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Lehnert T, Gijs MAM. Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1441-1493. [PMID: 38372324 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, including higher host organisms. The complex interactions within the human gut microbiota are crucial for metabolic functions, immune responses, and biochemical signalling, particularly through the gut-brain axis. Viruses also play important roles in biological processes, for example by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer when replicating inside living cells. On the other hand, infection of the human body by microbiological agents may lead to severe physiological disorders and diseases. Infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems, characterized by substantial variations in the epidemiological landscape. Fast spreading antibiotic resistance or uncontrolled outbreaks of communicable diseases are major challenges at present. Furthermore, delivering field-proven point-of-care diagnostic tools to the most severely affected populations in low-resource settings is particularly important and challenging. New paradigms and technological approaches enabling rapid and informed disease management need to be implemented. In this respect, infectious disease diagnostics taking advantage of microfluidic systems combined with integrated biosensor-based pathogen detection offers a host of innovative and promising solutions. In this review, we aim to outline recent activities and progress in the development of microfluidic diagnostic tools. Our literature research mainly covers the last 5 years. We will follow a classification scheme based on the human body systems primarily involved at the clinical level or on specific pathogen transmission modes. Important diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, will be addressed more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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2
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Jankelow A, Chen CL, Cowell TW, Espinosa de Los Monteros J, Bian Z, Kindratenko V, Koprowski K, Darsi S, Han HS, Valera E, Bashir R. Multiplexed electrical detection of whole viruses from plasma in a microfluidic platform. Analyst 2024; 149:1190-1201. [PMID: 38213181 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01510f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of point-of-care diagnostics is crucial to improving patient outcomes, especially in areas with low access to hospitals or specialized laboratories. In particular, rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of disease biomarkers has great potential to achieve accurate diagnosis and inform high quality care for patients. Our Coulter counting and immunocapture based detection system has previously shown its broad applicability in the detection of cells, proteins, and nucleic acids. This paper expands the capability of the platform by demonstrating multiplexed detection of whole-virus particles using electrically distinguishable hydrogel beads by demonstrating the capability of our platform to achieve simultaneous detection at clinically relevant concentrations of hepatitis A virus (>2 × 103 IU mL-1) and human parvovirus B19 virus like particles (>106 IU mL-1) from plasma samples. The expanded versatility of the differential electrical counting platform allows for more robust and diverse testing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Jankelow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chih-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Thomas W Cowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Javier Espinosa de Los Monteros
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zheng Bian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Victoria Kindratenko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Katherine Koprowski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sriya Darsi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hee-Sun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Enrique Valera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translation Science, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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3
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Naik A, Adeleye O, Koester SW, Winkler EA, Hartke JN, Karahalios K, Mihaljevic S, Rani A, Raikwar S, Rulney JD, Desai SM, Scherschinski L, Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC, Lawton MT, Catapano JS, Jadhav AP, Jha RM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosis and the Prognostication of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10902. [PMID: 37446092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high incidence and burden of stroke, biological biomarkers are not used routinely in clinical practice to diagnose, determine progression, or prognosticate outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Because of its direct interface with neural tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potentially valuable source for biomarker development. This systematic review was conducted using three databases. All trials investigating clinical and preclinical models for CSF biomarkers for AIS diagnosis, prognostication, and severity grading were included, yielding 22 human trials and five animal studies for analysis. In total, 21 biomarkers and other multiomic proteomic markers were identified. S100B, inflammatory markers (including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6), and free fatty acids were the most frequently studied biomarkers. The review showed that CSF is an effective medium for biomarker acquisition for AIS. Although CSF is not routinely clinically obtained, a potential benefit of CSF studies is identifying valuable biomarkers from the pathophysiologic microenvironment that ultimately inform optimization of targeted low-abundance assays from peripheral biofluid samples (e.g., plasma). Several important catabolic and anabolic markers can serve as effective measures of diagnosis, etiology identification, prognostication, and severity grading. Trials with large cohorts studying the efficacy of biomarkers in altering clinical management are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Naik
