1
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Chen Z, Zhou H, Kong F, Dou Z, Wang M. Selectivity switch via tuning surface static electric field in photocatalytic alcohol conversion. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100659. [PMID: 39071221 PMCID: PMC11278800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis has shown great potential in organic reactions, while controlling the selectivity is a long-standing goal and challenge due to the involvement of various radical intermediates. In this study, we have realized selectivity control in the photocatalytic conversion of alcohols via engineering the surface static electric field of the CdS semiconductor. By leveraging the Au-CdS interaction to adjust lattice strain, which influences the intensity of the surface static electric field, we altered the pathways of alcohol conversion. The increased intensity of the surface static electric field changed the activation pathways of the C-H/O-H bond, leading to the selective formation of targeted C/O-based radical intermediates and altering the selectivity from aldehydes to dimers. A wide range of alcohols, such as aromatic alcohol and thiophenol alcohol, were selectively converted into aldehyde or dimer. This work provides an effective strategy for selectively controlling reaction pathways by generating a surface electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fanhao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaolin Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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2
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Li Y, Ding J, Qin W. Enhanced Selectivity in Microdroplet-Mediated Enzyme Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39073863 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Natural enzymes with enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity have long been studied by tuning the microenvironment around the active site, but how to modulate the active-site electric field in a simple fashion remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that microdroplets as a simple yet versatile reactor can enhance the electric field at the active site of an enzyme. By using horseradish peroxidase as a model, improved selectivity in microdroplet-mediated enzyme catalysis can be obtained. Quantum mechanical/molecular dynamics calculations and vibrational Stark spectroscopy reveal that the electric field at the microdroplet interface can influence the electrostatic preorganization and orientation of the enzyme to enhance its internal electric field. As a result, the free energies of the substrate and heme can be tuned by the internal electric field, thereby changing its catalytic reaction pathway for a classical substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, and enabling selective C-N additions for specific substrates. This finding provides a green, simple, and effective way to modulate enzyme-catalyzed reactions and holds promise for a broad spectrum of biosensing and biosynthesis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Yu J, Ramirez LM, Lin Q, Burz DS, Shekhtman A. Ribosome External Electric Field Regulates Metabolic Enzyme Activity: The RAMBO Effect. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:7002-7021. [PMID: 39012038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Ribosomes bind to many metabolic enzymes and change their activity. A general mechanism for ribosome-mediated amplification of metabolic enzyme activity, RAMBO, was formulated and elucidated for the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase, TPI. The RAMBO effect results from a ribosome-dependent electric field-substrate dipole interaction energy that can increase or decrease the ground state of the reactant and product to regulate catalytic rates. NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the interaction surface of TPI binding to ribosomes and to measure the corresponding kinetic rates in the absence and presence of intact ribosome particles. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry revealed potential ribosomal protein binding partners of TPI. Structural results and related changes in TPI energetics and activity show that the interaction between TPI and ribosomal protein L11 mediate the RAMBO effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lisa M Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Qishan Lin
- RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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4
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Wibowo-Teale M, Huynh BC, Wibowo-Teale AM, De Proft F, Geerlings P. Symmetry and reactivity of π-systems in electric and magnetic fields: a perspective from conceptual DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15156-15180. [PMID: 38747576 PMCID: PMC11135622 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The extension of conceptual density-functional theory (conceptual DFT) to include external electromagnetic fields in chemical systems is utilised to investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the electronic charge distribution and its consequences on the reactivity of π-systems. Formaldehyde, H2CO, is considered as a prototypical example and current-density-functional theory (current-DFT) calculations are used to evaluate the electric dipole moment together with two principal local conceptual DFT descriptors, the electron density and the Fukui functions, which provide insight into how H2CO behaves chemically in a magnetic field. In particular, the symmetry properties of these quantities are analysed on the basis of group, representation, and corepresentation theories using a recently developed automatic program for symbolic symmetry analysis, QSYM2. This allows us to leverage the simple symmetry constraints on the macroscopic electric dipole moment components to make profound predictions on the more nuanced symmetry transformation properties of the microscopic frontier molecular orbitals (MOs), electron densities, and Fukui functions. This is especially useful for complex-valued MOs in magnetic fields whose detailed symmetry analyses lead us to define the new concepts of modular and phasal symmetry breaking. Through these concepts, the deep connection between the vanishing constraints on the electric dipole moment components and the symmetry of electron densities and Fukui functions can be formalised, and the inability of the magnetic field in all three principal orientations considered to induce asymmetry with respect to the molecular plane of H2CO can be understood from a molecular perspective. Furthermore, the detailed forms of the Fukui functions reveal a remarkable reversal in the direction of the dipole moment along the CO bond in the presence of a parallel or perpendicular magnetic field, the origin of which can be attributed to the mixing between the frontier MOs due to their subduced symmetries in magnetic fields. The findings in this work are also discussed in the wider context of a long-standing debate on the possibility to create enantioselectivity by external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilani Wibowo-Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Bang C Huynh
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Andrew M Wibowo-Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Frank De Proft
- Research group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Research group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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5
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Shaik S. My Vision of Electric-Field-Aided Chemistry in 2050. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:191-201. [PMID: 38800723 PMCID: PMC11117677 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript outlines my outlook on the development of electric-field (EF)-mediated-chemistry and the vision of its state by 2050. I discuss applications of oriented-external electric-fields (OEEFs) on chemical reactions and proceed with relevant experimental verifications. Subsequently, the Perspective outlines other ways of generating EFs, e.g., by use of pH-switchable charges, ionic additives, water droplets, and so on. A special section summarizes conceptual principles for understanding and predicting OEEF effects, e.g., the "reaction-axis rule", the capability of OEEFs to act as tweezers that orient reactants and accelerate their reaction, etc. Finally, I discuss applications of OEEFs in continuous-flow setups, which may, in principle, scale-up to molar concentrations. The Perspective ends with the vision that by 2050, OEEF usage will change chemical education, if not also the art of making new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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6
