1
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Liu L, Ai Z, Zhang X, Tang K, Pei Y. Flexible and robust polyaniline/cross-linked collagen sponge with fibrils network structure as a piezoresistive sensing material. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135305. [PMID: 39236961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The polyaniline/cross-linked collagen sponge (PANI/CCS) was synthesized by polymerizing PANI onto the collagen skeleton using mesoscopic collagen fibrils (CFs) as building blocks, serving as a piezoresistive sensing material. The structure and morphology of PANI/CCS were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal analysis (TA). The mechanical properties of PANI/CCS could be controlled by adjusting the CFs content and polymerization conditions. PANI/CCS treated with pure water exhibited exceptional compressive elasticity under 1000 compression cycles, demonstrating a wide strain range (0-85 %), rapid response time (200 ms), recovery time (90 ms), and high sensitivity (6.72 at 40-50 % strain). The treatment of the ionic liquid further improved the elasticity and the strain sensing range (0-95 %). The presence of PANI nanoparticles and mesoscopic collagen fibrils imparted antibacterial properties, stability in solvents, and biodegradability to PANI/CCS. Utilizing PANI/CCS as a piezoresistive sensing material enabled monitoring human movement behavior through the assembled sensor, showing significant potential for flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zihao Ai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Keyong Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Pei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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2
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Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao C, Li W, Dong E, Xu M, Huang H, Yang Y, Li L, Zheng L, Mao M, Yao S, Wang L, Ma J, Wang X, Huang W. Breaking the Saturation of Sensitivity for Ultrawide Range Flexible Pressure Sensors by Soft-Strain Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405405. [PMID: 39054938 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The flexible pressure sensors with a broad pressure range and unsaturated sensitivity are highly desired in practical applications. However, pressure sensors by piezoresistive effect are always limited by the compressibility of sensing layers, resulting in a theoretically decreasing sensitivity of less than 100%. Here, a unique strategy is proposed that utilizes the strain effect, simultaneously achieving a trade-off between a wider pressure detection range and unsaturated sensitivity. Ascribed to the strain effect of sensing layers induced by interlaced microdomes, the sensors possess an increased sensitivity (5.22-70 MPa-1) over an ultrawide pressure range (45 Pa-4.1 MPa), a high-pressure resolution (5 Pa), fast response/recovery time (30/45 ms), and a robust response under a high-pressure loading of 3.5 MPa for more than 5000 cycles. These superior sensing performances allow the sensor to monitor large pressure. The flexible pressure sensor array can assist doctors in restoring the neutral mechanical axis, tracking knee flexion angles, and extracting gait features. Moreover, the flexible sensing array can be integrated into the joint motion surveillance system to map the balance medial-lateral contact forces on the metal compartments in real time, demonstrating the potential for further development into precise medical human-machine interfaces during total knee replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Complex Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Enchun Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Manzhang Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - He Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yabao Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Mao Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shuxin Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jianbing Ma
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
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Platon IV, Ghiorghita CA, Lazar MM, Aprotosoaie AC, Gradinaru AC, Nacu I, Verestiuc L, Nicolescu A, Ciocarlan N, Dinu MV. Highly Compressible, Superabsorbent, and Biocompatible Hybrid Cryogel Constructs Comprising Functionalized Chitosan and St. John's Wort Extract. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5081-5097. [PMID: 38990059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Biobased porous hydrogels enriched with phytocompounds-rich herbal extracts have aroused great interest in recent years, especially in healthcare. In this study, new macroporous hybrid cryogel constructs comprising thiourea-containing chitosan (CSTU) derivative and a Hypericum perforatum L. extract (HYPE), commonly known as St John's wort, were prepared by a facile one-pot ice-templating strategy. Benefiting from the strong interactions between the functional groups of the CSTU matrix and those of polyphenols in HYPE, the hybrid cryogels possess excellent liquid absorption capacity, mechanical resilience, antioxidant performance, and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity simultaneously. Thus, owing to their design, the hybrid constructs exhibit an interconnected porous architecture with the ability to absorb over 33 and 136 times their dry weight, respectively, when contacted with a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) and an acidic aqueous solution (pH 2). These cryogel constructs have extremely high compressive strengths ranging from 839 to 1045 kPa and withstand elevated strains of over 70% without developing fractures. Moreover, the water-swollen hybrid cryogels with the highest HYPE content revealed a complete and instant shape recovery after uniaxial compression. The incorporation of HYPE into CSTU cryogels enabled substantial improvement in scavenging reactive oxygen species and an expanded antibacterial spectrum toward multiple pathogens, including Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (Candida albicans). Cell viability experiments demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the 3D cryogel constructs, which did not induce changes in the fibroblast morphology. This work showcases a simple and effective strategy to immobilize HYPE extracts on CSTU 3D networks, allowing the development of novel multifunctional platforms with promising potential in hemostasis, wound dressing, and dermal regeneration scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Victoria Platon
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | | | - Maria Marinela Lazar
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Adina Catinca Gradinaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Isabella Nacu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Liliana Verestiuc
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Nina Ciocarlan
- Botanical Garden, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Padurii Street 18, Chisinau 2002, Republic of Moldova
| | - Maria Valentina Dinu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
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Liu C, Kelley SO, Wang Z. Self-Healing Materials for Bioelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401219. [PMID: 38844826 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Though the history of self-healing materials stretches far back to the mid-20th century, it is only in recent years where such unique classes of materials have begun to find use in bioelectronics-itself a burgeoning area of research. Inspired by the natural ability of biological tissue to self-repair, self-healing materials play a multifaceted role in the context of soft, wireless bioelectronic systems, in that they can not only serve as a protective outer shell or substrate for the internal electronic circuitry-analogous to the mechanical barrier that skin provides for the human body-but also, and most importantly, act as an active sensing safeguard against mechanical damage to preserve device functionality and enhance overall durability. This perspective presents the historical overview, general design principles, recent developments, and future outlook of self-healing materials for bioelectronic devices, which integrates topics in many research disciplines-from materials science and chemistry to electronics and bioengineering-together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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5
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Ji D, Zhu Y, Li M, Fan X, Zhang T, Li Y. Skin Comfort Sensation with Mechanical Stimulus from Electronic Skin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2920. [PMID: 38930289 PMCID: PMC11204911 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The field of electronic skin has received considerable attention due to its extensive potential applications in areas including tactile sensing and health monitoring. With the development of electronic skin devices, electronic skin can be attached to the surface of human skin for long-term health monitoring, which makes comfort an essential factor that cannot be ignored in the design of electronic skin. Therefore, this paper proposes an assessment method for evaluating the comfort of electronic skin based on neurodynamic analysis. The holistic analysis framework encompasses the mechanical model of the skin, the modified Hodgkin-Huxley model for the transduction of stimuli, and the gate control theory for the modulation and perception of pain sensation. The complete process, from mechanical stimulus to the generation of pain perception, is demonstrated. Furthermore, the influence of different factors on pain perception is investigated. Sensation and comfort diagrams are provided to assess the mechanical comfort of electronic skin. The comfort assessment method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis when assessing the comfort of electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcan Ji
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunfan Zhu
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University (BUAA), Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311115, China
| | - Xuanqing Fan
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University (BUAA), Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311115, China
| | - Taihua Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
- Aircraft and Propulsion Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University (BUAA), Ningbo 315100, China
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6
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Li H, Guo X, Zhu B. Size effect in polymeric lattice materials with size-dependent Poisson's ratio caused by Cosserat elasticity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 154:106532. [PMID: 38574437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric lattice materials with micro/nano-structures are attractive for applications in a wide range of bioengineering systems. Resent experimental results show that elastic constitutive law of polymer materials is in line with the Cosserat elasticity. In this work, a Cosserat continuum spectral element method is employed to explore the size-dependent mechanical performance of polymer polymeric lattice with horseshoe microstructures, efficiently. The mechanical performance predicted by the proposed method agrees very well with the experiment data. Our results demonstrate that size effects are significant in polymeric lattice materials. The size-dependent negative Poisson's ratio is found in the polymeric lattice materials with the same topological structure due to the size effect caused by the Cosserat elasticity of the polymer materials. It could be implied that it is possible to continuously adjust the negative Poisson's ratio of the polymeric lattice material over a wide range by only changing its microstructural size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xuewen Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- Surface Engineering Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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7
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Serantoni V, Rouby C, Heller U, Boisson J. Approximation of extracted features enabling 3D design tuning for reproducing the mechanical behaviour of biological soft tissues. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2730-2738. [PMID: 38426860 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01159c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This article describes a new method, inspired by machine learning, to mimic the mechanical behaviour of target biological soft tissues with 3D printed materials. The principle is to optimise the structure of a 3D printed composite consisting of a geometrically tunable fibre embedded in a soft matrix. Physiological features are extracted from experimental stress-strain curves of several biological soft tissues. Then, using a cubic Bézier curve as the composite inner fibre, we optimised its geometric parameters, amplitude and height, to generate a specimen that exhibits a stress-strain curve in accordance with the extracted features of tensile tests. From this first phase, we created a database of specimen geometries that can be used to reproduce a wide variety of biological soft tissues. We applied this process to two soft tissues with very different behaviours: the mandibular periosteum and the calvarial periosteum. The results show that our method can successfully reproduce the mechanical behaviour of these tissues. This highlights the versatility of this approach and demonstrates that it can be extended to mimic various biological soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Serantoni
- UME, LMI, ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 boulevard des Maréchaux, Palaiseau, 91120, France.
