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Sun X, Guo R, Zhan T, Kou Y, Ma X, Song H, Song L, Li X, Zhang H, Xie F, Song Z, Yuan C, Wu Y. Self-assembly of tamarind seed polysaccharide via enzymatic depolymerization and degalactosylation enhanced ice recrystallization inhibition activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126352. [PMID: 37598826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are becoming potential candidates for developing food-grade cryoprotectants due to their extensive accessibility and health-promoting effects. However, unremarkable ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity and high viscosity limit their practical applications in some systems. Our previous study found a galactoxyloglucan polysaccharide from tamarind seed (TSP) showing moderate IRI activity. Herein, the enhancement of the IRI performance of TSP via enzymatic depolymerization and degalactosylation-induced self-assembly was reported. TSP was depolymerized and subsequently removed ∼40 % Gal, which induced the formation of supramolecular rod-like fiber self-assembles and exhibited a severalfold enhancement of IRI. Ice shaping assay did not show obvious faceting of ice crystals, indicating that both depolymerized and self-assembled TSP showed very weak binding to ice. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the absence of molecular complementarity with ice. Further, it highlighted that degalactosylation did not cause significant changes in local hydration properties of TSP from the view of a single oligomer. The inconsistency between molecular simulation and macroscopic IRI effect proposed that the formation of unique supramolecular self-assemblies may be a key requirement for enhancing IRI activity. The findings of this study provided a new opportunity to enhance the applied potential of natural polysaccharides in food cryoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Taijie Zhan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuxing Kou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xujiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fan Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zibo Song
- Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Chunmei Yuan
- Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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2
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Guo M, Hsieh YL. Tunable poly(lauryl methacrylate) surface grafting via SI-ATRP on a one-pot synthesized cellulose nanofibril macroinitiator core as a shear-thinning rheology modifier and drag reducer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26089-26101. [PMID: 37664202 PMCID: PMC10472512 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimally one-pot synthesized 2-bromoproponyl esterified cellulose nanofibril (Br-CNF) has been validated as a robust macroinitiator for self-surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of lauryl methacrylate (LMA) in tunable graft lengths and high conversions of up to 92.7%. SI-ATRP of LMA surface brushes on Br-CNF followed first order kinetics in lengths at up to 46 degree of polymerization (DP) based on mass balance or 31 DP by solution-state 1H NMR in DMSO-d6. With increasing PLMA graft lengths, Br-CNF-g-PLMA cast films exhibited increasing hydrophobicity with water contact angles from 80.9° to 110.6°. The novel Br-CNF-g-PLMA exhibited dual shear thinning behavior of the Br-CNF core as evident by n < 1 flow behavior index and drag reducing properties of PLMA grafts with increased viscosity at up to 21 071×. Br-CNF-g-PLMA with 46 DP could be fully dispersed in silicon pump oil to function as a drag reducer to enhance viscosity up to 5× at 25, 40, and 55 °C. The novel macroinitiator capability of Br-CNF in SI-ATRP of vinyl monomers and the bottlebrush-like LMA surface grafted Br-CNF as highly effective viscosity modifier and drag reducer further demonstrate the versatile functionality of Br-CNF beyond hydrophobic coatings and reactive polyols previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA
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3
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Gröschel AH, Gröschel T, Azhdari S, Schumacher M, Chen H. Prismatic Block Copolymer Hexosomes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16069-16079. [PMID: 37566704 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cubosomes and hexosomes are recent solution morphologies with an ordered porous structure and are observed for lipids and amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) with high hydrophobic fractions. Whereas lipid hexosomes typically exhibit a prismatic shape, BCP hexosomes have so far only been observed as closed microspheres where inner channels are not connected to the surrounding medium. Here, we describe the formation of flat, prismatic BCP hexosomes with pronounced faceting and a highly ordered lattice of hexagonally packed channels. We assemble polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP or SV) into the hexosome framework using polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PT or SVT) as a macromolecular surfactant in low-χ solvents. During solvent exchange, SV-rich domains form through liquid-liquid phase separation, followed by solidification and confined assembly within these domains. Since the final solvent (acetone) has a very low χ parameter toward PS and P4VP (equaling low interfacial tension), solidification of the hexosome occurs under confinement conditions that we term "supersoft". The low interfacial tension allows the stabilization of the hexagonal-prismatic shape, which originates from the hexagonal lattice of channels. Increasing the interfacial tension with polar cosolvents at some point dominates the particle shape, resulting in deformation of prismatic BCP hexosomes into spinning-top structures. The use of low-χ solvents for confined assembly of BCPs may allow the formation of unusual particle shapes simply by tuning the polymer-solvent interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- André H Gröschel