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Bofill JM, Severi M, Quapp W, Ribas-Ariño J, de P R Moreira I, Albareda G. Optimal Oriented External Electric Fields to Trigger a Barrierless Oxaphosphetane Ring Opening Step of the Wittig Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400173. [PMID: 38457260 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is one of the most important processes in organic chemistry for the asymmetric synthesis of olefinic compounds. In view of the increasingly acknowledged potentiality of the electric fields in promoting reactions, here we will consider the effect of the oriented external electric field (OEEF) on the second step of Wittig reaction (i. e. the ring opening oxaphosphetane) in a model system for non-stabilized ylides. In particular, we have determined the optimal direction and strength of the electric field that should be applied to annihilate the reaction barrier of the ring opening through the polarizable molecular electric dipole (PMED) model that we have recently developed. We conclude that the application of the optimal external electric field for the oxaphosphetane ring opening favours a Bestmann-like mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Bofill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Severi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Quapp
- Mathematisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, PF 100920, D-04009, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Alvarez-Hernandez JL, Zhang X, Cui K, Deziel AP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Hazari N, Piekut N, Zhong M. Long-range electrostatic effects from intramolecular Lewis acid binding influence the redox properties of cobalt-porphyrin complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6800-6815. [PMID: 38725508 PMCID: PMC11077573 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A CoII-porphyrin complex (1) with an appended aza-crown ether for Lewis acid (LA) binding was synthesized and characterized. NMR spectroscopy and electrochemistry show that cationic group I and II LAs (i.e., Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) bind to the aza-crown ether group of 1. The binding constant for Li+ is comparable to that observed for a free aza-crown ether. LA binding causes an anodic shift in the CoII/CoI couple of between 10 and 40 mV and also impacts the CoIII/CoII couple. The magnitude of the anodic shift of the CoII/CoI couple varies linearly with the strength of the LA as determined by the pKa of the corresponding metal-aqua complex, with dications giving larger shifts than monocations. The extent of the anodic shift of the CoII/CoI couple also increases as the ionic strength of the solution decreases. This is consistent with electric field effects being responsible for the changes in the redox properties of 1 upon LA binding and provides a novel method to tune the reduction potential. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the bound LA is 5.6 to 6.8 Å away from the CoII ion, demonstrating that long-range electrostatic effects, which do not involve changes to the primary coordination sphere, are responsible for the variations in redox chemistry. Compound 1 was investigated as a CO2 reduction electrocatalyst and shows high activity but rapid decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | | | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Nicole Piekut
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
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8
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Tomczyk I, Kalek M. Electrochemical Dearomatizing Methoxylation of Phenols and Naphthols: Synthetic and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303916. [PMID: 38315289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidative dearomatizing methoxylation of phenols and naphthols was developed. It provides an alternative route for the preparation of methoxycyclohexadienones, important and versatile synthetic intermediates, that eliminates the need for stoichiometric high-energy chemical oxidants and generates hydrogen as a sole by-product. The reaction proceeds in a simple constant current mode, in an undivided cell, and it employs standardized instrumentation. A collection of methoxycyclohexadienones derived from various 2,4,6-tri-substituted phenols and 1-substituted-2-naphthols was obtained in moderate to excellent yields. These include a complex derivative of estrone, as well as methoxylated dearomatized 1,1'-bi-2-naphthols (BINOLs). The mechanism of the reaction was subject to profound investigations using density functional theory calculations. In particular, the reactivity of two key intermediates, phenoxyl radical and phenoxenium ion, was carefully examined. The obtained results shed light on the pathway leading to the desired product and rationalize experimentally observed selectivities regarding a side benzylic methoxylation and the preference for the functionalization at the para over the ortho position. They also uncover the structure-selectivity relationship, inversely correlating the steric bulk of the substrate with its propensity to undergo the side-reaction. Moreover, the loss of stereochemical information from enantiopure BINOL substrates during the reaction is rationalized by the computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Tomczyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalek
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Sevim S, Sanchis-Gual R, Franco C, Aragonès AC, Darwish N, Kim D, Picca RA, Nelson BJ, Ruiz E, Pané S, Díez-Pérez I, Puigmartí-Luis J. Electrostatic catalysis of a click reaction in a microfluidic cell. Nat Commun 2024; 15:790. [PMID: 38278792 PMCID: PMC10817948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric fields have been highlighted as a smart reagent in nature's enzymatic machinery, as they can directly trigger or accelerate chemical processes with stereo- and regio-specificity. In enzymatic catalysis, controlled mass transport of chemical species is also key in facilitating the availability of reactants in the active reaction site. However, recent progress in developing a clean catalysis that profits from oriented electric fields is limited to theoretical and experimental studies at the single molecule level, where both the control over mass transport and scalability cannot be tested. Here, we quantify the electrostatic catalysis of a prototypical Huisgen cycloaddition in a large-area electrode surface and directly compare its performance to the conventional Cu(I) catalysis. Our custom-built microfluidic cell enhances reagent transport towards the electrified reactive interface. This continuous-flow microfluidic electrostatic reactor is an example of an electric-field driven platform where clean large-scale electrostatic catalytic processes can be efficiently implemented and regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Sevim
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Sanchis-Gual
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Franco
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert C Aragonès
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona (UB), Marti i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rosaria Anna Picca
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pané
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona (UB), Marti i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Siddiqui SA, Stuyver T, Shaik S, Dubey KD. Designed Local Electric Fields-Promising Tools for Enzyme Engineering. JACS AU 2023; 3:3259-3269. [PMID: 38155642 PMCID: PMC10752214 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient catalysts is one of the ultimate goals of chemists. In this Perspective, we discuss how local electric fields (LEFs) can be exploited to improve the catalytic performance of supramolecular catalysts, such as enzymes. More specifically, this Perspective starts by laying out the fundamentals of how local electric fields affect chemical reactivity and review the computational tools available to study electric fields in various settings. Subsequently, the advances made so far in optimizing enzymatic electric fields through targeted mutations are discussed critically and concisely. The Perspective ends with an outlook on some anticipated evolutions of the field in the near future. Among others, we offer some pointers on how the recent data science/machine learning revolution, engulfing all science disciplines, could potentially provide robust and principled tools to facilitate rapid inference of electric field effects, as well as the translation between optimal electrostatic environments and corresponding chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ali Siddiqui
- Molecular Simulation Lab, Department of Chemistry,
School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence,
Delhi NCR, India 201314
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de
Chimie de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health
Sciences, 75 005 Paris, France
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J Safra Campus,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem,
9190400, Israel
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Molecular Simulation Lab, Department of Chemistry,
School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence,
Delhi NCR, India 201314
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11