| | - Corinne Rouby
- UME, LMI, ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 boulevard des Maréchaux, Palaiseau, 91120, France.
| | - Ugo Heller
- APHP, Necker Enfant Malades, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean Boisson
- UME, LMI, ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 boulevard des Maréchaux, Palaiseau, 91120, France.
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Nie X, Tang Y, Wu T, Zhao X, Xu Z, Yang R, Sun Y, Wu B, Han Q, Hui J, Liu W. 3D printing sequentially strengthening high-strength natural polymer hydrogel bilayer scaffold for cornea regeneration. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae012. [PMID: 38454966 PMCID: PMC10918636 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
3D printing of high-strength natural polymer biodegradable hydrogel scaffolds simultaneously resembling the biomechanics of corneal tissue and facilitating tissue regeneration remains a huge challenge due to the inherent brittleness of natural polymer hydrogels and the demanding requirements of printing. Herein, concentrated aqueous solutions of gelatin and carbohydrazide-modified alginate (Gel/Alg-CDH) are blended to form a natural polymer hydrogel ink, where the hydrazides in Alg-CDH are found to form strong hydrogen bonds with the gelatin. The hydrogen-bonding-strengthened Gel/Alg-CDH hydrogel demonstrates an appropriate thickened viscosity and shear thinning for extrusion printing. The strong hydrogen bonds contribute to remarkably increased mechanical properties of Gel/Alg-CDH hydrogel with a maximum elongation of over 400%. In addition, sequentially Ca2+-physical crosslinking and then moderately chemical crosslinking significantly enhance the mechanical properties of Gel/Alg-CDH hydrogels that ultimately exhibit an intriguing J-shaped stress-strain curve (tensile strength of 1.068 MPa and the toughness of 677.6 kJ/m2). The dually crosslinked Gel-Alg-CDH-Ca2+-EDC hydrogels demonstrate a high transparency, physiological swelling stability and rapid enzymatic degradability, as well as suturability. The growth factor and drug-loaded biomimetic bilayer hydrogel scaffold are customized via a multi-nozzle printing system. This bioactive bilayer hydrogel scaffold considerably promotes regeneration of corneal epithelium and stroma and inhibits cornea scarring in rabbit cornea keratoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Nie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tengling Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yage Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Quanhong Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jingwen Hui
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Yu Z, Shea K, Stankovic T. The Application of a Multi-Material Flexible Chain Mail for the Design of an Artificial Spinal Disc to Reproduce Natural Nonlinear and Anisotropic Rotational Behavior. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1238-1250. [PMID: 38143713 PMCID: PMC10734901 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the potential of architected materials for achieving biomimicking functionalities and the advancement of multi-material additive manufacturing to fabricate parts with complex structures and heterogeneous material distributions, this study investigates the feasibility of using a multi-material, flexible chain mail sheet for the design of an additively manufactured artificial spinal disc for reproducing patient-specific anisotropic and nonlinear rotational behaviors. The application of a chain mail-based structure is motivated by its similarities in behaviors compared with a natural disc's fiber network that likewise has negligible bending stiffness and shape-changing ability. The proposed approach for the chain mail sheet design includes an initial characterization of the uniaxial tensile responses of the chain mail unit cell defined as the basic building block of the chain mail sheet, modeling and response calculation, and material optimization. Results show that the additively manufactured chain mail sheet is not only able to exhibit a natural strain-stiffening rotational response but also is able to reproduce natural anisotropy of three natural disc specimens in the six most common rotational scenarios in daily life. This study shows the potential of additively manufactured mechanical-metamaterials-inspired structures for implant design to restore natural mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Yu
- Engineering Design and Computing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Shea
- Engineering Design and Computing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tino Stankovic
- Engineering Design and Computing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Li ZL, Lu Q, Honiball JR, Wan SHT, Yeung KWK, Cheung KMC. Mechanical characterization and design of biomaterials for nucleus pulposus replacement and regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1888-1902. [PMID: 37555381 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials for nucleus pulposus (NP) replacement and regeneration have great potential to restore normal biomechanics in degenerated intervertebral discs following nucleotomy. Mechanical characterizations are essential for assessing the efficacy of biomaterial implants for clinical applications. While traditional compression tests are crucial to quantify various modulus values, relaxation behaviors and fatigue resistance, rheological measurements should also be conducted to investigate the viscoelastic properties, injectability, and overall stability upon deformation. To recapitulate the physiological in vivo environment, the use of spinal models is necessary to evaluate the risk of implant extrusion and the restoration of biomechanics under different loading conditions. When designing devices for NP replacement, injectable materials are ideal to fully fill the nucleus cavity and prevent implant migration. In addition to achieving biocompatibility and desirable mechanical characteristics, biomaterial implants should be optimized to avoid implant extrusion or re-herniation post-operatively. This review discusses the most commonly used testing protocols for assessing mechanical properties of biomaterial implants and serves as reference material for enabling researchers to characterize NP implants through a unified approach whereby newly developed biomaterials may be compared and contrasted to existing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Lucas Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuji Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Robert Honiball
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandra Hiu-Tung Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Wai-Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kenneth Man-Chee Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Hu Z, Lu W, Li Z, Gao N, Liu N, Li Y, He J, Gao Q, Xie Z, Li J, He Y. Gelatin-Based Metamaterial Hydrogel Films with High Conformality for Ultra-Soft Tissue Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38019305 PMCID: PMC10686972 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Implantable hydrogel-based bioelectronics (IHB) can precisely monitor human health and diagnose diseases. However, achieving biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high conformality with soft tissues poses significant challenges for IHB. Gelatin is the most suitable candidate for IHB since it is a collagen hydrolysate and a substantial part of the extracellular matrix found naturally in most tissues. This study used 3D printing ultrafine fiber networks with metamaterial design to embed into ultra-low elastic modulus hydrogel to create a novel gelatin-based conductive film (GCF) with mechanical programmability. The regulation of GCF nearly covers soft tissue mechanics, an elastic modulus from 20 to 420 kPa, and a Poisson's ratio from - 0.25 to 0.52. The negative Poisson's ratio promotes conformality with soft tissues to improve the efficiency of biological interfaces. The GCF can monitor heartbeat signals and respiratory rate by determining cardiac deformation due to its high conformability. Notably, the gelatin characteristics of the biodegradable GCF enable the sensor to monitor and support tissue restoration. The GCF metamaterial design offers a unique idea for bioelectronics to develop implantable sensors that integrate monitoring and tissue repair and a customized method for endowing implanted sensors to be highly conformal with soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihe Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiachun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Shi HH, Pan Y, Xu L, Feng X, Wang W, Potluri P, Hu L, Hasan T, Huang YYS. Sustainable electronic textiles towards scalable commercialization. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1294-1303. [PMID: 37500958 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Textiles represent a fundamental material format that is extensively integrated into our everyday lives. The quest for more versatile and body-compatible wearable electronics has led to the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles). By enhancing textiles with electronic functionalities, e-textiles define a new frontier of wearable platforms for human augmentation. To realize the transformational impact of wearable e-textiles, materials innovations can pave the way for effective user adoption and the creation of a sustainable circular economy. We propose a repair, recycle, replacement and reduction circular e-textile paradigm. We envisage a systematic design framework embodying material selection and biofabrication concepts that can unify environmental friendliness, market viability, supply-chain resilience and user experience quality. This framework establishes a set of actionable principles for the industrialization and commercialization of future sustainable e-textile products.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoTian Harvey Shi
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yifei Pan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xueming Feng
