby successfully achieving an ultrahigh photoconversion yield of 91.3% in nanosized cavities with a stepwise isomerization mechanism. Interestingly, the chiral inequality phenomenon is observed in metallacages, resulting from the intrinsic photoresponsive chirality in the closed form of the dithienylethene unit. Upon hierarchical organization, we establish a dynamic chiral system at the supramolecular level, featuring chiral transfer, amplification, induction, and manipulation. This study provides an intriguing idea to simplify and understand chiral science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Honglong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Hancheng Xi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
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44
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Wu K, Ronson TK, Goh L, Xue W, Heard AW, Su P, Li X, Vinković M, Nitschke JR. A Diverse Array of Large Capsules Transform in Response to Stimuli. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11356-11363. [PMID: 37191451 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The allosteric regulation of biomolecules, such as enzymes, enables them to adapt and alter their conformation to fit specific substrates, expressing different functionalities in response to stimuli. Different stimuli can also trigger synthetic coordination cages to change their shape, size, and nuclearity by reconfiguring the dynamic metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Here we demonstrate an abiological system consisting of different organic subcomponents and ZnII metal ions, which can respond to simple stimuli in complex ways. A ZnII20L12 dodecahedron transforms to give a larger ZnII30L12 icosidodecahedron through subcomponent exchange, as an aldehyde that forms bidentate ligands is displaced in favor of one that forms tridentate ligands together with a penta-amine subcomponent. In the presence of a chiral template guest, the same system that produced the icosidodecahedron instead gives a ZnII15L6 truncated rhombohedral architecture through enantioselective self-assembly. Under specific crystallization conditions, a guest induces a further reconfiguration of either the ZnII30L12 or ZnII15L6 cages to yield an unprecedented ZnII20L8 pseudo-truncated octahedral structure. The transformation network of these cages shows how large synthetic hosts can undergo structural adaptation through the application of chemical stimuli, opening pathways to broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Leonard Goh
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Weichao Xue
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Andrew W Heard
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mladen Vinković
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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45
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Espinosa CF, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Secondary Bracing Ligands Drive Heteroleptic Cuboctahedral Pd II12 Cage Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9965-9969. [PMID: 37115100 PMCID: PMC10176475 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The structural complexity of self-assembled metal-organic capsules can be increased by incorporating two or more different ligands into a single discrete product. Such complexity can be useful, by enabling larger, less-symmetrical, or more guests to be bound. Here we describe a rational design strategy for the use of subcomponent self-assembly to selectively prepare a heteroleptic cage with a large cavity volume (2631 Å3) from simple, commercially available starting materials. Our strategy involves the initial isolation of a tris(iminopyridyl) PdII3 complex 1, which reacts with tris(pyridyl)triazine ligand 2 to form a heteroleptic sandwich-like architecture 3. The tris(iminopyridyl) ligand within 3 serves as a "brace" to control the orientations of the labile coordination sites on the PdII centers. Self-assembly of 3 with additional 2 was thus directed to generate a large PdII12 heteroleptic cuboctahedron host. This new cuboctahedron was observed to bind multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon guests simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Fuertes Espinosa
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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46
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Luo D, Yuan ZJ, Ping LJ, Zhu XW, Zheng J, Zhou CW, Zhou XC, Zhou XP, Li D. Tailor-Made Pd n L 2n Metal-Organic Cages through Covalent Post-Synthetic Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216977. [PMID: 36753392 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-synthetic modification (PSM) is an effective approach for the tailored functionalization of metal-organic architectures, but its generalizability remains challenging. Herein we report a general covalent PSM strategy to functionalize Pdn L2n metal-organic cages (MOCs, n=2, 12) through an efficient Diels-Alder cycloaddition between peripheral anthracene substituents and various functional motifs bearing a maleimide group. As expected, the solubility of functionalized Pd12 L24 in common solvents can be greatly improved. Interestingly, concentration-dependent circular dichroism and aggregation-induced emission are achieved with chiral binaphthol (BINOL)- and tetraphenylethylene-modified Pd12 L24 , respectively. Furthermore, Pd12 L24 can be introduced with two different functional groups (e.g., chiral BINOL and achiral pyrene) through a step-by-step PSM route to obtain chirality-induced circularly polarized luminescence. Moreover, similar results are readily observed with a smaller Pd2 L4 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Jie Ping
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong, 514015, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Chuang-Wei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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47
