1
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Kubečka J, Besel V, Neefjes I, Knattrup Y, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H, Elm J. Computational Tools for Handling Molecular Clusters: Configurational Sampling, Storage, Analysis, and Machine Learning. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:45115-45128. [PMID: 38046354 PMCID: PMC10688175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Computational modeling of atmospheric molecular clusters requires a comprehensive understanding of their complex configurational spaces, interaction patterns, stabilities against fragmentation, and even dynamic behaviors. To address these needs, we introduce the Jammy Key framework, a collection of automated scripts that facilitate and streamline molecular cluster modeling workflows. Jammy Key handles file manipulations between varieties of integrated third-party programs. The framework is divided into three main functionalities: (1) Jammy Key for configurational sampling (JKCS) to perform systematic configurational sampling of molecular clusters, (2) Jammy Key for quantum chemistry (JKQC) to analyze commonly used quantum chemistry output files and facilitate database construction, handling, and analysis, and (3) Jammy Key for machine learning (JKML) to manage machine learning methods in optimizing molecular cluster modeling. This automation and machine learning utilization significantly reduces manual labor, greatly speeds up the search for molecular cluster configurations, and thus increases the number of systems that can be studied. Following the example of the Atmospheric Cluster Database (ACDB) of Elm (ACS Omega, 4, 10965-10984, 2019), the molecular clusters modeled in our group using the Jammy Key framework have been stored in an improved online GitHub repository named ACDB 2.0. In this work, we present the Jammy Key package alongside its assorted applications, which underline its versatility. Using several illustrative examples, we discuss how to choose appropriate combinations of methodologies for treating particular cluster types, including reactive, multicomponent, charged, or radical clusters, as well as clusters containing flexible or multiconformer monomers or heavy atoms. Finally, we present a detailed example of using the tools for atmospheric acid-base clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kubečka
- Aarhus
University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Vitus Besel
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Ivo Neefjes
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Yosef Knattrup
- Aarhus
University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Theo Kurtén
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Aarhus
University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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2
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Cheng Y, Ding C, Wang H, Zhang T, Wang R, Muthiah B, Xu H, Zhang Q, Jiang M. Significant influence of water molecules on the SO 3 + HCl reaction in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28885-28894. [PMID: 37853821 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The products resulting from the reactions between atmospheric acids and SO3 have a catalytic effect on the formation of new particles in aerosols. However, the SO3 + HCl reaction in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface has not been considered. Herein, this reaction was explored exhaustively by using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. The quantum calculations show that the gas-phase reaction of SO3 + HCl is highly unlikely to occur under atmospheric conditions with a high energy barrier of 22.6 kcal mol-1. H2O and (H2O)2 play obvious catalytic roles in reducing the energy barrier of the SO3 + HCl reaction by over 18.2 kcal mol-1. The atmospheric lifetimes of SO3 show that the (H2O)2-assisted reaction dominates over the H2O-assisted reaction within the altitude range of 0-5 km, whereas the H2O-assisted reaction is more favorable within an altitude range of 10-50 km. BOMD simulations show that H2O-induced formation of the ClSO3-⋯H3O+ ion pair and HCl-assisted formation of the HSO4-⋯H3O+ ion pair were identified at the air-water interface. These routes followed a stepwise reaction mechanism and proceeded at a picosecond time scale. Interestingly, the formed ClSO3H in the gas phase has a tendency to aggregate with sulfuric acids, ammonias, and water molecules to form stable clusters within 40 ns simulation time, while the interfacial ClSO3- and H3O+ can attract H2SO4, NH3, and HNO3 for particle formation from the gas phase to the water surface. Thus, this work will not only help in understanding the SO3 + HCl reaction driven by water molecules in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface, but it will also provide some potential routes of aerosol formation from the reaction between SO3 and inorganic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | | | - Haitong Xu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
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3
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Knattrup Y, Kubečka J, Elm J. Nitric Acid and Organic Acids Suppress the Role of Methanesulfonic Acid in Atmospheric New Particle Formation. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7568-7578. [PMID: 37651638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent atmospheric molecular clusters, typically comprising a combination of acids and bases, play a pivotal role in our climate system and contribute to the perplexing uncertainties embedded in modern climate models. Our understanding of cluster formation is limited by the lack of studies on complex mixed-acid-mixed-base systems. Here, we investigate multicomponent clusters consisting of mixtures of several acid and base molecules: sulfuric acid (SA), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), nitric acid (NA), formic acid (FA), along with methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA). We calculated the binding free energies of a comprehensive set of 252 mixed-acid-mixed-base clusters at the DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ//ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. Combined with the existing datasets, we simulated the new particle formation (NPF) rates using the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC). We find that the presence of NA and FA had a substantial impact, increasing the NPF rate by 60% at realistic conditions. Intriguingly, we find that NA and FA suppress the role of MSA in NPF. These findings suggest that even high concentration of MSA has a limited impact on NPF in polluted regions with high FA and NA. We outline a method for generating a lookup table that could potentially be used in climate models that sufficiently incorporates all the required chemistry. By unraveling the molecular mechanisms of mixed-acid-mixed-base clusters, we get one step closer to comprehending their implications for our global climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Knattrup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakub Kubečka
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Khramchenkova A, Pysanenko A, Ďurana J, Kocábková B, Fárník M, Lengyel J. Does HNO 3 dissociate on gas-phase ice nanoparticles? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21154-21161. [PMID: 37458324 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dissociation of nitric acid on large water clusters (H2O)N, N̄ ≈ 30-500, i.e., ice nanoparticles with diameters of 1-3 nm, in a molecular beam. The (H2O)N clusters were doped with single HNO3 molecules in a pickup cell and probed by mass spectrometry after a low-energy (1.5-15 eV) electron attachment. The negative ion mass spectra provided direct evidence for HNO3 dissociation with the formation of NO3-⋯H3O+ ion pairs, but over half of the observed cluster ions originated from non-dissociated HNO3 molecules. This behavior is in contrast with the complete dissociation of nitric acid on amorphous ice surfaces above 100 K. Thus, the proton transfer is significantly suppressed on nanometer-sized particles compared to macroscopic ice surfaces. This can have considerable implications for heterogeneous processes on atmospheric ice particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Khramchenkova
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Ďurana
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Kocábková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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5
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Kubečka J, Neefjes I, Besel V, Qiao F, Xie HB, Elm J. Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid-Multi-Base New Particle Formation Revealed through Quantum Chemistry Enhanced by Machine Learning. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2091-2103. [PMID: 36811954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of molecular clusters and secondary aerosols in the atmosphere has a significant impact on the climate. Studies typically focus on the new particle formation (NPF) of sulfuric acid (SA) with a single base molecule (e.g., dimethylamine or ammonia). In this work, we examine the combinations and synergy of several bases. Specifically, we used computational quantum chemistry to perform configurational sampling (CS) of (SA)0-4(base)0-4 clusters with five different types of bases: ammonia (AM), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and ethylenediamine (EDA). Overall, we studied 316 different clusters. We used a traditional multilevel funnelling sampling approach augmented by a machine-learning (ML) step. The ML made the CS of these clusters possible by significantly enhancing the speed and quality of the search for the lowest free energy configurations. Subsequently, the cluster thermodynamics properties were evaluated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ//ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated binding free energies were used to evaluate the cluster stabilities for population dynamics simulations. The resultant SA-driven NPF rates and synergies of the studied bases are presented to show that DMA and EDA act as nucleators (although EDA becomes weak in large clusters), TMA acts as a catalyzer, and AM/MA is often overshadowed by strong bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kubečka
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Ivo Neefjes
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Vitus Besel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Fukang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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6
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Myllys N. The role of hydration in atmospheric salt particle formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7394-7400. [PMID: 36843365 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
New-particle formation from condensable acid and base molecules is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the atmosphere. The role of water in salt particle formation is not fully understood as it can stabilize or destabilize cluster structures, which leads to non-linear effects on cluster formation dynamics. In the studied systems, increased relative humidity can enhance the particle formation for up to four orders of magnitude in the case of nitric acid, but it can also slightly reduce the particle formation in the cases of sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid. As the effect of relative humidity in salt particle formation varies many orders of magnitude depending on the acid and base molecules, neglecting hydration or using the same value for different systems may introduce remarkable inaccuracies in large-scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Myllys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. .,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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7
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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8
