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Zhu L, Yang S, Xiao Z, Huang H, Yan K, Wang S. A portable Raspberry Pi-based spectrometer for on-site spectral testing. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [PMID: 37335311 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00464c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We designed a portable Raspberry Pi-based spectrometer, which mainly consists of a white LED acting as the wide-spectrum source, a reflection grating for light dispersion, and a CMOS imaging chip aiming at spectral recording. All the optical elements and Raspberry Pi were integrated using 3-D printing structures with a size of 118 mm × 92 mm × 84 mm, and home-built software was also designed for spectral recording, calibration, analysis, and display implemented with a touch LCD. Additionally, the portable Raspberry Pi-based spectrometer was equipped with an internal battery, thus supporting on-site applications. Tested by a series of verifications and applications, the portable Raspberry Pi-based spectrometer could reach a spectral resolution of 0.065 nm per pixel within the visible band and provide spectral detection with high accuracy. Therefore, it can be used for on-site spectral testing in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuit Reliability Technology and Testing System, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105 China
- OptiX+ Laboratory, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105 China
- Computational Optics Laboratory, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shuwei Yang
- School of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710125, China
- Advanced Institute of Micro-Nano Intelligent Sensing (AIMNIS), School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuit Reliability Technology and Testing System, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105 China
- OptiX+ Laboratory, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105 China
- Computational Optics Laboratory, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Huachuan Huang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Keding Yan
- Advanced Institute of Micro-Nano Intelligent Sensing (AIMNIS), School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuit Reliability Technology and Testing System, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105 China
- OptiX+ Laboratory, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105 China
- Single Molecule Nanobiology Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Tran MH, Fei B. Compact and ultracompact spectral imagers: technology and applications in biomedical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:040901. [PMID: 37035031 PMCID: PMC10075274 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.4.040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance Spectral imaging, which includes hyperspectral and multispectral imaging, can provide images in numerous wavelength bands within and beyond the visible light spectrum. Emerging technologies that enable compact, portable spectral imaging cameras can facilitate new applications in biomedical imaging. Aim With this review paper, researchers will (1) understand the technological trends of upcoming spectral cameras, (2) understand new specific applications that portable spectral imaging unlocked, and (3) evaluate proper spectral imaging systems for their specific applications. Approach We performed a comprehensive literature review in three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science). We included only fully realized systems with definable dimensions. To best accommodate many different definitions of "compact," we included a table of dimensions and weights for systems that met our definition. Results There is a wide variety of contributions from industry, academic, and hobbyist spaces. A variety of new engineering approaches, such as Fabry-Perot interferometers, spectrally resolved detector array (mosaic array), microelectro-mechanical systems, 3D printing, light-emitting diodes, and smartphones, were used in the construction of compact spectral imaging cameras. In bioimaging applications, these compact devices were used for in vivo and ex vivo diagnosis and surgical settings. Conclusions Compact and ultracompact spectral imagers are the future of spectral imaging systems. Researchers in the bioimaging fields are building systems that are low-cost, fast in acquisition time, and mobile enough to be handheld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh H. Tran
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Baowei Fei
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, Texas, United States
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Dallas, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, Texas, United States
- Address all correspondence to Baowei Fei,
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Karim K, Lamaoui A, Amine A. Paper-based optical sensors paired with smartphones for biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 225:115207. [PMID: 36584551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The traditional analytical methods used for biomedical analysis are expensive and not easy to handle and require sophisticated instruments, thus their application is limited in resource-limited settings. Due to their portability, low cost, and ability to be applied to different analytical techniques, paper-based analytical devices are becoming valuable tools for biomedical analysis. The integration of smartphones into analytical devices has provided the ability to build portable, cost-effective, straightforward analytical devices for biomedical analysis and mobile health. The key aim of this review is to emphasize the recent applications of PADs combined with a smartphone for the optical analysis of biomedical species. We started this review by highlighting the type of papers and their modifications with different materials to prepare the PADs. After that, this review presents various detection methods including colorimetry, fluorescence, and luminescence where the smartphone is used for read-out. In the end, we provided the recent applications of the analysis of different biomedical compounds such as cancer and cardiovascular biomarkers, metal ions, glucose, viruses, etc. We believe that the present review will attract a wide scientific community in the areas of analytical chemistry, sensors, and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Karim
- Laboratoire Génie des Procedés & Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Abderrahman Lamaoui
- Laboratoire Génie des Procedés & Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratoire Génie des Procedés & Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia, Morocco.
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Mattiello CJ, Stickle DF. Characterization by image analysis of the dose vs response curve for a qualitative serum hCG lateral flow immunoassay. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:175-180. [PMID: 36423702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an adjunct to verification of performance characteristics of a qualitative serum hCG lateral flow immunoassay (LFI), we performed image analysis to characterize the dose vs response curve (visibility of the test line), as a means of understanding the transition from negative to positive as a function of increasing [hCG]. METHODS Using serum samples of known [hCG], device images were obtained using a scanner at the prescribed reading time (5 min). Image analysis (using Python and R) was used to obtain the integral (S) of the test-line color as a function of [hCG]. RESULTS Data for S as a function of [hCG] were well characterized by a simple hyperbola: S = Smax [hCG]/([hCG] + K), where K = 202 mIU/ml (r = 0.997). Replicates of S at K had CV of 7.3 %. By eye, uncertainty of test results among users occurred only below the assay's stated sensitivity of 10 mIU/ml, in region of S < 3 % of Smax, and signal:noise ratio < 3. CONCLUSIONS By image analysis, the dose vs response (Test line integral) for this qualitative serum hCG LFI was a simple hyperbola. Characterization of the dose vs response curve was useful in verification of the assay's performance characteristics.