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Polymer Materials for Energy Storage (PES), Bavarian Centre for Battery Technology (BayBatt) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tina Gröschel
- Evonik Industries AG, High-Performance Polymers, Paul-Baumann-Straße 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
| | - Suna Azhdari
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcel Schumacher
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Hu Y, Ma Y, Liu L, Yu J, Cui J, Ling S, Fan Y. Nanosilk Template-Guided/Induced Construction of Brush-/Flower-like 3D Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36916656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials with natural hierarchical structures typically exhibit extraordinary properties because of their multilevel structural designs. They offer many templates and models as well as inspiration for material design, particularly for fabricating structure-regulated, performance-enhanced, and function-enriched materials. Biopolymer-based nanocomposites with ingenious nanostructures constructed through ecofriendly and sustainable approaches are highly desirable to meet the multifunctional requirements of developing bioinspired materials. Herein, an all-silk fibroin-based nanocomposite with a brush-like nanostructure was constructed for the first time using a nanotemplate-guided assembly approach in which dissolved silk assembled directly on a silk nanowhisker (SNW) backbone to form peculiar nanobrushes based on the classical micelle model. Three-dimensional spider-like or centipede-like silk nanobrushes (SNBs) were fabricated by varying the SNW backbone length from 0.16 to 6 μm. The branches with average lengths of 32-290 nm were also adjustable. SNBs were further designed to regulate and induce biomineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) to form interesting flower-like nanostructures, in which the HAP nanosphere (diameters ∼16 nm) "core" was covered by SNBs with branches extending to form a "shell" (∼101 nm in length). Based on such protein nanotemplate-guided formation of nanoscale structures, practical hollow conduits with remarkable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, shape memory behavior, and bone engineering potential were fabricated. This study inspires the design of polymorphous biopolymer-based nanostructures with enhanced performance at multiple length scales where the weaknesses of individual building blocks are offset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jing Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, No. 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, No. 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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5
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Hu Y, Zou Y, Ma Y, Yu J, Liu L, Chen M, Ling S, Fan Y. Formulation of Silk Fibroin Nanobrush-Stabilized Biocompatible Pickering Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14302-14312. [PMID: 36342842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is widely believed to be sustainable, biocompatible, and biodegradable, providing promising features such as carriers to deliver drugs and functional ingredients in food, personal care, and biomedical areas, which are consistent with emulsion characteristics; especially, green, all-natural biopolymer-based stabilizers are in great demand to stabilize Pickering emulsions and match the multifunctional needs for developing ideal materials. Herein, an unprecedented three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure, namely a brush-like silk nanobrush (SNB), is applied as the stabilizer to formulate and stabilize Pickering emulsions. The size and interfacial tension are compared among the SNB, a regenerated silk nanofiber, and a nanowhisker. Additionally, optimization processes are conducted to determine the ideal ultrasonication intensity and SNB concentration required to prepare Pickering emulsions by analyzing the morphology, creaming index, mean oil droplet size, and rheological behavior. The results indicate that an SNB with the characteristic structure and suitable size shows superior potential to form sophisticated and interconnected networks in oil-water interfaces, and is proved to be able to resist creaming at a wide range of concentrations and subsequently stabilize Pickering emulsions from liquid-like emulsions to gel-like emulsions. Additionally, SNB is proved to be biocompatible according to cell experiments, providing a promising alternative in designing all-natural, green, and biocompatible emulsions with the aim of efficiently delivering nutrients or drugs associated with health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujun Zou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Jiangsu Opera Medical Supplies Co., Ltd., Gaoyou225600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Lonpan Road, Nanjing210037, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Guo M, Hsieh YL. 2-Bromopropionyl Esterified Cellulose Nanofibrils as Chain Extenders or Polyols in Stoichiometrically Optimized Syntheses of High-Strength Polyurethanes. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4574-4585. [PMID: 36200931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Bromopropionyl bromide esterified cellulose nanofibrils (Br-CNFs) facilely synthesized from one-pot esterification of cellulose and in situ ultrasonication exhibited excellent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) dispersibility and reactivity to partially replace either chain extender or soft segment diol in the stoichiometrically optimized syntheses of polyurethanes (PUs). PUs polymerized with Br-CNF to replace either 11 mol% 1,4-butadiol chain extender OHs or 1.8 mol% polytetramethylene ether glycol OHs, i.e., 1.5 or 0.3 wt% Br-CNF in PUs, exhibited an over 3 times increased modulus, nearly 4 times higher strength, and a 50% increase in strain. In either role, the experimental modulus exceeding those predicted by the Halpin-Tsai model gave evidence of the stoichiometrically optimized covalent bonding with Br-CNF, while the improved strain was attributed to increased hydrogen-bonding interactions between Br-CNF and the soft segment. These new Br-CNFs not only offer novel synthetic strategies to incorporate nanocelluloses in polyurethanes but also maximize their reinforcing effects via their versatile polyol reactant and cross-linking roles, demonstrating promising applications in the synthesis of other polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California95616-8722, United States
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California95616-8722, United States
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7
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Gomri C, Cretin M, Semsarilar M. Recent progress on chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and its application in nanocomposite films and membranes-A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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El Miri N, Heggset EB, Wallsten S, Svedberg A, Syverud K, Norgren M. A comprehensive investigation on modified cellulose nanocrystals and their films properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:998-1008. [PMID: 35963351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to tune cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) properties by introducing different functional groups (aldehyde, carboxyl, silane, and ammonium groups) on the surface through different chemical modifications. These functional groups were obtained by combining: the periodate oxidation with TEMPO-oxidation, aminosylation or cationization. CNCs produced and their films were characterized to elucidate their performances. The results showed that the properties of obtained CNCs varied depending on the grafted functionalities on the surface. The results reveal that after each modification a colloidal stability is preserved. Interestingly, Periodate oxidation of cellulose nanocrystals results in film components that interact through intra- and intermolecular hemiacetals and lead to films with a tensile strength of 116 MPa compared to the pristine CNCs, in contrast the subsequent modifications led to lower tensile strength. Of note, remarkable thermal stability has been achieved after modifications reaching a maximum of 280 °C. The oxygen barrier properties of the films after modifications varied between 0.48 and 0.54 cm3μm/(m2d*kPa) at 50 % RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima El Miri
- FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | | | - Sara Wallsten
- MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, Hörneborgsvägen 10, SE-892 50 Domsjö, Sweden
| | - Anna Svedberg
- MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, Hörneborgsvägen 10, SE-892 50 Domsjö, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Norgren
- FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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9
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Vijay P, Batchelor W, Saito K. Preparation of coumarin polymer grafted nanocellulose films to form high performance, photoresponsive barrier layers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Vijay
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Chemical Engineering Department Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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10
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Preparation of chitosan-cellulose-benzyl isothiocyanate nanocomposite film for food packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Pradhan SS, Saha S. Advances in design and applications of polymer brush modified anisotropic particles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102580. [PMID: 34922246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current advancements in the creation of anisotropy in particles and their surface modification with polymer brushes have established a new class of hybrid materials termed polymer brush modified anisotropic particles (PBMAP). PBMAPs display unique property combinations, e.g., multi-functionality in multiple directions along with smart behavior, which is not easily achievable in traditional hybrid materials. Typically, anisotropic particles can be categorized based on three different factors, such as shape anisotropy (geometry driven), compositional anisotropy (functionality driven), and surface anisotropy (spatio-selective surface modification driven). In this review, we have particularly focused on the synthetic strategies to construct the various type of PBMAPs based on inorganic or organic core which may or may not be isotropic in nature, and their applications in various fields ranging from drug delivery to catalysis. In addition, superior performances and fascinating properties of PBMAPs over their isotropic analogues are also highlighted. A brief overview of their future developments and associated challenges have been discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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12