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Olufunmilola Adeleye
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Stefan W Koester
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ethan A Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Joelle N Hartke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Katherine Karahalios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jarrod D Rulney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Shashvat M Desai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Felipe C Albuquerque
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ruchira M Jha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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4
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Valera E, Kindratenko V, Jankelow AM, Heredia J, Kim AY, Cowell TW, Chen CL, White K, Han HS, Bashir R. Electrochemical point-of-care devices for the diagnosis of sepsis. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2023; 39:101300. [PMID: 37483649 PMCID: PMC10357885 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening dysfunction of organ systems caused by a dysregulated immune system because of an infectious process. It remains one of the leading causes of hospital mortality and of hospital readmissions in the United States. Mortality from sepsis increases with each hour of delayed treatment, therefore, diagnostic devices that can reduce the time from the onset of a patient's infection to the delivery of appropriate therapy are urgently needed. Likewise, tools that are capable of high-frequency testing of clinically relevant biomarkers are required to study disease progression. Electrochemical biosensors offer important advantages such as high sensitivity, fast response, miniaturization, and low cost that can be adapted to clinical needs. In this review paper, we discuss the current state, limitations, and future directions of electrochemical-based point-of-care detection platforms that contribute to the diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Victoria Kindratenko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aaron M. Jankelow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John Heredia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alicia Y. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Thomas W. Cowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chih-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Karen White
- Department of Biomedical and Translation Science, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hee-Sun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translation Science, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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5
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Chin LK, Yang JY, Chousterman B, Jung S, Kim DG, Kim DH, Lee S, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Park SG, Im H. Dual-Enhanced Plasmonic Biosensing for Point-of-Care Sepsis Detection. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3610-3619. [PMID: 36745820 PMCID: PMC10150330 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, simultaneous quantification of multiple biomarkers in point-of-care (POC) settings could improve the diagnosis and management of sepsis, a common, potentially life-threatening condition. Compared to high-end commercial analytical systems, POC systems are often limited by low sensitivity, limited multiplexing capability, or low throughput. Here, we report an ultrasensitive, multiplexed plasmonic sensing technology integrating chemifluorescence signal enhancement with plasmon-enhanced fluorescence detection. Using a portable imaging system, the dual chemical and plasmonic amplification enabled rapid analysis of multiple cytokine biomarkers in 1 h with sub-pg/mL sensitivities. Furthermore, we also developed a plasmonic sensing chip based on nanoparticle-spiked gold nanodimple structures fabricated by wafer-scale batch processes. We used the system to detect six cytokines directly from clinical plasma samples (n = 20) and showed 100% accuracy for sepsis detection. The described technology could be employed in rapid, ultrasensitive, multiplexed plasmonic sensing in POC settings for myriad clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lip Ket Chin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jun-Yeong Yang
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondae-ro, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Chousterman
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondae-ro, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondae-ro, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondae-ro, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondae-ro, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sung-Gyu Park
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondae-ro, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors: Hyungsoon Im (), Sung-Gyu Park ()
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Corresponding authors: Hyungsoon Im (), Sung-Gyu Park ()
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6
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Tayyab M, Xie P, Sami MA, Raji H, Lin Z, Meng Z, Mahmoodi SR, Javanmard M. A portable analog front-end system for label-free sensing of proteins using nanowell array impedance sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20119. [PMID: 36418852 PMCID: PMC9684124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are useful biomarkers for a wide range of applications such as cancer detection, discovery of vaccines, and determining exposure to viruses and pathogens. Here, we present a low-noise front-end analog circuit interface towards development of a portable readout system for the label-free sensing of proteins using Nanowell array impedance sensing with a form factor of approximately 35cm2. The electronic interface consists of a low-noise lock-in amplifier enabling reliable detection of changes in impedance as low as 0.1% and thus detection of proteins down to the picoMolar level. The sensitivity of our system is comparable to that of a commercial bench-top impedance spectroscope when using the same sensors. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the potential of using impedance sensing as a portable, low-cost, and reliable method of detecting proteins, thus inching us closer to a Point-of-Care (POC) personalized health monitoring system. We have demonstrated the utility of our system to detect antibodies at various concentrations and protein (45 pM IL-6) in PBS, however, our system has the capability to be used for assaying various biomarkers including proteins, cytokines, virus molecules and antibodies in a portable setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Pengfei Xie