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prasad Potluri
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Peng R, Ba F, Li J, Cao J, Zhang R, Liu WQ, Ren J, Liu Y, Li J, Ling S. Embedding Living Cells with a Mechanically Reinforced and Functionally Programmable Hydrogel Fiber Platform. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305583. [PMID: 37498452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Living materials represent a new frontier in functional material design, integrating synthetic biology tools to endow materials with programmable, dynamic, and life-like characteristics. However, a major challenge in creating living materials is balancing the tradeoff between structural stability, mechanical performance, and functional programmability. To address this challenge, a sheath-core living hydrogel fiber platform that synergistically integrates living bacteria with hydrogel fibers to achieve both functional diversity and structural and mechanical robustness is proposed. In the design, microfluidic spinning is used to produce hydrogel fiber, which offers advantages in both structural and functional designability due to their hierarchical porous architectures that can be tailored and their mechanical performance that can be enhanced through a variety of post-processing approaches. By introducing living bacteria, the platform is endowed with programmable functionality and life-like capabilities. This work reconstructs the genetic circuits of living bacteria to express chromoproteins and fluorescent proteins as two prototypes that enable the coloration of living fibers and sensing water pollutants by monitoring the amount of fluorescent protein expressed. Altogether, this study establishes a structure-property-function optimized living hydrogel fiber platform, providing a new tool for accelerating the practical applications of the emerging living material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fang Ba
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, 1882 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
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14
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Monfette V, Choinière W, Godbout-Lavoie C, Pelletier S, Langelier È, Lauzon MA. Thermoelectric Freeze-Casting of Biopolymer Blends: Fabrication and Characterization of Large-Size Scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:330. [PMID: 37367294 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are detrimental to the quality of life of affected individuals. Patients are often left with life-long ailments that affect them physically and psychologically. Autologous nerve transplant is still the gold standard treatment for PNIs despite limited donor site and partial recovery of nerve functions. Nerve guidance conduits are used as a nerve graft substitute and are efficient for the repair of small nerve gaps but require further improvement for repairs exceeding 30 mm. Freeze-casting is an interesting fabrication method for the conception of scaffolds meant for nerve tissue engineering since the microstructure obtained comprises highly aligned micro-channels. The present work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of large scaffolds (35 mm length, 5 mm diameter) made of collagen/chitosan blends by freeze-casting via thermoelectric effect instead of traditional freezing solvents. As a freeze-casting microstructure reference, scaffolds made from pure collagen were used for comparison. Scaffolds were covalently crosslinked for better performance under load and laminins were further added to enhance cell interactions. Microstructural features of lamellar pores display an average aspect ratio of 0.67 ± 0.2 for all compositions. Longitudinally aligned micro-channels are reported as well as enhanced mechanical properties in traction under physiological-like conditions (37 °C, pH = 7.4) resulting from crosslinking treatment. Cell viability assays using a rat Schwann cell line derived from sciatic nerve (S16) indicate that scaffold cytocompatibility is similar between scaffolds made from collagen only and scaffolds made from collagen/chitosan blend with high collagen content. These results confirm that freeze-casting via thermoelectric effect is a reliable manufacturing strategy for the fabrication of biopolymer scaffolds for future peripheral nerve repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Monfette
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - William Choinière
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Catherine Godbout-Lavoie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Samuel Pelletier
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Ève Langelier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'ESTRIE-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
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15
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Gu J, Li F, Zhu Y, Li D, Liu X, Wu B, Wu HA, Fan X, Ji X, Chen Y, Liang J. Extremely Robust and Multifunctional Nanocomposite Fibers for Strain-Unperturbed Textile Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209527. [PMID: 36661125 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Textile electronics are needed that can achieve strain-unaltered performance when they undergo irregular and repeated strain deformation. Such strain-unaltered textile electronics require advanced fibers that simultaneously have high functionalities and extreme robustness as fabric materials. Current synthetic nanocomposite fibers based on inorganic matrix have remarkable functionalities but often suffer from low robustness and poor tolerance against crack formation. Here, we present a design for a high-performance multifunctional nanocomposite fiber that is mechanically and electrically robust, which was realized by crosslinking titanium carbide (MXene) nanosheets with a slide-ring polyrotaxane to form an internal mechanically-interlocked network. This inorganic matrix nanocomposite fiber featured distinct strain-hardening mechanical behavior and exceptional load-bearing capability (toughness approaching 60 MJ m-3 and ductility over 27%). It retained 100% of its ductility after cyclic strain loading. Moreover, the high electrical conductivity (>1.1 × 105 S m-1 ) and electrochemical performance (>360 F cm-3 ) of the nanocomposite fiber can be well retained after subjecting the fiber to extensive (>25% strain) and long-term repeated (10 000 cycles) dimensional changes. Such superior robustness allowed for the fabrication of the nanocomposite fibers into various robust wearable devices, such as textile-based electromechanical sensors with strain-unalterable sensing performance and fiber-shaped supercapacitors with invariant electrochemical performance for 10 000 strain loading cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Fengchao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yinbo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Bao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Heng-An Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang D, Xu J, Liu X, Zhang Q, Cong Q, Chen T, Liu C. Advanced Bionic Attachment Equipment Inspired by the Attachment Performance of Aquatic Organisms: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010085. [PMID: 36810416 PMCID: PMC9944885 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, aquatic organisms have evolved various attachment systems, and their attachment ability has become a specific and mysterious survival skill for them. Therefore, it is significant to study and use their unique attachment surfaces and outstanding attachment characteristics for reference and develop new attachment equipment with excellent performance. Based on this, in this review, the unique non-smooth surface morphologies of their suction cups are classified and the key roles of these special surface morphologies in the attachment process are introduced in detail. The recent research on the attachment capacity of aquatic suction cups and other related attachment studies are described. Emphatically, the research progress of advanced bionic attachment equipment and technology in recent years, including attachment robots, flexible grasping manipulators, suction cup accessories, micro-suction cup patches, etc., is summarized. Finally, the existing problems and challenges in the field of biomimetic attachment are analyzed, and the focus and direction of biomimetic attachment research in the future are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Institute of Modern Agriculture on Yellow River Delta, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongying 257300, China
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qian Cong
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Tingkun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London HA7 4LP, UK
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17
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He Y, Li Q, Chen P, Duan Q, Zhan J, Cai X, Wang L, Hou H, Qiu X. A smart adhesive Janus hydrogel for non-invasive cardiac repair and tissue adhesion prevention. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7666. [PMID: 36509756 PMCID: PMC9744843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional hydrogel with asymmetric and reversible adhesion characteristics is essential to handle the obstructions towards bioapplications of trauma removal and postoperative tissue synechia. Herein, we developed a responsively reversible and asymmetrically adhesive Janus hydrogel that enables on-demand stimuli-triggered detachment for efficient myocardial infarction (MI) repair, and synchronously prevents tissue synechia and inflammatory intrusion after surgery. In contrast with most irreversibly and hard-to-removable adhesives, this Janus hydrogel exhibited a reversible adhesion capability and can be noninvasively detached on-demand just by slight biologics. It is interesting that the adhesion behaves exhibited a molecularly encoded adhesion-adaptive stiffening feature similar to the self-protective stress-strain effect of biological tissues. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that Janus hydrogel can promote the maturation and functions of cardiomyocytes, and facilitate MI repair by reducing oxidative damage and inflammatory response, reconstructing electrical conduction and blood supply in infarcted area. Furthermore, no secondary injury and tissue synechia were triggered after transplantation of Janus hydrogel. This smart Janus hydrogel reported herein offers a potential strategy for clinically transformable cardiac patch and anti-postoperative tissue synechia barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong He