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Catalytic effects on decomposition of formic acid in the atmosphere – A kinetic and thermochemical investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Knattrup Y, Elm J. Clusteromics IV: The Role of Nitric Acid in Atmospheric Cluster Formation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31551-31560. [PMID: 36092558 PMCID: PMC9453938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric acid (NA) has previously been shown to affect atmospheric new particle formation; however, its role still remains highly uncertain. Through the employment of state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods, we study the (acid)1-2(base)1-2 and (acid)3(base)2 clusters containing at least one nitric acid (NA) and sulfuric acid (SA) or methanesulfonic acid (MSA) with bases ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and ethylenediamine (EDA). The initial cluster configurations are generated using the ABCluster program. PM7 and ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) calculations are used to reduce the number of relevant configurations. The thermochemical parameters are calculated at the ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory with the quasi-harmonic approximation, and the final single-point energies are calculated with high-level DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations. The enhancing effect from the presence of nitric acid on cluster formation is studied using the calculated thermochemical data and cluster dynamics simulations. We find that when NA is in excess compared with the other acids, it has a substantial enhancing effect on the cluster formation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Knattrup
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Oswin HP, Haddrell AE, Otero-Fernandez M, Mann JFS, Cogan TA, Hilditch TG, Tian J, Hardy DA, Hill DJ, Finn A, Davidson AD, Reid JP. The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity with changes in aerosol microenvironment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200109119. [PMID: 35763573 PMCID: PMC9271203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that influence the airborne survival of viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aerosols is important for identifying routes of transmission and the value of various mitigation strategies for preventing transmission. We present measurements of the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol droplets (∼5 to 10 µm equilibrated radius) over timescales spanning 5 s to 20 min using an instrument to probe survival in a small population of droplets (typically 5 to 10) containing ∼1 virus/droplet. Measurements of airborne infectivity change are coupled with a detailed physicochemical analysis of the airborne droplets containing the virus. A decrease in infectivity to ∼10% of the starting value was observable for SARS-CoV-2 over 20 min, with a large proportion of the loss occurring within the first 5 min after aerosolization. The initial rate of infectivity loss was found to correlate with physical transformation of the equilibrating droplet; salts within the droplets crystallize at relative humidities (RHs) below 50%, leading to a near-instant loss of infectivity in 50 to 60% of the virus. However, at 90% RH, the droplet remains homogenous and aqueous, and the viral stability is sustained for the first 2 min, beyond which it decays to only 10% remaining infectious after 10 min. The loss of infectivity at high RH is consistent with an elevation in the pH of the droplets, caused by volatilization of CO2 from bicarbonate buffer within the droplet. Four different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were compared and found to have a similar degree of airborne stability at both high and low RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry P. Oswin
- aSchool of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Allen E. Haddrell
- aSchool of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
| | - Mara Otero-Fernandez
- aSchool of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie F. S. Mann
- bBristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A. Cogan
- bBristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas G. Hilditch
- aSchool of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jianghan Tian
- aSchool of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A. Hardy
- aSchool of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl J. Hill
- cSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Finn
- cSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Davidson
- cSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- aSchool of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
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11
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Jiang B, Lai NC, Xia D. Estimation of the nucleation barrier in a multicomponent system with intermolecular potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14324-14332. [PMID: 35642659 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a "critical nucleus" prior to phase change is a crucial step for new particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere. However, the nucleation occurring below ∼1 nm is hard to observe directly. As an effective alternative, theoretical nucleation models have been widely studied. An energy barrier is involved in the nucleation and is the fundamental factor for the nucleation model. Typical atmospheric nucleation agents such as H2SO4, H2O and NH3 are dipole molecules, whose intermolecular interactions are non-ignorable. Herein, a dipole-dipole potential model is adopted to determine the interaction between molecules instead of the traditional hard sphere model, and graph theory is used to describe the structure of the cluster and the cluster-molecule interaction. The nucleation barriers (ΔEb) of H2SO4-H2SO4, H2SO4-H2O, H2SO4-NH3 and H2SO4-H2O-NH3 are derived and compared to each other. In the presence of H2O and NH3, the ΔEb value is decreased by 17-28% compared to that in the pure H2SO4 nucleation system. NH3 is identified to be a key factor for ternary nucleation based on an orthogonal test. Atmospheric concentrations of H2SO4, H2O and NH3 are considered to investigate the influence of [H2O + NH3]/[H2SO4] on ΔEb and the related effective collision coefficient (α). The α value in the ternary nucleation system reaches the range of (2.5-25) × 10-5, which is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than that in the pure H2SO4 system. Due to a significant enhancement of α, NH3 and H2O should be focused on in future aerosol particle estimation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfan Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Guangdong 528399, China
