1
|
Picken CAR, Buensoz O, Price PD, Fidge C, Points L, Shaver MP. Sustainable formulation polymers for home, beauty and personal care: challenges and opportunities. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12926-12940. [PMID: 38023508 PMCID: PMC10664511 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As society moves towards a net-zero future, the need to adopt more sustainable polymers is well understood, and as well as plastics, less visible formulation polymers should also be included within this shift. As researchers, industries and consumers move towards more sustainable products there is a clear need to define what sustainability means in fast moving consumer goods and how it can be considered at the design stage. In this perspective key challenges in achieving sustainable formulation polymers are highlighted, and opportunities to overcome them are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A R Picken
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Orla Buensoz
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paul D Price
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Christopher Fidge
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Laurie Points
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cen X, Dong Y, Liu D, Chen Z. New pathways and metabolic engineering strategies for microbial synthesis of diols. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102845. [PMID: 36403537 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diols are important bulk chemicals that are widely used in polymer, cosmetics, fuel, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The development of bioprocess to produce diols from renewable feedstocks has gained much interest in recent years and is contributing to reducing the carbon footprint of the chemical industry. Although bioproduction of some natural diols such as 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol has been commercialized, microbial production of most other diols is still challenging due to the lack of natural biosynthetic pathways. This review describes the recent efforts in the development of novel synthetic pathways and metabolic engineering strategies for the biological production of C2∼C5 diols. We also discussed the main challenges and future perspectives for the microbial processes toward industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Cen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Dong
- College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Dehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan 523808, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan 523808, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta NK, Reif P, Palenicek P, Rose M. Toward Renewable Amines: Recent Advances in the Catalytic Amination of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar Gupta
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Department of Chemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Phillip Reif
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Department of Chemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Phillip Palenicek
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Department of Chemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcus Rose
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Department of Chemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park J, Son J. Cobalt‐Catalyzed C(sp2)–O Bond Formation by Directing Group Assisted C–H Activation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Park
- Dong-A University Chemical Engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Dong-A University Chemistry 550beon-gil, Nakdong-daero 49315 Busan KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bertolini FA, Soccio M, Weinberger S, Guidotti G, Gazzano M, Guebitz GM, Lotti N, Pellis A. Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters. Front Chem 2021; 9:771612. [PMID: 34869219 PMCID: PMC8634338 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.771612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, scientific research focused on the identification of valid alternatives to materials of fossil origin, in particular, related to biobased polymers. Recently, the efforts led to the synthesis of thiophene-based polymers (TBPs), a new class of polyesters based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (TPCA) that can be industrially produced using biomass-derived molecules. In this study, TBPs were synthesized using diols with different chain length (from C4 to C6) leading to poly(butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF), poly(pentamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PPeTF), and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PHTF), respectively, that were processed to thin films. To investigate enzymatic hydrolysis of these polymer films, cutinase 1 (Thc_cut1) and cutinase 2 (Thc_cut2) from Thermobifida cellulosilytica were recombinantly expressed in the host E. coli and purified. After 72 h of incubation at 65°C with 5 µM Thc_cut1, weight loss and HPLC analysis indicated 9, 100, and 80% degradation of PBTF, PPeTF, and PHTG with a concomitant release of 0.12, 2.70, and 0.67 mM of TPCA. The SEM analysis showed that tiny holes were formed on the surface of the films and after 72 h PPeTF was completely degraded. The LC-TOF/MS analysis indicated that Thc_cut2 in particular released various oligomers from the polymer during the reaction. In addition, the FTIR analysis showed the formation of novel acid and hydroxyl groups on the polymer surfaces. The results showed that the two used thermostable cutinases are promising biocatalysts for the environmentally friendly degradation of TPCA-based polyesters, in view of a possible sustainable recycling of plastic waste through resynthesis processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico A Bertolini
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Weinberger
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Institute, CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Core Facility Bioactive Molecules Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Q, Song M, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhang L. Bio-based polyesters: Recent progress and future prospects. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
7
|