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Alonso M, Bettens T, Eeckhoudt J, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Wandering through quantum-mechanochemistry: from concepts to reactivity and switches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:21-35. [PMID: 38086672 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04907h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry has experienced a renaissance in recent years witnessing, at the molecular level, a remarkable interplay between theory and experiment. Molecular mechanochemistry has welcomed a broad spectrum of quantum-chemical methods to evaluate the influence of an external mechanical force on molecular properties. In this contribution, an overview is given on recent work on quantum mechanochemistry in the Brussels Quantum Chemistry group (ALGC). The effect of an external force was scrutinized both in fundamental topics, like reactivity descriptors in Conceptual DFT, and in applied topics, such as designing molecular force probes and tuning the stereoselectivity of certain types of reactions. In the conceptual part, a brief overview of the techniques introducing mechanical forces into a quantum-mechanical description of a molecule is followed by an introduction to conceptual DFT. The evolution of the electronic chemical potential (or electronegativity), chemical hardness and electrophilicity are investigated when a chemical bond in a series of diatomics is put under mechanical stress. Its counterpart, the influence of mechanical stress on bond angles, is analyzed by varying the strain present in alkyne triple bonds by applying a bending force, taking the strain promoted alkyne-azide coupling cycloaddition as an example. The increase of reactivity of the alkyne upon bending is probed by Fukui functions and the local softness. In the applied part, a new molecular force probe is presented based on an intramolecular 6π-electrocyclization in constrained polyenes operating under thermal conditions. A cyclic process is conceived where ring opening and closure are triggered by applying or removing an external pulling force. The efficiency of mechanical activation strongly depends on the magnitude of the applied force and the distance between the pulling points. The idea of pulling point distances as a tool to identify new mechanochemical processes is then tested in [28]hexaphyrins with an intricate equilibrium between Möbius aromatic and Hückel antiaromatic topologies. A mechanical force is shown to trigger the interconversion between the two topologies, using the distance matrix as a guide to select appropriate pulling points. In a final application, the Felkin-Anh model for the addition of nucleophiles to chiral carbonyls under the presence of an external mechanical force is scrutinized. By applying a force for restricting the conformational freedom of the chiral ketone, otherwise inaccessible reaction pathways are promoted on the force-modified potential energy surfaces resulting in a diastereoselectivity different from the force-free reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tom Bettens
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jochen Eeckhoudt
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Gutiérrez López MÁ, Tan ML, Renno G, Jozeliūnaitė A, Nué-Martinez JJ, Lopez-Andarias J, Sakai N, Matile S. Anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1881-1894. [PMID: 38116243 PMCID: PMC10729121 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion-π catalysis, introduced in 2013, stands for the stabilization of anionic transition states on π-acidic aromatic surfaces. Anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes is particularly attractive because high polarizability promises access to really strong anion-π interactions. With these expectations, anion-π catalysis on fullerenes has been introduced in 2017, followed by carbon nanotubes in 2019. Consistent with expectations from theory, anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes generally increases with polarizability. Realized examples reach from enolate addition chemistry to asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions and autocatalytic ether cyclizations. Currently, anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes gains momentum because the combination with electric-field-assisted catalysis promises transformative impact on organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei-Ling Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Renno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Song Z, Liang C, Gong K, Zhao S, Yuan X, Zhang X, Xie J. Harnessing the High Interfacial Electric Fields on Water Microdroplets to Accelerate Menshutkin Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26003-26008. [PMID: 38011046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Even though it is still an emerging field, the application of a high external electric field (EEF) as a green and efficient catalyst in synthetic chemistry has recently received significant attention for the ability to deliver remarkable control of reaction selectivity and acceleration of reaction rates. Here, we extend the application of the EEF to Menshutkin reactions by taking advantage of the spontaneous high electric field at the air-water interfaces of sprayed water microdroplets. Experimentally, a series of Menshutkin reactions were accelerated by 7 orders of magnitude. Theoretically, both density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations predict that the reaction barrier decreases significantly in the presence of oriented external electric fields, thereby supporting the notion that the electric fields in the water droplets are responsible for the catalysis. In addition, the ordered solvent and reactant molecules oriented by the electric field alleviate the steric effect of solvents and increase the successful collision rates, thus facilitating faster nucleophilic attack. The success of Menshutkin reactions in this study showcases the great potential of microdroplet chemistry for green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chiyu Liang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Supin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Qiu G, Schreiner PR. The Intrinsic Barrier Width and Its Role in Chemical Reactivity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2129-2137. [PMID: 38033803 PMCID: PMC10683502 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions are in virtually all cases understood and explained on the basis of depicting the molecular potential energy landscape, i.e., the change in atomic positions vs the free-energy change. With such landscapes, the features of the reaction barriers solely determine chemical reactivities. The Marcus dissection of the barrier height (activation energy) on such a potential into the thermodynamically independent (intrinsic) and the thermodynamically dependent (Bell-Evans-Polanyi) contributions successfully models the interplay of reaction rate and driving force. This has led to the well-known and ubiquitously used reactivity paradigm of "kinetic versus thermodynamic control". However, an analogous dissection concept regarding the barrier width is absent. Here we define and outline the concept of intrinsic barrier width and the driving force effect on the barrier width and report experimental as well as theoretical studies to demonstrate their distinct roles. We present the idea of changing the barrier widths of conformational isomerizations of some simple aromatic carboxylic acids as models and use quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) half-lives as a read-out for these changes because QMT is particularly sensitive to barrier widths. We demonstrate the distinct roles of the intrinsic and the thermodynamic contributions of the barrier width on QMT half-lives. This sheds light on resolving conflicting trends in chemical reactivities where barrier widths are relevant and allows us to draw some important conclusions about the general relevance of barrier widths, their qualitative definition, and the consequences for more complete descriptions of chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqi Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Gopakumar K, Samantaray V, Prusty MK, Swain L, Ramanan R. Internal charge-transfer in a metal-catalyzed oxidative addition reaction turns an inhibitive electric field stimulus to catalytic. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13054-13057. [PMID: 37846773 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In a metal-catalyzed oxidative addition, an oriented external electric field (EEF) catalyzes the reaction along one direction and inhibits it when applied in the opposite direction. Beyond a threshold value, the inhibitory direction becomes catalyzing by swapping the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) to ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) or vice versa. The change in direction of the charge-transfer mechanism triggers the inversion of the dipole moment along the reaction axis, that results in the resurgence of catalysis. The charge-transfer mechanism in metal-catalyzed oxidative addition is tunable by EEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Vivekananda Samantaray
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Mithun Kumar Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Lopita Swain
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Rajeev Ramanan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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16