| | - Nien-Chu Lai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dehong Xia
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Liu M, Myllys N, Han Y, Wang Z, Chen L, Liu W, Xu J. Microscopic Insights Into the Formation of Methanesulfonic Acid–Methylamine–Ammonia Particles Under Acid-Rich Conditions. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.875585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the microscopic mechanisms of new particle formation under acid-rich conditions is of significance in atmospheric science. Using quantum chemistry calculations, we investigated the microscopic formation mechanism of methanesulfonic acid (MSA)–methylamine (MA)–ammonia (NH3) clusters. We focused on the binary (MSA)2n-(MA)n and ternary (MSA)3n-(MA)n-(NH3)n, (n = 1–4) systems which contain more acid than base molecules. We found that the lowest-energy isomers in each system possess considerable thermodynamic and dynamic stabilities. In studied cluster structures, all bases are protonated, and they form stable ion pairs with MSA, which contribute to the charge transfer and the stability of clusters. MA and NH3 have a synergistic effect on NPF under acid-rich conditions, and the role of NH3 becomes more remarkable as cluster size increases. The excess of MSA molecules does not only enhance the stability of clusters, but provides potential sites for further growth.
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13
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Pysanenko A, Huss T, Fárník M, Lengyel J. Effect of Hydration on Electron Attachment to Methanesulfonic Acid Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1542-1550. [PMID: 35230848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report an experimental and computational study of the electron-induced chemistry of methanesulfonic acid (MSA, MeSO3H) in clusters. We combine the mass spectra after the 70 eV electron ionization with the negative ion spectra after electron attachment (EA) at low electron energies of 0-15 eV of the MSA molecule, small MSA clusters, and microhydrated MSA clusters to reveal the solvation effects. The MSA/He coexpansion only generates small MSA clusters with up to four molecules, but adding water substantially hydrates the MSA clusters, resulting in clusters composed of 1-2 MSA molecules accompanied by quite a few water molecules. The clustering strongly suppresses the fragmentation of the MSA molecules upon both the positive ionization and EA. The electron-energy-dependent ion yield for different negative ions is measured. For the MSA molecule and pure MSA clusters, EA leads to an H-abstraction yielding MeSO3-. It proceeds efficiently at low electron energies below 2 eV with a shoulder at 3-4 eV and a broad, almost 2 orders of magnitude weaker, peak around 8 eV. The hydrated (H2O)nMeSO3- ions with n ≤ 3 exhibit only a broad peak around 7 eV similar to EA of pure water clusters. Thus, for the small clusters, the electron attachment and hydrogen abstraction from water occur. On the other hand, the larger clusters with n > 4 display a peak below 2 eV, which quickly dominates the spectrum with increasing n. This peak is related to the formation of the H3O+·MeSO3- ion pair upon hydration and subsequent dipole-supported electron attachment followed by the hydronium neutralization and H3O• radical dissociation. The size-resolved experimental data indicate that the ionic dissociation of MSA starts to occur in the neutral MeSO3H(H2O)N clusters with about four water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tabea Huss
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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14
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Wang Y, Piletic IR, Takeuchi M, Xu T, France S, Ng NL. Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Atmospherically Relevant Monoterpene-Derived Organic Nitrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14595-14606. [PMID: 34668375 PMCID: PMC8863268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- School of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ivan R. Piletic
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tianchang Xu
- School of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Zhao H, Han D, Sun Y, Song X, Zhang Y, Shi F, Sheng X. Interactions between isocyanic acid and atmospheric acidic, neutral and basic species. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Rapid sulfuric acid-dimethylamine nucleation enhanced by nitric acid in polluted regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108384118. [PMID: 34453007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108384118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research [Wang et al., Nature 581, 184-189 (2020)] indicates nitric acid (NA) can participate in sulfuric acid (SA)-ammonia (NH3) nucleation in the clean and cold upper free troposphere, whereas NA exhibits no obvious effects at the boundary layer with relatively high temperatures. Herein, considering that an SA-dimethylamine (DMA) nucleation mechanism was detected in megacities [Yao et al., Science 361, 278-281 (2018)], the roles of NA in SA-DMA nucleation are investigated. Different from SA-NH3 nucleation, we found that NA can enhance SA-DMA-based particle formation rates in the polluted atmospheric boundary layer, such as Beijing in winter, with the enhancement up to 80-fold. Moreover, we found that NA can promote the number concentrations of nucleation clusters (up to 27-fold) and contribute 76% of cluster formation pathways at 280 K. The enhancements on particle formation by NA are critical for particulate pollution in the polluted boundary layer with relatively high NA and DMA concentrations.