Maiuolo L, Olivito F, Algieri V, Costanzo P, Jiritano A, Tallarida MA, Tursi A, Sposato C, Feo A, De Nino A. Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Novel Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams Using Cellulose-Derived Polyol for Chain Extension and Cellulose Citrate as a Thickener Additive. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2802. [PMID: 34451341 PMCID: PMC8400649 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of bio-based polyurethane composite foams was prepared, employing a cellulose-derived polyol for chain extension and cellulose-citrate as a thickener additive. The utilized polyol was obtained from the reduction reaction of cellulose-derived bio-oil through the use of sodium borohydride and iodine. Primarily, we produced both rigid and flexible polyurethane foams through chain extension of the prepolymers. Secondly, we investigated the role of cellulose citrate as a polyurethane additive to improve the mechanical properties of the realized composite materials. The products were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and their morphologies were analysed by SEM. Mechanical tests were evaluated to open new perspectives towards different applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Fabrizio Olivito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Jiritano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Tallarida
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Tursi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Corradino Sposato
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. 106 Ionica, km 419 + 500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy; (C.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Feo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. 106 Ionica, km 419 + 500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy; (C.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bhagia S, Bornani K, Ozcan S, Ragauskas AJ. Terephthalic Acid Copolyesters Containing Tetramethylcyclobutanediol for High-Performance Plastics. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:830-841. [PMID: 34402603 PMCID: PMC8369847 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for high-performance applications for terephthalic acid (TPA) polyesters with high heat resistance, impact toughness, and optical clarity. Bisphenol A (BPA) based polycarbonates and polyarylates have such properties, but BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Therefore, new TPA polyesters that are less hazardous to health and the environment are becoming popular. Tetramethylcyclobutanediol (TMCD) is a difunctional monomer that can be polymerized with TPA and other diols to yield copolyesters with superior properties to conventional TPA polyesters. It has a cyclobutyl ring that makes it more rigid than cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and EG. Thus, TMCD containing TPA copolyesters can have high heat resistance and impact strength. TPA can be made from abundantly available upcycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Therefore, this review discusses the synthesis of monomers and copolyesters, the impact of diol composition on material properties, molecular weight, effects of photodegradation, health safety, and substitution of cyclobutane diols for future polyesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samarthya Bhagia
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831USA
| | - Kamlesh Bornani
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont 05405USA
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Manufacturing Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA
- Joint Institute of Biological SciencesBiosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831USA
- Center for Renewable CarbonDepartment of ForestryWildlifeand FisheriesUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ebrecht AC, Aschenbrenner JC, Smit MS, Opperman DJ. Biocatalytic synthesis of non-vicinal aliphatic diols. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:439-445. [PMID: 33331366 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysts are receiving increased attention in the field of selective oxyfunctionalization of C-H bonds, with cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s), and the related peroxygenases, leading the field. Here we report on the substrate promiscuity of CYP505A30, previously characterized as a fatty acid hydroxylase. In addition to its regioselective oxyfunctionalization of saturated fatty acids (ω-1 - ω-3 hydroxylation), primary fatty alcohols are also accepted with similar regioselectivities. Moreover, alkanes such as n-octane and n-decane are also readily accepted, allowing for the production of non-vicinal diols through sequential oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Ebrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Jasmin C Aschenbrenner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa. and South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change, South Africa
| | - Martha S Smit
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa. and South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change, South Africa
| | - Diederik J Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muldoon JA, Harvey BG. Bio-Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High-Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5777-5807. [PMID: 32810345 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable energy solutions that reduce global carbon emissions, while maintaining high living standards, is one of the grand challenges of the current century. Transportation fuels are critical to economic development, globalization, and the advancement of society. Although ground vehicles and small aircraft are beginning a slow transition toward electric propulsion with energy sourced from solar radiation or wind, the extreme power requirements of jet aircraft require a more concentrated source of energy that is conveniently provided by liquid hydrocarbon fuels. This Review describes recent efforts to develop efficient routes for the conversion of crude biomass sources (e. g., lignocellulose) to cycloalkanes. These cycloalkanes impart advantageous properties to jet fuels, including increased density, higher volumetric heat of combustion, and enhanced operability. The combination of bio-based cycloalkanes and synthetic