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Specification and Simplification of Analytical Methods to Determine Wine Color. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The color of wine is an important quality parameter essential for the first impression of consumers. The International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) recommends two methods to describe wine color: color calculation according to Glories and the determination of coordinates in the CIE L*a*b* color space. The measurement of wine color is often not feasible for winemakers because the required instrumentation is expensive and bulky. In this study, the influence of photometer settings on the calculated color was investigated based on 14 wines. Furthermore, the CIE L*a*b* and Glories system were compared using 56 red and 56 white wines. Photometer settings were found to influence the reproducibility of color determination. In addition, CIE L*a*b* system do not correlate in all wines with the Glories system and Glories probably provides less information about wine color. Using interpolation, CIE L*a*b* coordinates were calculated from single wavelength measurements taken by a small-sized and inexpensive portable analysis system, which could be used by winemakers in the future.
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Pioz MJ, Espinosa RL, Laguna MF, Santamaria B, Murillo AMM, Hueros ÁL, Quintero S, Tramarin L, Valle LG, Herreros P, Bellido A, Casquel R, Holgado M. A review of Optical Point-of-Care devices to Estimate the Technology Transfer of These Cutting-Edge Technologies. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121091. [PMID: 36551058 PMCID: PMC9776401 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable development related to Point-of-Care devices based on optical technology, their difficulties when used outside of research laboratories are notable. In this sense, it would be interesting to ask ourselves what the degree of transferability of the research work to the market is, for example, by analysing the relation between the scientific work developed and the registered one, through patent. In this work, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in the sector of optical Point-of-Care devices, not only in the research area but also regarding their transfer to market. To this end, we explored a methodology for searching articles and patents to obtain an indicator that relates to both. This figure of merit to estimate this transfer is based on classifying the relevant research articles in the area and the patents that have been generated from these ones. To delimit the scope of this study, we researched the results of a large enough number of publications in the period from 2015 to 2020, by using keywords "biosensor", "optic", and "device" to obtain the most representative articles from Web of Science and Scopus. Then, we classified them according to a particular classification of the optical PoC devices. Once we had this sampling frame, we defined a patent search strategy to cross-link the article with a registered patent (by surfing Google Patents) and classified them accordingly to the categories described. Finally, we proposed a relative figure called Index of Technology Transference (IoTT), which estimates to what extent our findings in science materialized in published articles are protected by patent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Pioz
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, Campus Berzosa, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío L. Espinosa
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fe Laguna
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Santamaria
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Metch, Chem & Industrial Design Engineering Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María M. Murillo
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Lavín Hueros
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Quintero
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Tramarin
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Valle
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Herreros
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Bellido
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Multiplex Molecular Diagnostics S.L. C/ Munner 10, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Casquel
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Holgado
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-Chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª _Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Di Nonno S, Ulber R. Portuino-A Novel Portable Low-Cost Arduino-Based Photo- and Fluorimeter. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7916. [PMID: 36298268 PMCID: PMC9609715 DOI: 10.3390/s22207916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel portable low-cost Arduino-controlled photo- and fluorimeter for on-site measurements has been developed. The device uses LEDs as a light source and a phototransistor as a light sensor. The circuit is based on the discharge of a capacitor with the photocurrent from the phototransistor. Validation experiments for absorbance measurements were performed by measuring protein concentration using the Bradford method and measuring phosphate ions in water using a commercial test kit. The emission light of the excited fluorescent dyes rhodamine 6G and calcofluor white was measured to validate the usability of the device as a fluorescence photometer. In all validation experiments, similar correlation coefficients and limit of detection could be achieved with the portable photo- and fluorimeter and a laboratory spectrometer and fluorimeter. Real sample analysis was performed, measuring phosphate concentration in freshwater and concentration of green fluorescent protein, extracted from Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Di Nonno
- Correspondence: (S.D.N.); (R.U.); Tel.: +49-631-205-5441 (S.D.N.); +49-631-205-4043 (R.U.)
| | - Roland Ulber
- Correspondence: (S.D.N.); (R.U.); Tel.: +49-631-205-5441 (S.D.N.); +49-631-205-4043 (R.U.)
