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Terahata T, Shimada Y, Maki C, Muroga S, Sakurai R, Kunichika K, Fujishiro T. Cysteine-Persulfide Sulfane Sulfur-Ligated Zn Complex of Sulfur-Carrying SufU in the SufCDSUB System for Fe-S Cluster Biosynthesis. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39384553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
SufU, a component of the SufCDSUB Fe-S cluster biosynthetic system, serves as a Zn-dependent sulfur-carrying protein that delivers inorganic sulfur in the form of cysteine persulfide from SufS to SufBCD. To understand this sulfur delivery mechanism, we studied the X-ray crystal structure of SufU and its sulfur-carrying state (persulfurated SufU) and performed functional analysis of the conserved amino acid residues around the Zn sites. Interestingly, sulfur-carrying SufU with Cys41-persulfide (Cys41-Sγ-Sδ-) exhibited a unique Zn coordination structure, in which electrophilic Sγ is ligated to Zn and nucleophilic/anionic Sδ is bound to distally conserved Arg125. This structure is distinct from those of other Cys-persulfide-Sδ-ligated metals of metalloproteins, such as hybrid cluster proteins and SoxAX. Functional analysis of SufU variants with Zn-ligand and Arg125 substitutions revealed that both Zn and Arg125 are critical for the function of SufU with SufS. The Zn-persulfide structure of SufU provides insight into the sulfur-transfer process, suggesting that persulfide-Sδ- is stabilized via bridging by Zn and Arg125 of SufU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Terahata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yukino Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Chisato Maki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Suguru Muroga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Rina Sakurai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kunichika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujishiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Palermo JC, Colombo MC, Scocozza MF, Murgida DH, Estrin DA, Bari SE. Reduction of metmyoglobin by inorganic disulfide species. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112256. [PMID: 37244768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the metal centered reduction of metmyoglobin (MbFeIII) by inorganic disulfide species has been studied by combined spectroscopic and kinetic analyses, under argon atmosphere. The process is kinetically characterized by biexponential time traces, for variable ratios of excess disulfide to protein, in the pH interval 6.6-8.0. Using UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopies, we observed that MbFeIII is converted into a low spin hexacoordinated ferric complex, tentatively assigned as MbFeIII(HSS-)/MbFeIII(SS2-), in an initial fast step. The complex is slowly converted into a pentacoordinated ferrous form, assigned as MbFeII according to the resonance Raman records. The reduction is a pH-dependent process, but independent of the initial disulfide concentration, suggesting the unimolecular decomposition of the intermediate complex following a reductive homolysis. We estimated the rate of the fast formation of the complex at pH 7.4 (kon = 3.7 × 103 M-1 s-1), and a pKa2 = 7.5 for the equilibrium MbFeIII(HSS-)/MbFeIII(SS2-). Also, we estimated the rate for the slow reduction at the same pH (kred = 10-2 s-1). A reaction mechanism compliant with the experimental results is proposed. This mechanistic study provides a differential kinetic signature for the reactions of disulfide compared to sulfide species on metmyoglobin, which may be considered in other hemeprotein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cruz Palermo
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Carllinni Colombo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí F Scocozza
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Murgida
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío A Estrin
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara E Bari
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Yu B, Yang X, Yuan Z, Wang B. Prodrugs of sulfide and persulfide species: Implications in their different pharmacological activities. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102329. [PMID: 37279623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as H2S, hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n ≥ 2), and hydropersulfides (RSSnH, n ≥ 1), are known to mediate diverse signaling pathways and possess a plethora of exciting therapeutic opportunities. Historically, due to the rapid inter-conversion among those species in vivo, the biological differences of distinct sulfur species were often overlooked. These species were considered to enrich the global sulfur pool in almost an equal fashion. However, advancement in this field has revealed that sulfur species at different oxidation states result in different pharmacological effects including scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating ion channels, and exhibiting analgesic effects. Here, we summarize recent advances in studying the biological and pharmacological differences of distinct sulfur species; discuss this phenomenon from the view of chemical properties and sulfur signaling pathways; and lay out a roadmap to transforming such new knowledge into general principles in developing sulfur-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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4