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Sami
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Hassan Raji
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Zhongtian Lin
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Zhuolun Meng
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Seyed Reza Mahmoodi
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
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7
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Rajsri KS, McRae MP, Simmons GW, Christodoulides NJ, Matz H, Dooley H, Koide A, Koide S, McDevitt JT. A Rapid and Sensitive Microfluidics-Based Tool for Seroprevalence Immunity Assessment of COVID-19 and Vaccination-Induced Humoral Antibody Response at the Point of Care. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:621. [PMID: 36005017 PMCID: PMC9405565 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As of 8 August 2022, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has infected over 585 million people and resulted in more than 6.42 million deaths worldwide. While approved SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-based vaccines induce robust seroconversion in most individuals, dramatically reducing disease severity and the risk of hospitalization, poorer responses are observed in aged, immunocompromised individuals and patients with certain pre-existing health conditions. Further, it is difficult to predict the protection conferred through vaccination or previous infection against new viral variants of concern (VoC) as they emerge. In this context, a rapid quantitative point-of-care (POC) serological assay able to quantify circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies would allow clinicians to make informed decisions on the timing of booster shots, permit researchers to measure the level of cross-reactive antibody against new VoC in a previously immunized and/or infected individual, and help assess appropriate convalescent plasma donors, among other applications. Utilizing a lab-on-a-chip ecosystem, we present proof of concept, optimization, and validation of a POC strategy to quantitate COVID-19 humoral protection. This platform covers the entire diagnostic timeline of the disease, seroconversion, and vaccination response spanning multiple doses of immunization in a single POC test. Our results demonstrate that this platform is rapid (~15 min) and quantitative for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Srinivasan Rajsri
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Division of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael P. McRae
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Division of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Glennon W. Simmons
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Division of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Nicolaos J. Christodoulides
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Division of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hanover Matz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Helen Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John T. McDevitt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Division of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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8
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Durkin T, Barua B, Savagatrup S. Rapid Detection of Sepsis: Recent Advances in Biomarker Sensing Platforms. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31390-31395. [PMID: 34869965 PMCID: PMC8637593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of mortality among hospitalized patients worldwide. Rapid diagnosis is critical as early treatments have been demonstrated to improve survival. Despite the importance of early detection, current technologies and clinical methods are often insufficient due to their lack of the necessary speed, selectivity, or sensitivity. The development of rapid sensing platforms that target sepsis-related biomarkers could significantly improve the outcomes of patients. This Mini-Review focuses on the recent advances in rapid diagnosis of soluble biomarkers in blood with the emphasis on different configurations of point-of-care (POC) instruments. Specifically, it first describes the commonly targeted biomarkers and the mechanisms by which they are detected. Then, it highlights the recently developed sensors that aim to reduce the total time of diagnosis without sacrificing selectivity and limit of detection. These sensors are categorized based on their distinct sensing and transduction mechanisms. Finally, it concludes with a brief outlook over future developments of multiplexed sensors.
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9
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A centrifugal microfluidic cross-flow filtration platform to separate serum from whole blood for the detection of amphiphilic biomarkers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5287. [PMID: 33674653 PMCID: PMC7935985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation of biomarkers from blood is straightforward in most molecular biology laboratories. However, separation in resource-limited settings, allowing for the successful removal of biomarkers for diagnostic applications, is not always possible. The situation is further complicated by the need to separate hydrophobic signatures such as lipids from blood. Herein, we present a microfluidic device capable of centrifugal separation of serum from blood at the point of need with a system that is compatible with biomarkers that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. The cross-flow filtration device separates serum from blood as efficiently as traditional methods and retains amphiphilic biomarkers in serum for detection.