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900 People’s Republic of China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pinger Chen
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qixiang Duan
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamian Zhan
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Leyu Wang
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghao Hou
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900 People’s Republic of China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Jiang S, Liu X, Liu J, Ye D, Duan Y, Li K, Yin Z, Huang Y. Flexible Metamaterial Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200070. [PMID: 35325478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, extensive efforts have been made on utilizing advanced materials and structures to improve the properties and functionalities of flexible electronics. While the conventional ways are approaching their natural limits, a revolutionary strategy, namely metamaterials, is emerging toward engineering structural materials to break the existing fetters. Metamaterials exhibit supernatural physical behaviors, in aspects of mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustic, and electronic properties that are inaccessible in natural materials, such as tunable stiffness or Poisson's ratio, manipulating electromagnetic or elastic waves, and topological and programmable morphability. These salient merits motivate metamaterials as a brand-new research direction and have inspired extensive innovative applications in flexible electronics. Here, such a groundbreaking interdisciplinary field is first coined as "flexible metamaterial electronics," focusing on enhancing and innovating functionalities of flexible electronics via the design of metamaterials. Herein, the latest progress and trends in this infant field are reviewed while highlighting their potential value. First, a brief overview starts with introducing the combination of metamaterials and flexible electronics. Then, the developed applications are discussed, such as self-adaptive deformability, ultrahigh sensitivity, and multidisciplinary functionality, followed by the discussion of potential prospects. Finally, the challenges and opportunities facing flexible metamaterial electronics to advance this cutting-edge field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yongqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhouping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - YongAn Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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19
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Bar AJ, Mead J, Dodiuk H, Kenig S. Stretchable Conductive Tubular Composites Based on Braided Carbon Nanotube Yarns with an Elastomer Matrix. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40766-40774. [PMID: 36406545 PMCID: PMC9670722 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an innovative approach to creating stretchable conductive materials composed of a tubular shell made from braided carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) embedded in an elastomeric matrix. For stretchable electronics, both mechanical properties and electrical conductivities are of interest. Consequently, both the mechanical behavior and electrical conductivities under large deformations were investigated. A new hyperelastic composite model was developed to predict the large deformation response to applied stress for a braid in a tubular elastomer composite. The composite demonstrated a hyperelastic response due to the architecture of the braid, and the behavior was affected by the braiding angle, braid modulus, and volume fraction of fibers. The elastomer matrix was considered a neo-Hookean material and represented by the Yeoh model. An interaction parameter was proposed to account for the effect of the elastomer/braid cooperative restriction as observed in experimental and calculated results. This novel approach enabled the determination of the constitutive behavior of the composite in large deformations (>150%), taking into account the elastomer and yarn properties and braid configurations. The model exhibited good agreement with the experimental results. As the CNTYs are conductive, a stretchable conductive composite was obtained having a resistivity of 5.01 × 10-4 and 5.67 × 10-5 Ω·cm for the 1-ply and 4-ply composites, respectively. The resistivity remained constant through cyclic loading under large deformations in tension until mechanical failure. The material has potential for use in stretchable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia J. Bar
- Department
of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| | - Joey Mead
- Department
of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| | - Hanna Dodiuk
- Department
of Polymers and Plastics Engineering, Shenkar
College of Engineering and Design, Ramat-Gen52526, Israel
| | - Samuel Kenig
- Department
of Polymers and Plastics Engineering, Shenkar
College of Engineering and Design, Ramat-Gen52526, Israel
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20
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Deng B, Zareei A, Ding X, Weaver JC, Rycroft CH, Bertoldi K. Inverse Design of Mechanical Metamaterials with Target Nonlinear Response via a Neural Accelerated Evolution Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206238. [PMID: 36103610 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Materials with target nonlinear mechanical response can support the design of innovative soft robots, wearable devices, footwear, and energy-absorbing systems, yet it is challenging to realize them. Here, mechanical metamaterials based on hinged quadrilaterals are used as a platform to realize target nonlinear mechanical responses. It is first shown that by changing the shape of the quadrilaterals, the amount of internal rotations induced by the applied compression can be tuned, and a wide range of mechanical responses is achieved. Next, a neural network is introduced that provides a computationally inexpensive relationship between the parameters describing the geometry and the corresponding stress-strain response. Finally, it is shown that by combining the neural network with an evolution strategy, one can efficiently identify geometries resulting in a wide range of target nonlinear mechanical responses and design optimized energy-absorbing systems, soft robots, and morphing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Deng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ahmad Zareei
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ding
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - James C Weaver
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Chris H Rycroft
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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21
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Song E, Huang Y, Huang N, Mei Y, Yu X, Rogers JA. Recent advances in microsystem approaches for mechanical characterization of soft biological tissues. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:77. [PMID: 35812806 PMCID: PMC9262960 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microsystem technologies for evaluating the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues offer various capabilities relevant to medical research and clinical diagnosis of pathophysiologic conditions. Recent progress includes (1) the development of tissue-compliant designs that provide minimally invasive interfaces to soft, dynamic biological surfaces and (2) improvements in options for assessments of elastic moduli at spatial scales from cellular resolution to macroscopic areas and across depths from superficial levels to deep geometries. This review summarizes a collection of these technologies, with an emphasis on operational principles, fabrication methods, device designs, integration schemes, and measurement features. The core content begins with a discussion of platforms ranging from penetrating filamentary probes and shape-conformal sheets to stretchable arrays of ultrasonic transducers. Subsequent sections examine different techniques based on planar microelectromechanical system (MEMS) approaches for biocompatible interfaces to targets that span scales from individual cells to organs. One highlighted example includes miniature electromechanical devices that allow depth profiling of soft tissue biomechanics across a wide range of thicknesses. The clinical utility of these technologies is in monitoring changes in tissue properties and in targeting/identifying diseased tissues with distinct variations in modulus. The results suggest future opportunities in engineered systems for biomechanical sensing, spanning a broad scope of applications with relevance to many aspects of health care and biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Ningge Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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22