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17
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Rozenberg M, Fausto R, Reva I. Variable temperature FTIR spectra of polycrystalline purine nucleobases and estimating strengths of individual hydrogen bonds. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119323. [PMID: 33508682 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the first part of this work, we report the FTIR spectra of pure NH and isotopically substituted ND (10-15% D and 80-90% D) polycrystalline hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine and guanine recorded in the 400-4000 cm-1 range, as a function of temperature (10-300 K). We provide assignments of the stretching and out-of-plane bending amine (NH2) and imine (NH) bands to the distinct H-bonds present in the crystal, based on the temperature sensitivity and isotopic exchange behavior. Empirical correlations between spectral and thermodynamic or structural parameters enabled us to estimate the energies and lengths of H-bonds in the studied nucleobase crystals and to correlate them with literature data. The empirical H-bonding energies are compared with H-bonding and stacking energies computed for hypoxanthine. In the second part, strategies for using the empirical correlations together with information extracted from quantum mechanical data (in particular from the Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules, QTAIM) for the evaluation of hydrogen bonding properties are discussed, and their advantages and drawbacks pointed out. The justification for a cooperative use of quantum-mechanical calculations with empirical spectra-energy correlations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rozenberg
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jerusalem, Givat Ram 91904, Israel.
| | - R Fausto
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Reva
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Zhang X, Murakami T, Wang J, Aikawa M. Sources, species and secondary formation of atmospheric aerosols and gaseous precursors in the suburb of Kitakyushu, Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143001. [PMID: 33131869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous assessment of source apportionment and secondary formation processes was comprehensively studied in a suburban area located on the western edge of Japan by combining year-round daily observation using a filter-pack method with model calculations. Secondary formation was the most important pollution source, accounting for ca. 45% (23% (secondary sulfates) + 22% (secondary nitrates)) of the sources of total atmospheric aerosol mass. For the secondary aerosol composition at this suburban site in western Japan, the secondary sulfates were mainly derived from volcanic eruptions (Sakurajima volcano and/or Aso volcano), the oxidation of SO2 from industrial combustion, ship emissions in the Kyushu area, and long-distance transportation from several coastal cities in Eastern China. Multiple regression results further revealed that the secondary sulfate formation process was significantly influenced by and related to HNO3, HCl, and the relative humidity (RH) (p < 0.01). While the potential pollution source region of secondary nitrates was located in the northwest region of the sampling site, where air masses pass through Mongolia and Northern China, the formation mechanism of secondary nitrates was more complicated, with the important driving factors being Ox, NO2, NH3, HCl, temperature (T), and RH. In addition, if the presence of atmospheric HNO3 was ignored, the nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) would be significantly underestimated, especially at relative humidity levels less than 60% and temperatures greater than 16 °C. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the source contribution and characteristics of secondary aerosols in the suburban area of western Japan and can be adopted as the important basis to mitigate particle pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Takuya Murakami
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Jinhe Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Masahide Aikawa
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan.