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Tabasum H, Gill N, Mishra R, Lone S. Wearable microfluidic-based e-skin sweat sensors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8691-8707. [PMID: 35424805 PMCID: PMC8985157 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) are soft (deformable and stretchable) state-of-the-art wearable devices that emulate the attributes of human skin and act as a Human-Machine Interface (HMI). Recent advances in e-skin for real-time detection of medical signals such as pulse, temperature, electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and other bioelectric signals laid down an intelligent foundation for early prediction and diagnosis of diseases with a motive of reducing the risk of the ailment reaching to the end stage. In particular, sweat testing has been employed in diverse applications ranging from medical diagnosis of diabetes, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, blood pressure, and autonomic neuropathy to evaluating fluid and electrolyte balance in athletes. Typically, sweat testing techniques are done by trained experts and require off-body measurements, which prevent individuals from de-coding health issues quickly and independently. With the onset of soft electronics, wearable sweat sensors overcome this disadvantage via in situ sweat measurements with real-time feedback, timely diagnosis, creating the potential for preventive care and treatment. Over the past few decades, wearable microfluidic-based e-skin sweat sensors have paved a new way, promising sensing interfaces that are highly compatible with arranging medical and electronic applications. The present review highlights the recent research carried out in the microfluidic-based wearable sweat sensors with a critical focus on real-time sensing of lactate, chloride, and glucose concentration; sweat rate, simultaneously with pH, and total sweat loss for preventive care, timely diagnosis, and point-of-care health and fitness monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humairah Tabasum
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Srinagar J&K India 190006 +91-60005221589
- iDREAM (Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials), NIT Srinagar India 190006
| | - Nikita Gill
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Srinagar J&K India 190006 +91-60005221589
- iDREAM (Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials), NIT Srinagar India 190006
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Srinagar J&K India 190006 +91-60005221589
- iDREAM (Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials), NIT Srinagar India 190006
| | - Saifullah Lone
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Srinagar J&K India 190006 +91-60005221589
- iDREAM (Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials), NIT Srinagar India 190006
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Chaitavon K, Sumriddetchkajorn S, Prasertsak A, Chanhorm S, Prempree P, Intaravanne Y. Mobile-device-based two-dimensional measurement for estimating the embryo and endosperm areas of brown rice. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:E14-E20. [PMID: 35297869 DOI: 10.1364/ao.444854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rice kernel inside a hull is composed of the embryo and endosperm. The embryo or germ of the rice seed will grow and become the shoot and the root parts of a seedling, while the endosperm is an important nutrient source for the embryo in the early stages. Hence, the health of seedlings depends particularly on the sizes of the embryo and endosperm. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate how the embryo and endosperm areas of brown rice can simply be determined. Our key idea is based on the utilization of a smart mobile device equipped with our specifically designed lens module arranged in a simple cross-polarization imaging configuration for acquiring a rice grain image upon the illumination of a white light source and then spatially analyzing the sizes of embryo and endosperm areas. The prototype shows promising results in identifying the sizes of the embryo and endosperm within 2 s per seed with a measurement error of <9% compared with the use of off-the-shelf image editing software. In addition, the prototype is in a small package of 20×32.5×6.5cm3 with 4 kg weight, thus showing high potential to perform in the real scenario.
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Scheeline A. Selfie Spectrometry: Why Tablets, Laptops, and Cell Phones Have Not Taken Over Visible Spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rabha D, Biswas S, Hatiboruah D, Das P, Rather MA, Mandal M, Nath P. An affordable, handheld multimodal microscopic system with onboard cell morphology and counting features on a mobile device. Analyst 2022; 147:2859-2869. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple yet effective, handheld and flexible bright-field and fluorescence microscopic platform on a smartphone with varying optical magnifications is reported for morphological analysis and onboard cell counting features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta Rabha
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam-784028, India
| | - Sritam Biswas
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam-784028, India
| | - Diganta Hatiboruah
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam-784028, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam-784028, India
| | - Muzamil Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam-784028, India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam-784028, India
| | - Pabitra Nath
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam-784028, India
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Wang X, Chen S, Wu M, Zheng R, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Low-cost smartphone-based LIBS combined with deep learning image processing for accurate lithology recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7156-7159. [PMID: 34184021 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost and multi-channel smartphone-based spectrometer was developed for LIBS. As the CMOS detector is two-dimensional, simultaneous multichannel detection was achieved by coupling a linear array of fibres for light collection. Thus, besides the atomic information, the spectral images containing the propagation and spatial distribution characters of a laser induced plasma plume could be recorded. With these additional features, accurate rock type prediction was achieved by processing the raw data directly through a deep learning model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Research Centre of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Chen
- Research Centre of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqin Zheng
- Research Centre of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Centre of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065, P. R. China.
