1
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Vardin AP, Aksoy F, Yesiloz G. A Novel Acoustic Modulation of Oscillating Thin Elastic Membrane for Enhanced Streaming in Microfluidics and Nanoscale Liposome Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403463. [PMID: 39324290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized in therapeutic nanosystems as promising drug carriers for cancer treatment, which requires a meticulous synthesis approach to control the nanoprecipitation process. Acoustofluidic platforms offer a favorable synthesis environment by providing robust agitation and rapid mixing. Here, a novel high-throughput acoustofluidic micromixer is presented for a solvent and solvent-free synthesis of ultra-small and size-tunable liposomes. The size-tunability is achieved by incorporating glycerol as a new technique into the synthesis reagents, serving as a size regulator. The proposed device utilizes the synergistic effects of vibrating trapped microbubbles and an oscillating thin elastic membrane to generate vigorous acoustic microstreaming. The working principle and mixing mechanism of the device are explored numerically and experimentally. The platform exhibits remarkable mixing efficacy for aqueous and viscous solutions at flow rates up to 8000 µL/h, which makes it unique for high-throughput liposome formation and preventing aggregation. As a proof of concept, this study investigates the impact of phospholipid type and concentration, flow rate, and glycerol on the size and size distribution of liposomes. The results reveal a significant size reduction, from ≈900 nm to 40 nm, achieved by merely introducing 75% glycerol into the synthesis reagents, highlighting an innovative approach toward size-tunable liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourabdollah Vardin
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
| | - Faruk Aksoy
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
| | - Gurkan Yesiloz
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
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2
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Harley WS, Kolesnik K, Heath DE, Collins DJ. Enhanced acoustic streaming effects via sharp-edged 3D microstructures. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1626-1635. [PMID: 38357759 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic micromanipulation is an important tool for biomedical research, where acoustic forces offer the ability to manipulate fluids, cells, and particles in a rapid, biocompatible, and contact-free manner. Of particular interest is the investigation of acoustically driven sharp edges, where high tip velocity magnitudes and strong acoustic potential gradients drive rapid motion. Whereas prior devices utilizing 2D sharp edges have demonstrated promise for micromanipulation activities, taking advantage of 3D structures has the potential to increase their performance and the range of manipulation activities. In this work, we investigate high-magnitude acoustic streaming fields in the vicinity of sharp-edged, sub-wavelength 3D microstructures. We numerically model and experimentally demonstrate this in fabricating parametrically configured 3D microstructures whose tip-angle and geometry influence acoustic streaming velocities and the complexity of streaming vortices, finding that the simulated and realized velocities and streaming patterns are both tunable and a function of microstructure shape. These sharp-edge interfaces hold promise for biomedical studies benefiting from precise and targeted micromanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Harley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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3
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Vachon P, Merugu S, Sharma J, Lal A, Ng EJ, Koh Y, Lee JEY, Lee C. Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38463549 PMCID: PMC10920796 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves (GFWs) generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator (MAWA). By harnessing the potential of GFWs, cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved, unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip development. The localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising characteristics. Unlike traditional acoustofluidic technologies, the GFWs propagating on the MAWA's membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation, irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic chamber. Moreover, the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane waveguide. Experimental demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport, mixing, and spatial separation based on particle diameter, along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS channels. These experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA's compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vachon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinivas Merugu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaibir Sharma
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Lal
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- SonicMEMS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Eldwin J. Ng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yul Koh
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua E.-Y. Lee