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Surmacz K, Błoniarz P, Chmielarz P. Coffee Beverage: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Polymethacrylates via ATRP. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030840. [PMID: 35164104 PMCID: PMC8840111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee, the most popular beverage in the 21st century society, was tested as a reaction environment for activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) without an additional reducing agent. Two blends were selected: pure Arabica beans and a proportional blend of Arabica and Robusta beans. The use of the solution received from the mixture with Robusta obtained a high molecular weight polymer product in a short time while maintaining a controlled structure of the synthesized product. Various monomers with hydrophilic characteristics, i.e., 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA500), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), were polymerized. The proposed concept was carried out at different concentrations of coffee grounds, followed by the determination of the molar concentration of caffeine in applied beverages using DPV and HPLC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Błoniarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhang Z, Sèbe G, Hou Y, Wang J, Huang J, Zhou G. Grafting polymers from cellulose nanocrystals via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Gilles Sèbe
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP Pessac France
| | - Yelin Hou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP Pessac France
| | | | - Jin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, and “the Belt and Road” International Joint Research Laboratory of Sustainable Materials Southwest University Chongqing China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Engineering Research Center of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bintuan Shihezi University Shihezi China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China
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14
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Sun X, Yu X, Cheng F, He W. Cationic polymeric template-mediated preparation of silica nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8995-9007. [PMID: 34611687 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosilicification allows the formation of complex and delicate biogenic silica in near-neutral solutions under ambient conditions. Studies have revealed that, during biosilicification, basic amino acid residues and long-chain polyamines of organic substrates interact electrostatically with negatively charged silicate precursors in solution, catalyzing the polycondensation of silicic acid and accelerating the formation of silica. This mechanism has inspired researchers to explore polymers bearing chemical similarity with these organic matrices as cationic templates for biomimetic silicification. Such templates can be classified into two general categories based on the physical forms applied. One is a solution of water-soluble cationic polymers, either natural or synthetic, used as is for silicification. The other category includes various microscopically shaped entities made of cationic polymer-containing molecules, in the form of micelles, vesicles, crystalline aggregates, latex particles, and microgels. Combined with controlled polymerization and other techniques, these preorganized templates can be tailor designed in terms of sizes and morphologies to allow further expansion of properties and functions. In this review, notable research progress for both categories of silicification under biomimetic conditions is discussed. With the merits of silica and cationic polymers seamlessly integrated, the potential of such versatile nanocomposites in biomedical as well as energy and environmental applications is also briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xueying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
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15
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Peng S, Luo Q, Zhou G, Xu X. Recent Advances on Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3247. [PMID: 34641062 PMCID: PMC8512496 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, typically cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), has excellent properties and is widely used. In particular, CNC has a small dimension, high chemical reactivity, and high sustainability, which makes it an excellent candidate as a starting material to be converted into nanocellulose derivatives. Chemical modification is essential for obtaining the desired products; the modifications create different functional attachment levels and generate novel microstructures. Recent advances on nanocellulose derivatives have not yet been reviewed and evaluated for the last five years. Nanocellulose derivative materials are being used in a wide variety of high-quality functional applications. To meet these requirements, it is essential for researchers to fully understand CNCs and derivative materials, precisely their characteristics, synthesis methods, and chemical modification approaches. This paper discusses CNC and its derivatives concerning the structural characteristics, performance, and synthesis methods, comparing the pros and cons of these chemical modification approaches reported in recent years. This review also discusses the critical physicochemical properties of CNC derivative products, including solubility, wetting performance, and associated impacts on properties. Lastly, this paper also comments on the bottlenecks of nanocellulose derivatives in various applications and briefly discusses their future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiguan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Hynninen