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13
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Ambrosi A, Bonanni A. How 3D printing can boost advances in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:265. [PMID: 34287702 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3D printing fabrication methods have received lately an enormous attention by the scientific community. Laboratories and research groups working on analytical chemistry applications, among others, have advantageously adopted 3D printing to fabricate a wide range of tools, from common laboratory hardware to fluidic systems, sample treatment platforms, sensing structures, and complete fully functional analytical devices. This technology is becoming more affordable over time and therefore preferred over the commonly used fabrication processes like hot embossing, soft lithography, injection molding and micromilling. However, to better exploit 3D printing fabrication methods, it is important to fully understand their benefits and limitations which are also directly associated to the properties of the materials used for printing. Costs, printing resolution, chemical and biological compatibility of the materials, design complexity, robustness of the printed object, and integration with commercially available systems represent important aspects to be weighted in relation to the intended task. In this review, a useful introductory summary of the most commonly used 3D printing systems and mechanisms is provided before the description of the most recent trends of the use of 3D printing for analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Concluding remarks will be also given together with a brief discussion of possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Ambrosi
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Alessandra Bonanni
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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14
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Yu X, Zhang P, He Y, Lin E, Ai H, Ramasubramanian MK, Wang Y, Xing Y, Oberholzer J. A Smartphone-Fluidic Digital Imaging Analysis System for Pancreatic Islet Mass Quantification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:692686. [PMID: 34350161 PMCID: PMC8326521 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.692686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet beta-cell viability, function, and mass are three decisive attributes that determine the efficacy of human islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Islet mass is commonly assessed manually, which often leads to error and bias. Digital imaging analysis (DIA) system has shown its potential as an alternative, but it has some associated limitations. In this study, a Smartphone-Fluidic Digital Imaging Analysis (SFDIA) System, which incorporates microfluidic techniques and Python-based video processing software, was developed for islet mass assessment. We quantified islets by tracking multiple moving islets in a microfluidic channel using the SFDIA system, and we achieved a relatively consistent result. The counts from the SFDIA and manual counting showed an average difference of 2.91 ± 1.50%. Furthermore, our software can analyze and extract key human islet mass parameters, including quantity, size, volume, IEq, morphology, and purity, which are not fully obtainable from traditional manual counting methods. Using SFDIA on a representative islet sample, we measured an average diameter of 99.88 ± 53.91 µm, an average circularity of 0.591 ± 0.133, and an average solidity of 0.853 ± 0.107. Via analysis of dithizone-stained islets using SFDIA, we found that a higher islet tissue percentage is associated with top-layer islets as opposed to middle-layer islets (0.735 ± 0.213 and 0.576 ± 0.223, respectively). Our results indicate that the SFDIA system can potentially be used as a multi-parameter islet mass assay that is superior in accuracy and consistency, when compared to conventional manual techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yi He
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Emily Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Huiwang Ai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Melur K Ramasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - José Oberholzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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15
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Abstract
During the past few decades, there has been a growing trend towards the use of smartphone-based analysis systems. This is mainly due to its ubiquity, its increasing computing capacity, its relatively low cost and the ability to acquire and process data at the same time. Furthermore, there are many sensors integrated into a smartphone, for example a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. A CMOS sensor enables optical analysis for example by using it as a colorimeter, photometer or spectrometer. This review explores the current state-of-the-art smartphone-based optical analysis systems in various areas of application. It is organized into three sections, each of which investigates one class of smartphone-based devices: (i) smartphone-based colorimeters (ii) smartphone-based photo- and spectrometers and (iii) smartphone-based fluorimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Di Nonno
- TU Kaiserslautern, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Roland Ulber
- TU Kaiserslautern, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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16
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Hussain I, Bowden AK. Smartphone-based optical spectroscopic platforms for biomedical applications: a review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1974-1998. [PMID: 33996211 PMCID: PMC8086480 DOI: 10.1364/boe.416753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in smartphone technology have enabled the integration of many optical detection techniques that leverage the embedded functional components and software platform of these sophisticated devices. Over the past few years, several research groups have developed high-resolution smartphone-based optical spectroscopic platforms and demonstrated their usability in different biomedical applications. Such platforms provide unprecedented opportunity to develop point-of-care diagnostics systems, especially for resource-constrained environments. In this review, we discuss the development of smartphone systems for optical spectroscopy and highlight current challenges and potential solutions to improve the scope for their future adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftak Hussain
- Vanderbilt University,
Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
410 24th Street South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Audrey K. Bowden
- Vanderbilt University,
Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
410 24th Street South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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17
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Zhao B, Che C, Wang W, Li N, Cunningham BT. Single-step, wash-free digital immunoassay for rapid quantitative analysis of serological antibody against SARS-CoV-2 by photonic resonator absorption microscopy. Talanta 2021; 225:122004. [PMID: 33592744 PMCID: PMC7833826 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), poses extraordinary threats and complex challenges to global public health. Quantitative measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer plays an important role in understanding the patient-to-patient variability of immune response, assessing the efficacy of vaccines, and identifying donors for blood transfusion therapy. There is an urgent and ever-increasing demand for serological COVID-19 antibody tests that are highly sensitive, quantitative, rapid, simple, minimally invasive, and inexpensive. In this work, we developed a single-step, wash-free immunoassay for rapid and highly sensitive quantitative analysis of serological human IgG against SARS-CoV-2 which requires only a single droplet of serum. By simply incubating 4 μL human serum samples with antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles, a photonic crystal optical biosensor coated with the recombinant spike protein serves as a sensing platform for the formation of sandwich immunocomplex through specific antigen-antibody interactions, upon which the detected IgG molecules can be counted with digital precision. We demonstrated a single-step 15-min assay capable of detecting as low as 100 pg mL-1 human COVID-19 IgG in serum samples. The calculated limit of detecting (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) is 26.7 ± 7.7 and 32.0 ± 8.9 pg mL-1, respectively. This work represents the first utilization of the Activate Capture + Digital Counting (AC + DC)-based immunoassay for rapid and quantitative analysis of serological COVID-19 antibody, demonstrating a route toward point-of-care testing, using a portable detection instrument. On the basis of the sandwich immunoassay principle, the biosensing platform can be extended for the multiplexed detection of antigens, additional IgGs, cytokines, and other protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Congnyu Che