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Jen N, Bessa GM, Nicolson K, Xiao J, Nobes DS, Chung HJ. Elastomeric tubes with self-regulated distension. iScience 2022; 25:104369. [PMID: 35620432 PMCID: PMC9126797 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Compliant elastomer tubing with a fabric "jacket" has been essential in various applications as soft robotic actuators, such as in biomedical exomuscles and massage therapy implements. Here, our study shows that a similar design concept can be an effective strategy in realizing passive regulation in the tube's distension, as well as in preventing aneurysm-like asymmetric rupture of the tube. A custom hydraulic pressure testing rig was built to perform experiments. The jacketed tubes initially deform rapidly as pressure increases, but a self-regulation behavior suppresses the tube's continued distension by strain-stiffening of the "jacket". In addition, highly asymmetric distension, common to elastomeric tubes due to imperfection in fabrication, is prevented dramatically by the "jacket". A three-dimensional finite element model predicts the distension of all tested tubes quantitatively across the entire experimental pressure ranges and beyond. Incorporating custom-designed kirigami relief patterns in the "jackets" expands the potential of the elastomeric tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Jen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Guilherme M. Bessa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kaelyn Nicolson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David S. Nobes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hyun-Joong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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23
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Chen Z, Zhang T, Chen CT, Yang S, Lv Z, Cao L, Ren J, Shao Z, Jiang LB, Ling S. Mechanically and electrically biocompatible hydrogel ionotronic fibers for fabricating structurally stable implants and enabling noncontact physioelectrical modulation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1735-1749. [PMID: 35502878 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Narrowing the mechanical and electrical mismatch between tissue and implantable microelectronics is essential for reducing immune responses and modulating physioelectrical signals. Nevertheless, the design of such implantable microelectronics remains a challenge due to the limited availability of suitable materials. Here, the fabrication of an electrically and mechanically biocompatible alginate hydrogel ionotronic fiber (AHIF) is reported, which is constructed by combing ionic chelation-assisted wet-spinning and mechanical training. The synergistic effects of these two processes allow the alginate to form a highly-oriented nanofibril and molecular network, with a hierarchical structure highly similar to that of natural fibers. These favourable structural features endow AHIF with tissue-mimicking mechanical characteristics, such as self-stiffening and soft tissue-like mechanical properties. In addition, tissue-like chemical components, i.e., biomacromolecules, Ca2+ ions, and water, endow AHIF with properties including biocompatibility and tissue-matching conductivity. These advantages bring light to the application of AHIFs in electrically-conductive implantable devices. As a prototype, an AHIF is designed to perform physioelectrical modulation through noncontact electromagnetic induction. Through experimental and machine learning optimizations, physioelectrical-like signals generated by the AHIF are used to identify the geometry and tension state of the implanted device in the body. Such an intelligent AHIF system has promising application prospects in bioelectronics, IntelliSense, and human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Taiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun-Teh Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zhuochen Lv
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Leitao Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li-Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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24
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Rohullah M, Pradeep VV, Ravi J, Kumar AV, Chandrasekar R. Micromechanically-Powered Rolling Locomotion of a Twisted-Crystal Optical-Waveguide Cavity as a Mobile Light Polarization Rotor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202114. [PMID: 35278020 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate mechanically-powered rolling locomotion of a twisted-microcrystal optical-waveguide cavity on the substrate, rotating the output signal's linear-polarization. Self-assembly of (E)-2-bromo-6-(((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol produces naturally twisted microcrystals. The strain between several intergrowing, orientationally mismatched nanocrystalline fibres dictates the pitch lengths of the twisted crystals. The crystals are flexible, perpendicular to twisted (001) and (010) planes due to π⋅⋅⋅π stacking, C-H⋅⋅⋅Br, N-H⋅⋅⋅O and C-H⋅⋅⋅O interactions. The twisted crystals in their straight and bent geometries guide fluorescence along their body axes and display optical modes. Depending upon the degree of mechanical rolling locomotion, the crystal-waveguide cavity correspondingly rotates the output signal polarization. The presented twisted-crystal cavity with a combination of mechanical locomotion and photonic attributes unfolds a new dimension in mechanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rohullah
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Vuppu Vinay Pradeep
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Jada Ravi
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Avulu Vinod Kumar
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
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25
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Marion JS, Gupta N, Cheung H, Monir K, Anikeeva P, Fink Y. Thermally Drawn Highly Conductive Fibers with Controlled Elasticity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201081. [PMID: 35278246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic fabrics necessitate both electrical conductivity and, like any textile, elastic recovery. Achieving both requirements on the scale of a single fiber remains an unmet need. Here, two approaches for achieving conductive fibers (107 S m-1 ) reaching 50% elongation while maintaining minimal change in resistance (<0.5%) in embedded metallic electrodes are introduced. The first approach involves inducing a buckling instability in a metal microwire within a cavity of a thermally drawn elastomer fiber. The second approach relies on twisting an elastomer fiber to yield helical metal electrodes embedded in a stretchable yarn. The scalability of both approaches is illustrated in apparatuses for continuous buckling and twisting that yield tens of meters of elastic conducting fibers. Through experimental and analytical methods, it is elucidated how geometric parameters, such as buckling pre-strain and helical angle, as well as materials choice, control not only the fiber's elasticity but also its Young's modulus. Links between mechanical and electrical properties are exposed. The resulting fibers are used to construct elastic fabrics that contain diodes, by weaving and knitting, thus demonstrating the scalable fabrication of conformable and stretchable antennas that support optical data transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette S Marion
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Henry Cheung
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kirmina Monir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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26
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Rohullah M, Pradeep VV, Ravi J, Kumar AV, Chandrasekar R. Micromechanically‐Powered Rolling Locomotion of Twisted‐Crystal Optical‐Waveguide‐Cavity as a Mobile Light Polarization Rotor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jada Ravi
- University of Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- University of Hyderabad School of chemistry GachiBowliCentral University post 500046 Hyderabad INDIA
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27
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King WE, Bowlin GL. Near-field electrospinning of polydioxanone small diameter vascular graft scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 130:105207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Heedy S, Pineda JJ, Meli VS, Wang SW, Yee AF. Nanopillar Templating Augments the Stiffness and Strength in Biopolymer Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3311-3322. [PMID: 35080856 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural load-bearing mammalian tissues, such as cartilage and ligaments, contain ∼70% water yet can be mechanically stiff and strong due to the highly templated structures within. Here, we present a bioinspired approach to significantly stiffen and strengthen biopolymer hydrogels and films through the combination of nanoscale architecture and templated microstructure. Imprinted submicrometer pillar arrays absorb energy and deflect cracks. The produced chitosan hydrogels show nanofiber chains aligned by nanopillar topography, subsequently templating the microstructure throughout the film. These templated nanopillar chitosan hydrogels mechanically outperform unstructured flat hydrogels, with increases in the moduli of ∼160%, up to ∼20 MPa, and work at break of ∼450%, up to 8.5 MJ m-3. Furthermore, the strength at break increases by ∼350%, up to ∼37 MPa, and it is one of the strongest hydrogels yet reported. The nanopillar templating strategy is generalizable to other biopolymers capable of forming oriented domains and strong interactions. Overall, this process yields hydrogel films that demonstrate mechanical performance comparable to that of other stiff, strong hydrogels and natural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heedy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Juviarelli J Pineda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Albert F Yee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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29
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Liu J, Yao X, Wang Z, Ye J, Luan C, Fu J, He Y. A novel wavy non-uniform ligament chiral stent with J-shaped stress–strain behavior to mimic the native trachea. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Yang X, Zhang M. Review of flexible microelectromechanical system sensors and devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0004301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Menglun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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31
