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Basak S, Chatterjee R, Bandyopadhyay A. Beyond Traditional Stimuli: Exploring Salt-Responsive Bottlebrush Polymers-Trends, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33365-33385. [PMID: 39130571 PMCID: PMC11308035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers represent an important class of high-density side-chain-grafted polymers traditionally with high molecular weights, in which one or more polymeric side chains are tethered to each repeating unit of a linear polymer backbone, such that these macromolecules look like "bottlebrushes". The arrangement of molecular brushes is determined by side chains located at a distance considerably smaller than their unperturbed dimensions, leading to substantial monomer congestion and entropically unfavorable extension of both the backbone and the side chains. Traditionally, the conformation and physical properties of polymers are influenced by external stimuli such as solvent, temperature, pH, and light. However, a unique stimulus, salt, has recently gained attention as a means to induce shape changes in these molecular brushes. While the stimulus has been less researched to date, we see that these systems, when stimulated with salts, have the potential to be used in various engineering applications. This potential stems from the unique properties and behaviors these systems show when exposed to different salts, which could lead to new solutions and improvements in engineering processes, thus serving as the primary motivation for this narrative, as we aim to explore and highlight the various ways these systems can be utilized and the benefits they could bring to the field of engineering. This Review aims to introduce the concept of stimuli-responsive bottlebrush polymers, explore the evolutionary trajectory, delve into current trends in salt-responsive bottlebrush polymers, and elucidate how these polymers are addressing a variety of engineering challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Basak
- Department of Polymer Science
and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700 009, West
Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Chatterjee
- Department of Polymer Science
and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700 009, West
Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science
and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700 009, West
Bengal, India
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2
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Kelly MT, Zhao B. Worm-globule transition of amphiphilic pH-responsive heterografted bottlebrushes at air-water interface. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1224-1235. [PMID: 38230501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heterografted molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) with side chains composed of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA, pKa = 7.4) have been shown to be efficient, robust, and responsive emulsifiers. However, it remains unknown how they respond to external stimuli at interfaces. In this work, the shape-changing behavior of six hetero- and homografted MBBs at air-water interfaces in response to pH changes and lateral compression was investigated using a Langmuir-Blodgett trough and atomic force microscopy. At a surface pressure of 0.5 mN m-1, PDEAEMA-containing MBBs showed no worm-globule transitions when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 10.0, at which PDEAEMA becomes insoluble in water. Upon lateral compression at pH 4.0, MBBs with a mole fraction of PDEAEMA side chains (xPDEAEMA) < 0.50 underwent pronounced worm-globule shape transitions; there was an increasing tendency for bottlebrushes to become connected with increasing xPDEAEMA. At xPDEAEMA = 0.76, the molecules remained wormlike even at high compression. These observations were presumably caused by the increased electrostatic repulsion between protonated PDEAEMA side chains in the subphase with increasing xPDEAEMA, hindering the shape change. At pH 10.0, MBBs with xPDEAEMA < 0.50 showed a lower tendency to change their wormlike morphologies upon compression than at pH 4.0. No shape transition was observed when xPDEAEMA > 0.50, attributed to the relatively high affinity toward water and the rigidity of PDEAEMA. This study revealed the shape-changing behavior of amphiphilic pH-responsive MBBs at air-water interfaces, which could be useful for future design of multicomponent MBBs for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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3
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Wang C, Zhao H. Polymer Brushes and Surface Nanostructures: Molecular Design, Precise Synthesis, and Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2439-2464. [PMID: 38279930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