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Kshetri KG, Nama N. Acoustophoresis around an elastic scatterer in a standing wave field. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:045102. [PMID: 37978594 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.045102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic systems often employ prefabricated acoustic scatterers that perturb the imposed acoustic field to realize the acoustophoresis of immersed microparticles. We present a numerical study to investigate the time-averaged streaming and radiation force fields around a scatterer. Based on the streaming and radiation force field, we obtain the trajectories of the immersed microparticles with varying sizes and identify a critical transition size at which the motion of immersed microparticles in the vicinity of a prefabricated scatterer shifts from being streaming dominated to radiation dominated. We consider a range of acoustic frequencies to reveal that the critical transition size decreases with increasing frequency; this result explains the choice of acoustic frequencies in previously reported experimental studies. We also examine the impact of scatterer material and fluid properties on the streaming and radiation force fields, as well as on the critical transition size. Our results demonstrate that the critical transition size decreases with an increase in acoustic contrast factor: a nondimensional quantity that depends on material properties of the scatterer and the fluid. Our results provide a pathway to realize radiation force based manipulation of small particles by increasing the acoustic contrast factor of the scatterer, lowering the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, and increasing the acoustic frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemraj Gautam Kshetri
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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5
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Liu Y, Yin Q, Luo Y, Huang Z, Cheng Q, Zhang W, Zhou B, Zhou Y, Ma Z. Manipulation with sound and vibration: A review on the micromanipulation system based on sub-MHz acoustic waves. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 96:106441. [PMID: 37216791 PMCID: PMC10213378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of micro-objects have been playing an essential role in biochemical analysis or clinical diagnostics. Among the diverse technologies for micromanipulation, acoustic methods show the advantages of good biocompatibility, wide tunability, a label-free and contactless manner. Thus, acoustic micromanipulations have been widely exploited in micro-analysis systems. In this article, we reviewed the acoustic micromanipulation systems that were actuated by sub-MHz acoustic waves. In contrast to the high-frequency range, the acoustic microsystems operating at sub-MHz acoustic frequency are more accessible, whose acoustic sources are at low cost and even available from daily acoustic devices (e.g. buzzers, speakers, piezoelectric plates). The broad availability, with the addition of the advantages of acoustic micromanipulation, make sub-MHz microsystems promising for a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we review recent progresses in sub-MHz acoustic micromanipulation technologies, focusing on their applications in biomedical fields. These technologies are based on the basic acoustic phenomenon, such as cavitation, acoustic radiation force, and acoustic streaming. And categorized by their applications, we introduce these systems for mixing, pumping and droplet generation, separation and enrichment, patterning, rotation, propulsion and actuation. The diverse applications of these systems hold great promise for a wide range of enhancements in biomedicines and attract increasing interest for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qiu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Quansheng Cheng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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6
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Sun Y, Zhang F, Li L, Chen K, Wang S, Ouyang Q, Luo C. Two-Layered Microfluidic Devices for High-Throughput Dynamic Analysis of Synthetic Gene Circuits in E. coli. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3954-3965. [PMID: 36283074 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common chassis for synthetic gene circuit studies. In addition to the dose-response of synthetic gene circuits, the analysis of dynamic responses is also an important part of the future design of more complicated synthetic systems. Recently, microfluidic-based methods have been widely used for the analysis of gene expression dynamics. Here, we established a two-layered microfluidic platform for the systematic characterization of synthetic gene circuits (eight strains in eight different culture environments could be observed simultaneously with a 5 min time resolution). With this platform, both dose responses and dynamic responses with a high temporal resolution could be easily derived for further analysis. A controlled environment ensures the stability of the bacterial growth rate, excluding changes in gene expression dynamics caused by changes of the growth dilution rate. The precise environmental switch and automatic micrograph shooting ensured that there was nearly no time lag between the inducer addition and the data recording. We studied four four-node incoherent-feedforward-loop (IFFL) networks with different operators using this device. The experimental results showed that as the effect of inhibition increased, two of the IFFL networks generated pulselike dynamic gene expressions in the range of the inducer concentrations, which was different from the dynamics of the two other circuits with only a simple pattern of rising to the platform. Through fitting the dose-response curves and the dynamic response curves, corresponding parameters were derived and introduced to a simple model that could qualitatively explain the generation of pulse dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Sun
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Lusi Li
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Kaiyue Chen
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325001, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325001, China
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7