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10
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Tayyab M, Sami MA, Raji H, Mushnoori S, Javanmard M. Potential Microfluidic Devices for COVID-19 Antibody Detection at Point-of-Care (POC): A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:4007-4017. [PMID: 37974932 PMCID: PMC8768978 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2020.3034892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic which has brought the world economy and the society to a standstill. The current emphasis of testing is on detection of genetic material of SARS-CoV-2. Such tests are useful for assessing the current state of a subject: Infected or not infected. In addition to such tests, antibody testing is necessary to stratify the population into three groups: never exposed, infected, and immune. Such a stratification is necessary for safely reopening the society and remobilizing the economy. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of the current diagnostic and surveillance technologies that are being employed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies along with their shortcomings, and to highlight microfluidic sensors and devices that show promise of being commercialized for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in low-resource and Point-of-Care (POC) settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Sami
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Hassan Raji
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Srinivas Mushnoori
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
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11
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Honrado C, Bisegna P, Swami NS, Caselli F. Single-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry: from raw signals to cell phenotypes using data analytics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:22-54. [PMID: 33331376 PMCID: PMC7909465 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical analysis of single-cells by microfluidic impedance cytometry is emerging as a label-free and high-throughput means to stratify the heterogeneity of cellular systems based on their electrophysiology. Emerging applications range from fundamental life-science and drug assessment research to point-of-care diagnostics and precision medicine. Recently, novel chip designs and data analytic strategies are laying the foundation for multiparametric cell characterization and subpopulation distinction, which are essential to understand biological function, follow disease progression and monitor cell behaviour in microsystems. In this tutorial review, we present a comparative survey of the approaches to elucidate cellular and subcellular features from impedance cytometry data, covering the related subjects of device design, data analytics (i.e., signal processing, dielectric modelling, population clustering), and phenotyping applications. We give special emphasis to the exciting recent developments of the technique (timeframe 2017-2020) and provide our perspective on future challenges and directions. Its synergistic application with microfluidic separation, sensor science and machine learning can form an essential toolkit for label-free quantification and isolation of subpopulations to stratify heterogeneous biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Honrado
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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12
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Farooq A, Butt NZ, Hassan U. Exceedingly Sensitive Restructured Electrodes Design for Pathogen Morphology Detection using Impedance Flow Cytometry. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2500-2503. [PMID: 33018514 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cellular morphology is a vital biological characteristic for determining explicit information about its physiological state. Monitoring real-time cell shape is of great importance in infectious pathogen detection. Here, we designed a highly sensitive coplanar electrode sensing system and merged it with planar electrodes for simultaneous impedance signals in two dimensions. We simulated the proposed design in this study for the detection of different single cell pathogens based on their morphology. The optimized design has a great potential to monitor and characterize different bacteria based on their sizes and shapes. In this report, spherical and rod shaped particles were used to illustrate the device performance. This simple and extremely sensitive modified electrode design is very promising for bacterial detection and will serve as a future guiding tool for discriminating different morphologies of singular cells.
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13
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Cowell TW, Valera E, Jankelow A, Park J, Schrader AW, Ding R, Berger J, Bashir R, Han HS. Rapid, multiplexed detection of biomolecules using electrically distinct hydrogel beads. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2274-2283. [PMID: 32490455 PMCID: PMC10409638 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, low-cost, and multiplexed biomolecule detection is an important goal in the development of effective molecular diagnostics. Our recent work has demonstrated a microfluidic biochip device that can electrically quantitate a protein target with high sensitivity. This platform detects and quantifies a target analyte by counting and capturing micron-sized beads in response to an immunoassay on the bead surface. Existing microparticles limit the technique to the detection of a single protein target and lack the magnetic properties required for separation of the microparticles for direct measurements from whole blood. Here, we report new precisely engineered microparticles that achieve electrical multiplexing and adapt this platform for low-cost and label-free multiplexed electrical detection of biomolecules. Droplet microfluidic synthesis yielded highly-monodisperse populations of magnetic hydrogel beads (MHBs) with the necessary properties for multiplexing the electrical Coulter counting on chip. Each bead population was designed to contain a different amount of the hydrogel material, resulting in a unique electrical impedance signature during Coulter counting, thereby enabling unique identification of each bead. These monodisperse bead populations span a narrow range of sizes ensuring that all can be captured sensitively and selectively under simultaneously flow. Incorporating these newly synthesized beads, we demonstrate versatile and multiplexed biomolecule detection of proteins or DNA targets. This development of multiplexed beads for the electrical detection of biomolecules, provides a critical advancement towards multiplexing the Coulter counting approach and the development of a low cost point-of-care diagnostic sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Cowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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14