For over two decades, polymer brushes have found wide applications in industry and scientific research. Now, polymer brush research has been a significant research focus in the community of polymer science. In this review paper, we give an introduction to the synthesis, self-assembly, and applications of one-dimensional (1D) polymer brushes on polymer backbones, two-dimensional (2D) polymer brushes on flat surfaces, and three-dimensional (3D) polymer brushes on spherical particles. Examples of the synthesis of polymer brushes on different substrates are provided. Studies on the formation of the surface nanostructures on solid surfaces are also reviewed in this article. Multicomponent polymer brushes on solid surfaces are able to self-assemble into surface micelles (s-micelles). If the s-micelles are linked to the substrates through cleavable linkages, the s-micelles can be cleaved from the substrates, and the cleaved s-micelles are able to self-assemble into hierarchical structures. The formation of the surface nanostructures by coassembly of polymer brushes and "free" polymer chains (coassembly approach) or polymerization-induced surface self-assembly approach, is discussed. The applications of the polymer brushes in colloid and biomedical science are summarized. Finally, perspectives on the development of polymer brushes are offered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Kelly MT, Chen Z, Russell TP, Zhao B. Amphiphilic Heterografted Molecular Bottlebrushes with Tertiary Amine-Containing Side Chains as Efficient and Robust pH-Responsive Emulsifiers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315424. [PMID: 37956395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
By combining the unique characteristics of molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) and the properties of stimuli-responsive polymers, we show that MBBs with randomly grafted poly(n-butyl acrylate) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) side chains are efficient and robust pH-responsive emulsifiers. Water-in-toluene emulsions were formed at pH 4.0 and disrupted by increasing the pH to 10.0. The emulsion generation and disruption was reversible over the ten cycles investigated, and the bottlebrushes remained intact. The exceptional emulsion stability stemmed from the high interfacial binding energy of MBBs, imparted by their large molecular size and Janus architecture at the interface, as evidenced by the interfacial jamming and wrinkling of the assemblies upon reducing the interfacial area. At pH 10.0, PDEAEMA became water-insoluble, and the MBBs desorbed from the interface, causing de-emulsification. Consequently, we have shown that the judicious design of MBBs can generate properties of particle emulsifiers from their large size, while the responsiveness of the MBBs enables more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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5
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Resendiz-Lara DA, Azhdari S, Gojzewski H, Gröschel AH, Wurm FR. Water-soluble polyphosphonate-based bottlebrush copolymers via aqueous ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11273-11282. [PMID: 37860667 PMCID: PMC10583743 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a versatile method for synthesizing complex macromolecules from various functional monomers. In this work, we report the synthesis of water-soluble and degradable bottlebrush polymers, based on polyphosphoesters (PPEs) via ROMP. First, PPE-macromonomers were synthesized via organocatalytic anionic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane using N-(hydroxyethyl)-cis-5-norbornene-exo-2,3-dicarboximide as the initiator and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as the catalyst. The resulting norbornene-based macromonomers had degrees of polymerization (DPn) ranging from 25 to 243 and narrow molar mass dispersity (Đ ≤ 1.10). Subsequently, these macromonomers were used in ROMP with the Grubbs 3rd-generation bispyridyl complex (Ru-G3) to produce a library of well-defined bottlebrush polymers. The ROMP was carried out either in dioxane or in aqueous conditions, resulting in well-defined and water-soluble bottlebrush PPEs. Furthermore, a two-step protocol was employed to synthesize double hydrophilic diblock bottlebrush copolymers via ROMP in water at neutral pH-values. This general protocol enabled the direct combination of PPEs with ROMP to synthesize well-defined bottlebrush polymers and block copolymers in water. Degradation of the PPE side chains was proven resulting in low molar mass degradation products only. The biocompatible and biodegradable nature of PPEs makes this pathway promising for designing novel biomedical drug carriers or viscosity modifiers, as well as many other potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Resendiz-Lara
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Suna Azhdari
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Physical Chemistry, University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Hubert Gojzewski
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andre H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry, University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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Wang Z, Lin X, Tang Y, Miao D, Huang J, Lu Y, Liu S, Fu R, Wu D. Facile and Universal Defect Engineering Toward Highly Stable Carbon-Based Polymer Brushes with High Grafting Density. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207821. [PMID: 36807771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based polymer brushes (CBPBs) are an important class of functional polymer materials, which synergistically combine the advantageous properties of both carbons and polymers. However, the conventional fabrication procedures of CBPBs involve tedious multistep modification, including preoxidation of carbon substrates, introduction of initiating groups, and subsequent graft polymerization. In this study, a simple yet versatile defect-engineering strategy is proposed for the efficient synthesis of high-grafting-density CBPBs with highly stable CC linkages via free radical polymerization. This strategy involves the introduction and removal of nitrogen heteroatoms in the carbon skeletons via a simple temperature-Fmed heat treatment, leading to the formation of numerous carbon defects (e.g., pentagons, heptagons, and octagons) with reactive C=C bonds in the carbon substrates. The as-proposed methodology enables the facile fabrication of CBPBs with various carbon substrates and polymers. More importantly, the highly grafted polymer chains in the resulting CBPBs are tethered with the carbon skeletons by robust CC bonds, which can endure strong acid and alkali environments. These interesting findings will shed new light on the well-orchestrated design of CBPBs and broaden their applications in various areas with fascinating performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Wang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xidong Lin