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Nantao Li
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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18
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Huang W, Luo S, Yang D, Zhang S. Applications of smartphone-based near-infrared (NIR) imaging, measurement, and spectroscopy technologies to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:171-189. [PMID: 33719223 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is important in public health. With the support of smartphones, POC diagnostic technologies can be greatly improved. This opportunity has arisen from not only the large number and fast spread of cell-phones across the world but also their improved imaging/diagnostic functions. As a tool, the smartphone is regarded as part of a compact, portable, and low-cost system for real-time POC, even in areas with few resources. By combining near-infrared (NIR) imaging, measurement, and spectroscopy techniques, pathogens can be detected with high sensitivity. The whole process is rapid, accurate, and low-cost, and will set the future trend for POC diagnostics. In this review, the development of smartphone-based NIR fluorescent imaging technology was described, and the quality and potential of POC applications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shenglin Luo
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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19
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Li G, Wen D. Wearable biochemical sensors for human health monitoring: sensing materials and manufacturing technologies. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3423-3436. [PMID: 32022089 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wearable biochemical sensors are of great interest nowadays due to their powerful potential in personalized medicine and continuous monitoring of human health. Thus, a great deal of effort has been put into the development of such sensors to enable real-time and non-invasive quantification of various chemical constituents in the human body such as sweat, saliva, and tears. Owing to the advances in materials science and mechanical engineering, wearable biochemical sensors have been developed to probe various biomarkers and have been subsequently considered as wearable electronic devices for practical applications. In this review, we present a broad overview on the recent advances in electrochemical wearable sensors towards various organic components and ions closely linked to human health. With an emphasis on materials and manufacturing technologies of the sensing electrodes, the research status is summarized, and the challenges and opportunities in this growing field are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
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20
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Chen G, Chai HH, Fu JJ, Yu L, Fang C. A smartphone-supported portable micro-spectroscopy/imaging system to characterize morphology and spectra of samples at the microscale. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4166-4171. [PMID: 32785298 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00945h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A smartphone-based analysis system is favored for point-of-care testing applications. The present work proposes a novel micro-spectroscopy/imaging system comprising a portable spectrometer as an optical sensor and a compact homemade microscope to acquire the image and spectra of micron-scale regions. Protein concentration quantification based on the bicinchoninic acid method was demonstrated with the proposed micro-spectroscopy/imaging system to analyse the spectrometer signals. Morphologies of onion endothelial and human breast cancer cells, used as biological sample models, were characterized to demonstrate the microscopic imaging capacity of the device. The ability to simultaneously obtain morphological and spectral information using the proposed portable device was demonstrated by examining the 10 μm sub-pixels of a smartphone screen. These results highlight the potential for adopting a smartphone-based micro-spectroscopy/imaging system for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hui Hui Chai
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing Jing Fu
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Can Fang
- School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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21
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Sharma J, Ono T, Sandhu A. Smartphone enabled medical diagnostics by optically tracking electromagnetically induced harmonic oscillations of magnetic particles suspended in analytes. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Ju YG. Fabrication of a low-cost and high-resolution papercraft smartphone spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6552/ab6c3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Jian D, Wang B, Huang H, Meng X, Liu C, Xue L, Liu F, Wang S. Sunlight based handheld smartphone spectrometer. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111632. [PMID: 31479987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a sunlight based handheld smartphone spectrometer. The device first gathers the sunlight to pass through the sample, and then the transmitted light illuminates on a grating to generate spectrum finally recorded by the smartphone monochrome camera. All the optical elements are assembled with the smartphone to integrate a handheld device with the size of 140.2 mm × 67.4 mm × 80.5 mm. Besides, a smartphone application is also developed for automatic spectral calibration, detection, analysis and display. Compared to the white light emitting diode and the halogen lamp, the sunlight has more uniform distribution covering the entire visible spectral range; and the proposed device also avoids the bulky sizes of those broadband light sources. Additionally, the monochrome camera is used instead of the color camera not only to pursue a high spectral resolution as 0.276 nm/pixel but also to avoid the color overlapping. We demonstrate the device capability on detecting avian influenza virus H7N9 and porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies, proving the device has rather high sensitivity similar to the commercial microplate reader. Considering its advantages as compact size, high spectral resolution and detecting sensitivity, it is believed the proposed sunlight based handheld smartphone spectrometer is potential to be broadly applied in on-site detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jian
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huachuan Huang
- School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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24