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Berger J, Valera E, Jankelow A, Garcia C, Akhand M, Heredia J, Ghonge T, Liu C, Font-Bartumeus V, Oshana G, Tiao J, Bashir R. Simultaneous electrical detection of IL-6 and PCT using a microfluidic biochip platform. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:36. [PMID: 32419087 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response, leads the U.S in both mortality rate and cost of treatment. Sepsis treatment protocols currently rely on broad and non-specific parameters like heart and respiration rate, and temperature; however, studies show that biomarkers Interlukin-6 (IL-6) and Procalcitonin (PCT) correlate to sepsis progression and response to treatment. Prior work also suggests that using multi-parameter predictive analytics with biomarkers and clinical information can inform treatment to improve outcome. A point-of-care (POC) platform that provides information for multiple biomarkers can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of potentially septic patients. Using impedance cytometry, microbead immunoassays, and biotin-streptavidin binding, we report a microfluidic POC system that correlates microbead capture to IL-6 and PCT concentrations. A multiplexed microbead immunoassay is developed and validated for simultaneous detection of both IL-6 and PCT from human plasma samples. Using the POC platform, we quantified plasma samples containing healthy, medium (~103pg/ml) and high (~105pg/ml) IL-6 and PCT concentrations with various levels of significance (P < 0.05-P < 0.00001) and validated the concept of this device as a POC platform for sepsis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Berger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Enrique Valera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aaron Jankelow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Carlos Garcia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Manik Akhand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John Heredia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tanmay Ghonge
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Victor Font-Bartumeus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gina Oshana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin Tiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, 807 South Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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15
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Prakash S, Ashley BK, Doyle PS, Hassan U. Design of a Multiplexed Analyte Biosensor using Digital Barcoded Particles and Impedance Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6109. [PMID: 32273525 PMCID: PMC7145859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplexing allows quantifying multiple analytes in a single step, providing advantages over individual testing through shorter processing time, lower sample volume, and reduced cost per test. Currently, flow cytometry is the gold standard for biomedical multiplexing, but requires technical training, extensive data processing, and expensive operational and capital costs. To solve this challenge, we designed digital barcoded particles and a microfluidic architecture for multiplexed analyte quantification. In this work, we simulate and model non-fluorescence-based microfluidic impedance detection with a single excitation and detection scheme using barcoded polymer microparticles. Our barcoded particles can be designed with specific coding regions and generate numerous distinct patterns enabling digital barcoding. We found that signals based on adhered microsphere position and relative orientation were evaluated and separated based on their associated electrical signatures and had a 7 µm microsphere limit of detection. Our proposed microfluidic system can enumerate micron-sized spheres in a single assay using barcoded particles of various configurations. As representation of blood cells, the microsphere concentrations may provide useful information on disease onset and progression. Such sensors may be used for diagnostic and management of common critical care diseases like sepsis, acute kidney injury, urinary tract infections, and HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brandon K Ashley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Umer Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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16
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Zhu Y, Wu L, Yan H, Lu Z, Yin W, Han H. Enzyme induced molecularly imprinted polymer on SERS substrate for ultrasensitive detection of patulin. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1101:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Liu R, Chu CH, Wang N, Ozkaya-Ahmadov T, Civelekoglu O, Lee D, Arifuzzman AKM, Sarioglu AF. Combinatorial Immunophenotyping of Cell Populations with an Electronic Antibody Microarray. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904732. [PMID: 31631578 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunophenotyping is widely used to characterize cell populations in basic research and to diagnose diseases from surface biomarkers in the clinic. This process usually requires complex instruments such as flow cytometers or fluorescence microscopes, which are typically housed in centralized laboratories. Microfluidics are combined with an integrated electrical sensor network to create an antibody microarray for label-free cell immunophenotyping against multiple antigens. The device works by fractionating the sample via capturing target subpopulations in an array of microfluidic chambers functionalized against different antigens and by electrically quantifying the cell capture statistics through a network of code-multiplexed electrical sensors. Through a combinatorial arrangement of antibody sequences along different microfluidic paths, the device can measure the prevalence of different cell subpopulations in a sample from computational analysis of the electrical output signal. The device performance is characterized by analyzing heterogeneous samples of mixed tumor cell populations and then the technique is applied to determine leukocyte subpopulations in blood samples and the results are validated against complete blood cell count and flow cytometry results. Label-free immunophenotyping of cell populations against multiple targets on a disposable electronic chip presents opportunities in global health and telemedicine applications for cell-based diagnostics and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxiu Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Chia-Heng Chu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ningquan Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tevhide Ozkaya-Ahmadov
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ozgun Civelekoglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dohwan Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - A K M Arifuzzman
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - A Fatih Sarioglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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18
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19