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Li X, Wang J, Curtin K, Li P. Microfluidic Continuous Flow DNA Fragmentation based on a Vibrating Sharp-tip. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2022; 26:104. [PMID: 38130602 PMCID: PMC10735211 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-022-02610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentation of DNA into short fragments is of great importance for detecting and studying DNAs. Current microfluidic methods of DNA fragmentation are either inefficient for generating small fragments or rely on microbubbles. Here, we report a DNA fragmentation method in a 3D-printed microfluidic device, which allows efficient continuous flow fragmentation of genomic DNAs without the need for microbubbles. This method is enabled by localized acoustic streaming induced by a single vibrating sharp-tip. Genomic DNAs were fragmented into 700 to 3000 bp fragments with a low power consumption of ~140 mW. The system demonstrated successful fragmentation under a wide range of flow rates from 1 to 50 μL/min without the need for air bubbles. Finally, the utility of the continuous DNA fragmentation method was demonstrated to accelerate the DNA hybridization process for biosensing. Due to the small footprint, continuous flow and bubble-free operation, and high fragmentation efficiency, this method demonstrated great potential for coupling with other functional microfluidic units to achieve an integrated DNA analysis platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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8
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Bezrukov A, Galyametdinov Y. Activation and Switching of Supramolecular Chemical Signals in Multi-Output Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1778. [PMID: 36296131 PMCID: PMC9611873 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the developing of a continuous microfluidic reaction device that allows selective activation of polyelectrolyte-surfactant chemical signals in microflows and switches them between multiple outputs. A numerical model was developed for convection-diffusion reaction processes in reactive polymer-colloid microfluidic flows. Matlab scripts and scaling laws were developed for this model to predict reaction initiation and completion conditions in microfluidic devices and the location of the reaction front. The model allows the optimization of microfluidic device geometry and the setting of operation modes that provide release of the reaction product through specific outputs. Representing a chemical signal, polyelectrolyte-surfactant reaction products create various logic gate states at microfluidic chip outputs. Such systems may have potential as biochemical signal transmitters in organ-on-chip applications or chemical logic gates in cascaded microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Bezrukov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
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9
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Akkoyun F, Gucluer S, Ozcelik A. Potential of the acoustic micromanipulation technologies for biomedical research. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061301. [PMID: 34849184 PMCID: PMC8616630 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic micromanipulation technologies are a set of versatile tools enabling unparalleled micromanipulation capabilities. Several characteristics put the acoustic micromanipulation technologies ahead of most of the other tweezing methods. For example, acoustic tweezers can be adapted as non-invasive platforms to handle single cells gently or as probes to stimulate or damage tissues. Besides, the nature of the interactions of acoustic waves with solids and liquids eliminates labeling requirements. Considering the importance of highly functional tools in biomedical research for empowering important discoveries, acoustic micromanipulation can be valuable for researchers in biology and medicine. Herein, we discuss the potential of acoustic micromanipulation technologies from technical and application points of view in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adem Ozcelik
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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10
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Geng P, Li C, Ji X, Dong S. Numerical simulation of microfluidic mixing by ultrasonic-induced acoustic streaming. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1775638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Geng
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunxi Li
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangyong Ji
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
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11
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He Z, Wang J, Fike BJ, Li X, Li C, Mendis BL, Li P. A portable droplet generation system for ultra-wide dynamic range digital PCR based on a vibrating sharp-tip capillary. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113458. [PMID: 34216876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse droplet has been widely used as a versatile tool in different disciplines including biosensing. Existing methods still struggle to balance the droplet generation performance with system simplicity. Here we introduce a novel droplet generation scheme based on the acoustic streaming generated from a vibrating sharp-tip capillary. The unique fluid pattern enables efficient droplet generation without any external pressure sources. This method achieved real-time modulation of droplet size over an ultra-wide range (6.77-661 μm), high throughput (up to 5000 droplets/s), and good monodispersity (<4%) with a power consumption below 60 mW. This method has enabled a multi-volume digital PCR with a dynamic range of ~6 orders of magnitude and multiplexing capability. It has also enabled a simple protocol to produce cell-laden alginate microcapsules in variable sizes with excellent biocompatibility. Overall, the present method combines high performance with small footprint and portability, which will be especially valuable for droplet applications requiring variable droplet size and performed in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Bethany J Fike