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Zhang ZE, Zhang YF, Zhang YZ, Li HL, Sun LY, Wang LJ, Han YF. Construction and Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Multifunctional Coordination Cages with Triangular Metal-Metal-Bonded Units. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7446-7453. [PMID: 36947714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a series of face-capped (Tr2M3)4L4 (Tr = cycloheptatrienyl cationic ring; M = metal; L = organosulfur ligand) tetrahedral cages 1-3 functionalized with 12 appended crown ether moieties were designed and synthesized. The reversible binding of ammonium cations with peripheral crown ether moieties to adjust internal guest-binding was realized. Combination of a bisammonium linker and cage 3 led to the formation of a supramolecular gel SPN1 via host-guest interactions between the crown ether moieties and ammonium salts. The obtained supramolecular gel exhibited multiple-stimuli responsiveness, injectability, and excellent self-healing properties and could be further developed to a SPN1-based drug delivery system. In addition, the storage modulus of SPN1 was 20 times higher than that of the model gel without Pd-Pd bonded blocks, and SPN1 had better self-healing properties compared with the latter, demonstrating the importance of such cages in improving mechanical strength without losing the dynamic properties of the material. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the drug-loaded (doxorubicin or methotrexate) SPN1 was significantly improved compared to that of free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-En Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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48
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Zuo W, Tao Y, Luo Z, Li A, Wang S, Qiao X, Ma F, Jia C. Stereoselective Assembly of Hydrogen-Bonded Anionic Cages Dictated by Organophosphate-Based Chiral Nodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300470. [PMID: 36722622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the signal transduction function of organophosphates in biological systems, bioactive organophosphates were utilized for the first time as chiral nodes to dictate the stereoselective assembly of hydrogen-bonded anionic cages. Phosphonomycin (antibiotics), tenofovir (antivirals), adenosine monophosphate (natural product, AMP) and clindamycin phosphate (antibiotics) were assembled with an achiral bis-monourea ligand, thereby leading to the stereoselective formation of quadruple or triple helicates. The extent of the stereoselectivity could be enhanced by either lowering the temperature or adding stronger-binding cations as templates. With the chiral anionic cages as the host, some enantioselectivity was achieved when binding chiral quaternary ammonium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Emvironmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710600, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhipeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xinrui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Fen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chuandong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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49
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Xue W, Pesce L, Bellamkonda A, Ronson TK, Wu K, Zhang D, Vanthuyne N, Brotin T, Martinez A, Pavan GM, Nitschke JR. Subtle Stereochemical Effects Influence Binding and Purification Abilities of an Fe II4L 4 Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5570-5577. [PMID: 36848676 PMCID: PMC9999408 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A tetrahedral FeII4L4 cage assembled from the coordination of triangular chiral, face-capping ligands to iron(II). This cage exists as two diastereomers in solution, which differ in the stereochemistry of their metal vertices, but share the same point chirality of the ligand. The equilibrium between these cage diastereomers was subtly perturbed by guest binding. This perturbation from equilibrium correlated with the size and shape fit of the guest within the host; insight as to the interplay between stereochemistry and fit was provided by atomistic well-tempered metadynamics simulations. The understanding thus gained as to the stereochemical impact on guest binding enabled the design of a straightforward process for the resolution of the enantiomers of a racemic guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xue
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Lyon F69342, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland.,Department of Applied Science and Techology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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50
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Mohan B, Shanmugaraju S. Synthesis, characterization, and heparin-binding study of a self-assembled p-cymene-Ru(II) metallocycle based on a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base supramolecular scaffold. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2566-2570. [PMID: 36330868 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the very first example of a self-assembled p-cymene-Ru(II) metallocycle based on a green emitting 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base (TBNap) supramolecular scaffold. A new cleft-shaped TBNap-derived di-4-picolyl donor was synthesized and reacted in a 2 : 2 stoichiometry ratio with a dinuclear Ru(II) acceptor (Ru-A) to generate a [2 + 2] self-assembled metallocycle (TBNap-Ru-MC) in good yield. Both TBNap and TBNap-Ru-MC showed positive solvatochromism in different solvents with varying polarities. In addition, the binding propensity of cationic TBNap-Ru-MC toward the heparin polyanion was determined using fluorescence titration studies. The initial fluorescence emission of TBNap-Ru-MC was quenched upon the gradual addition of the heparin polyanion, and the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) was calculated to be 3.97 × 105 M-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binduja Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad-678557, Kerala, India.
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