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Yeon H, Lee H, Kim Y, Lee D, Lee Y, Lee JS, Shin J, Choi C, Kang JH, Suh JM, Kim H, Kum HS, Lee J, Kim D, Ko K, Ma BS, Lin P, Han S, Kim S, Bae SH, Kim TS, Park MC, Joo YC, Kim E, Han J, Kim J. Long-term reliable physical health monitoring by sweat pore-inspired perforated electronic skins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg8459. [PMID: 34193431 PMCID: PMC8245037 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins)-electronic sensors mechanically compliant to human skin-have long been developed as an ideal electronic platform for noninvasive human health monitoring. For reliable physical health monitoring, the interface between the e-skin and human skin must be conformal and intact consistently. However, conventional e-skins cannot perfectly permeate sweat in normal day-to-day activities, resulting in degradation of the intimate interface over time and impeding stable physical sensing. Here, we present a sweat pore-inspired perforated e-skin that can effectively suppress sweat accumulation and allow inorganic sensors to obtain physical health information without malfunctioning. The auxetic dumbbell through-hole patterns in perforated e-skins lead to synergistic effects on physical properties including mechanical reliability, conformability, areal mass density, and adhesion to the skin. The perforated e-skin allows one to laminate onto the skin with consistent homeostasis, enabling multiple inorganic sensors on the skin to reliably monitor the wearer's health over a period of weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwool Yeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Haneol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeongin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Doyoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Youngjoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jong-Sung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiho Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chanyeol Choi
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hyun S Kum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daeyeon Kim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyul Ko
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boo Soo Ma
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sangwook Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Skincare Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Department of Dermatology, Chung Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Clinical Research Lab, Skincare Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Lin C, Liu L, Liu Y, Leng J. 4D Printing of Bioinspired Absorbable Left Atrial Appendage Occluders: A Proof-of-Concept Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12668-12678. [PMID: 33397086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The significant mismatch of mechanical properties between the implanted medical device and biological tissue is prone to cause wear and even perforation. In addition, the limited biocompatibility and nondegradability of commercial Nitinol-based occlusion devices can easily lead to other serious complications, such as allergy and corrosion. The present study aims to develop a 4D printed patient-specific absorbable left atrial appendage occluder (LAAO) that can match the deformation of left atrial appendage (LAA) tissue to reduce complications. The desirable bioinspired network is explored by iterative optimization to mimic the stress-strain curve of LAA tissue and LAAOs are designed based on the optimal network. In vitro degradation tests are carried out to evaluate the effects of degradation on mechanical properties. In addition, 48 weeks of long-term subcutaneous implantation of the occluder shows favorable biocompatibility, and the 20-cycle compression test demonstrates outstanding durability of LAAO. Besides, a rapid, complete, and remote-controlled 4D transformation process of LAAO is achieved under the trigger of the magnetic field. The deployment of the LAAO in an isolated swine heart initially exhibits its feasibility for transcatheter LAA occlusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the 4D printed LAA occlusion device. It is worth noting that the bioinspired design concept is not only applicable to occlusion devices, but also to many other implantable medical devices, which is conducive to reducing complications, and a broad range of appealing application prospects can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liwu Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, China
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Li H, Ma Y, Huang Y. Material innovation and mechanics design for substrates and encapsulation of flexible electronics: a review. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:383-400. [PMID: 34821261 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in materials and mechanics designs have led to the development of flexible electronics, which have important applications to human healthcare due to their good biocompatibility and conformal integration with biological tissue. Material innovation and mechanics design have played a key role in designing the substrates and encapsulations of flexible electronics for various bio-integrated systems. This review first introduces the inorganic materials and novel organic materials used for the substrates and encapsulation of flexible electronics, and summarizes their mechanics properties, permeability and optical transmission properties. The structural designs of the substrates are then introduced to ensure the reliability of flexible electronics, including the patterned and pre-strained designs to improve the stretchability, and the strain-isolation and -limiting substrates to reduce the deformation. Some emerging encapsulations are presented to protect the flexible electronics from degradation, environmental erosion or contamination, though they may slightly reduce the stretchability of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Martín-Cabezuelo R, Vilariño-Feltrer G, Vallés-Lluch A. Influence of pre-polymerisation atmosphere on the properties of pre- and poly(glycerol sebacate). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111429. [PMID: 33321580 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a versatile biodegradable biomaterial on account of its adjustable mechanical properties as an elastomeric polyester. Nevertheless, it has shown dissimilar results when synthesised by different research groups under equivalent synthesis conditions. This lack of reproducibility proves how crucial it is to understand the effect of the parameters involved on its manufacturing and characterize the polymer networks obtained. Several studies have been conducted in recent years to understand the role of temperature, time, and the molar ratio of its monomers, while the influence of the atmosphere applied during its pre-polymerisation remained unknown. The results obtained here allow for a better understanding about the effect of inert (Ar and N2) and oxidative (oxygen, dry air, and humid air) atmospheres on the extent of the reaction. The molecular pattern of intermediate pre-polymers and the gelation time and morphology of their corresponding cured PGS networks were studied as well. Overall, inert atmospheres promote a rather linear growth of macromers, with scarce branches, resulting in loose elastomers with long chains mainly crosslinked. Conversely, oxygen in the latter atmospheres promotes branching through secondary hydroxyl groups, leading to less-crosslinked 'defective' networks. In this way, the pre-polymerisation atmosphere could be used advantageously to adjust the reactivity of secondary hydroxyls, in order to modulate branching in the elastomeric PGS networks obtained to suit the properties required in a particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Cabezuelo
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | | | - Ana Vallés-Lluch
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
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35
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Mechanically driven strategies to improve electromechanical behaviour of printed stretchable electronic systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12037. [PMID: 32694563 PMCID: PMC7374727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable electronics promise to extend the application range of conventional electronics by enabling them to keep their electrical functionalities under system deformation. Within this framework, development of printable silver-polymer composite inks is making possible to realize several of the expected applications for stretchable electronics, which range from seamless sensors for human body measurement (e.g. health patches) to conformable injection moulded structural electronics. However, small rigid electric components are often incorporated in these devices to ensure functionality. Under mechanical loading, these rigid elements cause strain concentrations and a general deterioration of the system's electrical performance. This work focuses on different strategies to improve electromechanical performance by investigating the deformation behaviour of soft electronic systems comprising rigid devices through Finite Element analyses. Based on the deformation behaviour of a simple stretchable device under tensile loading, three general strategies were proposed: local component encapsulation, direct component shielding, and strain dispersion. The FE behaviour achieved using these strategies was then compared with the experimental results obtained for each design, highlighting the reasons for their different resistance build-up. Furthermore, crack formation in the conductive tracks was analysed under loading to highlight its link with the evolution of the system electrical performance.