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | | | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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12
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Ghorbani Kharaji Z, Bayareh M, Kalantar V. A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers is given. This is supplemented by the governing equations, governing non-dimensional parameters, numerical simulation approaches, and fabrication techniques. Acoustically induced vibration is a kind of external energy input employed in active micromixers to improve the mixing performance. An air bubble energized by an acoustic field acts as an external energy source and induces friction forces at the interface between an air bubble and liquid, leading to the formation of circulatory flows. The current review (with 200 references) evaluates different characteristics of microfluidic devices working based on acoustic field shaking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Vali Kalantar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Yazd University , Yazd , Iran
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13
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Li X, He Z, Li C, Li P. One-step enzyme kinetics measurement in 3D printed microfluidics devices based on a high-performance single vibrating sharp-tip mixer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1172:338677. [PMID: 34119024 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Measuring enzyme kinetics is of great importance to understand many biological processes and improve biosensing and industrial applications. Conventional methods of measuring enzyme kinetics require to prepare a series of solutions with different substrate concentrations and measure the signal response over time with these solutions, leading to tedious sample preparation steps, high reagents/sample consumption, and difficulties in studying fast enzyme kinetics. Here we report a one-step assay to measure enzyme kinetics using a 3D-printed microfluidic device, which eliminates the steps of preparing and handling multiple solutions thereby simplifying the whole workflow significantly. The assay is enabled by a highly efficient vibrating sharp-tip mixing method that can mix multiple streams of fluids with minimal mixing length (∼300 μm) and time (as low as 3 ms), and a wide range of working flow rates from 1.5 μL/min to 750 μL/min. Owing to the high performance of the mixer, a series of experiments with different substrate concentrations are performed by simply adjusting the flow rates of reagents loaded from three inlets in one experiment run. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed reaction between H2O2 and amplex red is measured in this system. The calculated Michaelis constant is consistent with the values from literature and conventional analysis methods. Due to the simplicity in fabrication and operation, rapid analysis, low power consumption (1.4-45.0 mW), and high temporal resolution, this method will significantly facilitate enzyme kinetics measurement, and offers great potential for optimizing enzyme based biosensing experiments and probing many biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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14
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Salari A, Appak-Baskoy S, Coe IR, Abousawan J, Antonescu CN, Tsai SSH, Kolios MC. Dosage-controlled intracellular delivery mediated by acoustofluidics for lab on a chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1788-1797. [PMID: 33734246 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological research and many cell-based therapies rely on the successful delivery of cargo materials into cells. Intracellular delivery in an in vitro setting refers to a variety of physical and biochemical techniques developed for conducting rapid and efficient transport of materials across the plasma membrane. Generally, the techniques that are time-efficient (e.g., electroporation) suffer from heterogeneity and low cellular viability, and those that are precise (e.g., microinjection) suffer from low-throughput and are labor-intensive. Here, we present a novel in vitro microfluidic strategy for intracellular delivery, which is based on the acoustic excitation of adherent cells. Strong mechanical oscillations, mediated by Lamb waves, inside a microfluidic channel facilitate the cellular uptake of different size (e.g., 3-500 kDa, plasmid encoding EGFP) cargo materials through endocytic pathways. We demonstrate successful delivery of 500 kDa dextran to various adherent cell lines with unprecedented efficiency in the range of 65-85% above control. We also show that actuation voltage and treatment duration can be tuned to control the dosage of delivered substances. High viability (≥91%), versatility across different cargo materials and various adherent cell lines, scalability to hundreds of thousands of cells per treatment, portability, and ease-of-operation are among the unique features of this acoustofluidic strategy. Potential applications include targeting through endocytosis-dependant pathways in cellular disorders, such as lysosomal storage diseases, which other physical methods are unable to address. This novel acoustofluidic method achieves rapid, uniform, and scalable delivery of material into cells, and may find utility in lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Imogen R Coe
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada and Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada
