1
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Kurfiřt M, Hamala V, Beránek J, Červenková Šťastná L, Červený J, Dračínský M, Bernášková J, Spiwok V, Bosáková Z, Bojarová P, Karban J. Synthesis and unexpected binding of monofluorinated N,N'-diacetylchitobiose and LacdiNAc to wheat germ agglutinin. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107395. [PMID: 38705105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Fluorination of carbohydrate ligands of lectins is a useful approach to examine their binding profile, improve their metabolic stability and lipophilicity, and convert them into 19F NMR-active probes. However, monofluorination of monovalent carbohydrate ligands often leads to a decreased or completely lost affinity. By chemical glycosylation, we synthesized the full series of methyl β-glycosides of N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAcβ(1-4)GlcNAcβ1-OMe) and LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ(1-4)GlcNAcβ1-OMe) systematically monofluorinated at all hydroxyl positions. A competitive enzyme-linked lectin assay revealed that the fluorination at the 6'-position of chitobioside resulted in an unprecedented increase in affinity to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) by one order of magnitude. For the first time, we have characterized the binding profile of a previously underexplored WGA ligand LacdiNAc. Surprisingly, 4'-fluoro-LacdiNAc bound WGA even stronger than unmodified LacdiNAc. These observations were interpreted using molecular dynamic calculations along with STD and transferred NOESY NMR techniques, which gave evidence for the strengthening of CH/π interactions after deoxyfluorination of the side chain of the non-reducing GlcNAc. These results highlight the potential of fluorinated glycomimetics as high-affinity ligands of lectins and 19F NMR-active probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kurfiřt
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Hamala
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Beránek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Červenková Šťastná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, CZ-160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Bernášková
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Karban
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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2
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Wu TC, Lai CL, Sivakumar G, Huang YH, Lai CH. Synthesis of a Multifunctional Glyco-Block Copolymer through Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization and Click Chemistry for Enzyme and Drug Loading into MDA-MB-231 Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59746-59759. [PMID: 38108280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization has been used in various applications such as preparing nanoparticles, stimulus-responsive polymers, and hydrogels. In this study, the combination of this polymerization method and Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry was used to prepare the multifunctional glyco-diblock copolymer P(PEG-co-AM)-b-PF, which is composed of mannosides for cell targeting, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for biocompatibility, and aryl-aldehyde moieties for enzyme immobilization. The alkyne group in the polymer structure enables the alternation for other azide-conjugated monomers. The stepwise synthesis of the polymers was fully characterized. P(PEG-co-AM)-b-PF was self-assembled into polymeric nanoparticles (BDOX-GOx@NPs) for glucose oxidase immobilization through Schiff base formation and for encapsulating the prodrug of arylboronate-linked doxorubicin (BA-DOX) under optimal conditions. Glucose oxidase in BDOX-GOx@NPs catalyzes glucose oxidation to produce gluconic acid and H2O2, which cause oxidative stress. Glucose oxidase also consumes glucose, causing starvation in cancer cells. The produced H2O2 can selectively activate the anticancer prodrug BA-DOX for chemotherapy. In vitro data indicate that GOx and the prodrug BA-DOX present inside BDOX-GOx@NPs exhibit higher stability than free glucose oxidase with a favorable active DOX release profile. MDA-MB-231 cells, which express mannose receptors, were used to establish a model in this study. The bioactivity of the nanoplatform in the two- and three-dimensional models of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells was investigated to ascertain its antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Govindan Sivakumar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Hovorková M, Červený J, Bumba L, Pelantová H, Cvačka J, Křen V, Renaudet O, Goyard D, Bojarová P. Advanced high-affinity glycoconjugate ligands of galectins. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106279. [PMID: 36446202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are proteins of the family of human lectins. By binding terminal galactose units of cell surface glycans, they moderate biological and pathological processes such as cell signaling, cell adhesion, apoptosis, fibrosis, carcinogenesis, and metabolic disorders. The binding of monovalent glycans to galectins is usually relatively weak. Therefore, the presentation of carbohydrate ligands on multivalent scaffolds can efficiently increase and/or discriminate the affinity of the glycoconjugate to different galectins. A library of glycoclusters and glycodendrimers with various structural presentations of the common functionalized N-acetyllactosamine ligand was prepared to evaluate how the mode of presentation affects the affinity and selectivity to the two most abundant galectins, galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3). In addition, the effect of a one- to two-unit carbohydrate spacer on the affinity of the glycoconjugates was determined. A new design of the biolayer interferometry (BLI) method with specific AVI-tagged constructs was used to determine the affinity to galectins, and compared with the gold-standard method of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This study reveals new routes to low nanomolar glycoconjugate inhibitors of galectins of interest for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám, 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble-Alpes, 621, Avenue Centrale, F-38400 Saint Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - David Goyard
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble-Alpes, 621, Avenue Centrale, F-38400 Saint Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic.