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Dempsey SH, Cao W, Wang XB, Kass SR. Anion-Activated Bases and Nucleophiles Characterized by Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8828-8833. [PMID: 37844075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Negative ion photoelectron spectra at 20 K along with ab initio [CCSD(T)] and M06-2X density functional theory calculations are reported for a series of six basic and nucleophilic pyridine derivatives with an anionic substituent [i.e., 3- and 4-PyrBX3-, where X = F, 4-t-BuC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, and 3,5-(MeO)2C6H3]. Vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of these charge-activated reagents span from 4.50-5.85 eV and are well reproduced by M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/maug-cc-pVTZ computations. Surprisingly, the VDEs are found to correlate with the SN2 reactivity of the PPh4+ salts of the substituted pyridine anions with 1-iodooctane in dichloromethane. This provides an experimental measure of the nucleophilicity of these charge-activated anions, which represent a new class of chemical reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Steven R Kass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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17
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Gutiérrez López MÁ, Ali R, Tan ML, Sakai N, Wirth T, Matile S. Electric field-assisted anion-π catalysis on carbon nanotubes in electrochemical microfluidic devices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj5502. [PMID: 37824606 PMCID: PMC10569703 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The vision to control the charges migrating during reactions with external electric fields is attractive because of the promise of general catalysis, emergent properties, and programmable devices. Here, we explore this idea with anion-π catalysis, that is the stabilization of anionic transition states on aromatic surfaces. Catalyst activation by polarization of the aromatic system is most effective. This polarization is induced by electric fields. The use of electrochemical microfluidic reactors to polarize multiwalled carbon nanotubes as anion-π catalysts emerges as essential. These reactors provide access to high fields at low enough voltage to prevent electron transfer, afford meaningful effective catalyst/substrate ratios, and avoid interference from additional electrolytes. Under these conditions, the rate of pyrene-interfaced epoxide-opening ether cyclizations is linearly voltage-dependent at positive voltages and negligible at negative voltages. While electromicrofluidics have been conceived for redox chemistry, our results indicate that their use for supramolecular organocatalysis has the potential to noncovalently electrify organic synthesis in the broadest sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Gutiérrez López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rojan Ali
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Mei-Ling Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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18
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Zhang Y, Jiang B. Universal machine learning for the response of atomistic systems to external fields. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6424. [PMID: 37827998 PMCID: PMC10570356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learned interatomic interaction potentials have enabled efficient and accurate molecular simulations of closed systems. However, external fields, which can greatly change the chemical structure and/or reactivity, have been seldom included in current machine learning models. This work proposes a universal field-induced recursively embedded atom neural network (FIREANN) model, which integrates a pseudo field vector-dependent feature into atomic descriptors to represent system-field interactions with rigorous rotational equivariance. This "all-in-one" approach correlates various response properties like dipole moment and polarizability with the field-dependent potential energy in a single model, very suitable for spectroscopic and dynamics simulations in molecular and periodic systems in the presence of electric fields. Especially for periodic systems, we find that FIREANN can overcome the intrinsic multiple-value issue of the polarization by training atomic forces only. These results validate the universality and capability of the FIREANN method for efficient first-principles modeling of complicated systems in strong external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
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19
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Diao W, Farrell JD, Wang B, Ye F, Wang Z. Preorganized Internal Electric Field Promotes a Double-Displacement Mechanism for the Adenine Excision Reaction by Adenine DNA Glycosylase. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8551-8564. [PMID: 37782825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenine DNA glycosylase (MutY) is a monofunctional glycosylase, removing adenines (A) misinserted opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), a common product of oxidative damage to DNA. Through multiscale calculations, we decipher a detailed adenine excision mechanism of MutY that is consistent with all available experimental data, involving an initial protonation step and two nucleophilic displacement steps. During the first displacement step, N-glycosidic bond cleavage is accompanied by the attack of the carboxylate group of residue Asp144 at the anomeric carbon (C1'), forming a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate to stabilize the fleeting oxocarbenium ion. After departure of the excised base, water nucleophiles can be recruited to displace Asp144, completing the catalytic cycle with retention of stereochemistry at the C1' position. The two displacement reactions are found to mostly involve the movement of the oxocarbenium ion, occurring with large charge reorganization and thus sensitive to the internal electric field (IEF) exerted by the polar protein environment. Intriguingly, we find that the negatively charged carboxylate group is a good nucleophile for the oxocarbenium ion, yet an unactivated water molecule is not, and that the electric field catalysis strategy is used by the enzyme to enable its unique double-displacement reaction mechanism. A strong IEF, pointing toward 5' direction of the substrate sugar ring, greatly facilitates the second displacement reaction at the expense of elevating the barrier of the first one, thereby allowing both reactions to occur. These findings not only increase our understanding of the strategies used by DNA glycosylases to repair DNA lesions, but also have important implications for how internal/external electric field can be applied to modulate chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Diao
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - James D Farrell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhanfeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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20
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Zhu C, Pham LN, Yuan X, Ouyang H, Coote ML, Zhang X. High Electric Fields on Water Microdroplets Catalyze Spontaneous and Fast Reactions in Halogen-Bond Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21207-21212. [PMID: 37724917 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of external electric fields as green and efficient catalysts in synthetic chemistry has recently received significant attention for their ability to deliver remarkable control of reaction selectivity and acceleration of reaction rates. Technically, methods of generating high electric fields in the range of 1-10 V/nm are limited, as in-vacuo techniques have obvious scalability issues. The spontaneous high fields at various interfaces promise to solve this problem. In this study, we take advantage of the spontaneous high electric field at the air-water interface of sprayed water microdroplets in the reactions of several halogen bond systems: Nu:--X-X, where Nu: is pyridine or quinuclidine and X is bromine or iodine. The field facilitates ultrafast electron transfer from Nu:, yielding a Nu-X covalent bond and causing the X-X bond to cleave. This reaction occurs in microseconds in microdroplets but takes days to weeks in bulk solution. Density functional theory calculations predict that the reaction becomes barrier-free in the presence of oriented external electric fields, supporting the notion that the electric fields in the water droplets are responsible for the catalysis. We anticipate that microdroplet chemistry will be an avenue rich in opportunities in the reactions facilitated by high electric fields and provides an alternative way to tackle the scalability problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haoran Ouyang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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21
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Bofill JM, Severi M, Quapp W, Ribas-Ariño J, Moreira IDPR, Albareda G. An algorithm to find the optimal oriented external electrostatic field for annihilating a reaction barrier in a polarizable molecular system. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114112. [PMID: 37724726 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) to promote and control chemical reactivity has motivated many theoretical and computational studies in the last decade to model the action of OEEFs on a molecular system and its effects on chemical processes. Given a reaction, a central goal in this research area is to predict the optimal OEEF (oOEEF) required to annihilate the reaction energy barrier with the smallest possible field strength. Here, we present a model rooted in catastrophe and optimum control theories that allows us to find the oOEEF for a given reaction valley in the potential energy surface (PES). In this model, the effective (or perturbed) PES of a polarizable molecular system is constructed by adding to the original, non-perturbed, PES a term accounting for the interaction of the OEEF with the intrinsic electric dipole and polarizability of the molecular system, so called the polarizable molecular electric dipole (PMED) model. We demonstrate that the oOEEF can be established by locating a point in the original PES with unique topological properties: the optimal barrier breakdown or bond-breaking point (oBBP). The essential feature of the oBBP structure is the fact that this point maintains its topological properties for all the applied OEEFs, also for the unperturbed PES, thus becoming much more relevant than the commonly used minima and transition state structures. The PMED model proposed here has been implemented in an open access package and is shown to successfully predict the oOEEF for two processes: an isomerization reaction of a cumulene derivative and the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Bofill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Severi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Quapp
- Mathematisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, PF 100920, D-04009 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Albareda
- Ideaded, Carrer de la Tecnologia, 35, 08840 Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Gopakumar K, Shaik S, Ramanan R. Two-Way Catalysis in a Diels-Alder Reaction Limits Inhibition Induced by an External Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307579. [PMID: 37530131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Oriented external electric fields (EEFs) act as catalysts that can induce selectivity in chemical reactions. The responses of the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between butadiene and ethylene (BDE-DA) as well as cyclopentadiene and ethylene (CPDE-DA) towards EEF stimuli are investigated here using density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. EEF is a vector that catalyzes the reaction in one direction while inhibiting it in the opposite direction. Here we report that the inhibitive direction becomes rate-enhancing after some increase in the EEF. The EEF value that brings about the maximum possible inhibition for the reaction is defined as the electrostatic resistance point (ERP). The possibility of both normal and inverse electron-demand DA reactions causes catalytic activity in both directions of the EEF starting at a unique ERP value. The C5 substituents of cyclopentadiene control the ERP values depending upon the resistance power that the functional group provides against the EEF. The endo and exo diastereomeric transition states of the DA reaction have distinct ERP values and the difference (ΔERP) provides the through-space electrostatic contribution to the stereoselectivity on a relative scale. Thus, the ERP values can be used as a gauge for the electrostatic interactions between substituent groups and external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190407, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rajeev Ramanan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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23
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Alayoglu P, Chang T, Lorenzo Ocampo MV, Murray LJ, Chen YS, Mankad NP. Metal Site-Specific Electrostatic Field Effects on a Tricopper(I) Cluster Probed by Resonant Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15267-15276. [PMID: 37651726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of multinuclear metal complexes are greatly enhanced by resonant diffraction measurements, which probe X-ray absorption profiles of crystallographically independent metal sites within a cluster. In particular, X-ray diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) analysis provides data that can be interpreted akin to site-specific XANES, allowing for differences in metal K-edge resonances to be deconvoluted even for different metal sites within a homometallic system. Despite the prevalence of Cu-containing clusters in biology and energy science, DAFS has yet to be used to analyze multicopper complexes of any type until now. Here, we report an evaluation of trends using a series of strategically chosen Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes to determine how energy dependencies of anomalous scattering factors are impacted by coordination geometry, ligand shell, cluster nuclearity, and oxidation state. This calibration data is used to analyze a formally tricopper(I) complex that was found by DAFS to be site-differentiated due to the unsymmetrical influence on different Cu sites of the electrostatic field from a proximal K+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - M Victoria Lorenzo Ocampo
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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24
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Zeng JM, Liu Q, Zhao JY, Deng R, Wang YF, Huang J, Li ZR. OEEF-Driven Intramolecular Self-Redox of Superalkali Rb 3BeB 6Be'Rb' 3: A High-Performance Candidate for NLO Molecular Switch. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30612-30620. [PMID: 37636977 PMCID: PMC10448663 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
To provide a novel intramolecular self-redox switch, a boron-based sandwich-like complex Rb3BeB6Be'Rb'3 is achieved by using theoretical computations. An applicable oriented external electric field (OEEF) can result in the occurrence of intramolecular self-redox (IMSR) with a long-range electron transfer from tetrahedral Be'Rb'3 to Rb3Be and subsequently [Rb3Be]3+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]3+ (D3d) changes to [Rb3Be]2+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]4+ (C3v), accompanying high-performance NLO switchable effect for both static and dynamic first hyperpolarizability (β0). [Rb3Be]3+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]3+ (off-form) owns zero of dipole moment (μ0) and β0, while [Rb3Be]2+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]4+ (on-form) exhibits a μ0 of 3.36 D and a β0e of 2.18 × 105 au. The different dynamic first hyperpolarizabilities between [Rb3Be]3+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]3+ and [Rb3Be]2+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]4+ are also significant. This indicates that Rb3BeB6Be'Rb'3 is a potential candidate for an IMSR NLO switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Zeng
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhao
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Yin-Feng Wang
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Jiangen Huang
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Li
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun CN 130023, China
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25
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Lv J, Sun R, Yang Q, Gan P, Yu S, Tan Z. Research on Electric Field-Induced Catalysis Using Single-Molecule Electrical Measurement. Molecules 2023; 28:4968. [PMID: 37446629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of catalysis in controlling chemical reactions is crucial. As an important external stimulus regulatory tool, electric field (EF) catalysis enables further possibilities for chemical reaction regulation. To date, the regulation mechanism of electric fields and electrons on chemical reactions has been modeled. The electric field at the single-molecule electronic scale provides a powerful theoretical weapon to explore the dynamics of individual chemical reactions. The combination of electric fields and single-molecule electronic techniques not only uncovers new principles but also results in the regulation of chemical reactions at the single-molecule scale. This perspective focuses on the recent electric field-catalyzed, single-molecule chemical reactions and assembly, and highlights promising outlooks for future work in single-molecule catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruiqin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Pengfei Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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26
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Tang C, Stuyver T, Lu T, Liu J, Ye Y, Gao T, Lin L, Zheng J, Liu W, Shi J, Shaik S, Xia H, Hong W. Voltage-driven control of single-molecule keto-enol equilibrium in a two-terminal junction system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3657. [PMID: 37339947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Keto-enol tautomerism, describing an equilibrium involving two tautomers with distinctive structures, provides a promising platform for modulating nanoscale charge transport. However, such equilibria are generally dominated by the keto form, while a high isomerization barrier limits the transformation to the enol form, suggesting a considerable challenge to control the tautomerism. Here, we achieve single-molecule control of a keto-enol equilibrium at room temperature by using a strategy that combines redox control and electric field modulation. Based on the control of charge injection in the single-molecule junction, we could access charged potential energy surfaces with opposite thermodynamic driving forces, i.e., exhibiting a preference for the conducting enol form, while the isomerization barrier is also significantly reduced. Thus, we could selectively obtain desired and stable tautomers, which leads to significant modulation of the single-molecule conductance. This work highlights the concept of single-molecule control of chemical reactions on more than one potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, 75 005, Paris, France