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19
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Elm J. Toward a Holistic Understanding of the Formation and Growth of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters: A Quantum Machine Learning Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:895-902. [PMID: 33378191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of atmospheric molecular clusters is an important stage in forming new particles in the atmosphere. Despite being a highly focused research area, the exact chemical species involved in the initial steps in new particle formation remain elusive. In this Perspective the main challenges and recent progression in the field are outlined with a special emphasis on the chemical complexity of the puzzle and prospect of modeling larger clusters. In general, there is a high demand for accurate and more complete quantum chemical data sets that can be applied in cluster distribution dynamics models and coupled to atmospheric chemical transport models. A view on how the community could reach this goal by applying data-driven machine learning approaches for more efficient exploration of cluster configurations is presented. A path toward larger clusters and direct molecular dynamics simulations of cluster formation and growth using machine learning models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Xia D, Chen J, Yu H, Xie HB, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xu T, Allen DT. Formation Mechanisms of Iodine-Ammonia Clusters in Polluted Coastal Areas Unveiled by Thermodynamics and Kinetic Simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9235-9242. [PMID: 32589408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been revealed that iodine species play important roles in atmospheric new particle formations (NPFs) in pristine coastal areas. However, it is unclear whether other atmospheric species, such as NH3, for which the levels in coastal areas of China are >2.5 × 1010 molecules·cm-3 are involved in the NPFs of iodine species, although NH3 has been proved to promote particle formation of H2SO4. Via high-level quantum chemical calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamic code simulations, this study unveiled new mechanisms of nucleation, in which NH3 mediates the formation of iodine particles by assisting hydrolysis of I2O5 or reacting with HIO3. The simulated formation rates of iodine-ammonia clusters via the new mechanisms are much higher than those simulated via sequential addition of HIO3 with subsequent release of H2O, under the condition that NH3 concentrations are higher than 1010 molecules·cm-3. The new mechanisms can well explain the observed cluster formation rates at a coastal site in Zhejiang of China. The findings not only expand the current understandings of the role of NH3 in NPFs but also highlight the importance of monitoring and evaluating NPFs via the iodine-ammonia cluster pathway in the coastal areas of China and other regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - David T Allen
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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21
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Rong H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Du L, Zhang X, Li Z. Nucleation mechanisms of iodic acid in clean and polluted coastal regions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126743. [PMID: 32464777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In coastal regions, intense bursts of particles are frequently observed with high concentrations of iodine species, especially iodic acid (IA). However, the nucleation mechanisms of IA, especially in polluted environments with high concentrations of sulfuric acid (SA) and ammonia (A), remain to be fully established. By quantum chemical calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics code (ACDC) simulations, the self-nucleation of IA in clean coastal regions and that influenced by SA and A in polluted coastal regions are investigated. The results indicate that IA can form stable clusters stabilized by halogen bonds and hydrogen bonds through sequential addition of IA, and the self-nucleation of IA can instantly produce large amounts of stable clusters when the concentration of IA is high during low tide, which is consistent with the observation that intense particle bursts were linked to high concentrations of IA in clean coastal regions. Besides, SA and A can stabilize IA clusters by the formation of more halogen bonds and hydrogen bonds as well as proton transfers, and the binary nucleation of IA-SA/A rather than the self-nucleation of IA appears to be the dominant pathways in polluted coastal regions, especially in winter. These new insights are helpful to understand the mechanisms of new particle formation induced by IA in clean and polluted coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Medical, Zhangjiakou University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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22
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Wang M, Kong W, Marten R, He XC, Chen D, Pfeifer J, Heitto A, Kontkanen J, Dada L, Kürten A, Yli-Juuti T, Manninen HE, Amanatidis S, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Baccarini A, Bell DM, Bertozzi B, Bräkling S, Brilke S, Murillo LC, Chiu R, Chu B, De Menezes LP, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Carracedo LG, Granzin M, Guida R, Hansel A, Hofbauer V, Krechmer J, Lehtipalo K, Lamkaddam H, Lampimäki M, Lee CP, Makhmutov V, Marie G, Mathot S, Mauldin RL, Mentler B, Müller T, Onnela A, Partoll E, Petäjä T, Philippov M, Pospisilova V, Ranjithkumar A, Rissanen M, Rörup B, Scholz W, Shen J, Simon M, Sipilä M, Steiner G, Stolzenburg D, Tham YJ, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Wang DS, Wang Y, Weber SK, Winkler PM, Wlasits PJ, Wu Y, Xiao M, Ye Q, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Zhou X, Volkamer R, Riipinen I, Dommen J, Curtius J, Baltensperger U, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Kirkby J, Seinfeld JH, El-Haddad I, Flagan RC, Donahue NM. Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation. Nature 2020; 581:184-189. [PMID: 32405020 PMCID: PMC7334196 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling3. If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new urban particles should be rapidly scavenged by the high concentration of pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the CLOUD chamber at CERN, that below about +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid and ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated particles as small as a few nanometres in diameter. Moreover, when it is cold enough (below -15 degrees Celsius), nitric acid and ammonia can nucleate directly through an acid-base stabilization mechanism to form ammonium nitrate particles. Given that these vapours are often one thousand times more abundant than sulfuric acid, the resulting particle growth rates can be extremely high, reaching well above 100 nanometres per hour. However, these high growth rates require the gas-particle ammonium nitrate system to be out of equilibrium in order to sustain gas-phase supersaturations. In view of the strong temperature dependence that we measure for the gas-phase supersaturations, we expect such transient conditions to occur in inhomogeneous urban settings, especially in wintertime, driven by vertical mixing and by strong local sources such as traffic. Even though rapid growth from nitric acid and ammonia condensation may last for only a few minutes, it is nonetheless fast enough to shepherd freshly nucleated particles through the smallest size range where they are most vulnerable to scavenging loss, thus greatly increasing their survival probability. We also expect nitric acid and ammonia nucleation and rapid growth to be important in the relatively clean and cold upper free troposphere, where ammonia can be convected from the continental boundary layer and nitric acid is abundant from electrical storms4,5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Weimeng Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dexian Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arto Heitto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Taina Yli-Juuti
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Amanatidis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - António Amorim
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Sophia Brilke
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucía Caudillo Murillo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Randall Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Biwu Chu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Manuel Granzin
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberto Guida
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Serge Mathot
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Müller
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antti Onnela
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Partoll
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Matti Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerhard Steiner
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Grimm Aerosol Technik Ainring, Ainring, Germany
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - António Tomé
- Institute Infante Dom Luíz, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan K Weber
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Qing Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Richard C Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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23
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Chen D, Li D, Wang C, Luo Y, Liu F, Wang W. Atmospheric implications of hydration on the formation of methanesulfonic acid and methylamine clusters: A theoretical study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125538. [PMID: 31835047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hydration on the formation mechanism of clusters consisting of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and methylamine (MA) is investigated by quantum chemistry (Density Functional Theory, DFT) and kinetics simulation (Atmospheric Chemical Dynamic Code, ACDC) methods. The results showed that the process of hydration is favorable from the thermodynamic point of view, and the presence of water molecules can promote proton transfer significantly. Although MA has a significant influence on the formation rate of MSA-based clusters at the parts per trillion (ppt) levels, the effective nucleation of MSA-MA anhydrous clusters hardly seems to occur under common typical atmospheric conditions. The high concentrations of precursors ([MSA] > 6 × 107 molecules·cm-3 and [MA] > 1 ppt or [MSA] > 1 × 106 molecules·cm-3 and [MA] > 100 ppt) is necessary for the effective nucleation of the MSA-MA system. The formation rate of the MSA-MA system is enhanced significantly by hydration. The formation rate increases with the relative humidity (RH) and reached up to a factor of 2700 at RH = 40%. The formation mechanism of the hydrous system is different from the anhydrous system. The formation of (MSA)2 and (MSA)(MA) dimers is the rate-determining step of the anhydrous and hydrous systems, respectively. In addition, the growth pathway of clusters was complicated by low temperature and simplified by high humidity, respectively. In general, although humidity is a very favorable factor for the formation of the MSA-MA system, the involvement of other species (such as sulfuric acid) may be more effective to promote the nucleation of the MSA-MA system under typical atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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24