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Youchen Tang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongtian Miao
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Huang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Liu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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7
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Kelly MT, Kent EW, Zhao B. Stepwise Conformational Transitions of Stimuli-Responsive Linear Ternary Heterografted Bottlebrush Polymers in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ethan W. Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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Hu B, Carrillo JM, Collins L, Silmore KS, Keum J, Bonnesen PV, Wang Y, Retterer S, Kumar R, Lokitz BS. Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymers from Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate)-block-Poly(Vinyldimethylazlactone) Backbones. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Liam Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kevin S. Silmore
- Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jong Keum
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Scott Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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9
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Yin L, Liu L, Zhang N. Brush-like polymers: design, synthesis and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10484-10499. [PMID: 34550120 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of controlled polymerisation, almost all polymerisation strategies have been successfully transplanted to surface-initiated polymerisation. The resulting polymer brushes have emerged as an effective tool for surface functionalization and modulation of the surface properties of materials. To meet various demands it is possible to tailor a material surface with polymer brushes that have diverse dimensionalities, morphologies and compositions. The crowded environment within polymer brushes as well as the stretched conformation of polymer chains sometimes provide unique physicochemical properties, which lead to the delicate creation of inorganic-organic hybridised nanostructures, anti-fouling coatings, biomedical carriers, and materials for use in lubrication, photonics and energy storage. So far, challenges remain in the high-precision synthesis and topological control needed to realize extended applications of polymer brushes. In this Feature Article, we highlight the topology, potential application prospects and various synthetic protocols, particularly for recently established methods, for the efficient synthesis of polymer brushes, as well as their benefits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
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10
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Lewoczko EM, Kelly MT, Kent EW, Zhao B. Effects of temperature on chaotropic anion-induced shape transitions of star molecular bottlebrushes with heterografted poly(ethylene oxide) and poly( N, N-dialkylaminoethyl methacrylate) side chains in acidic water. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6566-6579. [PMID: 34151928 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a study of the effects of temperature on chaotropic anion (CA)-induced star-globule shape transitions in acidic water of three-arm star bottlebrushes composed of heterografted poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and either poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) or poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) (the brushes denoted as SMB-11 and -22, respectively). The brush polymers were synthesized by grafting alkyne-end-functionalized PEO and PDMAEMA or PDEAEMA onto an azide-bearing three-arm star backbone polymer using the copper(i)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. Six anions were studied for their effects on the conformations of SMB-11 and -22 in acidic water: super CAs [Fe(CN)6]3- and [Fe(CN)6]4-, moderate CAs PF6- and ClO4-, weak CA I-, and for comparison, kosmotropic anion SO42-. At 25 °C, the addition of super and moderate CAs induced shape transitions of SMB-11 and -22 in pH 4.50 water from a starlike to a collapsed globular state stabilized by PEO side chains, which was driven by the ion pairing of protonated tertiary amine groups with CAs and the chaotropic effect. The shape changes occurred at much lower salt concentrations for super CAs than moderate CAs. Upon heating from near room temperature to 70 °C, the super CA-collapsed brushes remained in the globular state, whereas the moderate CA-collapsed brushes underwent reversible globule-to-star shape transitions. The transition temperature increased with increasing salt concentration and was found to be higher for SMB-22 at the same salt concentration, presumably caused by the chaotropic effect. In contrast, I- and SO42- had small effects on the conformations of SMB-11 and -22 at 25 °C in the studied salt concentration range, and only small and gradual size variations were observed upon heating to 70 °C. The results reported here may have potential uses in the design of stimuli-responsive systems for substance encapsulation and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Lewoczko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Ethan W Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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Fang R, Pi J, Wei T, Ali A, Guo L. Stimulus-Responsive Polymers Based on Polypeptoid Skeletons. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2089. [PMID: 34202869 PMCID: PMC8271857 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids have attracted a lot of atteSDntion because of their unique structural characteristics and special properties. Polypeptoids have the same main chain structures to polypeptides, making them have low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Polypeptoids can also respond to external environmental changes by modifying the configurations of the side chains. The external stimuli can be heat, pH, ions, ultraviolet/visible light and active oxygen or their combinations. This review paper discussed the recent research progress in the field of stimulus-responsive polypeptoids, including the design of new stimulus-responsive polypeptoid structures, controlled actuation factors in response to external stimuli and the application of responsive polypeptoid biomaterials in various biomedical and biological nanotechnology, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amjad Ali
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (R.F.); (J.P.); (T.W.)
| | - Li Guo
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (R.F.); (J.P.); (T.W.)
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Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs), composed of relatively short polymeric side chains densely grafted on a polymer backbone, exhibit many unique characteristics and hold promise for a variety of applications. This Perspective focuses on environmentally induced shape-changing behavior of BBPs at interface and in solution, particularly worm/star-globule shape transitions. While BBPs with a single type of homopolymer or random copolymer side chains have been shown to undergo pronounced worm-to-globule shape changes in response to external stimuli, the collapsed brushes are unstable and prone to aggregation. By introducing a second, solvophilic polymer into the side chains, either as a distinct type of side chain or as the outer block of block copolymer side chains, the collapsed brushes not only are stabilized but also create unimolecular micellar nanostructures, which can be used for, e.g., encapsulation and delivery of substances. The current challenges in the design, synthesis, and characterization of stimuli-responsive shape-changing BBPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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13
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14
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Schoppa T, Jung D, Rust T, Mulac D, Kuckling D, Langer K. Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal based polyester as drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120326. [PMID: 33540003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although nanoparticles (NPs) bear a great potential in tumour therapy, just a few nanosized drug delivery systems are commercially available. Besides their advantages like passive drug targeting and stable embedment of lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients, targeted drug release is a major challenge for a safe therapy. While drug release of commonly used materials depends on physiological factors, nanoparticles prepared by using stimuli responsive polymers offer a promising approach. External irradiation of light-sensitive nanoparticles enables local drug release, resulting in selective accumulation and consequently more effective treatment with less side effects. In this study light-responsive nanoparticles based on a new innovative light-responsive polyester (Nip-SLrPE) combined with poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared and examined for their physicochemical characteristics and light-triggered properties. As model drug the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorine (mTHPC) was incorporated and light-depending drug release was investigated. Furthermore, cytotoxic potential of selected formulations for PDT and intracellular accumulation of mTHPC were evaluated. In conclusion, nanoparticles based on the new light-sensitive Nip-SLrPE showed auspicious light-responsive properties, resulting in promising results for a smart drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schoppa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Dimitri Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Tarik Rust
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Dennis Mulac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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15
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Kent EW, Lewoczko EM, Zhao B. pH- and chaotropic anion-induced conformational changes of tertiary amine-containing binary heterografted star molecular bottlebrushes in aqueous solution. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-arm star-shaped, tertiary-amine-containing bottlebrushes exhibit star-globule shape transitions in response to pH changes and addition of sufficiently strong chaotropic anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W. Kent
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | | | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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16