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Dai B, Jiao Z, Zheng L, Bachman H, Fu Y, Wan X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Han X, Zhao C, Huang TJ, Zhuang S, Zhang D. Colour compound lenses for a portable fluorescence microscope. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:75. [PMID: 31645921 PMCID: PMC6804733 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrated a handheld smartphone fluorescence microscope (HSFM) that integrates dual-functional polymer lenses with a smartphone. The HSFM consists of a smartphone, a field-portable illumination source, and a dual-functional polymer lens that performs both optical imaging and filtering. Therefore, compared with the existing smartphone fluorescence microscope, the HSFM does not need any additional optical filters. Although fluorescence imaging has traditionally played an indispensable role in biomedical and clinical applications due to its high specificity and sensitivity for detecting cells, proteins, DNAs/RNAs, etc., the bulky elements of conventional fluorescence microscopes make them inconvenient for use in point-of-care diagnosis. The HSFM demonstrated in this article solves this problem by providing a multifunctional, miniature, small-form-factor fluorescence module. This multifunctional fluorescence module can be seamlessly attached to any smartphone camera for both bright-field and fluorescence imaging at cellular-scale resolutions without the use of additional bulky lenses/filters; in fact, the HSFM achieves magnification and light filtration using a single lens. Cell and tissue observation, cell counting, plasmid transfection evaluation, and superoxide production analysis were performed using this device. Notably, this lens system has the unique capability of functioning with numerous smartphones, irrespective of the smartphone model and the camera technology housed within each device. As such, this HSFM has the potential to pave the way for real-time point-of-care diagnosis and opens up countless possibilities for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Ziao Jiao
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27709 USA
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjun Wan
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodian Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27709 USA
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093 Shanghai, China
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25
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Neill DL, Chang YC, Chen W, Li L, Xian M. A smartphone based device for the detection of sulfane sulfurs in biological systems. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 292:263-269. [PMID: 31303694 PMCID: PMC6625781 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur species are newly recognized signaling molecules that play physiological roles in many biological events. The development of new technologies for the detection of sulfane sulfurs is important. Point-of-care (POC) devices are in-field rapid and low-cost detectors that are more convenient to use than bulky and expensive standard instruments. In this report, a new fluorescent probe (SSP5) was designed to detect sulfane sulfurs using a POC sulfane sulfur smartphone spectrum apparatus (S4A). This probe proved to be sensitive and selective for sulfane sulfur species over other biologically relevant sulfur species such as cysteine and H2S. The low-cost and compact S4A has achieved comparable performance to standard laboratory equipment in both a standard buffer system and a synthetic urine system. The proposed system (SSP5 + S4A) has the potential for high accuracy and rapid detection of sulfane sulfur species in remote and low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshka L. Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yu-Chung Chang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lei Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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26
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Burggraaff O, Schmidt N, Zamorano J, Pauly K, Pascual S, Tapia C, Spyrakos E, Snik F. Standardized spectral and radiometric calibration of consumer cameras. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19075-19101. [PMID: 31503673 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Consumer cameras, particularly onboard smartphones and UAVs, are now commonly used as scientific instruments. However, their data processing pipelines are not optimized for quantitative radiometry and their calibration is more complex than that of scientific cameras. The lack of a standardized calibration methodology limits the interoperability between devices and, in the ever-changing market, ultimately the lifespan of projects using them. We present a standardized methodology and database (SPECTACLE) for spectral and radiometric calibrations of consumer cameras, including linearity, bias variations, read-out noise, dark current, ISO speed and gain, flat-field, and RGB spectral response. This includes golden standard ground-truth methods and do-it-yourself methods suitable for non-experts. Applying this methodology to seven popular cameras, we found high linearity in RAW but not JPEG data, inter-pixel gain variations >400% correlated with large-scale bias and read-out noise patterns, non-trivial ISO speed normalization functions, flat-field correction factors varying by up to 2.79 over the field of view, and both similarities and differences in spectral response. Moreover, these results differed wildly between camera models, highlighting the importance of standardization and a centralized database.
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27
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Woodburn EV, Long KD, Cunningham BT. Analysis of Paper-Based Colorimetric Assays With a Smartphone Spectrometer. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2019; 19:508-514. [PMID: 31579394 PMCID: PMC6774390 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2018.2876631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on the adaptation of a smartphone's rear-facing camera to function as a spectrometer that measures the spectrum of light scattered by common paper-based assay test strips. We utilize a cartridge that enables a linear series of test pads in a single strip to be swiped past the read head of the instrument while the phone's camera records video. The strip is housed in a custom-fabricated cartridge that slides through the instrument to facilitate illumination with white light from the smartphone's flash LED that is directed through an optical fiber. We demonstrate the ability to detect subtle changes in the scattered spectrum that enables quantitative analysis of single-analyte and multi-analyte strips. The demonstrated capability can be applied to broad classes of paper-based assays in which visual observation of colored strips is not sufficiently quantitative, and for which analysis of red-green-blue pixel values of a camera image are not capable of measuring complex scattered spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Woodburn
- E. V. Woodburn was with the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. She is now with the Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Champaign, IL 61820 USA . K. D. Long is with the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA . B. T. Cunningham is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Kenneth D Long
- E. V. Woodburn was with the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. She is now with the Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Champaign, IL 61820 USA . K. D. Long is with the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA . B. T. Cunningham is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- E. V. Woodburn was with the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. She is now with the Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Champaign, IL 61820 USA . K. D. Long is with the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA . B. T. Cunningham is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Purr F, Eckardt MF, Kieserling J, Gronwald PL, Burg TP, Dietzel A. Robust Smartphone Assisted Biosensing Based on Asymmetric Nanofluidic Grating Interferometry. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19092065. [PMID: 31058818 PMCID: PMC6540137 DOI: 10.3390/s19092065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care systems enable fast therapy decisions on site without the need of any healthcare infrastructure. In addition to the sensitive detection, stable measurement by inexperienced persons outside of laboratory facilities is indispensable. A particular challenge in field applications is to reduce interference from environmental factors, such as temperature, to acceptable levels without sacrificing simplicity. Here, we present a smartphone-based point-of-care sensor. The method uses an optofluidic grating composed of alternating detection and reference channels arranged as a reflective phase grating. Biomolecules adsorbing to the detection channel alter the optical path length, while the parallel reference channels enable a direct common mode rejection within a single measurement. The optical setup is integrated in a compact design of a mobile readout device and the usability is ensured by a smartphone application. Our results show that different ambient temperatures do not have any influence on the signal. In a proof-of concept experiment we measured the accumulation of specific molecules in functionalized detection channels in real-time and without the need of any labeling. Therefore, the channel walls have been modified with biotin as capture molecules and the specific binding of streptavidin was detected. A mobile, reliable and robust point-of-care device has been realized by combining an inherently differential measurement concept with a smartphone-based, mobile readout device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foelke Purr