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36
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Qiu W, Gurr PA, Qiao GG. Regulating Color Activation Energy of Mechanophore-Linked Multinetwork Elastomers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gurr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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37
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Gao Y, Yu L, Yeo JC, Lim CT. Flexible Hybrid Sensors for Health Monitoring: Materials and Mechanisms to Render Wearability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902133. [PMID: 31339200 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have revolutionized the way physiological parameters are sensed, detected, and monitored. In recent years, advances in flexible and stretchable hybrid electronics have created emergent properties that enhance the compliance of devices to our skin. With their unobtrusive attributes, skin conformable sensors enable applications toward real-time disease diagnosis and continuous healthcare monitoring. Herein, critical perspectives of flexible hybrid electronics toward the future of digital health monitoring are provided, emphasizing its role in physiological sensing. In particular, the strategies within the sensor composition to render flexibility and stretchability while maintaining excellent sensing performance are considered. Next, novel approaches to the functionalization of the sensor for physical or biochemical stimuli are extensively covered. Subsequently, wearable sensors measuring physical parameters such as strain, pressure, temperature, as well as biological changes in metabolites and electrolytes are reported. Finally, their implications toward early disease detection and monitoring are discussed, concluding with a future perspective into the challenges and opportunities in emerging wearable sensor designs for the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Longteng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Joo Chuan Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
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38
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Xue Z, Song H, Rogers JA, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Mechanically-Guided Structural Designs in Stretchable Inorganic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902254. [PMID: 31348578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the area of stretchable inorganic electronics has evolved very rapidly, in part because the results have opened up a series of unprecedented applications with broad interest and potential for impact, especially in bio-integrated systems. Low modulus mechanics and the ability to accommodate extreme mechanical deformations, especially high levels of stretching, represent key defining characteristics. Most existing studies exploit structural material designs to achieve these properties, through the integration of hard inorganic electronic components configured into strategic 2D/3D geometries onto patterned soft substrates. The diverse structural geometries developed for stretchable inorganic electronics are summarized, covering the designs of functional devices and soft substrates, with a focus on fundamental principles, design approaches, and system demonstrations. Strategies that allow spatial integration of 3D stretchable device layouts are also highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the remaining challenges and open opportunities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Xue
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honglie Song
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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39
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Cai S, Han Z, Liu X, Wang F, Cao Y, Wang Z, Li H, Chen Y, Feng X. Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Digital Healthcare. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902062. [PMID: 31243834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in material innovation and structural design provide routes to flexible hybrid electronics that can combine the high-performance electrical properties of conventional wafer-based electronics with the ability to be stretched, bent, and twisted to arbitrary shapes, revolutionizing the transformation of traditional healthcare to digital healthcare. Here, material innovation and structural design for the preparation of flexible hybrid electronics are reviewed, a brief chronology of these advances is given, and biomedical applications in bioelectrical monitoring and stimulation, optical monitoring and treatment, acoustic imitation and monitoring, bionic touch, and body-fluid testing are described. In conclusion, some remarks on the challenges for future research of flexible hybrid electronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Ma
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shisheng Cai
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Liu
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengle Wang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Cao
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhouheng Wang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hangfei Li
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Feng
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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40
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Liu X, Liu J, Wang J, Wang T, Jiang Y, Hu J, Liu Z, Chen X, Yu J. Bioinspired, Microstructured Silk Fibroin Adhesives for Flexible Skin Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5601-5609. [PMID: 31927972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wearable epidermal sensors are of great importance to the next generation of personalized healthcare. The adhesion between the flexible sensor and skin surface is critical for obtaining accurate, reliable, and stable signals. Herein we present a facile approach to fabricate a microstructured, natural silk fibroin protein-based adhesive for achieving highly conformal, comfortable, adjustable, and biocompatible adhesion on the skin surface. The microstructured fibroin adhesive (MSFA) exhibits reliable and stable bonding force on skin surfaces, even under humid or wet conditions, and can be easily peeled off from the skin without causing significant pain. Such an MSFA can greatly improve the sensitivity and reusability of epidermal strain sensors because of its conformal and tunable adhesion on skin surfaces. The MFSA has a great potential to be applied as a functional adhesive for various epidermal electronic sensors in the era of personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , Shanghai 201620 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing , Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way , 138632 , Singapore
| | - Jilei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Junqing Hu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen Technology University , Shenzhen 518118 , China
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing , Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way , 138632 , Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
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41
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Wang C, Yang S, Guo Q, Xu L, Xu Y, Qiu D. Wrinkled double network hydrogel via simple stretch-recovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13587-13590. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new strategy for inducing different viscoelastic behaviors inside a double network hydrogel to achieve regular wrinkles with multiple dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Shaohua Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Centre of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Qirui Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Liju Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Centre of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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42
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Liu J, Song H, Zhang Y. Toward Imperfection-Insensitive Soft Network Materials for Applications in Stretchable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36100-36109. [PMID: 31502438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of stretchable devices with mechanical responses that mimic those of biological tissues/organs is of particular importance for the long-term biointegration, as the discomfort induced by the mechanical mismatch can be minimized. Recent works have established the bioinspired designs of soft network materials that can precisely reproduce the unconventional J-shaped stress-strain curves of human skin at different regions. Existing studies mostly focused on the design, fabrication, and modeling of perfect soft network materials. When utilized as the substrates of biointegrated electronics, the soft network designs, however, often need to incorporate deterministic holes, a type of imperfection, to accommodate hard, inorganic electronic components. Understanding of the effect of hole imperfections on the mechanical properties of soft network materials is thereby essential in practical applications. This paper presents a combined experimental and computational study of the stretchability and elastic modulus of imperfect soft network materials consisting of circular holes with a variety of diameters. Both the size and location of the circular-hole imperfections are shown to have profound influences on the stretchability. Based on these results, design guidelines of imperfection-insensitive network materials are introduced. For the imperfections that result in an evident reduction of stretchability, an effective reinforcement approach is presented by enlarging the width of horseshoe microstructures at strategic locations, which can enhance the stretchability considerably. A stretchable and imperfection-insensitive integrated device with a light-emitting diode embedded in the network material serves a demonstrative application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Liu
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Honglie Song
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
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43
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Zhalmuratova D, La TG, Yu KTT, Szojka ARA, Andrews SHJ, Adesida AB, Kim CI, Nobes DS, Freed DH, Chung HJ. Mimicking "J-Shaped" and Anisotropic Stress-Strain Behavior of Human and Porcine Aorta by Fabric-Reinforced Elastomer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33323-33335. [PMID: 31464413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An ex vivo heart perfusion device preserves the donor heart in a warm beating state during transfer between extraction and implantation surgeries. One of the current challenges includes the use of rigid and noncompliant plastic tubes, which causes injuries to the heart at the junction between the tissue and the tube. The compliant and rapidly strain-stiffening mechanical property that generates a "J-shaped" stress-strain behavior is necessary for producing the Windkessel effect, which ensures continuous flow of blood through the aorta. In this study, we mimic the J-shaped and anisotropic stress-strain behavior of human aorta in synthetic elastomers to replace the problematic noncompliant plastic tube. First, we assess the mechanical properties of human (n = 1) and porcine aorta (n = 14) to quantify the nonlinear and anisotropic behavior under uniaxial tensile stress from five different regions of the aorta. Second, fabric-reinforced elastomer composites were prepared by reinforcing silicone elastomers with embedded fabrics in a trilayer geometry. The knitted structures of the fabric provide strain-stiffening as well as anisotropic mechanical properties of the resulting composite in a deterministic manner. By optimizing the combination between different elastomers and fabrics, the resulting composites matched the J-shaped and anisotropic stress-strain behavior of natural human and porcine aorta. Finally, improved analytical constitutive models based on Gent's and Mooney-Rivlin's constitutive model (to describe the elastomer matrix) combined with Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden's model (to represent the stiffer fabrics) were developed to describe the J-shaped behavior of the natural aortas and the fabric-reinforced composites. We anticipate that the suggested fabric-reinforced silicone elastomer composite design concept can be used to develop complex soft biomaterials, as well as in emerging engineering fields such as soft robotics and microfluidics, where the Windkessel effect can be useful in regulating the flow of fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander R A Szojka
- Department of Surgery , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