V, Patrakka J, Nonappa. Methylcellulose-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites for Optomechanically Tunable Hydrogels and Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5137. [PMID: 34576360 PMCID: PMC8465715 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of cellulose offers routes for structurally and functionally diverse biopolymer derivatives for numerous industrial applications. Among cellulose derivatives, cellulose ethers have found extensive use, such as emulsifiers, in food industries and biotechnology. Methylcellulose, one of the simplest cellulose derivatives, has been utilized for biomedical, construction materials and cell culture applications. Its improved water solubility, thermoresponsive gelation, and the ability to act as a matrix for various dopants also offer routes for cellulose-based functional materials. There has been a renewed interest in understanding the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of methylcellulose and its composites. This review focuses on the recent development in optically and mechanically tunable hydrogels derived from methylcellulose and methylcellulose-cellulose nanocrystal composites. We further discuss the application of the gels for preparing highly ductile and strong fibers. Finally, the emerging application of methylcellulose-based fibers as optical fibers and their application potentials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Hynninen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jani Patrakka
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
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17
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Kiriakou MV, Berry RM, Hoare T, Cranston ED. Effect of Reaction Media on Grafting Hydrophobic Polymers from Cellulose Nanocrystals via Surface-Initiated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3601-3612. [PMID: 34252279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were produced via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) in two different solvents to examine the role of reaction media on the extent of surface modification. Poly(butyl acrylate)-grafted CNCs were synthesized in either dimethylformamide (DMF) (D-PBA-g-CNCs) or toluene (T-PBA-g-CNCs) alongside a free polymer from a sacrificial initiator. The colloidal stability of unmodified CNCs, initiator-modified CNCs, and PBA-g-CNCs in water, DMF, and toluene was evaluated by optical transmittance. The enhanced colloidal stability of initiator-modified CNCs in DMF led to improved accessibility to initiator groups during polymer grafting; D-PBA-g-CNCs had 30 times more grafted chains than T-PBA-g-CNCs, determined by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis. D-PBA-g-CNCs dispersed well in toluene and were hydrophobic with a water contact angle of 124° (for polymer grafts > 13 kDa) compared to 25° for T-PBA-g-CNCs. The cellulose crystal structure was preserved, and individual nanoparticles were retained when grafting was carried out in either solvent. This work highlights that optimizing CNC colloidal stability prior to grafting is more crucial than solvent-polymer compatibility to obtain high graft densities and highly hydrophobic CNCs via SI-ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Kiriakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Richard M Berry
- CelluForce Inc., 570 boulevard Saint-Jean, Pointe-Claire, Quebec H9R 3J9, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Departments of Wood Science and Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada
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18
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P, Smenda J, Wolski K. Following principles of green chemistry: Low ppm photo-ATRP of DMAEMA in water/ethanol mixture. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Uniform fiber-like polymeric micelles of controlled length containing a photo-cleavable core: Versatile templates toward functional nanotubes. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Promising grafting strategies on cellulosic backbone through radical polymerization processes – A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Lamm ME, Li K, Qian J, Wang L, Lavoine N, Newman R, Gardner DJ, Li T, Hu L, Ragauskas AJ, Tekinalp H, Kunc V, Ozcan S. Recent Advances in Functional Materials through Cellulose Nanofiber Templating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005538. [PMID: 33565173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advanced templating techniques have enabled delicate control of both nano- and microscale structures and have helped thrust functional materials into the forefront of society. Cellulose nanomaterials are derived from natural polymers and show promise as a templating source for advanced materials. Use of cellulose nanomaterials in templating combines nanoscale property control with sustainability, an attribute often lacking in other templating techniques. Use of cellulose nanofibers for templating has shown great promise in recent years, but previous reviews on cellulose nanomaterial templating techniques have not provided extensive analysis of cellulose nanofiber templating. Cellulose nanofibers display several unique properties, including mechanical strength, porosity, high water retention, high surface functionality, and an entangled fibrous network, all of which can dictate distinctive aspects in the final templated materials. Many applications exploit the unique aspects of templating with cellulose nanofibers that help control the final properties of the material, including, but not limited to, applications in catalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, electrodes, building materials, biomaterials, and membranes. A detailed analysis on the use of cellulose nanofibers templating is provided, addressing specifically how careful selection of templating mechanisms and methodologies, combined toward goal applications, can be used to directly benefit chosen applications in advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Lamm