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Domán A, Dóka É, Garai D, Bogdándi V, Balla G, Balla J, Nagy P. Interactions of reactive sulfur species with metalloproteins. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102617. [PMID: 36738685 PMCID: PMC9926313 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) entail a diverse family of sulfur derivatives that have emerged as important effector molecules in H2S-mediated biological events. RSS (including H2S) can exert their biological roles via widespread interactions with metalloproteins. Metalloproteins are essential components along the metabolic route of oxygen in the body, from the transport and storage of O2, through cellular respiration, to the maintenance of redox homeostasis by elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, heme peroxidases contribute to immune defense by killing pathogens using oxygen-derived H2O2 as a precursor for stronger oxidants. Coordination and redox reactions with metal centers are primary means of RSS to alter fundamental cellular functions. In addition to RSS-mediated metalloprotein functions, the reduction of high-valent metal centers by RSS results in radical formation and opens the way for subsequent per- and polysulfide formation, which may have implications in cellular protection against oxidative stress and in redox signaling. Furthermore, recent findings pointed out the potential role of RSS as substrates for mitochondrial energy production and their cytoprotective capacity, with the involvement of metalloproteins. The current review summarizes the interactions of RSS with protein metal centers and their biological implications with special emphasis on mechanistic aspects, sulfide-mediated signaling, and pathophysiological consequences. A deeper understanding of the biological actions of reactive sulfur species on a molecular level is primordial in H2S-related drug development and the advancement of redox medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Domán
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Dóka
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Garai
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary,Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Virág Bogdándi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, ELKH Laboratory of Redox Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078, Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary.
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5
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Persulfidation of DJ-1: Mechanism and Consequences. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010027. [PMID: 36671412 PMCID: PMC9856005 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 (also called PARK7) is a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in the etiology of Parkinson disease and cancers. At least one of its three cysteine residues is functionally essential, and its oxidation state determines the specific function of the enzyme. DJ-1 was recently reported to be persulfidated in mammalian cell lines, but the implications of this post-translational modification have not yet been analyzed. Here, we report that recombinant DJ-1 is reversibly persulfidated at cysteine 106 by reaction with various sulfane donors and subsequently inhibited. Strikingly, this reaction is orders of magnitude faster than C106 oxidation by H2O2, and persulfidated DJ-1 behaves differently than sulfinylated DJ-1. Both these PTMs most likely play a dedicated role in DJ-1 signaling or protective pathways.
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6
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Switzer CH, Fukuto JM. The antioxidant and oxidant properties of hydropersulfides (RSSH) and polysulfide species. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102486. [PMID: 36201912 PMCID: PMC9535303 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydropersulfides (RSSH) and other polysulfide species are all intimately linked biochemically. Indeed, at least some of the biological activity attributed to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may actually be due to its conversion to RSSH and derived polysulfur species (and vice-versa). The unique chemistry associated with the hydropersulfide functional group (-SSH) predicts that it possesses possible protective properties that can help a cell contend with oxidative and/or electrophilic stress. However, since RSSH and polysulfides possess chemical properties akin to disulfides (RSSR), they can also be sources of oxidative/electrophilic stress/signaling as well. Herein are discussed the unique chemistry, possible biochemistry and the physiological implications of RSSH (and polysulfides), especially as it pertains to their putative cellular protection properties against a variety of stresses and/or as possible stressors/signaling agents themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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7
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Fukuto JM. The Biological/Physiological Utility of Hydropersulfides (RSSH) and Related Species: What Is Old Is New Again. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:244-255. [PMID: 33985355 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is reported to be an important mediator involved in numerous physiological processes. H2S and hydropersulfides (RSSH) species are intimately linked biochemically. Therefore, interest in the mechanisms of the biological activity of H2S has led to investigations of the chemical biology of RSSH since they are likely to coexist in a biological system. Currently it is hypothesized that RSSH may be responsible for a least part of the observed H2S-mediated biology/physiology. Recent Advances: It has been recently touted that thiols (RSH) and RSSH have some important differences in terms of their chemical biology and that the generation of RSSH from RSH is purposeful to exploit these chemical differences as a response to a physiological or biological stress. This transformation may represent an unappreciated/unrecognized biological mechanism for dealing with cellular stresses. Critical Issues: Although recent studies indicate a diverse and potentially important chemical biology associated with RSSH species, these ideas have their foundations in early studies (some over 60 years old). It is vital to recognize the nature of this early work to fully appreciate the current ideas regarding RSSH biology. Importantly, these early studies were performed before the realization of purposeful H2S biosynthesis (before 1996). Future Directions: Taking clues from the past studies of RSSH chemistry and biology, progress in delineating the chemical biology of RSSH will continue. Determination of the possible relevance of RSSH chemical biology to signaling and cellular physiology will be a primary focus of many future studies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 244-255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA
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8
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Takata T, Jung M, Matsunaga T, Ida T, Morita M, Motohashi H, Shen X, Kevil CG, Fukuto JM, Akaike T. Methods in sulfide and persulfide research. Nitric Oxide 2021; 116:47-64. [PMID: 34534626 PMCID: PMC8486624 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfides and persulfides/polysulfides (R-Sn-R', n > 2; R-Sn-H, n > 1) are endogenously produced metabolites that are abundant in mammalian and human cells and tissues. The most typical persulfides that are widely distributed among different organisms include various reactive persulfides-low-molecular-weight thiol compounds such as cysteine hydropersulfide, glutathione hydropersulfide, and glutathione trisulfide as well as protein-bound thiols. These species are generally more redox-active than are other simple thiols and disulfides. Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been suggested for years to be a small signaling molecule, it is intimately linked biochemically to persulfides and may actually be more relevant as a marker of functionally active persulfides. Reactive persulfides can act as powerful antioxidants and redox signaling species and are involved in energy metabolism. Recent evidence revealed that cysteinyl-tRNA synthetases (CARSs) act as the principal cysteine persulfide synthases in mammals and contribute significantly to endogenous persulfide/polysulfide production, in addition to being associated with a battery of enzymes including cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, which have been described as H2S-producing enzymes. The reactive sulfur metabolites including persulfides/polysulfides derived from CARS2, a mitochondrial isoform of CARS, also mediate not only mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics but also anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. The physiological roles of persulfides, their biosynthetic pathways, and their pathophysiology in various diseases are not fully understood, however. Developing basic and high precision techniques and methods for the detection, characterization, and quantitation of sulfides and persulfides is therefore of great importance so as to thoroughly understand and clarify the exact functions and roles of these species in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Minkyung Jung
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA; Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 212118, USA.
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Oszajca M, Drabik G, Radoń M, Franke A, van Eldik R, Stochel G. Experimental and Computational Insight into the Mechanism of NO Binding to Ferric Microperoxidase. The Likely Role of Tautomerization to Account for the pH Dependence. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15948-15967. [PMID: 34476946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the current paradigm, the metal-hydroxo bond in a six-coordinate porphyrin complex is believed to be significantly less reactive in ligand substitution than the analogous metal-aqua bond, due to a much higher strength of the former bond. Here, we report kinetic studies for nitric oxide (NO) binding to a heme-protein model, acetylated microperoxidase-11 (AcMP-11), that challenge this paradigm. In the studied pH range 7.4-12.6, ferric AcMP-11 exists in three acid-base forms, assigned in the literature as [(AcMP-11)FeIII(H2O)(HisH)] (1), [(AcMP-11)FeIII(OH)(HisH)] (2), and [(AcMP-11)FeIII(OH)(His-)] (3). From the pH dependence of the second-order rate constant for NO binding (kon), we determined individual rate constants characterizing forms 1-3, revealing only a ca. 10-fold decrease in the NO binding rate on going from 1 (kon(1) = 3.8 × 106 M-1 s-1) to 2 (kon(2) = 4.0 × 105 M-1 s-1) and the inertness of 3. These findings lead to the abandonment of the dissociatively activated mechanism, in which the reaction rate can be directly correlated with the Fe-OH bond energy, as the mechanistic explanation for the process with regard to 2. The reactivity of 2 is accounted for through the existence of a tautomeric equilibrium between the major [(AcMP-11)FeIII(OH)(HisH)] (2a) and minor [(AcMP-11)FeIII(H2O)(His-)] (2b) species, of which the second one is assigned as the NO binding target due to its labile Fe-OH2 bond. The proposed mechanism is further substantiated by quantum-chemical calculations, which confirmed both the significant labilization of the Fe-OH2 bond in the [(AcMP-11)FeIII(H2O)(His-)] tautomer and the feasibility of the tautomer formation, especially after introducing empirical corrections to the computed relative acidities of the H2O and HisH ligands based on the experimental pKa values. It is shown that the "effective lability" of the axial ligand (OH-/H2O) in 2 may be comparable to the lability of the H2O ligand in 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oszajca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Drabik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Radoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwigs-Maximilians University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Dillon KM, Matson JB. A Review of Chemical Tools for Studying Small Molecule Persulfides: Detection and Delivery. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1128-1141. [PMID: 34114796 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has gained significant attention as a potent bioregulator in the redox metabolome, but it is just one of many reactive sulfur species (RSS). Recently, small molecule persulfides (structure RSSH) have emerged as RSS of particular interest due to their enhanced antioxidant abilities compared to H2S and their ability to directly convert protein thiols into protein persulfides, suggesting that persulfides may have distinct physiological functions from H2S. However, persulfides exhibit instability and cross-reactivity that hampers the elucidation of their precise biological roles. As such, chemists have designed chemical tools and techniques to facilitate the study of persulfides under various conditions. These molecules and methods include persulfide trapping reagents and sensors, as well as compounds that degrade in response to various triggers to release persulfides, termed persulfide donors. There now exist a variety of persulfide donor classes, some of which possess tissue-targeting capabilities designed to mimic localized endogenous production of RSS. This Review briefly covers the physicochemical properties of persulfides, the endogenous production of small molecule persulfides, and their reactions with protein thiols and other reactive species. These introductory sections are followed by a discussion of chemical tools used in persulfide chemical biology, with critical analysis of recent advancements in the field and commentary on potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearsley M. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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11
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Shimizu T, Hayashi Y, Arai M, McGlynn SE, Masuda T, Masuda S. Repressor Activity of SqrR, a Master Regulator of Persulfide-Responsive Genes, Is Regulated by Heme Coordination. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:100-110. [PMID: 33169162 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are involved in bioactive regulation via persulfidation of proteins. However, how cells regulate RSS-based signaling and RSS metabolism is poorly understood, despite the importance of universal regulation systems in biology. We previously showed that the persulfide-responsive transcriptional factor SqrR acts as a master regulator of sulfide-dependent photosynthesis in proteobacteria. Here, we demonstrated that SqrR also binds heme at a near one-to-one ratio with a binding constant similar to other heme-binding proteins. Heme does not change the DNA-binding pattern of SqrR to the target gene promoter region; however, DNA-binding affinity of SqrR is reduced by the binding of heme, altering its regulatory activity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy clearly showed secondary structural changes in SqrR by the heme binding. Incremental change in the intracellular heme concentration is associated with small, but significant reduction in the transcriptional repression by SqrR. Overall, these results indicate that SqrR has an ability to bind heme to modulate its DNA-binding activity, which may be important for the precise regulation of RSS metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shimizu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hayashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehito Arai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shawn E McGlynn
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Masuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Fukuto JM, Lin J, Khodade VS, Toscano JP. Predicting the Possible Physiological/Biological Utility of the Hydropersulfide Functional Group Based on Its Chemistry: Similarities Between Hydropersulfides and Selenols. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1295-1307. [PMID: 32103674 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydropersulfides (RSSH) and related polysulfide species (RSnR, n > 2, R = alkyl, H) are highly biologically prevalent with likely important physiological functions. Due to their prevalence, many labs have begun to investigate their possible roles, especially with regards to their protective, redox, and signaling properties. Recent Advances: A significant amount of work has been performed while delineating the chemical reactivity/chemical properties of hydropersulfides, and it is clear that their overall chemistry is distinct from all other biologically relevant sulfur species (e.g., thiols, disulfides, sulfenic acids, etc.). Critical Issues: One way to predict and ultimately understand the biological functions of hydropersulfides is to focus on their unique chemistry, which should provide the rationale for why this unique functionality is present. Interestingly, some of the