| | - Stephen H J Andrews
- Department of Surgery , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
| | | | | | - Darren H Freed
- Department of Surgery , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
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Yin Y, Li M, Yuan W, Chen X, Li Y. A widely adaptable analytical method for thermal analysis of flexible electronics with complex heat source structures. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20190402. [PMID: 31534432 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible electronics, as a relatively new category of device, exhibit prodigious potential in many applications, especially in bio-integrated fields. It is critical to understand that thermal management of certain kinds of exothermic flexible electronics is a crucial issue, whether to avoid or to take advantage of the excessive temperature. A widely adaptable analytical method, validated by finite-element analysis and experiments, is conducted to investigate the thermal properties of exothermic flexible electronics with a heat source in complex shape or complex array layout. The main theoretical strategy to obtain the thermal field is through an integral along the complex curve source region. The results predicted by the analytical model enable accurate control of temperature and heat flow in the flexible electronics, which may help in the design and fabrication of flexible electronic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yin
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University (BUAA), Ningbo 315832, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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45
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Zhang K, Kong S, Li Y, Lu M, Kong D. Soft elastomeric composite materials with skin-inspired mechanical properties for stretchable electronic circuits. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2709-2717. [PMID: 31334739 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00544g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The stretchable version of electronic circuits harnesses commercial chip scale components to achieve complex functionality and mechanical deformability, which represents an emerging technology to expand the application of conventional electronics on rigid wafers. The bottleneck lies in the lack of a robust approach for the collective integration of off-the-shelf components into a reliable system. In this study, an elastomeric composite material with skin-like mechanical responses and spatially heterogeneous rigidity is reported as an attractive platform for stretchable circuit systems. The approach utilizes a high modulus microstructure embedded in the matrix of a soft elastomer to achieve programmable mechanical properties, thereby offering selective strain isolation for fragile components and overall protection against excessive loads. A low cost procedure involving laser ablation and blade coating is established to create the composite material matching with the circuit design. In addition, ultrasonic atomization of liquid metal into microparticles allows flexible preparations of deformable conductors in the forms of interconnects and contacts. An LED matrix is demonstrated as a prototype circuit system with excellent durability to withstand repetitive stretching and external impacts. Stretchable circuit systems based on soft elastomeric composite materials may find potential uses in health monitoring, mechatronic prosthetics, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Shixiao Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Minghui Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Zhao Y, Kim A, Wan G, Tee BCK. Design and applications of stretchable and self-healable conductors for soft electronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31367883 PMCID: PMC6669229 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft and conformable electronics are emerging rapidly and is envisioned as the future of next-generation electronic devices where devices can be readily deployed in various environments, such as on-body, on-skin or as a biomedical implant. Modern day electronics require electrical conductors as the fundamental building block for stretchable electronic devices and systems. In this review, we will study the various strategies and methods of designing and fabricating materials which are conductive, stretchable and self-healable, and explore relevant applications such as flexible and stretchable sensors, electrodes and energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Aeree Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Guanxiang Wan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Yan Z, Pan T, Wang D, Li J, Jin L, Huang L, Jiang J, Qi Z, Zhang H, Gao M, Yang W, Lin Y. Stretchable Micromotion Sensor with Enhanced Sensitivity Using Serpentine Layout. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12261-12271. [PMID: 30807090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of the serpentine mesh layout in stretchable electronics provides a feasible method to achieve the desired stretchability by structural design instead of modifying the intrinsic mechanical properties of the applied materials. However, previous works using the serpentine layout mainly focused on the optimization of structural stretchability. In this paper, the serpentine mesh design concept is used to transform the high-performance but hard-to-stretch piezoelectric film into a stretchable form. The serpentine layout design strategies for the piezoelectric film, which aim at not only desired stretchability but also high utilization of the strain in the piezoelectric film during deformation, are discussed with experimental and computational results. A stretchable micromotion sensor with high sensitivity is realized using the piezoelectric film with a serpentine layout. Human voice recognition applications of the sensor, including speech pattern recognition with machine learning, are demonstrated with the sensor integrated with a wireless module. The stretchable micromotion sensor with a serpentine layout illustrates the broader application of serpentine layout design in the functional materials of stretchable electronics, which can further extend the range of available functional materials for novel stretchable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Hulin Zhang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information and Computer , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024 , P. R. China
| | | | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
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Costa RR, Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Bioinspired baroplastic glycosaminoglycan sealants for soft tissues. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:108-117. [PMID: 30665018 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe biomimetic adhesives inspired by the marine glues fabricated by the sandcastle worm. The formation of stable polyelectrolyte complexes between poly-L-lysine (PLL) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with different sulfation degree - heparin (HEP), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) - is optimized by zeta-potential titrations. These PLL/GAG complexes are transformed into compact polyelectrolyte complexes (coPECs) with controlled water contents and densities via baroplastic processing. Rotational shear tests demonstrate that coPECs containing sulfated GAGs (HEP or CS) have solid-like properties, whereas HA-based complexes form highly hydrated viscous-like networks. The adhesiveness of the generated coPECs (normalized lap shear strength) is tested in dry and wet states using polystyrene and rabbit skin, respectively. In dry state, the adhesives exhibit lap shear strengths in the order of hundreds of kPa, with coPLL/HEP and coPLL/CS being about 1.5 times stronger than coPLL/HA. In wet state, all coPECs seal rabbit skin and recover over 60% of the elongation capacity of intact skin with coPLL/HA providing the sturdiest adhesion (∼85% elongation recovery). We demonstrate that this is due to the higher water fraction that improves the bonding between the wet specimens, showcasing the potential superior mechanical recovery on injured tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of medical sealants with sufficient adhesive strength in the presence of water and moist remains a huge challenge. We present glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as biomaterials for the assembly of baroplastics with strong adhesive strength to soft tissues at physiological conditions. Baroplastics with tacky properties were generated by a mild assembly process based on polyelectrolyte complexation and compaction. These materials behave as versatile sealants: their adhesiveness can be adjusted to either dry or wet specimens because of the different sulfation degree of GAGs. These sealants were noncytotoxic towards L929 cells and allowed the damaged skin to recover a great deal of its native elasticity: they preserved the J-shaped stress/strain mechanical response that is typical of biological soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui R Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Cooper CB, Joshipura ID, Parekh DP, Norkett J, Mailen R, Miller VM, Genzer J, Dickey MD. Toughening stretchable fibers via serial fracturing of a metallic core. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat4600. [PMID: 30801003 PMCID: PMC6386561 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tough, biological materials (e.g., collagen or titin) protect tissues from irreversible damage caused by external loads. Mimicking these protective properties is important in packaging and in emerging applications such as durable electronic skins and soft robotics. This paper reports the formation of tough, metamaterial-like core-shell fibers that maintain stress at the fracture strength of a metal throughout the strain of an elastomer. The shell experiences localized strain enhancements that cause the higher modulus core to fracture repeatedly, increasing the energy dissipated during extension. Normally, fractures are catastrophic. However, in this architecture, the fractures are localized to the core. In addition to dissipating energy, the metallic core provides electrical conductivity and enables repair of the fractured core for repeated use. The fibers are 2.5 times tougher than titin and hold more than 15,000 times their own weight for a period 100 times longer than a hollow elastomeric fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Cooper
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ishan D. Joshipura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Dishit P. Parekh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Justin Norkett
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Russell Mailen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Victoria M. Miller
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
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Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Krishnan S, Gutruf P, Tian L, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5461-5533. [PMID: 30689360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bio-integrated wearable systems can measure a broad range of biophysical, biochemical, and environmental signals to provide critical insights into overall health status and to quantify human performance. Recent advances in material science, chemical analysis techniques, device designs, and assembly methods form the foundations for a uniquely differentiated type of wearable technology, characterized by noninvasive, intimate integration with the soft, curved, time-dynamic surfaces of the body. This review summarizes the latest advances in this emerging field of "bio-integrated" technologies in a comprehensive manner that connects fundamental developments in chemistry, material science, and engineering with sensing technologies that have the potential for widespread deployment and societal benefit in human health care. An introduction to the chemistries and materials for the active components of these systems contextualizes essential design considerations for sensors and associated platforms that appear in following sections. The subsequent content highlights the most advanced biosensors, classified according to their ability to capture biophysical, biochemical, and environmental information. Additional sections feature schemes for electrically powering these sensors and strategies for achieving fully integrated, wireless systems. The review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges and a summary of opportunities where advances in materials chemistry will be critically important for continued progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jungil Choi
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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