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Nekvasilová P, Kulik N, Kotik M, Petrásková L, Slámová K, Křen V, Bojarová P. Mutation Hotspot for Changing the Substrate Specificity of β- N-Acetylhexosaminidase: A Library of GlcNAcases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12456. [PMID: 36293310 PMCID: PMC9604439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus (TfHex; EC 3.2.1.52) is an exo-glycosidase with dual activity for cleaving N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) units from carbohydrates. By targeting a mutation hotspot of the active site residue Glu332, we prepared a library of ten mutant variants with their substrate specificity significantly shifted towards GlcNAcase activity. Suitable mutations were identified by in silico methods. We optimized a microtiter plate screening method in the yeast Pichia pastoris expression system, which is required for the correct folding of tetrameric fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. While the wild-type TfHex is promiscuous with its GalNAcase/GlcNAcase activity ratio of 1.2, the best single mutant variant Glu332His featured an 8-fold increase in selectivity toward GlcNAc compared with the wild-type. Several prepared variants, in particular Glu332Thr TfHex, had significantly stronger transglycosylation capabilities than the wild-type, affording longer chitooligomers - they behaved like transglycosidases. This study demonstrates the potential of mutagenesis to alter the substrate specificity of glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Kotik
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
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5
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Mészáros Z, Petrásková L, Kulik N, Pelantová H, Bojarová P, Křen V, Slámová K. Hypertransglycosylating Variants of the GH20 β‐
N
‐Acetylhexosaminidase for the Synthesis of Chitooligomers. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Mészáros
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague 4 CZ 14220 Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 6 Prague 6 CZ 16000 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague 4 CZ 14220 Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Zámek 136 Nové Hrady CZ 37333 Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague 4 CZ 14220 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague 4 CZ 14220 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague 4 CZ 14220 Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague 4 CZ 14220 Czech Republic
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6
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Vrbata D, Filipová M, Tavares MR, Červený J, Vlachová M, Šírová M, Pelantová H, Petrásková L, Bumba L, Konefał R, Etrych T, Křen V, Chytil P, Bojarová P. Glycopolymers Decorated with 3- O-Substituted Thiodigalactosides as Potent Multivalent Inhibitors of Galectin-3. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3866-3878. [PMID: 35157467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) participates in many cancer-related metabolic processes. The inhibition of overexpressed Gal-3 by, e.g., β-galactoside-derived inhibitors is hence promising for cancer treatment. The multivalent presentation of such inhibitors on a suitable biocompatible carrier can enhance the overall affinity to Gal-3 and favorably modify the interaction with Gal-3-overexpressing cells. We synthesized a library of C-3 aryl-substituted thiodigalactoside inhibitors and their multivalent N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based counterparts with two different glycomimetic contents. Glycopolymers with a higher content of glycomimetic exhibited a higher affinity to Gal-3 as assessed by ELISA and biolayer interferometry. Among them, four candidates (with 4-acetophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, and thiophen-3-yl substitution) were selected for further evaluation in cancer-related experiments in cell cultures. These glycopolymers inhibited Gal-3-induced processes in cancer cells. The cyanophenyl-substituted glycopolymer exhibited the strongest antiproliferative, antimigratory, antiangiogenic, and immunoprotective properties. The prepared glycopolymers appear to be prospective modulators of the tumor microenvironment applicable in the therapy of Gal-3-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vrbata
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marina R Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Šírová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
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7
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Zhao T, Terracciano R, Becker J, Monaco A, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Hierarchy of Complex Glycomacromolecules: From Controlled Topologies to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:543-575. [PMID: 34982551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates bearing a distinct complexity use a special code (Glycocode) to communicate with carbohydrate-binding proteins at a high precision to manipulate biological activities in complex biological environments. The level of complexity in carbohydrate-containing macromolecules controls the amount and specificity of information that can be stored in biomacromolecules. Therefore, a better understanding of the glycocode is crucial to open new areas of biomedical applications by controlling or manipulating the interaction between immune cells and pathogens in terms of trafficking and signaling, which would become a powerful tool to prevent infectious diseases. Even though a certain level of progress has been achieved over the past decade, synthetic glycomacromolecules are still lagging far behind naturally existing glycans in terms of complexity and precision because of insufficient and inefficient synthetic techniques. Currently, specific targeting at a cellular level using synthetic glycomacromolecules is still challenging. It is obvious that multidisciplinary collaborations are essential between different specialized disciplines to enhance the carbohydrate receptor-targeting paradigm for new biomedical applications. In this Perspective, recent developments in the synthesis of sophisticated glycomacromolecules are highlighted, and their biological and biomedical applications are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Terracciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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8