paraffinic kerosenes allows for the preparation of 100 % bio-based fuels that can outperform conventional petroleum-based fuels. In this Review methods are described that convert biomass-derived small molecules, including furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, cyclic ketones, phenolics, acyclic ketones, cyclic alcohols, furans, esters, and alkenes to high-density cycloalkanes. In addition to describing the chemical transformations and catalysts that have been developed to efficiently produce various cycloalkanes, this Review includes summaries of key fuel properties, which highlight the ability to generate fuels with customized performance metrics. This work is intended to inspire other researchers to study the conversion of sustainable feedstocks to full-performance aviation fuels. An acceleration of this research is critical to reducing the carbon footprint of commercial and military aviation on a timescale that will help blunt the impacts of global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Muldoon
- US NAVY, NAWCWD, Research Department, Chemistry Branch, China Lake, California, 93555, USA
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- US NAVY, NAWCWD, Research Department, Chemistry Branch, China Lake, California, 93555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Little A, Pellis A, Comerford JW, Naranjo-Valles E, Hafezi N, Mascal M, Farmer TJ. Effects of Methyl Branching on the Properties and Performance of Furandioate-Adipate Copolyesters of Bio-Based Secondary Diols. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:14471-14483. [PMID: 33014637 PMCID: PMC7525809 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Furandioate-adipate copolyesters are an emerging class of bio-based biodegradable polymers with great potential to replace fossil-derived terephthalic acid-based copolyesters such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Furandioate-adipate polyesters have almost exclusively been prepared with conventional primary (1°) alcohol diols, while secondary (2°) alcohol diol monomers have largely been overlooked until now, despite preliminary observations that using methyl-branched diols increases the T g of the resultant polyesters. Little is known of what impact the use of 2° alcohol diols has on other properties such as material strength, hydrophobicity, and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis-all key parameters for performance and end-of-life. To ascertain the effects of using 2° diols on the properties of furandioate-adipate copolyesters, a series of polymers from diethyl adipate (DEA) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (FDEE) using different 1° and 2° alcohol diols was prepared. Longer transesterification times and greater excesses of diol (diol/diester molar ratio of 2:1) were found to be necessary to achieve M ws > 20 kDa using 2° alcohol diols. All copolyesters from 2° diols were entirely amorphous and exhibited higher T gs than their linear equivalents from 1° diols. Compared to linear poly(1,4-butyleneadipate-co-1,4-butylenefurandioate), methyl-branched, poly(2,5-hexamethyleneadipate-co-2,5-hexamethylenefurandioate) (0:7:0.3 furandioate/adipate ratio) displayed both higher modulus (67.8 vs 19.1 MPa) and higher extension at break (89.7 vs 44.5 mm). All other methyl-branched copolyesters displayed lower modulus but retained higher extension at break compared with their linear analogues. Enzymatic hydrolysis studies using Humicola insolens cutinase revealed that copolyesters from 2° alcohol diols have significantly decreased rates of biodegradation than their linear equivalents synthesized using 1° alcohol diols, allowing for fine-tuning of polymer stability. Hydrophobicity, as revealed by water contact angles, was also found to generally increase through the introduction of methyl branching, demonstrating potential for these materials in coatings applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Little
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz Straβe 20, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria
| | - James W Comerford
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Edwin Naranjo-Valles
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nema Hafezi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mark Mascal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas J Farmer
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vollmer I, Jenks MJF, Roelands MCP, White RJ, van Harmelen T, de Wild P, van der Laan GP, Meirer F, Keurentjes JTF, Weckhuysen BM. Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15402-15423. [PMID: 32160372 PMCID: PMC7497176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the stream of recycled plastic necessitates an approach beyond the traditional recycling via melting and re-extrusion. Various chemical recycling processes have great potential to enhance recycling rates. In this Review, a summary of the various chemical recycling routes and assessment via life-cycle analysis is complemented by an extensive list of processes developed by companies active in chemical recycling. We show that each of the currently available processes is applicable for specific plastic waste streams. Thus, only a combination of different technologies can address the plastic waste problem. Research should focus on more realistic, more contaminated and mixed waste streams, while collection and sorting infrastructure will need to be improved, that is, by stricter regulation. This Review aims to inspire both science and innovation for the production of higher value and quality products from plastic recycling suitable for reuse or valorization to create the necessary economic and environmental push for a circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Vollmer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Michael J. F. Jenks
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Mark C. P. Roelands
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Robin J. White
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)Materials Solutions DepartmentEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Toon van Harmelen
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)Climate, Air & Sustainability DepartmentUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul de Wild
- Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN)- part of TNO, Biomass & Energy EfficiencyPettenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerard P. van der Laan
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)Climate, Air & Sustainability DepartmentUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vollmer I, Jenks MJF, Roelands MCP, White RJ, Harmelen T, Wild P, Laan GP, Meirer F, Keurentjes JTF, Weckhuysen BM. Die nächste Generation des Recyclings – neues Leben für Kunststoffmüll. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Vollmer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Michael J. F. Jenks
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Mark C. P. Roelands
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Delft Niederlande
| | - Robin J. White
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Materials Solutions Department Eindhoven Niederlande
| | - Toon Harmelen
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Climate, Air & Sustainability Department Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Paul Wild
- Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN) –, part of TNO, Biomass & Energy Efficiency Petten Niederlande
| | - Gerard P. Laan
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Climate, Air & Sustainability Department Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Niederlande
| | | | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Niederlande
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stadler BM, Brandt A, Kux A, Beck H, de Vries JG. Properties of Novel Polyesters Made from Renewable 1,4-Pentanediol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:556-563. [PMID: 31794106 PMCID: PMC7027755 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel polyester polyols were prepared in high yields from biobased 1,4-pentanediol catalyzed by non-toxic phosphoric acid without using a solvent. These oligomers are terminated with hydroxyl groups and have low residual acid content, making them suitable for use in adhesives by polyurethane formation. The thermal behavior of the polyols was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing was performed on the derived polyurethanes. The results were compared with those of polyurethanes obtained with fossil-based 1,4-butanediol polyester polyols. Surprisingly, it was found that a crystalline polyester was obtained when aliphatic long-chain diacids (>C12 ) were used as the diacid building block. The low melting point of the C12 diacid-based material allows the development of biobased shape-memory polymers with very low switching temperatures (<0 °C), an effect that has not yet been reported for a material based on a simple binary polyester. This might find application as thermosensitive adhesives in the packaging of temperature-sensitive goods such as pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, these results indicate that, although 1,4-pentanediol cannot be regarded as a direct substitute for 1,4-butanediol, its novel structure expands the toolbox of the adhesives, coatings, or sealants formulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard M. Stadler
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e. V. an derUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18055RostockGermany
| | - Adrian Brandt
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaAHenkel-Str. 6740589DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alexander Kux
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaAHenkel-Str. 6740589DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Horst Beck
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaAHenkel-Str. 6740589DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e. V. an derUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18055RostockGermany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gigli M, Quartinello F, Soccio M, Pellis A, Lotti N, Guebitz GM, Licoccia S, Munari A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF) and poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) films: A comparison of mechanisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104852. [PMID: 31195223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF) and poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) by Humicola insolens (HiC) and Thermobifida cellulosilytica (Cut) cutinases is investigated. For the first time, the different depolymerization mechanisms of PBTF (endo-wise scission) and PBF (exo-wise cleavage) has been unveiled and correlated to the chemical structure of the two polyesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gigli
- University of Roma Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Felice Quartinello
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michelina Soccio
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Silvia Licoccia
- University of Roma Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
One-Pot FDCA Diester Synthesis from Mucic Acid and Their Solvent-Free Regioselective Polytransesterification for Production of Glycerol-Based Furanic Polyesters. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061030. [PMID: 30875923 PMCID: PMC6471091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A one pot-two step procedure for the synthesis of diethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DEFDC) starting from mucic acid without isolation of the intermediate furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was studied. Then, the production of three different kinds of furan-based polyesters— polyethylene-2,5-furan dicarboxylate (PEF), polyhydropropyl-2,5-furan dicarboxylate(PHPF) and polydiglycerol-2,5-furandicarboxylate (PDGF)—was realized through a Co(Ac)2·4H2O catalyzed polytransesterification performed at 160 °C between DEFDC and a defined diol furan-based prepolymer or pure diglycerol. In parallel to polymerization process, an unattended regioselective 1-OH acylation of glycerol by direct microwave-heated FDCA diester transesterification led to the formation of a symmetric prepolymer ready for further polymerization and clearly identified by 2D NMR sequences. Furthermore, the synthesis of a more soluble and hydrophilic diglycerol-based furanic polyester was also achieved. The resulting biobased polymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA and XRD. The morphologies of the resulted polymers were observed by FE-SEM and the purity of the material by EDX.