| | - John Abousawan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada and Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada and Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
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15
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Modeling of Endothelial Calcium Responses within a Microfluidic Generator of Spatio-Temporal ATP and Shear Stress Signals. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020161. [PMID: 33562260 PMCID: PMC7914997 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium dynamics play essential roles in the proper functioning of cellular activities. It is a well known important chemosensing and mechanosensing process regulated by the spatio-temporal microenvironment. Nevertheless, how spatio-temporal biochemical and biomechanical stimuli affect calcium dynamics is not fully understood and the underlying regulation mechanism remains missing. Herein, based on a developed microfluidic generator of biochemical and biomechanical signals, we theoretically analyzed the generation of spatio-temporal ATP and shear stress signals within the microfluidic platform and investigated the effect of spatial combination of ATP and shear stress stimuli on the intracellular calcium dynamics. The simulation results demonstrate the capacity and flexibility of the microfluidic system in generating spatio-temporal ATP and shear stress. Along the transverse direction of the microchannel, dynamic ATP signals of distinct amplitudes coupled with identical shear stress are created, which induce the spatio-temporal diversity in calcium responses. Interestingly, to the multiple combinations of stimuli, the intracellular calcium dynamics reveal two main modes: unimodal and oscillatory modes, showing significant dependence on the features of the spatio-temporal ATP and shear stress stimuli. The present study provides essential information for controlling calcium dynamics by regulating spatio-temporal biochemical and biomechanical stimuli, which shows the potential in directing cellular activities and understanding the occurrence and development of disease.
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16
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Zhang F, Sun Y, Luo C. Microfluidic approaches for synthetic gene circuits’ construction and analysis. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15302/j-qb-021-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Zhang C, Guo X, Royon L, Brunet P. Unveiling of the mechanisms of acoustic streaming induced by sharp edges. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:043110. [PMID: 33212576 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.043110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic waves can generate steady streaming within a fluid owing to the generation of viscous boundary layers near walls of typical thickness δ. In microchannels, the acoustic wavelength λ is adjusted to twice the channel width w to ensure a resonance condition, which implies the use of MHz transducers. Recently, though, intense acoustic streaming was generated by acoustic waves of a few kHz (hence with λ≫w), owing to the presence of sharp-tipped structures of curvature radius at the tip r_{c} smaller than δ. The present study quantitatively investigates this sharp-edge acoustic streaming via the direct resolution of the full Navier-Stokes equation using the finite element method. The influence of δ,r_{c}, and viscosity ν on the acoustic streaming performance is quantified. Our results suggest choices of operating conditions and geometrical parameters, in particular the dimensionless tip radius of curvature r_{c}/δ and the liquid viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Zhang
- Université de Paris, LIED, UMR 8236, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Université de Paris, LIED, UMR 8236, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Royon
- Université de Paris, LIED, UMR 8236, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Université de Paris, MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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18
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Zhang C, Guo X, Royon L, Brunet P. Acoustic Streaming Generated by Sharp Edges: The Coupled Influences of Liquid Viscosity and Acoustic Frequency. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E607. [PMID: 32580511 PMCID: PMC7345500 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic streaming can be generated around sharp structures, even when the acoustic wavelength is much larger than the vessel size. This sharp-edge streaming can be relatively intense, owing to the strongly focused inertial effect experienced by the acoustic flow near the tip. We conducted experiments with particle image velocimetry to quantify this streaming flow through the influence of liquid viscosity ν , from 1 mm 2 /s to 30 mm 2 /s, and acoustic frequency f from 500 Hz to 3500 Hz. Both quantities supposedly influence the thickness of the viscous boundary layer δ = ν π f 1 / 2 . For all situations, the streaming flow appears as a main central jet from the tip, generating two lateral vortices beside the tip and outside the boundary layer. As a characteristic streaming velocity, the maximal velocity is located at a distance of δ from the tip, and it increases as the square of the acoustic velocity. We then provide empirical scaling laws to quantify the influence of ν and f on the streaming velocity. Globally, the streaming velocity is dramatically weakened by a higher viscosity, whereas the flow pattern and the disturbance distance remain similar regardless of viscosity. Besides viscosity, the frequency also strongly influences the maximal streaming velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Zhang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (X.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (X.G.); (L.R.)