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, TN, 37932, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ji Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Nathalie Lavoine
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Reagan Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Douglas J Gardner
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Center for BioEnergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Estabrook Road, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
| | - Halil Tekinalp
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, TN, 37932, USA
| | - Vlastimil Kunc
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, TN, 37932, USA
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, TN, 37932, USA
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22
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Heise K, Kontturi E, Allahverdiyeva Y, Tammelin T, Linder MB, Nonappa, Ikkala O. Nanocellulose: Recent Fundamental Advances and Emerging Biological and Biomimicking Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004349. [PMID: 33289188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the effort toward sustainable advanced functional materials, nanocelluloses have attracted extensive recent attention. Nanocelluloses range from rod-like highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to longer and more entangled cellulose nanofibers, earlier denoted also as microfibrillated celluloses and bacterial cellulose. In recent years, they have spurred research toward a wide range of applications, ranging from nanocomposites, viscosity modifiers, films, barrier layers, fibers, structural color, gels, aerogels and foams, and energy applications, until filtering membranes, to name a few. Still, nanocelluloses continue to show surprisingly high challenges to master their interactions and tailorability to allow well-controlled assemblies for functional materials. Rather than trying to review the already extensive nanocellulose literature at large, here selected aspects of the recent progress are the focus. Water interactions, which are central for processing for the functional properties, are discussed first. Then advanced hybrid gels toward (multi)stimuli responses, shape-memory materials, self-healing, adhesion and gluing, biological scaffolding, and forensic applications are discussed. Finally, composite fibers are discussed, as well as nanocellulose as a strategy for improvement of photosynthesis-based chemicals production. In summary, selected perspectives toward new directions for sustainable high-tech functional materials science based on nanocelluloses are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33101, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
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23
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Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Li H, Lin Z. Polymer-Ligated Nanocrystals Enabled by Nonlinear Block Copolymer Nanoreactors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12491-12521. [PMID: 32975934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The past several decades have witnessed substantial advances in synthesis and self-assembly of inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) due largely to their size- and shape-dependent properties for use in optics, optoelectronics, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, and biomedical applications. Among various routes to NCs, the nonlinear block copolymer (BCP) nanoreactor technique has recently emerged as a general yet robust strategy for crafting a rich diversity of NCs of interest with precisely controlled dimensions, compositions, architectures, and surface chemistry. It is notable that nonlinear BCPs are unimolecular micelles, where each block copolymer arm of nonlinear BCP is covalently connected to a central core or polymer backbone. As such, their structures are static and stable, representing a class of functional polymers with complex architecture for directing the synthesis of NCs. In this review, recent progress in synthesizing NCs by capitalizing on two sets of nonlinear BCPs as nanoreactors are discussed. They are star-shaped BCPs for producing 0D spherical nanoparticles, including plain, hollow, and core-shell nanoparticles, and bottlebrush-like BCPs for creating 1D plain and core/shell nanorods (and nanowires) as well as nanotubes. As the surface of these NCs is intimately tethered with the outer blocks of nonlinear BCPs used, they can thus be regarded as polymer-ligated NCs (i.e., hairy NCs). First, the rational design and synthesis of nonlinear BCPs via controlled/living radical polymerizations is introduced. Subsequently, their use as the NC-directing nanoreactors to yield monodisperse nanoparticles and nanorods with judiciously engineered dimensions, compositions, and surface chemistry is examined. Afterward, the intriguing properties of such polymer-ligated NCs, which are found to depend sensitively on their sizes, architectures, and functionalities of surface polymer hairs, are highlighted. Some practical applications of these polymer-ligated NCs for energy conversion and storage and drug delivery are then discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Huaming Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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24