Collapse
|
17
|
Aumala V, Mollerup F, Jurak E, Blume F, Karppi J, Koistinen AE, Schuiten E, Voß M, Bornscheuer U, Deska J, Master ER. Biocatalytic Production of Amino Carbohydrates through Oxidoreductase and Transaminase Cascades. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:848-857. [PMID: 30589228 PMCID: PMC6519198 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived carbohydrates are an abundant renewable resource. Transformation of carbohydrates into new products, including amine-functionalized building blocks for biomaterials applications, can lower reliance on fossil resources. Herein, biocatalytic production routes to amino carbohydrates, including oligosaccharides, are demonstrated. In each case, two-step biocatalysis was performed to functionalize d-galactose-containing carbohydrates by employing the galactose oxidase from Fusarium graminearum or a pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus bisporus followed by the ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cvi-ω-TA). Formation of 6-amino-6-deoxy-d-galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-galactose, and 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-aldo-d-galactose was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The activity of Cvi-ω-TA was highest towards 6-aldo-d-galactose, for which the highest yield of 6-amino-6-deoxy-d-galactose (67 %) was achieved in reactions permitting simultaneous oxidation of d-galactose and transamination of the resulting 6-aldo-d-galactose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ville Aumala
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Filip Mollerup
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Aquatic Biotechnology and Bioproduct EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian Blume
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Johanna Karppi
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Antti E. Koistinen
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Eva Schuiten
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Moritz Voß
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3E5Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pellis A, Hanson PA, Comerford JW, Clark JH, Farmer TJ. Enzymatic synthesis of unsaturated polyesters: functionalization and reversibility of the aza-Michael addition of pendants. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of unsaturated polyesters and the temperature-dependent reversibility of the aza-Michael addition of diethyl amine pendants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pellis
- The University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- Heslington
- UK
| | - Polly Ann Hanson
- The University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- Heslington
- UK
| | - James W. Comerford
- The University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- Heslington
- UK
| | - James H. Clark
- The University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- Heslington
- UK
| | - Thomas J. Farmer
- The University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- Heslington
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meng J, Zeng Y, Zhu G, Zhang J, Chen P, Cheng Y, Fang Z, Guo K. Sustainable bio-based furan epoxy resin with flame retardancy. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A sugar-based bis-furan diepoxide (OmbFdE) was developed which imparted epoxy resins with excellent fire retardancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- PR China
| | - Yushun Zeng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- PR China
| | - Guiqin Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- PR China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- PR China
| | - Yao Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Debuissy T, Pollet E, Avérous L. Biotic and Abiotic Synthesis of Renewable Aliphatic Polyesters from Short Building Blocks Obtained from Biotechnology. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3836-3870. [PMID: 30203918 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biobased polymers have seen their attractiveness increase in recent decades thanks to the significant development of biorefineries to allow access to a wide variety of biobased building blocks. Polyesters are one of the best examples of the development of biobased polymers because most of them now have their monomers produced from renewable resources and are biodegradable. Currently, these polyesters are mainly produced by using traditional chemical catalysts and harsh conditions, but recently greener pathways with nontoxic enzymes as biocatalysts and mild conditions have shown great potential. Bacterial polyesters, such as poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHA), are the best example of the biotic production of high molar mass polymers. PHAs display a wide variety of macromolecular architectures, which allow a large range of applications. The present contribution aims to provide an overview of recent progress in studies on biobased polyesters, especially those made from short building blocks, synthesized through step-growth polymerization. In addition, some important technical aspects of their syntheses through biotic or abiotic pathways have been detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Debuissy