chemical properties of RSSH are strikingly similar to those of selenols (RSeH). Therefore, it may be important to consider the known functions of selenoproteins when speculating about the possible functions of RSSH species. Future Directions: Currently, many of the inherent chemical differences between hydropersulfides and other biological sulfur species have been established. It remains to be determined, however, whether and how these differences are utilized to accomplish specific biochemical/physiological goals. A significant aspect of elucidating the biological utility of hydropersulfides will be to determine the mechanisms of regulation of their formation and/or biosynthesis, that is, based on whether it can be determined under what cellular conditions hydropersulfides are made, more meaningful speculation regarding their functions/roles can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry and Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA.,Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Lin
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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The reactions of hydropersulfides (RSSH) with myoglobin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Fukuto JM, Vega VS, Works C, Lin J. The chemical biology of hydrogen sulfide and related hydropersulfides: interactions with biologically relevant metals and metalloproteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 55:52-58. [PMID: 31940509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide and related/derived persulfides (RSnH, RSSnR, n > 1) have been the subject of recent research interest because of their reported physiological signaling roles. In spite of their described actions, the chemical/biochemical mechanisms of activity have not been established. From a chemical perspective, it is likely that metals and metalloproteins are possible biological targets for the actions of these species. Thus, the chemical biology of hydrogen sulfide and persulfides with metals and metalloproteins will be discussed as a prelude to future speculation regarding their physiological function and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA.
| | - Valeria Suarez Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Carmen Works
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Joseph Lin
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
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15
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Nelp MT, Zheng V, Davis KM, Stiefel KJE, Groves JT. Potent Activation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase by Polysulfides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15288-15300. [PMID: 31436417 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is a heme enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenation of the indole ring of tryptophan to afford N-formylkynurenine. This activity significantly suppresses the immune response, mediating inflammation and autoimmune reactions. These consequential effects are regulated through redox changes in the heme cofactor of IDO1, which autoxidizes to the inactive ferric state during turnover. This change in redox status increases the lability of the heme cofactor leading to further suppression of activity. The cell can thus regulate IDO1 activity through the supply of heme and reducing agents. We show here that polysulfides bind to inactive ferric IDO1 and reduce it to the oxygen-binding ferrous state, thus activating IDO1 to maximal turnover even at low, physiologically significant concentrations. The on-rate for hydrogen disulfide binding to ferric IDO1 was found to be >106 M-1 s-1 at pH 7 using stopped-flow spectrometry. Fe K-edge XANES and EPR spectroscopy indicated initial formation of a low-spin ferric sulfur-bound species followed by reduction to the ferrous state. The μM affinity of polysulfides for IDO1 implicates these polysulfides as important signaling factors in immune regulation through the kynurenine pathway. Tryptophan significantly enhanced the relatively lower-affinity binding of hydrogen sulfide to IDO1, inspiring the use of the small molecule 3-mercaptoindole (3MI), which selectively binds to and activates ferric IDO1. 3MI sustains turnover by catalytically transferring reducing equivalents from glutathione to IDO1, representing a novel strategy of upregulating innate immunosuppression for treatment of autoimmune disorders. Reactive sulfur species are thus likely unrecognized immune-mediators with potential as therapeutic agents through these interactions with IDO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah T Nelp
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Vincent Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Katherine M Davis
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Katherine J E Stiefel
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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16
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Boubeta FM, Bieza SA, Bringas M, Estrin DA, Boechi L, Bari SE. Mechanism of Sulfide Binding by Ferric Hemeproteins. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7591-7600. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M. Boubeta
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
| | - Silvina A. Bieza
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
| | - Mauro Bringas
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
| | - Darío A. Estrin
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
| | | | - Sara E. Bari
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
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