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Mészáros Z, Nekvasilová P, Bojarová P, Křen V, Slámová K. Reprint of: Advanced glycosidases as ingenious biosynthetic instruments. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107820. [PMID: 34462167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, glycosidases, naturally hydrolyzing carbohydrate-active enzymes, have found few synthetic applications in industry, being primarily used for cleaving unwanted carbohydrates. With the establishment of glycosynthase and transglycosidase technology by genetic engineering, the view of glycosidases as industrial biotechnology tools has started to change. Their easy production, affordability, robustness, and substrate versatility, added to the possibility of controlling undesired side hydrolysis by enzyme engineering, have made glycosidases competitive synthetic tools. Current promising applications of engineered glycosidases include the production of well-defined chitooligomers, precious galactooligosaccharides or specialty chemicals such as glycosylated flavonoids. Other synthetic pathways leading to human milk oligosaccharides or remodeled antibodies are on the horizon. This work provides an overview of the synthetic achievements to date for glycosidases, emphasizing the latest trends and outlining possible developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Mészáros
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 1903/3, CZ-16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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9
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Reversible Lectin Binding to Glycan-Functionalized Graphene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136661. [PMID: 34206350 PMCID: PMC8267698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The monolayer character of two-dimensional materials predestines them for application as active layers of sensors. However, their inherent high sensitivity is always accompanied by a low selectivity. Chemical functionalization of two-dimensional materials has emerged as a promising way to overcome the selectivity issues. Here, we demonstrate efficient graphene functionalization with carbohydrate ligands—chitooligomers, which bind proteins of the lectin family with high selectivity. Successful grafting of a chitooligomer library was thoroughly characterized, and glycan binding to wheat germ agglutinin was studied by a series of methods. The results demonstrate that the protein quaternary structure remains intact after binding to the functionalized graphene, and that the lectin can be liberated from the surface by the addition of a binding competitor. The chemoenzymatic assay with a horseradish peroxidase conjugate also confirmed the intact catalytic properties of the enzyme. The present approach thus paves the way towards graphene-based sensors for carbohydrate–lectin binding.
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10
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Tavares MR, Pechar M, Chytil P, Etrych T. Polymer-Based Drug-Free Therapeutics for Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antibacterial Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100135. [PMID: 34008348 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the area of biomedicinal polymers, which serve as nanomedicines even though they do not contain any anticancer or antiinflammatory drugs. These polymer nanomedicines with unique design are in the literature highlighted as a novel class of therapeutics called "drug-free macromolecular therapeutics." Their therapeutic efficacy is based on the tailored multiple presentations of biologically active vectors, i.e., peptides, oligopeptides, or oligosaccharides. Thus, they enable, for example, to directly induce the apoptosis of malignant cells by the crosslinking of surface slowly internalizing receptors, or to deplete the efficacy of tumor-associated proteins. The precise biorecognition of natural binding motifs by multiple vectors on the polymer construct remains the crucial part in the designing of these drug-free nanomedicines. Here, the rationales, designs, synthetic approaches, and therapeutic potential of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics consisting of various active vectors are described in detail. Recent developments and achievements for namely B-cell lymphoma treatment, Gal-3-positive tumors, inflammative liver injury, and bacterial treatment are reviewed and highlighted. Finally, a possible future prospect within this highly exciting new field of nanomedicine research is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 6, 162 06, Czechia
| | - Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 6, 162 06, Czechia
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 6, 162 06, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 6, 162 06, Czechia
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11