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Li D, Chen D, Liu F, Wang W. Role of glycine on sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters formation: Transporter or participator. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 89:125-135. [PMID: 31892385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycine (Gly) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a vital role in new particle formation (NPF). However, the potential mechanism of its on sulfuric acid (SA) - ammonia (A) clusters formation under various atmospheric conditions is still ambiguous. Herein, a (Gly)x·(SA)y·(A)z (z ≤ x + y ≤ 3) multicomponent system was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) combined with Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) at different temperatures and precursor concentrations. The results show that Gly, with one carboxyl (-COOH) and one amine (-NH2) group, can interact strongly with SA and A in two directions through hydrogen bonds or proton transfer. Within the relevant range of atmospheric concentrations, Gly can enhance the formation rate of SA-A-based clusters, especially at low temperature, low [SA], and median [A]. The enhancement (R) of Gly on NPF can be up to 340 at T = 218.15 K, [SA] = 104, [A] = 109, and [Gly] = 107 molecules/cm3. In addition, the main growth paths of clusters show that Gly molecules participate into cluster formation in the initial stage and eventually leave the cluster by evaporation in subsequent cluster growth at low [Gly], it acts as an important "transporter" to connect the smaller and larger cluster. With the increase of [Gly], it acts as a "participator" directly participating in NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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25
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Ni S, Bai FY, Pan XM. Atmospheric chemistry of thiourea: nucleation with urea and roles in NO2 hydrolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8109-8117. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04300d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nucleation with urea and roles in NO2 hydrolysis in the presence of thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ni
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
| | - Feng-Yang Bai
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang Normal University
- Shenyang
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
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26
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Ma F, Xie HB, Elm J, Shen J, Chen J, Vehkamäki H. Piperazine Enhancing Sulfuric Acid-Based New Particle Formation: Implications for the Atmospheric Fate of Piperazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8785-8795. [PMID: 31287292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine (PZ), a cyclic diamine, is one of 160 detected atmospheric amines and an alternative solvent to the widely used monoethanolamine in post-combustion CO2 capture. Participating in H2SO4 (sulfuric acid, SA)-based new particle formation (NPF) could be an important removal pathway for PZ. Here, we employed quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling to evaluate the enhancing potential of PZ on SA-based NPF by examining the formation of PZ-SA clusters. The results indicate that PZ behaves more like a monoamine in stabilizing SA and can enhance SA-based NPF at the parts per trillion (ppt) level. The enhancing potential of PZ is less than that of the chainlike diamine putrescine and greater than that of dimethylamine, which is one of the strongest enhancing agents confirmed by ambient observations and experiments. After the initial formation of the (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster, the cluster mainly grows by gradual addition of SA or PZ monomer, followed by addition of (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster. We find that the ratio of PZ removal by NPF to that by the combination of NPF and oxidations is 0.5-0.97 at 278.15 K. As a result, we conclude that participation in the NPF pathway could significantly alter the environmental impact of PZ compared to only considering oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK- 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jiewen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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27
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Zhong J, Li H, Kumar M, Liu J, Liu L, Zhang X, Zeng XC, Francisco JS. Mechanistic Insight into the Reaction of Organic Acids with SO
3
at the Air–Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6316 USA
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28
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Zhong J, Li H, Kumar M, Liu J, Liu L, Zhang X, Zeng XC, Francisco JS. Mechanistic Insight into the Reaction of Organic Acids with SO
3
at the Air–Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8351-8355. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministy of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Inistitute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6316 USA
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29
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Valadbeigi Y, Kurtén T. Clustering of HClO 4 with Brønsted (H 2SO 4, HClO 4, HNO 3) and Lewis acids BX 3 (X = H, F, Cl, Br, OH): a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of HClO4 with Lewis and Brønsted acids leads to a variety of clusters exhibiting a wide range of acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Imam Khomeini International University
- Qazvin
- Iran
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- P.O. Box 55
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
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30
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Li H, Zhong J, Vehkamäki H, Kurtén T, Wang W, Ge M, Zhang S, Li Z, Zhang X, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Self-Catalytic Reaction of SO3 and NH3 To Produce Sulfamic Acid and Its Implication to Atmospheric Particle Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11020-11028. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | | | | | - Weigang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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