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Araújo Segura TC, Pereira ED, Icart LP, Fernandes E, Esperandio de Oliveira G, Gomes de Souza F. Hyperthermic Agent Prepared by One-Pot Modification of Maghemite Using an Aliphatic Polyester Model. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090418060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Kaithal A, Hölscher M, Leitner W. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Cyclic Carbonates using Manganese Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13449-13453. [PMID: 30134081 PMCID: PMC6221167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of cyclic carbonates to diols and methanol was achieved using a molecular catalyst based on earth-abundant manganese. The complex [Mn(CO)2 (Br)[HN(C2 H4 Pi Pr2 )2 ] 1 comprising commercially available MACHO ligand is an effective pre-catalyst operating under relatively mild conditions (T=120 °C, p(H2 )=30-60 bar). Upon activation with NaOt Bu, the formation of coordinatively unsaturated complex [Mn(CO)2 [N(C2 H4 Pi Pr2 )2 )] 5 was spectroscopically verified, which confirmed a kinetically competent intermediate. With the pre-activated complex, turnover numbers up to 620 and 400 were achieved for the formation of the diol and methanol, respectively. Stoichiometric reactions under catalytically relevant conditions provide insight into the stepwise reduction form the CO2 level in carbonates to methanol as final product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kaithal
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Markus Hölscher
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim a.d. RuhrGermany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaithal A, Hölscher M, Leitner W. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Cyclic Carbonates using Manganese Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kaithal
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Markus Hölscher
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstraße 34-36 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vijjamarri S, Hull M, Kolodka E, Du G. Renewable Isohexide-Based, Hydrolytically Degradable Poly(silyl ether)s with High Thermal Stability. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2881-2888. [PMID: 29958332 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several degradable poly(silyl ether)s (PSEs) have been synthesized by dehydrogenative cross-coupling between bio-based 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols (isosorbide and isomannide) and commercially available hydrosilanes. An air-stable manganese salen nitrido complex [MnV N(salen-3,5-tBu2 )] was employed as the catalyst. High-molecular-weight polymer was obtained from isosorbide and diphenylsilane (Mn up to 17000 g mol-1 ). Thermal analysis showed that these PSEs possessed high thermal stability with thermal decomposition temperatures (T-5 % ) of 347-446 °C and glass transition temperatures of 42-120 °C. Structure-property analysis suggested that steric bulk and molecular weight have a significant influence to determine the thermal properties of synthesized polymers. Importantly, these polymers were degraded effectively to small molecules under acidic and basic hydrolysis conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Vijjamarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Marianne Hull
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Edward Kolodka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, 241 Centennial Dr. Stop 7101, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Curia S, Biundo A, Fischer I, Braunschmid V, Gübitz GM, Stanzione JF. Towards Sustainable High-Performance Thermoplastics: Synthesis, Characterization, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bisguaiacol-Based Polyesters. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2529-2539. [PMID: 29924915 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of wood-derived building blocks (xylochemicals) to replace fossil-based precursors is an attractive research subject of modern polymer science. Here, we demonstrate that bisguaiacol (BG), a lignin-derived bisphenol analogue, can be used to prepare biobased polyesters with remarkable thermal properties. BG was treated with different activated diacids to investigate the effect of co-monomer structures on the physical properties of the products. Namely, derivatives of adipic acid, succinic acid, and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid were used. Moreover, a terephthalic acid derivative was used for comparison purposes. The products were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry to assess their structural and thermal properties in detail. The polymers showed glass-transition temperatures ranging up to 160 °C and thermal stabilities in excess of 300 °C. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the polyester to enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated to assess the potential for further surface functionalization and/or recycling and biodegradation. Indeed, hydrolysis with two different enzymes from the bacteria Thermobifida cellulosilytica led to the release of monomers, as quantified by HPLC. The results of this study indicate that our new polyesters represent promising renewable and biodegradable alternatives to petroleum-based polyesters currently employed in the plastics industry, specifically for applications in which high-temperature stability is essential to ensure overall system integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Curia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Antonino Biundo
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Isabel Fischer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Verena Braunschmid
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Gübitz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph F Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Farmer TJ, Comerford JW, Pellis A, Robert T. Post-polymerization modification of bio-based polymers: maximizing the high functionality of polymers derived from biomass. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Farmer
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - James W Comerford
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - Tobias Robert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research - Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E; Braunschweig Germany
| |
Collapse
|