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Mészáros Z, Nekvasilová P, Bojarová P, Křen V, Slámová K. Advanced glycosidases as ingenious biosynthetic instruments. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107733. [PMID: 33781890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, glycosidases, naturally hydrolyzing carbohydrate-active enzymes, have found few synthetic applications in industry, being primarily used for cleaving unwanted carbohydrates. With the establishment of glycosynthase and transglycosidase technology by genetic engineering, the view of glycosidases as industrial biotechnology tools has started to change. Their easy production, affordability, robustness, and substrate versatility, added to the possibility of controlling undesired side hydrolysis by enzyme engineering, have made glycosidases competitive synthetic tools. Current promising applications of engineered glycosidases include the production of well-defined chitooligomers, precious galactooligosaccharides or specialty chemicals such as glycosylated flavonoids. Other synthetic pathways leading to human milk oligosaccharides or remodeled antibodies are on the horizon. This work provides an overview of the synthetic achievements to date for glycosidases, emphasizing the latest trends and outlining possible developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Mészáros
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 1903/3, CZ-16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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12
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Filipová M, Bojarová P, Rodrigues Tavares M, Bumba L, Elling L, Chytil P, Gunár K, Křen V, Etrych T, Janoušková O. Glycopolymers for Efficient Inhibition of Galectin-3: In Vitro Proof of Efficacy Using Suppression of T Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Tumor Cell Migration. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3122-3133. [PMID: 32697592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitors draws attention in the field of anti-cancer therapy, especially due to the prominent role of extra- and intracellular Gal-3 in vital processes of cancerogenesis, such as immunosuppression, stimulation of tumor cells proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptotic resistance, and metastasis formation and progression. Here, by combining poly-LacNAc (Galβ4GlcNAc)-derived oligosaccharides with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers, we synthesized multivalent glycopolymer inhibitors with a high potential to target extracellular and intracellular Gal-3. The inhibitory capabilities of the best conjugate in the studied series were in the nanomolar range proving the excellent Gal-3 inhibitory potential. Moreover, thorough investigation of the inhibitory effect in the biological conditions showed that the glycopolymers strongly inhibited Gal-3-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes and suppressed migration and spreading of colorectal, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. In sum, the strong inhibitory activity toward Gal-3, combined with favorable pharmacokinetics of HPMA copolymers ensuring enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, nominate the glycopolymers containing LacdiNAc-LacNAc (GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcNAc) tetrasaccharide as promising tools for preclinical in anti-cancer therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná Sq. 3105, CZ-27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Gunár
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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13
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Kapešová J, Petrásková L, Kulik N, Straková Z, Bojarová P, Markošová K, Rebroš M, Křen V, Slámová K. Transglycosidase activity of glycosynthase-type mutants of a fungal GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1206-1215. [PMID: 32522540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases (CAZy GH20, EC 3.2.1.52) are exo-glycosidases specific for cleaving N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine moieties of various substrates. The β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the filamentous fungus Talaromyces flavus (TfHex), a model enzyme in this study, has a broad substrate flexibility and outstanding synthetic ability. We have designed and characterized seven glycosynthase-type variants of TfHex mutated at the catalytic aspartate residue that stabilizes the oxazoline reaction intermediate. Most of the obtained enzyme variants lost the majority of their original hydrolytic activity towards the standard substrate p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-β-GlcNAc); moreover, the mutants were not active with the proposed glycosynthase donor 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyl-α-fluoride (GlcNAc-α-F) either as would be expected in a glycosynthase. Importantly, the mutant enzymes instead retained a strong transglycosylation activity towards the standard substrate pNP-β-GlcNAc. In summary, five out of seven prepared TfHex variants bearing mutation at the catalytic Asp370 residue acted as efficient transglycosidases, which makes them excellent tools for the synthesis of chitooligosaccharides, with the advantage of processing an inexpensive, stable and commercially available pNP-β-GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kapešová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, Nové Hrady, CZ 37333, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Straková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic.; Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 6, Prague 6, CZ 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Markošová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK 81237, Slovakia
| | - Martin Rebroš
- Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK 81237, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic..