| | - Taige Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yiling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tengyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Luchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
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27
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Shiels OJ, Marlton SJP, Trevitt AJ. Protonation Isomer Specific Ion-Molecule Radical Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37339086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Through a combination of ion-mobility filtering and laser-equipped quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry, the gas-phase reaction kinetics of two protonation isomers of the distonic-radical quinazoline cation are independently measured with ethylene. For these radical addition reactions, protonation site variations drive significant changes in nearby radical reactivity, and this is primarily due to through-space electrostatic effects. Furthermore, quantum chemical methods specifically designed for calculating long-range interactions, such as double-hybrid density functional theory, are required to rationalize the experimentally measured difference in reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisin J Shiels
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel J P Marlton
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Dief EM, Low PJ, Díez-Pérez I, Darwish N. Advances in single-molecule junctions as tools for chemical and biochemical analysis. Nat Chem 2023; 15:600-614. [PMID: 37106094 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of miniaturized electronics has led to the design and construction of powerful experimental platforms capable of measuring electronic properties to the level of single molecules, along with new theoretical concepts to aid in the interpretation of the data. A new area of activity is now emerging concerned with repurposing the tools of molecular electronics for applications in chemical and biological analysis. Single-molecule junction techniques, such as the scanning tunnelling microscope break junction and related single-molecule circuit approaches have a remarkable capacity to transduce chemical information from individual molecules, sampled in real time, to electrical signals. In this Review, we discuss single-molecule junction approaches as emerging analytical tools for the chemical and biological sciences. We demonstrate how these analytical techniques are being extended to systems capable of probing chemical reaction mechanisms. We also examine how molecular junctions enable the detection of RNA, DNA, and traces of proteins in solution with limits of detection at the zeptomole level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Dief
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
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29
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Zhao X, Adijiang A, Xiang D. Activating weak electrophiles to break nonpolar C-C bonds with electric fields. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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30
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Datar A, Wright C, Matthews DA. Theoretical Investigation of the X-ray Stark Effect in Small Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1576-1587. [PMID: 36787229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the Stark effect in the soft x-ray region for various small molecules by calculating the field-dependent x-ray absorption spectra. This effect is explained in terms of the response of molecular orbitals (core and valence), the molecular dipole moment, and the molecular geometry to the applied electric field. A number of consistent trends are observed linking the computed shifts in absorption energies and intensities with specific features of the molecular electronic structure. We find that both the virtual molecular orbitals (valence and/or Rydberg) as well as the core orbitals contribute to observed trends in a complementary fashion. This initial study highlights the potential impact of x-ray Stark spectroscopy as a tool to study electronic structure and environmental perturbations at a submolecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avdhoot Datar
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Catherine Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Devin A Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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31
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Ma Z, Yan Z, Li X, Chung LW. Quantum Tunneling in Reactions Modulated by External Electric Fields: Reactivity and Selectivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1124-1132. [PMID: 36705472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum tunneling and external electric fields (EEFs) can promote some reactions. However, the synergetic effect of an EEF on a tunneling-involving reaction and its temperature-dependence is not very clear. In this study, we extensively investigated how EEFs affect three reactions that involve hydrogen- or (ground- and excited-state) carbon-tunneling using reliable DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T1), and variational transition-state theory methods. Our study revealed that oriented EEFs can significantly reduce the barrier and corresponding barrier width (and vice versa) through more electrostatic stabilization in transition states. These EEF effects enhance the nontunneling and tunneling-involving rates. Such EEF effects also decrease the crossover temperatures and quantum tunneling contribution, albeit with lower and thinner barriers. Moreover, EEFs can modulate and switch on/off the tunneling-driven 1,2-H migration of hydroxycarbenes under cryogenic conditions. Furthermore, our study predicts for the first time that EEF/tunneling synergy can control the chemo- or site-selectivity of one molecule bearing two similar/same reactive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ma
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zeyin Yan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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32
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Kempfer-Robertson EM, Avdic I, Haase MN, Pike TD, Thompson LM. Protonation state control of electric field induced molecular switching mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5251-5261. [PMID: 36723228 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy tip-induced deprotonation has been demonstrated experimentally and can be used as an additional control mechanism in electric-field induced molecular switching. The goal of the current work is to establish whether (de)protonation can be used to inhibit or enhance the electric field controlled thermal and photoisomerization processes. Dihydroxyazobenzene is used as a model system, where protonation/deprotonation of the free hydroxyl moiety changes the azo bond order, and so modifies the rate of electric field induced isomerization. Through the combined action of deprotonation and applied field, it was found that the cis-to-trans thermal isomerization barrier could be completely removed, changing the isomerization half-life from the order of several months. In addition, due to the presence of multiple isomerization mechanisms, electric fields could modify the isomerization kinetics by increasing the number of energetically viable isomerization pathways, rather than reducing the activation barrier of the lowest energy pathway. Excited state calculations indicated that the protonation state and electric field could be used together to control the presence of electronic degeneracies along the rotation pathway between S0/S1, and along all three pathways between S1/S2. This work provides insight into the mechanisms that enable the use of protonation state, light, and electric fields in concert to control molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Avdic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Meagan N Haase
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Thomas Dane Pike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
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33
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A catastrophe theory-based model for optimal control of chemical reactions by means of oriented electric fields. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-023-02959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of oriented external electric fields (OEEF) on chemical reactivity has been studied theoretically and computationally in the last decades. A central goal in this research area is to predict the orientation and the smallest amplitude electric field that renders a barrierless chemical process with the smallest possible strength. Recently, a model to find the optimal electric field has been proposed and described (Bofill JM et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 18:935, 2022). We here proof that this model is based on catastrophe and optimum control theories. Based on both theories a technical treatment of the model is given and applied to a two-dimensional generic example that provides insight into its nature and capability. Finally, the model is applied to determine the optimal OEEF for the trans-to-cis isomerization of a [3]cumulene derivative.