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Kent EW, Lewoczko EM, Zhao B. Effect of Buffer Anions on Pearl-Necklace Morphology of Tertiary Amine-Containing Binary Heterografted Linear Molecular Bottlebrushes in Acidic Aqueous Buffers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13320-13330. [PMID: 33135416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular bottlebrushes can exhibit a multitude of distinct conformations under different conditions, and precise control of their morphology can facilitate better use of such materials in potential applications. Herein, we report a study on the effect of buffer anions on the pearl-necklace morphology of linear binary heterografted molecular brushes consisting of pH-responsive poly(2-N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) with a pKa of 7.40 and thermoresponsive poly(ethoxydi(ethylene glycol) acrylate) (PDEGEA) with a lower critical solution temperature of 9 °C as side chains in various acidic aqueous buffers at 0 °C. The molecular brushes, denotated as BMB, were prepared by a grafting-to approach using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the apparent hydrodynamic size of BMB in aqueous buffers with a pH of 6.50 at 1 °C decreased with increasing valency of buffer anions, from acetate anions with a charge of 1-, to phosphate anions carrying charges of 2- and 1- and citrate anions bearing charges of 3- and 2- at pH = 6.50. Atomic force microscopy revealed that BMB exhibited a pearl-necklace morphology from all three aqueous buffers with a pH of 6.50 when spin-cast at 0 °C. Analysis of AFM images showed that the average length of BMB and the number of beads per brush molecule decreased with increasing valency of buffer anions while the size and height of the beads increased. The pearl-necklace morphology of BMB was believed to be the result of microphase separation of the neutral PDEGEA and the charged PDEAEMA side chains along the brush backbone. Multivalent kosmotropic buffer anions formed bridging linkages between protonated tertiary amine moieties and thus "crosslinked" the charged PDEAEMA side chains, resulting in the shrinkage of BMB and enhanced microphase separation of two side chain polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Evan M Lewoczko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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17
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Li L, Qiang Z, Chen X, Jin K, Wang M, Torkelson JM. Impact of bottlebrush chain architecture on
T
g
‐confinement and
fragility‐confinement
effects enabled by thermo‐cleavable bottlebrush polymers synthesized by radical coupling and atom transfer radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
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18
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Qi H, Liu X, Henn DM, Mei S, Staub MC, Zhao B, Li CY. Breaking translational symmetry via polymer chain overcrowding in molecular bottlebrush crystallization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2152. [PMID: 32358513 PMCID: PMC7195396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental laws in crystallization is translational symmetry, which accounts for the profound shapes observed in natural mineral crystals and snowflakes. Herein, we report on the spontaneous formation of spherical hollow crystals with broken translational symmetry in crystalline molecular bottlebrush (mBB) polymers. The unique structure is named as mBB crystalsome (mBBC), highlighting its similarity to the classical molecular vesicles. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments show that the mBBC formation is driven by local chain overcrowding-induced asymmetric lamella bending, which is further confirmed by correlating crystalsome size with crystallization temperature and mBB's side chain grafting density. Our study unravels a new principle of spontaneous translational symmetry breaking, providing a general route towards designing versatile nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiting Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel M Henn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Shan Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark C Staub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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19
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Yan Y, Gao C, Li J, Zhang T, Yang G, Wang Z, Hua Z. Modulating Morphologies and Surface Properties of Nanoparticles from Cellulose-Grafted Bottlebrush Copolymers Using Complementary Hydrogen-Bonding between Nucleobases. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:613-620. [PMID: 31841316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of a cellulose-grafted bottlebrush copolymer with nucleobases as hydrophobic moieties. Well-defined spherical micelles from this bottlebrush copolymer were fabricated via a solvent switch method. A morphological transition from spheres to worms was only observed to occur when a diblock copolymer with a complementary nucleobase functionality was introduced. Hydrophobic interaction is not capable of triggering the morphological transformation, and the diblock copolymer with the heterogeneous acrylamide nucleobase monomer can induce the morphological transition at higher A:T molar ratios, which might be caused by the weak H-bonding interaction. This supramolecular "grafting to" method enables the preparation of a series of nanoparticles with similar shapes and dimensions but distinct surface properties such as zeta potentials. Moreover, reversible morphological transitions between worm-like micelles and spheres can be achieved using a reversible collapsing and swelling of a thermoresponsive polymer. This work highlights that a supramolecular "grafting to" approach between complementary nucleobases can be utilized to tune morphologies and surface properties of nanoparticles.