- ESIEE Paris, Université Gustave Eiffel, F-93162 Noisy le Grand, France
| | - Laurent Royon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (X.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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19
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Chen P, Li S, Guo Y, Zeng X, Liu BF. A review on microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment and its emerging application to cell analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:94-113. [PMID: 32674786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal manipulation of extracellular chemical environments with simultaneous monitoring of cellular responses plays an essential role in exploring fundamental biological processes and expands our understanding of underlying mechanisms. Despite the rapid progress and promising successes in manipulation strategies, many challenges remain due to the small size of cells and the rapid diffusion of chemical molecules. Fortunately, emerging microfluidic technology has become a powerful approach for precisely controlling the extracellular chemical microenvironment, which benefits from its integration capacity, automation, and high-throughput capability, as well as its high resolution down to submicron. Here, we summarize recent advances in microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment, including the following aspects: i) Spatial manipulation of chemical microenvironments realized by convection flow-, diffusion-, and droplet-based microfluidics, and surface chemical modification; ii) Temporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments enabled by flow switching/shifting, moving/flowing cells across laminar flows, integrated microvalves/pumps, and droplet manipulation; iii) Spatiotemporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments implemented by a coupling strategy and open-space microfluidics; and iv) High-throughput manipulation of chemical microenvironments. Finally, we briefly present typical applications of the above-mentioned technical advances in cell-based analyses including cell migration, cell signaling, cell differentiation, multicellular analysis, and drug screening. We further discuss the future improvement of microfluidics manipulation of extracellular chemical microenvironments to fulfill the needs of biological and biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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20
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Hao N, Liu P, Bachman H, Pei Z, Zhang P, Rufo J, Wang Z, Zhao S, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidics-Assisted Engineering of Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanoarrays. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6150-6163. [PMID: 32352741 PMCID: PMC7415004 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of acoustics and microfluidics (termed acoustofluidics) presents a frontier in the engineering of functional micro-/nanomaterials. Acoustofluidic techniques enable active and precise spatiotemporal control of matter, providing great potential for the design of advanced nanosystems with tunable material properties. In this work, we introduce an acoustofluidic approach for engineering multifunctional three-dimensional nanostructure arrays and demonstrate their potential in enrichment and biosensing applications. In particular, our acoustofluidic device integrates an acoustic transducer with a sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic reactor that enables uniform patterning of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoarrays with customizable lengths, densities, diameters, and other properties. The resulting ZnO nanoarray-coated glass capillaries can rapidly and efficiently capture and enrich biomolecules with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to several hundred nanometers. In order to enable the detection of these biomolecules, silver (Ag) nanoparticles are deposited onto the ZnO nanoarrays, and the integrated ZnO-Ag capillary device functions as a label-free plasmonic biosensing system for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based detection of exosomes, DNA oligonucleotides, and E. coli bacteria. The optical sensing enhancement of ZnO-Ag capillary is further validated through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. These findings not only provide insights into the engineering of functional micro/nanomaterials using acoustofluidics but also shed light onto the development of portable microanalytical devices for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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21
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Raza W, Hossain S, Kim KY. A Review of Passive Micromixers with a Comparative Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050455. [PMID: 32349452 PMCID: PMC7281436 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of existing passive micromixers are reviewed, and quantitative analyses of ten typical passive micromixers were performed to compare their mixing indices, pressure drops, and mixing costs under the same axial length and flow conditions across a wide Reynolds number range of 0.01–120. The tested micromixers were selected from five types of micromixer designs. The analyses of flow and mixing were performed using continuity, Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations. The results of the comparative analysis were presented for three different Reynolds number ranges: low-Re (Re ≤ 1), intermediate-Re (1 < Re ≤ 40), and high-Re (Re > 40) ranges, where the mixing mechanisms are different. The results show a two-dimensional micromixer of Tesla structure is recommended in the intermediate- and high-Re ranges, while two three-dimensional micromixers with two layers are recommended in the low-Re range due to their excellent mixing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwang-Yong Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-872-3096; Fax: +82-32-868-1716