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Dong Z, Ye Z, Zhang Z, Xia K, Zhang P. Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Behavior of Core-Shell Hybrid Rods Consisting of Chiral Cellulose Nanocrystals Dressed with Non-chiral Conformal Polymeric Skins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2376-2390. [PMID: 32364722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current work investigates how the nanoscale conformal coating layers of non-chiral polymeric materials can influence the chiral nematic liquid crystal (CLC) behaviors of the rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), the bio-derived nanomaterials that have attracted significant attention. For this, we developed strategies to coat the CNC rods on the single-particle level with a homogeneous bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) layer, leading to well-defined core-shell CNC@PDA rods with various PDA coating thicknesses and excellent colloidal stability. Comprehensive investigation revealed that the CNC@PDA hybrid nanorods in concentrated suspensions form well-defined nematic liquid crystal phases with clear phase separation behavior that depend on the rod concentrations and ionic strengths, typical of charged rods. Most intriguingly, the nematic LC phases formed by the CNC@PDA rods with the PDA coating thickness achieved herein are indeed the perfect CLC phases, which form following the classic pathway of nucleation and coalesce of chiral tactoids and have colorful chiral fingerprints standing out from the dark suspensions. The pitches of the CLC phase increase sharply with increasing PDA coating thicknesses and are significantly larger than those of the pristine CNCs. Such observations can be attributed to the blurring effects of the PDA coating on the intrinsic surface chiral features of CNC of whatever origins that drive the formation of the CLC phases, resulting in weakening chiral interactions between CNC@PDA rods. Besides benefiting the understanding of the long-sought origin of the CLC phases of the pristine CNC, the current work demonstrates the possibility of controlling the CLC phase behaviors of CNC by tuning the thickness of the coating materials and also serves as the first example of directly transferring the unique chirality of CNC to other non-chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zihan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Pengjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
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25
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Sun X, Wu C, Hu J, Huang X, Lu G, Feng C. Antifouling Surfaces Based on Fluorine-Containing Asymmetric Polymer Brushes: Effect of Chain Length of Fluorinated Side Chain. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1235-1241. [PMID: 30558426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of chain length of a fluorinated side chain of an asymmetric polymer brush with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains on the antifouling property was systematically investigated so as to obtain more knowledge for deepening our understanding of the structure-(antifouling)-property relationship of asymmetric polymer brush. A series of asymmetric polymer brushes, consisting of hydrophobic poly(pentafluoropropyl methacrylate) (PPTFMA) side chains with the number of repeat units of pentafluoropropyl methacrylate (PTFMA) ranging from 8 to 42 and hydrophilic PEG side chains, was first synthesized by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Subsequently, thin films were prepared by spin-casting the solution of these brushes onto indium tin oxide (ITO) and SiO2 substrates. Water contact angle analysis showed that the hydrophobicity of the film surface increased with the length of PPTFMA side chain. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement demonstrated that these films had a roughness of <3 and <10 nm onto ITO glass and SiO2 substrates, respectively. The antifouling behaviors of these films in bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution were evaluated by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which showed that the asymmetric brush surfaces had considerable antifouling performance with less protein adsorption in comparison with the bare surface. In addition, the films made from polymer brushes with shorter PPTFMA side chains exhibited better antifouling and fouling-release behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , 220 Handan Road , Shanghai 200433 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , 220 Handan Road , Shanghai 200433 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , 220 Handan Road , Shanghai 200433 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
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26
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Pelras T, Mahon CS, Müllner M. Synthese und Anwendung von kompartimentierten molekularen Polymerbürsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Pelras
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
| | - Clare S. Mahon
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD Großbritannien
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
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27
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Pelras T, Mahon CS, Müllner M. Synthesis and Applications of Compartmentalised Molecular Polymer Brushes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6982-6994. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Pelras
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney 2006 NSW Australia
| | - Clare S. Mahon
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australia
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney 2006 NSW Australia
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