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Beyer VP, Monaco A, Napier R, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Bottlebrush Glycopolymers from 2-Oxazolines and Acrylamides for Targeting Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin and Mannose-Binding Lectin. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2298-2308. [PMID: 32320219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are omnipresent carbohydrate binding proteins that are involved in a multitude of biological processes. Unearthing their binding properties is a powerful tool toward the understanding and modification of their functions in biological applications. Herein, we present the synthesis of glycopolymers with a brush architecture via a "grafting from" methodology. The use of a versatile 2-oxazoline inimer was demonstrated to open avenues for a wide range of 2-oxazoline/acrylamide bottle brush polymers utilizing aqueous Cu-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP). The polymers in the obtained library were assessed for their thermal properties in aqueous solution and their binding toward the C-type animal lectins dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) via surface plasmon resonance spectrometry. The encapsulation properties of a hydrophobic drug-mimicking compound demonstrated the potential use of glyco brush copolymers in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin P Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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15
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Rohse P, Weickert S, Drescher M, Wittmann V. Precipitation-free high-affinity multivalent binding by inline lectin ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5227-5237. [PMID: 34122979 PMCID: PMC8159369 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent ligand-protein interactions are a key concept in biology mediating, for example, signalling and adhesion. Multivalent ligands often have tremendously increased binding affinities. However, they also can cause crosslinking of receptor molecules leading to precipitation of ligand-receptor complexes. Plaque formation due to precipitation is a known characteristic of numerous fatal diseases limiting a potential medical application of multivalent ligands with a precipitating binding mode. Here, we present a new design of high-potency multivalent ligands featuring an inline arrangement of ligand epitopes with exceptionally high binding affinities in the low nanomolar range. At the same time, we show with a multi-methodological approach that precipitation of the receptor is prevented. We distinguish distinct binding modes of the ligands, in particular we elucidate a unique chelating binding mode, where four receptor binding sites are simultaneously bridged by one multivalent ligand molecule. The new design concept of inline multivalent ligands, which we established for the well-investigated model lectin wheat germ agglutinin, has great potential for the development of high-potency multivalent inhibitors as future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rohse
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Sabrina Weickert
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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16
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Abstract
β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are retaining hydrolases of glycoside hydrolase family 20 (GH20). These enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylhexosamine residues, notably N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, in N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminides. In nature, bacterial β-N-acetylhexosaminidases are mainly involved in cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, analogously, fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidases act on cell wall chitin. The enzymes work via a distinct substrate-assisted mechanism that utilizes the 2-acetamido group as nucleophile. Curiously, the β-N-acetylhexosaminidases possess an inherent trans-glycosylation ability which is potentially useful for biocatalytic synthesis of functional carbohydrates, including biomimetic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides and other glycan-functionalized compounds. In this review, we summarize the reaction engineering approaches (donor substrate activation, additives, and reaction conditions) that have proven useful for enhancing trans-glycosylation activity of GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. We provide comprehensive overviews of reported synthesis reactions with GH20 enzymes, including tables that list the specific enzyme used, donor and acceptor substrates, reaction conditions, and details of the products and yields obtained. We also describe the active site traits and mutations that appear to favor trans-glycosylation activity of GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. Finally, we discuss novel protein engineering strategies and suggest potential “hotspots” for mutations to promote trans-glycosylation activity in GH20 for efficient synthesis of specific functional carbohydrates and other glyco-engineered products.
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17
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Tavares MR, Bláhová M, Sedláková L, Elling L, Pelantová H, Konefał R, Etrych T, Křen V, Bojarová P, Chytil P. High-Affinity N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymers with Tailored N-Acetyllactosamine Presentation Discriminate between Galectins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:641-652. [PMID: 31904940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc; Galβ4GlcNAc) is a typical disaccharide ligand of galectins. The most abundant members of these human lectins, galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3), participate in a number of pathologies including cancerogenesis and metastatic formation. In this study, we synthesized a series of fifteen N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based glycopolymers with varying LacNAc amounts and presentations and evaluated the impact of their architecture on the binding affinity to Gal-1 and Gal-3. The controlled radical reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization technique afforded linear polymer precursors with comparable molecular weight (Mn ≈ 22,000 g mol-1) and narrow dispersity (D̵ ≈ 1.1). The precursors were conjugated with the functionalized LacNAc disaccharide (4-22 mol % content in glycopolymer) prepared by enzymatic synthesis under catalysis by β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. The structure-affinity relationship study based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the type of LacNAc presentation, individual or clustered on bi- or trivalent linkers, brings a clear discrimination (almost 300-fold) between Gal-1 and Gal-3, reaching avidity to Gal-1 in the nanomolar range. Whereas Gal-1 strongly preferred a dense presentation of individually distributed LacNAc epitopes, Gal-3 preferred a clustered LacNAc presentation. Such a strong galectin preference based just on the structure of a multivalent glycopolymer type is exceptional. The prepared nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biocompatible glycopolymers are prospective for therapeutic applications requiring selectivity for one particular galectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lieselotte Sedláková