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34
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Geerlings P, De Proft F. External fields in conceptual density functional theory. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:442-455. [PMID: 36054623 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The necessity of the recent incorporation of new external variables in the context of conceptual DFT (CDFT) is discussed based on the ever-increasing portfolio of experimental reaction conditions in the endeavor of experimentalists to synthesize new molecules with unprecedented properties. Electric and magnetic fields (ε and B), mechanical forces (F), and confinement are proposed as valuable new variables, extending conventional CDFT and its associated response functions. A finite field approach is used to calculate the evolution of both global and local descriptors in a selected series of atomic and molecular applications, and from it derive new response function involving, with one exception, the first derivative to the field considered. The electric field results, displaying, for example, a case of a field-induced enantioselectivity in the Fukui function, may be instrumental in the recent upsurge of chemistry in oriented external electric fields. The study of atomic electronegativity and hardness in magnetic fields displays a piecewise behavior, associated to configurational jumps upon increasing field strength and reveals an overall compression of their ranges for stronger fields, which may be guiding upon investigating chemistry in extremely high fields like in white dwarfs. The evolution of the electronegativity and hardness of diatomics under mechanical force can elegantly be traced back to differences in their equilibrium distance in the neutral, cationic, and anionic state. The well-known reduction of the polarizability under confinement can be seen as a fore-runner of the increasing hardness of atoms under pressure, presently under investigation. Periodicity showing up in a spontaneous way in the variety of properties is a leitmotiv in this study, as well as the interconnections/analogies between the different response functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Geerlings
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Hajra C, Mandal S, Datta A. External Electric Field Induces a Mechanistic Crossover in the Reactivity of 1,3-Dienes with Sulfur Dioxide: Sulfolene Versus Sultine. J Org Chem 2023; 88:917-923. [PMID: 36598469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dienes (1) react with SO2 to produce sulfolenes (2) and sultines (3). Previous experiments and computational studies have shown that hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reaction producing the sultine is kinetically favorable compared to the chelotropic (CE) reaction producing the sulfolene. In this article, DFT calculations for a series of substituted 1,3-dienes show that under the influence of a moderate oriented external electric field (OEEF) of 2.0-4.0 V nm-1 along the reaction axis, the chelotropic reaction becomes the kinetically favorable reaction. In the absence of the OEEF, the destabilizing distortion involved in bringing the 1,3-diene and SO2 to the CE transition-state (TS) exceeds than for the HDA TS. However, under the influence of the OEEF, the strongly stabilizing electrostatic interactions in the CE TS effectively overcome the structural distortion energy. The enhanced dipole moment of the CE TS vis-à-vis the HDA TS under the OEEF accounts for the stabilization of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandralekha Hajra
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur─700032Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sucharita Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur─700032Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur─700032Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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36
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Cleavage of non-polar C(sp 2)‒C(sp 2) bonds in cycloparaphenylenes via electric field-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 36653339 PMCID: PMC9849230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is one of the most fundamental reactions in organic chemistry. Using an oriented external electric field (OEEF) instead of traditional reagents to tune the EAS reactivity can offer an environmentally friendly method to synthesize aromatic compounds and hold the promise of broadening its scope. Despite these advantages, OEEF catalysis of EAS is difficult to realize, due to the challenge of microscopically orienting OEEF along the direction of electron reorganizations. In this work, we demonstrate OEEF-catalyzed EAS reactions in a series of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) using the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) technique. Crucially, the unique radial π-conjugation of CPPs enables a desired alignment for the OEEF to catalyze the EAS with Au STM tip (or substrate) acting as an electrophile. Under mild conditions, the OEEF-catalyzed EAS reactions can cleave the inherently inert C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond, leading to high-yield (~97%) formation of linear oligophenylenes terminated with covalent Au-C bonds. These results not only demonstrate the feasibility of OEEF catalysis of EAS, but also offer a way of exploring new mechanistic principles of classic organic reactions aided by OEEF.
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37
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Effects and Influence of External Electric Fields on the Equilibrium Properties of Tautomeric Molecules. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020695. [PMID: 36677753 PMCID: PMC9865840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have attempted to briefly summarize the influence of an external electric field on an assembly of tautomeric molecules and to what experimentally observable effects this interaction can lead to. We have focused more extensively on the influence of an oriented external electric field (OEEF) on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from the studies available to date. The possibilities provided by OEEF for regulating several processes and studying physicochemical processes in tautomers have turned this direction into an attractive area of research due to its numerous applications.
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38
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Hanaway D, Kennedy CR. Automated Variable Electric-Field DFT Application for Evaluation of Optimally Oriented Electric Fields on Chemical Reactivity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:106-115. [PMID: 36507909 PMCID: PMC9830642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent theoretical work and experiments at molecular junctions have provided a strong conceptualization for the effects of oriented electric fields (OEFs) on organic reactions. Depending on the axis of application, OEFs can increase (or decrease) the reaction rate or distinguish between isomeric pathways. Despite the conceptual elegance of OEFs, which may be applied externally or induced locally, as tools for catalyzing organic reactions, implementation in synthetically relevant systems has been hampered by inefficiencies in evaluating reaction sensitivity to field effects. Herein, we describe the development of the Automated Variable Electric-Field DFT Application (A.V.E.D.A.) for streamlined evaluation of a reaction's susceptibility to OEFs. This open-source software was designed to be accessible for nonexpert users of computational and programming tools. Following initiation by a single command (and with no subsequent intervention) the Linux workflow manages a series of density functional theory calculations and mathematical manipulations to optimize local-minimum and transition-state structures in oriented electric fields of increasing magnitude. The resulting molecular and reaction dipole moments, field-perturbed geometries, and net effective activation energies are compiled for user interpretation. Ten representative pericyclic reactions that showcase the development and evaluation of A.V.E.D.A. are described.
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39
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Chourasia M, Cowen T, Friedman-Ezra A, Rubanovich E, Shurki A. The effect of immediate environment on bond strength of different bond types-A valence bond study. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244301. [PMID: 36586970 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to design catalysis largely depends on our understanding of the electrostatic effect of the surrounding on the bonds participating in the reaction. Here, we used a simplistic model of point charges (PCs) to determine a set of rules guiding how to construct PC-bond arrangement that can strengthen or weaken different chemical bonds. Using valence bond theory to calculate the in situ bond energies, we show that the effect of the PC mainly depends on the bond's dipole moment irrespective of its type (being covalent or charge shift). That is, polar bonds are getting stronger or weaker depending on the sign and location of the PC, whereas non- or weakly polar bonds become stronger or weaker depending only on the location of the PC and to a smaller extent compared with polar bonds. We also show that for polar bonds, the maximal bond strengthening and weakening effect can be achieved when the PC is placed along the bond axis, as close as possible to the more and less polarizable atom/fragment, respectively. Finally, due to the stabilizing effects of polarizability, we show that, overall, it is easier to cause bond strengthening compared with bond weakening. Particularly, for polar bonds, bond strengthening is larger than bond weakening obtained by an oppositely signed PC. These rules should be useful in the future design of catalysis in, e.g., enzyme active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Chourasia
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Todd Cowen
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Aviva Friedman-Ezra
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Eden Rubanovich
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Avital Shurki
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
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40
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Brunner syndrome caused by point mutation explained by multiscale simulation of enzyme reaction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21889. [PMID: 36536002 PMCID: PMC9763434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brunner syndrome is a disorder characterized by intellectual disability and impulsive, aggressive behavior associated with deficient function of the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme. These symptoms (along with particularly high serotonin levels) have been reported in patients with two missense variants in MAO-A (p.R45W and p.E446K). Herein, we report molecular simulations of the rate-limiting step of MAO-A-catalyzed serotonin degradation for these variants. We found that the R45W mutation causes a 6000-fold slowdown of enzymatic function, whereas the E446K mutation causes a 450-fold reduction of serotonin degradation rate, both of which are practically equivalent to a gene knockout. In addition, we thoroughly compared the influence of enzyme electrostatics on the catalytic function of both the wild type MAO-A and the p.R45W variant relative to the wild type enzyme, revealing that the mutation represents a significant electrostatic perturbation that contributes to the barrier increase. Understanding genetic disorders is closely linked to understanding the associated chemical mechanisms, and our research represents a novel attempt to bridge the gap between clinical genetics and the underlying chemical physics.