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Max-Frederik Eckardt
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jonas Kieserling
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Paul-Luis Gronwald
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas P Burg
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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O'Sullivan S, Ali Z, Jiang X, Abdolvand R, Ünlü MS, Silva HPD, Baca JT, Kim B, Scott S, Sajid MI, Moradian S, Mansoorzare H, Holzinger A. Developments in Transduction, Connectivity and AI/Machine Learning for Point-of-Care Testing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1917. [PMID: 31018573 PMCID: PMC6515310 DOI: 10.3390/s19081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review some emerging trends in transduction, connectivity and data analytics for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The patient need for POCT is described along with developments in portable diagnostics, specifically in respect of Lab-on-chip and microfluidic systems. We describe some novel electrochemical and photonic systems and the use of mobile phones in terms of hardware components and device connectivity for POCT. Developments in data analytics that are applicable for POCT are described with an overview of data structures and recent AI/Machine learning trends. The most important methodologies of machine learning, including deep learning methods, are summarised. The potential value of trends within POCT systems for clinical diagnostics within Lower Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Reza Abdolvand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Justin T Baca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Simon Scott
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Mohammed Imran Sajid
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - Sina Moradian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Hakhamanesh Mansoorzare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute for interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8074, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
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Aguirre MÁ, Long KD, Cunningham BT. Spectrometric Smartphone-Based System for Ibuprofen Quantification in Commercial Dosage Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2593-2598. [PMID: 30885661 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and portable analytical methodology has been developed for ibuprofen (IBU) quantification in commercial dosage tablets using a spectrometric smartphone-based system. The analytical methodology employs point-of-use approaches both for sample preparation and detection, demonstrating its potential utility for portable quality control of pharmaceutical products. In this work, IBU is dissolved in methanol and then treated with a Co(II) aqueous solution, forming a blue complex which is extractable by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Then, the sample's absorption spectrum is directly measured by a spectrometric smartphone-based system using cartridge made of polyoxymethylene for solvent compatibility. The main experimental factors affecting the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of Co-IBU complex were optimized using a multivariate analysis. Under optimized conditions, a working range between 20 and 80 μg mL-1 was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 for 5 calibration points. The limit of detection and limit of quantification obtained were 4 and 12 μg mL-1, respectively. The performance of the proposed methodology was evaluated in commercial tablet dosage forms, and the results demonstrate the ability of the method to determine IBU in samples representative of those used in real-world quality control applications. Recovery values between 97% and 105% were obtained, which are comparable to those obtained via standard titrimetric methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Kenneth D Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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Markwalter C, Kantor AG, Moore CP, Richardson KA, Wright DW. Inorganic Complexes and Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Infectious Disease Diagnostics. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1456-1518. [PMID: 30511833 PMCID: PMC6348445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases claim millions of lives each year. Robust and accurate diagnostics are essential tools for identifying those who are at risk and in need of treatment in low-resource settings. Inorganic complexes and metal-based nanomaterials continue to drive the development of diagnostic platforms and strategies that enable infectious disease detection in low-resource settings. In this review, we highlight works from the past 20 years in which inorganic chemistry and nanotechnology were implemented in each of the core components that make up a diagnostic test. First, we present how inorganic biomarkers and their properties are leveraged for infectious disease detection. In the following section, we detail metal-based technologies that have been employed for sample preparation and biomarker isolation from sample matrices. We then describe how inorganic- and nanomaterial-based probes have been utilized in point-of-care diagnostics for signal generation. The following section discusses instrumentation for signal readout in resource-limited settings. Next, we highlight the detection of nucleic acids at the point of care as an emerging application of inorganic chemistry. Lastly, we consider the challenges that remain for translation of the aforementioned diagnostic platforms to low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David W. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Abstract
Until very recently, handheld spectrometers were the domain of major analytical and security instrument companies, with turnkey analyzers using spectroscopic techniques from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for elemental analysis (metals), to Raman, mid-infrared, and near-infrared (NIR) for molecular analysis (mostly organics). However, the past few years have seen rapid changes in this landscape with the introduction of handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), smartphone spectroscopy focusing on medical diagnostics for low-resource areas, commercial engines that a variety of companies can build up into products, hyphenated or dual technology instruments, low-cost visible-shortwave NIR instruments selling directly to the public, and, most recently, portable hyperspectral imaging instruments. Successful handheld instruments are designed to give answers to non-scientist operators; therefore, their developers have put extensive resources into reliable identification algorithms, spectroscopic libraries or databases, and qualitative and quantitative calibrations. As spectroscopic instruments become smaller and lower cost, "engines" have emerged, leading to the possibility of being incorporated in consumer devices and smart appliances, part of the Internet of Things (IOT). This review outlines the technologies used in portable spectroscopy, discusses their applications, both qualitative and quantitative, and how instrument developers and vendors have approached giving actionable answers to non-scientists. It outlines concerns on crowdsourced data, especially for heterogeneous samples, and finally looks towards the future in areas like IOT, emerging technologies for instruments, and portable hyphenated and hyperspectral instruments.