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22
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Salari A, Appak-Baskoy S, Ezzo M, Hinz B, Kolios MC, Tsai SSH. Dancing with the Cells: Acoustic Microflows Generated by Oscillating Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903788. [PMID: 31829522 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a sound or ultrasound wave with an elastic object, such as a microbubble, can give rise to a steady-state microstreaming flow in its surrounding liquid. Many microfluidic strategies for cell and particle manipulation, and analyte mixing, are based on this type of flow. In addition, there are reports that acoustic streaming can be generated in biological systems, for instance, in a mammalian inner ear. Here, new observations are reported that individual cells are able to induce microstreaming flow, when they are excited by controlled acoustic waves in vitro. Single adherent cells are exposed to an acoustic field inside a microfluidic device. The cell-induced microstreaming is then investigated by monitoring flow tracers around the cell, while the structure and extracellular environment of the cell are altered using different chemicals. The observations suggest that the maximum streaming flow induced by an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell can reach velocities on the order of mm s-1 , and this maximum velocity is primarily governed by the overall cell stiffness. Therefore, such cell-induced microstreaming measurements, including flow pattern and velocity magnitude, may be used as label-free proxies of cellular mechanical properties, such as stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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23
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Haring AP, Thompson EG, Hernandez RD, Laheri S, Harrigan ME, Lear T, Sontheimer H, Johnson BN. 3D Printed Multiplexed Competitive Migration Assays with Spatially Programmable Release Sources. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e1900225. [PMID: 32293127 PMCID: PMC7687855 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, a 3D printed multiplexed competitive migration assay is reported for characterizing a chemotactic response in the presence of multiple spatially distributed chemoattractants. The utility of the assay is demonstrated by examining the chemotactic response of human glioblastoma cells to spatially opposing chemotactic gradients of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bradykinin (BK). Competitive migration assays involving spatially opposing gradients of EGF and BK that are optimized in the absence of the second chemoattractant show that 46% more glioblastoma cells migrate toward EGF sources. The migration velocities of human glioblastoma cells toward EGF and BK sources are reduced by 7.6 ± 2.2% and 11.6 ± 6.3% relative to those found in the absence of the spatially opposing chemoattractant. This work provides new insight to the chemotactic response associated with glioblastoma-vasculature interactions and a versatile, user-friendly platform for characterizing the chemotactic response of cells in the presence of multiple spatially distributed chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Haring
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Emily G Thompson
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Raymundo D Hernandez
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Sahil Laheri
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Megan E Harrigan
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Taylor Lear
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Blake N Johnson
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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24
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Wang Z, Huang PH, Chen C, Bachman H, Zhao S, Yang S, Huang TJ. Cell lysis via acoustically oscillating sharp edges. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4021-4032. [PMID: 31720640 PMCID: PMC6934418 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic device for cell lysis using the acoustic streaming effects induced by acoustically oscillating sharp-edged structures. The acoustic streaming locally generates high shear forces that can mechanically rupture cell membranes. With the acoustic-streaming-derived shear forces, our acoustofluidic device can perform cell lysis in a continuous, reagent-free manner, with a lysis efficiency of more than 90% over a range of sample flow rates. We demonstrate that our acoustofluidic lysis device works well on both adherent and non-adherent cells. We also validate it using clinically relevant samples such as red blood cells infected with malarial parasites. Additionally, the unique capability of our acoustofluidic device was demonstrated by performing downstream protein analysis and gene profiling without additional washing steps post-lysis. Our device is simple to fabricate and operate while consuming a relatively low volume of samples. These advantages and other features including the reagent-free nature and controllable lysis efficiency make our platform valuable for many biological and biomedical applications, particularly for the development of point-of-care platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Tony J Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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25