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering , RWTH Aachen , Pauwelstr. 20 , D-52079 Aachen , Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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18
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Hoffmann M, Gau E, Braun S, Pich A, Elling L. Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-(β-Galactosyl)-ethyl Methacrylate by β-Galactosidase from Pyrococcus woesei and Application for Glycopolymer Synthesis and Lectin Studies. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:974-987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hoffmann
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Gau
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Braun
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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19
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Acceptor Specificity of β- N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus: A Rational Explanation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246181. [PMID: 31817903 PMCID: PMC6940953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, though hydrolytic enzymes in vivo, are useful tools in the preparation of oligosaccharides of biological interest. The β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus is remarkable in terms of its synthetic potential, broad substrate specificity, and tolerance to substrate modifications. It can be heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris in a high yield. The mutation of the Tyr470 residue to histidine greatly enhances its transglycosylation capability. The aim of this work was to identify the structural requirements of this model β-N-acetylhexosaminidase for its transglycosylation acceptors and formulate a structure-activity relationship study. Enzymatic reactions were performed using an activated glycosyl donor, 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide or 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminide, and a panel of glycosyl acceptors of varying structural features (N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, N-acetylmuramic acid, and glucuronic acid). The transglycosylation products were isolated and structurally characterized. The C-2 N-acetamido group in the acceptor molecule was found to be essential for recognition by the enzyme. The presence of the C-2 hydroxyl moiety strongly hindered the normal course of transglycosylation, yielding unique non-reducing disaccharides in a low yield. Moreover, whereas the gluco-configuration at C-4 steered the glycosylation into the β(1-4) position, the galacto-acceptor afforded a β(1-6) glycosidic linkage. The Y470H mutant enzyme was tested with acceptors based on β-glycosides of uronic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid. With the latter acceptor, we were able to isolate and characterize one glycosylation product in a low yield. To our knowledge, this is the first example of enzymatic glycosylation of an N-acetylmuramic acid derivative. In order to explain these findings and predict enzyme behavior, a modeling study was accomplished that correlated with the acquired experimental data.
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20
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Georgiou PG, Baker AN, Richards SJ, Laezza A, Walker M, Gibson MI. "Tuning aggregative versus non-aggregative lectin binding with glycosylated nanoparticles by the nature of the polymer ligand". J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:136-145. [PMID: 31778137 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions drive a diverse range of biological signaling and recognition processes. The display of glycans in multivalent format enables their intrinsically weak binding affinity to lectins to be overcome by the cluster glycoside effect, which results in a non-linear increase in binding affinity. As many lectins have multiple binding sites, upon interaction with glycosylated nanomaterials either aggregation or surface binding without aggregation can occur. Depending on the application area, either one of these responses are desirable (or undesirable) but methods to tune the aggregation state, independently from the overall extent/affinity of binding are currently missing. Herein, we use gold nanoparticles decorated with galactose-terminated polymer ligands, obtained by photo-initiated RAFT polymerization to ensure high end-group fidelity, to show the dramatic impact on agglutination behaviour due to the chemistry of the polymer linker. Poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA)-coated gold nanoparticles, a polymer widely used as a non-ionic stabilizer, showed preference for aggregation with lectins compared to poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA)-coated nanoparticles which retained colloidal stability, across a wide range of polymer lengths and particle core sizes. Using biolayer interferometry, it was observed that both coatings gave rise to similar binding affinity and hence provided conclusive evidence that aggregation rate alone cannot be used to measure affinity between nanoparticle systems with different stabilizing linkers. This is significant, as turbidimetry is widely used to demonstrate glycomaterial activity, although this work shows the most aggregating may not be the most avid, when comparing different polymer backbones/coating. Overall, our findings underline the potential of PHPMA as the coating of choice for applications where aggregation upon lectin binding would be problematic, such as in vivo imaging or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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21
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β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases-the wizards of glycosylation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7869-7881. [PMID: 31401752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are a unique family of glycoside hydrolases with dual substrate specificity and a particular reaction mechanism. Though hydrolytic enzymes per se, their good stability, easy recombinant production, absolute stereoselectivity, and a broad substrate specificity predestine these enzymes for challenging applications in carbohydrate synthesis. This mini-review aims to demonstrate the catalytic potential of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases in a range of unusual reactions, processing of unnatural substrates, formation of unexpected products, and demanding reaction designs. The use of unconventional media can considerably alter the progress of transglycosylation reactions. By means of site-directed mutagenesis, novel catalytic machineries can be constructed. Glycosylation of difficult substrates such as sugar nucleotides was accomplished, and the range of afforded glycosidic bonds comprises unique non-reducing sugars. Specific functional groups may be tolerated in the substrate molecule, which makes β-N-acetylhexosaminidases invaluable allies in difficult synthetic problems.