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"The Smartphone's Guide to the Galaxy": In Situ Analysis in Space. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040096. [PMID: 30347742 PMCID: PMC6316803 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A human mission to Mars can be viewed as the apex of human technological achievement. However, to make this dream a reality several obstacles need to be overcome. One is devising practical ways to safeguard the crew health during the mission through the development of easy operable and compact sensors. Lately, several smartphone-based sensing devices (SBDs) with the purpose to enable the immediate sensitive detection of chemicals, proteins or pathogens in remote settings have emerged. In this critical review, the potential to piggyback these systems for in situ analysis in space has been investigated on application of a systematic keyword search whereby the most relevant articles were examined comprehensively and existing SBDs were divided into 4 relevant groups for the monitoring of crew health during space missions. Recently developed recognition elements (REs), which could offer the enhanced ability to tolerate those harsh conditions in space, have been reviewed with recommendations offered. In addition, the potential use of cell free synthetic biology to obtain long-term shelf-stable reagents was reviewed. Finally, a synopsis of the possibilities of combining novel SBD, RE and nanomaterials to create a compact sensor-platform ensuring adequate crew health monitoring has been provided.
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Li Z, Askim JR, Suslick KS. The Optoelectronic Nose: Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensor Arrays. Chem Rev 2018; 119:231-292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jon R. Askim
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Suslick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Aguirre MÁ, Long KD, Canals A, Cunningham BT. Point-of-use detection of ascorbic acid using a spectrometric smartphone-based system. Food Chem 2018; 272:141-147. [PMID: 30309524 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and portable analytical methodology has been developed for ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) quantification from aqueous samples using a spectrometric smartphone-based system for the first time. The method employs point-of-use approaches both for sample preparation and sample measurement, demonstrating the capability for mobile quality control of pharmaceutical and food products. Our approach utilizes an oxidation-reduction reaction between ascorbic acid and methylene blue, followed by a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) to extract the aqueous-phase methylene blue into organic media. Then, a back-extraction procedure is employed to transfer the methylene blue to aqueous media, followed by analysis of the sample's absorption spectrum using the spectrometric smartphone-based system. The DLLME and back-extraction procedures are optimized by use of a two-step multivariate optimization strategy. Finally, vitamin C supplements and orange juice are used as real-world samples to assess the applicability of the smartphone-based method, which is successfully compared with the standard laboratory-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Kenneth D Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Antonio Canals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
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37
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Ulep TH, Yoon JY. Challenges in paper-based fluorogenic optical sensing with smartphones. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:14. [PMID: 29755926 PMCID: PMC5937860 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Application of optically superior, tunable fluorescent nanotechnologies have long been demonstrated throughout many chemical and biological sensing applications. Combined with microfluidics technologies, i.e. on lab-on-a-chip platforms, such fluorescent nanotechnologies have often enabled extreme sensitivity, sometimes down to single molecule level. Within recent years there has been a peak interest in translating fluorescent nanotechnology onto paper-based platforms for chemical and biological sensing, as a simple, low-cost, disposable alternative to conventional silicone-based microfluidic substrates. On the other hand, smartphone integration as an optical detection system as well as user interface and data processing component has been widely attempted, serving as a gateway to on-board quantitative processing, enhanced mobility, and interconnectivity with informational networks. Smartphone sensing can be integrated to these paper-based fluorogenic assays towards demonstrating extreme sensitivity as well as ease-of-use and low-cost. However, with these emerging technologies there are always technical limitations that must be addressed; for example, paper's autofluorescence that perturbs fluorogenic sensing; smartphone flash's limitations in fluorescent excitation; smartphone camera's limitations in detecting narrow-band fluorescent emission, etc. In this review, physical optical setups, digital enhancement algorithms, and various fluorescent measurement techniques are discussed and pinpointed as areas of opportunities to further improve paper-based fluorogenic optical sensing with smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany-Heather Ulep
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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Li SH, Jain A, Tscharntke T, Arnold T, Trau DW. Hand-Held Photometer for Instant On-Spot Quantification of Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2564-2569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hao Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Tip Biosystems Pte Ltd, 21
Bukit Batok Crescent, Singapore, 658065, Singapore
| | - Timo Tscharntke
- Tip Biosystems Pte Ltd, 21
Bukit Batok Crescent, Singapore, 658065, Singapore
| | - Tobias Arnold
- Tip Biosystems Pte Ltd, 21
Bukit Batok Crescent, Singapore, 658065, Singapore
| | - Dieter W. Trau
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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