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20
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Wei J, Sun J, Yang X, Ji S, Wei Y, Li Z. Self-crosslinking assemblies with tunable nanostructures from photoresponsive polypeptoid-based block copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of reversible crosslinking assemblies with tunable morphologies are obtained from a new family of photoresponsive polypeptoid-based diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Sifan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
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21
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Agbolaghi S, Sorkhishams N, Sarvari R, Massoumi B. Globular/semiglobular Poly(ethylene glycol) nanostructures enveloped between polythiophenes with/without side chains via Y-Shaped copolymers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Sun J, Rust T, Kuckling D. Light-Responsive Serinol-Based Polyurethane Nanocarrier for Controlled Drug Release. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900348. [PMID: 31553503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a new and facile strategy for the synthesis of light-responsive polyurethanes (LrPUs) based on serinol with o-nitrobenzyl pendent groups is developed. Stable monodisperse nanoparticles from these LrPUs can be formulated reproducibly in a simple manner, which is shown by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Upon irradiation with UV light, both polymers and nanoparticles undergo rapid degradation, which is investigated by DLS, scanning electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles are also employed for the encapsulation of the model drug Nile Red, and by exposure to UV light, a burst release of the payload is detected via fluorescence spectroscopy. This strategy can be easily applied to the straightforward synthesis of various new serinol-based monomers with different stimuli-responsive properties and therefore expand the family of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Tarik Rust
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
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23
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Kent EW, Zhao B. Stimuli-Induced Star-Globule Shape Transitions of Dually Responsive Binary Heterografted Three-Arm Star Molecular Brushes in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W. Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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24
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Sun J, Jung D, Schoppa T, Anderski J, Picker MT, Ren Y, Mulac D, Stein N, Langer K, Kuckling D. Light-Responsive Serinol-Based Polycarbonate and Polyester as Degradable Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3038-3051. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Road 53, Qingdao CN-266042, China
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Street 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
| | - Dimitri Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Street 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
| | - Timo Schoppa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Juliane Anderski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Picker
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Street 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Street 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
| | - Dennis Mulac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Nora Stein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Street 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
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25
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Ji S, Xu L, Fu X, Sun J, Li Z. Light- and Metal Ion-Induced Self-Assembly and Reassembly Based on Block Copolymers Containing a Photoresponsive Polypeptide Segment. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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26
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Sun J, Anderski J, Picker MT, Langer K, Kuckling D. Preparation of Light-Responsive Aliphatic Polycarbonate via Versatile Polycondensation for Controlled Degradation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Sun
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Zhengzhou Rd. 53 CN-266042 Qingdao China
| | - Juliane Anderski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy; University of Münster; Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Picker
- Department of Chemistry; Paderborn University; Warburger Str. 100 D-33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy; University of Münster; Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry; Paderborn University; Warburger Str. 100 D-33098 Paderborn Germany
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27
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Sun J, Birnbaum W, Anderski J, Picker MT, Mulac D, Langer K, Kuckling D. Use of Light-Degradable Aliphatic Polycarbonate Nanoparticles As Drug Carrier for Photosensitizer. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4677-4690. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Rd. 53, CN-266042 Qingdao, China
| | - Wolfgang Birnbaum
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Juliane Anderski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Picker
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dennis Mulac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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28
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Henn DM, Holmes JA, Kent EW, Zhao B. Worm-to-Sphere Shape Transition of Thermoresponsive Linear Molecular Bottlebrushes in Moderately Concentrated Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7015-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Henn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jessica A. Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ethan W. Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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29
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Kent EW, Henn DM, Zhao B. Shape-changing linear molecular bottlebrushes with dually pH- and thermo-responsive diblock copolymer side chains. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The collapse of inner pH-responsive blocks drives cylindrical-to-globular shape transition while outer thermoresponsive blocks provide additional control of solution state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W. Kent
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Daniel M. Henn
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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