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22
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Bojarová P, Kulik N, Hovorková M, Slámová K, Pelantová H, Křen V. The β- N-Acetylhexosaminidase in the Synthesis of Bioactive Glycans: Protein and Reaction Engineering. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030599. [PMID: 30743988 PMCID: PMC6384963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylhexosamine oligosaccharides terminated with GalNAc act as selective ligands of galectin-3, a biomedically important human lectin. Their synthesis can be accomplished by β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52). Advantageously, these enzymes tolerate the presence of functional groups in the substrate molecule, such as the thiourea linker useful for covalent conjugation of glycans to a multivalent carrier, affording glyconjugates. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases exhibit activity towards both N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) moieties. A point mutation of active-site amino acid Tyr into other amino acid residues, especially Phe, His, and Asn, has previously been shown to strongly suppress the hydrolytic activity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, creating enzymatic synthetic engines. In the present work, we demonstrate that Tyr470 is an important mutation hotspot for altering the ratio of GlcNAcase/GalNAcase activity, resulting in mutant enzymes with varying affinity to GlcNAc/GalNAc substrates. The enzyme selectivity may additionally be manipulated by altering the reaction medium upon changing pH or adding selected organic co-solvents. As a result, we are able to fine-tune the β-N-acetylhexosaminidase affinity and selectivity, resulting in a high-yield production of the functionalized GalNAcβ4GlcNAc disaccharide, a selective ligand of galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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Bojarová P, Kulik N, Slámová K, Hubálek M, Kotik M, Cvačka J, Pelantová H, Křen V. Selective β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus versicolor—a tool for producing bioactive carbohydrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1737-1753. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Laaf D, Bojarová P, Elling L, Křen V. Galectin-Carbohydrate Interactions in Biomedicine and Biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:402-415. [PMID: 30413271 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication events are mediated by interactions between cell-surface sugars and lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins. Galectins are β-galactosyl-binding lectins that bridge molecules by their sugar moieties, forming a signaling and adhesion network. Severe changes in glycosylation and galectin expression accompany major processes in oncogenesis, cardiovascular disorders, and other pathologies, making galectins attractive therapeutic targets. Here we discuss advanced strategies of chemo-enzymatic carbohydrate synthesis for creating lead glycomimetics and (neo-)glycoconjugates for galectin-1 and -3 targeting in biomedicine and biotechnology. We will describe the challenges and bottlenecks on the route into biomedical and biotechnological practice and present the first clinical candidates. The coming era will see an exciting translation of selective well-defined high-affinity galectin ligands from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; Equally contributing authors
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Equally contributing authors
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Bojarová P, Tavares MR, Laaf D, Bumba L, Petrásková L, Konefał R, Bláhová M, Pelantová H, Elling L, Etrych T, Chytil P, Křen V. Biocompatible glyconanomaterials based on HPMA-copolymer for specific targeting of galectin-3. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:73. [PMID: 30236114 PMCID: PMC6146777 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a promising target in cancer therapy with a high therapeutic potential due to its abundant localization within the tumor tissue and its involvement in tumor development and proliferation. Potential clinical application of Gal-3-targeted inhibitors is often complicated by their insufficient selectivity or low biocompatibility. Nanomaterials based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) nanocarrier are attractive for in vivo application due to their good water solubility and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity. Their conjugation with tailored carbohydrate ligands can yield specific glyconanomaterials applicable for targeting biomedicinally relevant lectins like Gal-3. Results In the present study we describe the synthesis and the structure-affinity relationship study of novel Gal-3-targeted glyconanomaterials, based on hydrophilic HPMA nanocarriers. HPMA nanocarriers decorated with varying amounts of Gal-3 specific epitope GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc) were analyzed in a competitive ELISA-type assay and their binding kinetics was described by surface plasmon resonance. We showed the impact of various linker types and epitope distribution on the binding affinity to Gal-3. The synthesis of specific functionalized LacdiNAc epitopes was accomplished under the catalysis by mutant β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. The glycans were conjugated to statistic HPMA copolymer precursors through diverse linkers in a defined pattern and density using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. The resulting water-soluble and structurally flexible synthetic glyconanomaterials exhibited affinity to Gal-3 in low μM range. Conclusions The results of this study reveal the relation between the linker structure, glycan distribution and the affinity of the glycopolymer nanomaterial to Gal-3. They pave the way to specific biomedicinal glyconanomaterials that target Gal-3 as a therapeutic goal in cancerogenesis and other disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0399-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - M R Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - D Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - L Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - R Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - M Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - L Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - P Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - V Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Gormley