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Ghonge T, Ceylan Koydemir H, Valera E, Berger J, Garcia C, Nawar N, Tiao J, Damhorst GL, Ganguli A, Hassan U, Ozcan A, Bashir R. Smartphone-imaged microfluidic biochip for measuring CD64 expression from whole blood. Analyst 2019; 144:3925-3935. [PMID: 31094395 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome that contributes to millions of deaths annually worldwide, represents a moral and economic burden to the healthcare system. Although no single, or even a combination of biomarkers has been validated for the diagnosis of sepsis, multiple studies have shown the high specificity of CD64 expression on neutrophils (nCD64) to sepsis. The analysis of elevated nCD64 in the first 2-6 hours after infection during the pro-inflammatory stage could significantly contribute to early sepsis diagnosis. Therefore, a rapid and automated device to periodically measure nCD64 expression at the point-of-care (POC) could lead to timely medical intervention and reduced mortality rates. Current accepted technologies for measuring nCD64 expression, such as flow cytometry, require manual sample preparation and long incubation times. For POC applications, however, the technology should be able to measure nCD64 expression with little to no sample preparation. In this paper, we demonstrate a smartphone-imaged microfluidic biochip for detecting nCD64 expression in under 50 min. In our assay, first unprocessed whole blood is injected into a capture chamber to immunologically capture nCD64 along a staggered array of pillars, which were previously functionalized with an antibody against CD64. Then, an image of the capture channel is taken using a smartphone-based microscope. This image is used to measure the cumulative fraction of captured cells (γ) as a function of length in the channel. During the image analysis, a statistical model is fitted to γ in order to extract the probability of capture of neutrophils per collision with a pillar (ε). The fitting shows a strong correlation with nCD64 expression measured using flow cytometry (R2 = 0.82). Finally, the applicability of the device to sepsis was demonstrated by analyzing nCD64 from 8 patients (37 blood samples analyzed) along the time they were admitted to the hospital. Results from this analysis, obtained using the smartphone-imaged microfluidic biochip were compared with flow cytometry. Again, a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.82 (slope = 0.99) was obtained demonstrating a good linear correlation between the two techniques. Deployment of this technology in ICU could significantly enhance patient care worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Ghonge
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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20
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Sedighi A, Krull UJ. Enhanced Immunoassay Using a Rotating Paper Platform for Quantitative Determination of Low Abundance Protein Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5371-5379. [PMID: 30915836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The changing concentrations of circulating protein biomarkers have been correlated with a variety of diseases. Quantitative bioassays capable of sensitive and specific determination of protein biomarkers at low levels can be essential for therapeutic treatments that can improve outcomes for patients. Herein, we describe the investigation of a rotating paper device (RPD) for quantitative determination of targeted proteins at the fM concentration level. The RPD consists of two circular papers each separately supported with a plastic disc. Protein detection is conducted via enhanced immunoassay using amplification in a sequential workflow, which includes a sandwich immunoassay in the upper paper and a signal amplification reaction in the lower paper. The sandwich immunoassay is conducted using biobarcode nanoparticles (BNPs) and results in the release of reporter oligonucleotides from BNPs. These oligonucleotides are transferred to the bottom paper, where they engage in a target recycling methodology that leads to the production of a colorimetric signal. The assay was evaluated for quantitation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine biomarker in serum. A limit of detection of 63 fM and a dynamic range of 200 fM-8 pM was observed for the assay. The specificity of the assay was successfully verified against several common protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - Ulrich J Krull
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
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21
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Oeschger T, McCloskey D, Kopparthy V, Singh A, Erickson D. Point of care technologies for sepsis diagnosis and treatment. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:728-737. [PMID: 30724931 PMCID: PMC6392004 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a rapidly progressing, life threatening immune response triggered by infection that affects millions worldwide each year. Current clinical diagnosis relies on broad physiological parameters and time consuming lab-based cell culture. If proper treatment is not provided, cases of sepsis can drastically increase in severity over the course of a few hours. Development of new point of care tools for sepsis has the potential to improve diagnostic speed and accuracy, leading to prompt administration of appropriate therapeutics, thereby reducing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes. In this review we examine developing and commercially available technologies to assess the feasibility of rapid, accurate sepsis diagnosis, with emphasis on point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Oeschger
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Duncan McCloskey
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Varun Kopparthy
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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22
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Herrada CA, Kabir MA, Altamirano R, Asghar W. Advances in Diagnostic Methods for Zika Virus Infection. J Med Device 2018; 12:0408021-4080211. [PMID: 30662580 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. The severity of the disease, as well as its fast spread over several continents, has urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a global health concern. In consequence, over the past couple of years, there has been a significant effort for the development of ZIKV diagnostic methods, vaccine development, and prevention strategies. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of ZIKV research which includes the outbreaks, genome structure, multiplication and propagation of the virus, and more importantly, the development of serological and molecular detection tools such as Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Zika MAC-ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Additionally, we discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic methods, the potential of newly developed sensing technologies, and also provide insight into future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Herrada
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Md Alamgir Kabir
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Rommel Altamirano
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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