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41
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Dubey KD, Stuyver T, Shaik S. Local Electric Fields: From Enzyme Catalysis to Synthetic Catalyst Design. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10285-10294. [PMID: 36469939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This Mini-Review Article outlines recent advances in the study of local electric field (LEF) governed enzyme catalysis and the application of the LEF principle in synthetic catalyst design. We start by discussing the electrostatics principles that drive enzyme catalysis, and its experimental verifications through vibrational Stark spectroscopy. Subsequently, we describe aspects of LEFs other than catalysis, i.e., induction of mechanistic crossovers, among others. Here, we focus on the early work done using computational tools, along with some recent contributions. Following an in-depth discussion of the role of LEFs in enzyme catalysis, we then highlight some recent works on designed local electric fields (D-LEF) and their applications in organic synthesis. Subsequently, we turn to D-LEFs in synthetic enzymes and supramolecular systems (cf. the work by the Head-Gordon group). We end by discussing some of the software packages that have been developed to analyze local electric fields computationally. Overall, the present Mini-Review Article paints an insightful picture of the current state of the art using LEF in enzyme catalysis and its application for further bioengineering and synthetic organic frameworks in a broad perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Delhi-NCR, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh201314, India
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Sason Shaik
- The Hebrew University, Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401Israel
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42
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Han Y, Wei B, Guo X, Jiao T. Improved hydroxyl radical production by electric-field-induced catalysis in O3/H2O2 process: A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Perspective. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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43
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Irons TJP, Huynh BC, Teale AM, De Proft F, Geerlings P. Molecular charge distributions in strong magnetic fields: a conceptual and current DFT study. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2145245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. P. Irons
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bang C. Huynh
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew M. Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank De Proft
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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44
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Belotti M, El‐Tahawy MMT, Yu L, Russell IC, Darwish N, Coote ML, Garavelli M, Ciampi S. Luciferase-free Luciferin Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209670. [PMID: 36169114 PMCID: PMC9828091 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Luciferin is one of Nature's most widespread luminophores, and enzymes that catalyze luciferin luminescence are the basis of successful commercial "glow" assays for gene expression and metabolic ATP formation. Herein we report an electrochemical method to promote firefly's luciferin luminescence in the absence of its natural biocatalyst-luciferase. We have gained experimental and computational insights on the mechanism of the enzyme-free luciferin electrochemiluminescence, demonstrated its spectral tuning from green to red by means of electrolyte engineering, proven that the colour change does not require, as still debated, a keto/enol isomerization of the light emitter, and gained evidence of the electrostatic-assisted stabilization of the charge-transfer excited state by double layer electric fields. Luciferin's electrochemiluminescence, as well as the in situ generation of fluorescent oxyluciferin, are applied towards an optical measurement of diffusion coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Belotti
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley6102Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Mohsen M. T. El‐Tahawy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di BolognaBologna40136Emilia RomagnaItaly
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceDamanhour UniversityDamanhour22511Egypt
| | - Li‐Juan Yu
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601Australian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Isabella C. Russell
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601Australian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley6102Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford Park5042South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di BolognaBologna40136Emilia RomagnaItaly
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley6102Western AustraliaAustralia
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45
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Feng M, Ma S, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Feng Y, Wang H, Cheng J, Wang D. Control of triboelectrification on Al-metal surfaces through microstructural design. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15129-15140. [PMID: 36205557 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The instantaneous discharge of accumulated static charge due to contact electrification can cause irreversible damage to electrostatic-sensitive systems. Despite major advances in reducing tribo-charges, the problem remains intractable. Here, four alumina microstructures are fabricated on aluminum (Al) by combining chemical etching and anodic oxidation, and the effects of surface composition and structure on the triboelectric performance are studied by assembling them with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane into a solid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator. The results show that the short-circuit current of the hierarchical nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (micro/nano-AAO) modified Al is 8.77 times smaller than that of pristine Al, which is attributed to the reduced contact area and presence of an oxide film on the surface of the modified metal. By regulating the diameter of alumina nanotubes, a positive correlation between the contact area and the measured charge density is theoretically demonstrated, which establishes the size of the contact area as the main factor affecting triboelectric outputs. In addition, the micro/nano-AAO based phone shell could provide more effective electrostatic protection than that based on an acrylic coating. This novel regulation of the triboelectric output by microstructural design provides a new direction for the development of antistatic materials in a vacuum and non-grounded environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Center of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaochen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yange Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hanchao Wang
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
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46
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Ke C, Lin Z, Liu S. Three-Dimensional Activity Volcano Plot under an External Electric Field. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changming Ke
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zijing Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou310024, Zhejiang, China
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47
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Zheng Y, Duan P, Zhou Y, Li C, Zhou D, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhu Z, Li X, Bai J, Qu K, Gao T, Shi J, Liu J, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Hong W. Fano Resonance in Single‐Molecule Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210097. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dahai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Li‐Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhiyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tengyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qian‐Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Zhong‐Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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48
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Zheng Y, Duan P, Zhou Y, Li C, Zhou D, Wang Y, Chen LC, Zhu Z, Li X, Bai J, Qu K, Gao T, Shi J, Liu J, Zhang QC, Chen ZN, Hong W. Fano Resonance in Single‐molecule Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Ping Duan
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Chuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Dahai Zhou
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Yaping Wang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Li-Chuan Chen
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Zhiyu Zhu
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Jie Bai
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Kai Qu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Tengyang Gao
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Jia Shi
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Junyang Liu
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen CHINA
| | - Qian-Chong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Zhong-Ning Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Siming south road 422 3012 Xiamen CHINA
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49
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Li T, Ciampi S, Darwish N. The Surface Potential of Zero Charge Controls the Kinetics of Diazonium Salts Electropolymerization. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Li
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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50
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Hoffmann NM, Wang X, Berkelbach TC. Linear Free Energy Relationships in Electrostatic Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norah M. Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010 United States
| | - Timothy C. Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010 United States
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