AJ, Yeow J, Ng G, Conway Ó, Boyer C, Chapman R. An Oxygen-Tolerant PET-RAFT Polymerization for Screening Structure-Activity Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1557-1562. [PMID: 29316089 PMCID: PMC9641662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of polymer-protein interactions makes rational design of the best polymer architecture for any given biointerface extremely challenging, and the high throughput synthesis and screening of polymers has emerged as an attractive alternative. A porphyrin-catalysed photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerisation was adapted to enable high throughput synthesis of complex polymer architectures in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on low-volume well plates in the presence of air. The polymerisation system shows remarkable oxygen tolerance, and excellent control of functional 3- and 4-arm star polymers. We then apply this method to investigate the effect of polymer structure on protein binding, in this case to the lectin concanavalin A (ConA). Such an approach could be applied to screen the structure-activity relationships for any number of polymer-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Órla Conway
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Robert Chapman
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
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27
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Bumba L, Laaf D, Spiwok V, Elling L, Křen V, Bojarová P. Poly-N-Acetyllactosamine Neo-Glycoproteins as Nanomolar Ligands of Human Galectin-3: Binding Kinetics and Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020372. [PMID: 29373511 PMCID: PMC5855594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is recognized as a prognostic marker in several cancer types. Its involvement in tumor development and proliferation makes this lectin a promising target for early cancer diagnosis and anti-cancer therapies. Gal-3 recognizes poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-based carbohydrate motifs of glycoproteins and glycolipids with a high specificity for internal LacNAc epitopes. This study analyzes the mode and kinetics of binding of Gal-3 to a series of multivalent neo-glycoproteins presenting complex poly-LacNAc-based oligosaccharide ligands on a scaffold of bovine serum albumin. These neo-glycoproteins rank among the strongest Gal-3 ligands reported, with Kd reaching sub-nanomolar values as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Significant differences in the binding kinetics were observed within the ligand series, showing the tetrasaccharide capped with N,N'-diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) as the strongest ligand of Gal-3 in this study. A molecular model of the Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain with docked oligosaccharide ligands is presented that shows the relations in the binding site at the molecular level. The neo-glycoproteins presented herein may be applied for selective recognition of Gal-3 both on the cell surface and in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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28
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Gormley AJ, Yeow J, Ng G, Conway Ó, Boyer C, Chapman R. An Oxygen‐Tolerant PET‐RAFT Polymerization for Screening Structure–Activity Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Órla Conway
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Australia
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Bartneck M, Schlößer CT, Barz M, Zentel R, Trautwein C, Lammers T, Tacke F. Immunomodulatory Therapy of Inflammatory Liver Disease Using Selectin-Binding Glycopolymers. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9689-9700. [PMID: 28829572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have the potential to significantly advance treatment of inflammatory disease and cancer, which are in large part driven by immune cells. Selectins control the first step in immune cell adhesion and extravasation, thereby guiding leukocyte trafficking to tissue lesions. We analyzed four different highly specific selectin-binding glycopolymers, based on linear poly(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide (PHPMA) polymers. These glycopolymers contain either the tetrasaccharide sialyl-LewisX (SLeX) or the individual carbohydrates fucose, galactose, and sialic acids mimicking the complex SLeX binding motive. The glycopolymers strongly bind to primary human macrophages, without activating them, and also to primary human blood leukocytes, but poorly to fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro. After intravenous injection in mice, all glycopolymers accumulated in the liver without causing hepatotoxicity. The glycosylated binder most potently targeted resident hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) and protected mice from acute toxic liver injury in the two different experimental models, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or Concanavalin A (ConA)-based hepatitis. Its sulfated counterpart, on the other hand, induced a decrease in infiltrating and resident macrophages, increased T helper cells, and aggravated immune-mediated liver injury. We demonstrate that, in the context of selectin-binding glycopolymers, minor modifications strongly impact leukocyte influx and macrophage activation, thereby ameliorating or aggravating liver inflammation depending on the underlying immunopathology. The nonsulfated random glycopolymer is a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disease. The modulation of hepatic immune cells by selectin-binding glycopolymers might breach the immunosuppressive hepatic microenvironment and could improve efficacy of immunotherapies for inflammatory disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Barz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , 55122 Mainz, Germany
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Fan F, Cai C, Gao L, Li J, Zhang P, Li G, Li C, Yu G. Microwave-assisted synthesis of glycopolymers by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in an emulsion system. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined glycopolymers fabricated by microwave-accelerated emulsion polymerization offer promising prospects for deciphering glycan-dependent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
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