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Huang P, Zhao S, Bachman H, Nama N, Li Z, Chen C, Yang S, Wu M, Zhang SP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Synthesis of Particulate Nanomaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900913. [PMID: 31592417 PMCID: PMC6774021 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles and particulate nanomaterials with tailored properties is a central step toward many applications ranging from energy conversion and imaging/display to biosensing and nanomedicine. While existing microfluidics-based synthesis methods offer precise control over the synthesis process, most of them rely on passive, partial mixing of reagents, which limits their applicability and potentially, adversely alter the properties of synthesized products. Here, an acoustofluidic (i.e., the fusion of acoustic and microfluidics) synthesis platform is reported to synthesize nanoparticles and nanomaterials in a controllable, reproducible manner through acoustic-streaming-based active mixing of reagents. The acoustofluidic strategy allows for the dynamic control of the reaction conditions simply by adjusting the strength of the acoustic streaming. With this platform, the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles/nanomaterials is demonstrated including the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, metal-organic framework biocomposites, and lipid-DNA complexes. The acoustofluidic synthesis platform, when incorporated with varying flow rates, compositions, or concentrations of reagents, will lend itself unprecedented flexibility in establishing various reaction conditions and thus enable the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles and nanomaterials with prescribed properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Zhishang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Steven Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
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26
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Abstract
Cellular analysis is a central concept for both biology and medicine. Over the past two decades, acoustofluidic technologies, which marry acoustic waves with microfluidics, have significantly contributed to the development of innovative approaches for cellular analysis. Acoustofluidic technologies enable precise manipulations of cells and the fluids that confine them, and these capabilities have been utilized in many cell analysis applications. In this review article, we examine various applications where acoustofluidic methods have been implemented, including cell imaging, cell mechanotyping, circulating tumor cell phenotyping, sample preparation in clinics, and investigation of cell-cell interactions and cell-environment responses. We also provide our perspectives on the technological advantages, limitations, and potential future directions for this innovative field of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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27
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Zhao S, He W, Ma Z, Liu P, Huang PH, Bachman H, Wang L, Yang S, Tian Z, Wang Z, Gu Y, Xie Z, Huang TJ. On-chip stool liquefaction via acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:941-947. [PMID: 30702741 PMCID: PMC6626638 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based portable devices for stool analysis are important for detecting established biomarkers for gastrointestinal disorders and understanding the relationship between gut microbiota imbalances and various health conditions, ranging from digestive disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the challenge of processing stool samples in microfluidic devices hinders the development of a standalone platform. Here, we present the first microfluidic chip that can liquefy stool samples via acoustic streaming. With an acoustic transducer actively generating strong micro-vortex streaming, stool samples and buffers in microchannel can be homogenized at a flow rate up to 30 μL min-1. After homogenization, an array of 100 μm wide micropillars can further purify stool samples by filtering out large debris. A favorable biocompatibility was also demonstrated for our acoustofluidic-based stool liquefaction chip by examining bacteria morphology and viability. Moreover, stool samples with different consistencies were liquefied. Our acoustofluidic chip offers a miniaturized, robust, and biocompatible solution for stool sample preparation in a microfluidic environment and can be potentially integrated with stool analysis units for designing portable stool diagnostics platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Olofsson K, Hammarström B, Wiklund M. Ultrasonic Based Tissue Modelling and Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E594. [PMID: 30441752 PMCID: PMC6266922 DOI: 10.3390/mi9110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systems and devices for in vitro tissue modelling and engineering are valuable tools, which combine the strength between the controlled laboratory environment and the complex tissue organization and environment in vivo. Device-based tissue engineering is also a possible avenue for future explant culture in regenerative medicine. The most fundamental requirements on platforms intended for tissue modelling and engineering are their ability to shape and maintain cell aggregates over long-term culture. An emerging technology for tissue shaping and culture is ultrasonic standing wave (USW) particle manipulation, which offers label-free and gentle positioning and aggregation of cells. The pressure nodes defined by the USW, where cells are trapped in most cases, are stable over time and can be both static and dynamic depending on actuation schemes. In this review article, we highlight the potential of USW cell manipulation as a tool for tissue modelling and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Olofsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Björn Hammarström
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Peña-del Castillo JG, Hernández-Cruz A, Garcia-Cordero JL. Dynamic Generation of Concentration- and Temporal-Dependent Chemical Signals in an Integrated Microfluidic Device for Single-Cell Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8331-8336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Gonzalez-Suarez
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León, 66628, México
| | - Johanna G. Peña-del Castillo
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Jose L. Garcia-Cordero
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León, 66628, México
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