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Dong M, Sun Y, Dunstan DJ, Young RJ, Papageorgiou DG. Mechanical reinforcement from two-dimensional nanofillers: model, bulk and hybrid polymer nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13247-13299. [PMID: 38940686 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to their intrinsic properties, multifunctionality and unique geometrical features, two-dimensional nanomaterials have been used widely as reinforcements in polymer nanocomposites. The effective mechanical reinforcement of polymers is, however, a multifaceted problem as it depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the fillers and the matrix, but also upon a number of other important parameters. These parameters include the processing method, the interfacial properties, the aspect ratio, defects, orientation, agglomeration and volume fraction of the fillers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanical reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites from two-dimensional nanofillers with an emphasis on the mechanisms of reinforcement. Model, bulk and hybrid polymer nanocomposites are reviewed comprehensively. The use of Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies is examined in light of the distinctive information they can yield upon stress transfer at interfaces. It is shown that the very diverse family of 2D nanofillers includes a number of materials that can attribute distrinctive features to a polymeric matrix, and we focus on the mechanical properties of both graphene and some of the most important 2D materials beyond graphene, including boron nitride, molybdenum disulphide, other transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes and black phosphorous. In the first part of the review we evaluate the mechanical properties of 2D nanoplatelets in "model" nanocomposites. Next we examine how the performance of these materials can be optimised in bulk nanocomposites. Finally, combinations of these 2D nanofillers with other 2D nanomaterials or with nanofillers of other dimensions are assessed thoroughly, as such combinations can lead to additive or even synergistic mechanical effects. Existing unsolved problems and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Yiwei Sun
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - David J Dunstan
- School of Physics and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Robert J Young
- National Graphene Institute, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Dimitrios G Papageorgiou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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2
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Oguntade E, Wigham C, Owuor L, Aryal U, O'Grady K, Acierto A, Zha RH, Henderson JH. Dry and wet wrinkling of a silk fibroin biopolymer by a shape-memory material with insight into mechanical effects on secondary structures in the silk network. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6351-6370. [PMID: 38864220 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Surface wrinkling provides an approach to modify the surfaces of biomedical devices to better mimic features of the extracellular matrix and guide cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Biopolymer wrinkling on active materials holds promise but is poorly explored. Here we report a mechanically actuated assembly process to generate uniaxial micro-and nanosized silk fibroin (SF) wrinkles on a thermo-responsive shape-memory polymer (SMP) substrate, with wrinkling demonstrated under both dry and hydrated (cell compatible) conditions. By systematically investigating the influence of SMP programmed strain magnitude, film thickness, and aqueous media on wrinkle stability and morphology, we reveal how to control the wrinkle sizes on the micron and sub-micron length scale. Furthermore, as a parameter fundamental to SMPs, we demonstrate that the temperature during the recovery process can also affect the wrinkle characteristics and the secondary structures in the silk network. We find that with increasing SMP programmed strain magnitude, silk wrinkled topographies with increasing wavelengths and amplitudes are achieved. Furthermore, silk wrinkling is found to increase β-sheet content, with spectroscopic analysis suggesting that the effect may be due primarily to tensile (e.g., Poisson effect and high-curvature wrinkle) loading modes in the SF, despite the compressive bulk deformation (uniaxial contraction) used to produce wrinkles. Silk wrinkles fabricated from sufficiently thick films (roughly 250 nm) persist after 24 h in cell culture medium. Using a fibroblast cell line, analysis of cellular response to the wrinkled topographies reveals high viability and attachment. These findings demonstrate use of wrinkled SF films under physiologically relevant conditions and suggest the potential for biopolymer wrinkles on biomaterials surfaces to find application in cell mechanobiology, wound healing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oguntade
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Caleb Wigham
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Luiza Owuor
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Ujjwal Aryal
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Kerrin O'Grady
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Anthony Acierto
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - R Helen Zha
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - James H Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Ren M, Mao B, Ding P, Niu L, Yuan Z, Jia X, Wang Z, Xu K, Wang J. Improvement of electrothermal and photothermal properties of ultra-thin graphite film on oxygen plasma-treated polyimide substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235703. [PMID: 38417173 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2e4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are widely used in the field of energy conversion and management due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this paper, ultra-thin graphite film (GF) with thickness of 100-150 nm prepared by chemical vapor deposition was transferred to oxygen plasma-treated polyimide (PI) substrate as flexible heating film. The electrothermal and photothermal properties of GF on PI substrates with different treatment time were studied. The experimental results show that the PI substrate pretreated by oxygen plasma can change the surface morphology of GF, increase its electrical conductivity and light absorption capacity, and significantly improve the electrothermal and photothermal properties of GF heater. Under the low applied voltage of 5 V (power density of 0.81 W cm-2), the surface temperature of GF on 40 min plasma-treated PI substrate can rise to 250 °C, which is nearly 50 °C higher than that of GF on untreated PI substrate. When 100 nm thick commercial multilayer graphene film (MLG) is used, plasma-treated PI substrate can increase the electric heating temperature of MLG by 70 °C. In terms of photothermal performance, the surface temperature of GF on 50 min plasma-treated PI substrate can reach 73 °C under one Sun irradiation, which is 8 °C higher than that on untreated substrate. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation research. Our strategy has important implications for the development of efficient and energy-saving graphene/graphite-based heating films for advanced electrothermal and photothermal conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuai Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Applied Technologies, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Applied Technologies, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiao Wang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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Du S, Guo H, Zhang J, Xie Z, Yang H, Wu N, Liu Y. Microstructure and Property Evolution of Diamond/GaInSn Composites under Thermal Load and High Humidity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1152. [PMID: 38473624 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
As a thermal interface material, diamond/GaInSn composites have wide-ranging application prospects in the thermal management of chips. However, studies on systematic reliability that can guide the practical application of diamond/GaInSn in the high-temperature, high-temperature impact, or high-humidity service environments that are faced by chips remain lacking. In this study, the performance evolution of diamond/GaInSn was studied under high-temperature storage (150 °C), high- and low-temperature cycling (-50 °C to 125 °C), and high temperature and high humidity (85 °C and 85% humidity). The experimental results reveal the failure mechanism of semi-solid composites during high temperature oxidation. It is revealed that core oxidation is the key to the degradation of liquid metal composites' properties under high-temperature storage and high- and low-temperature cycling conditions. Under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the failure of Ga-based liquid metal and its composite materials is significant. Therefore, the material should avoid high-temperature and high-humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zhongnan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
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5
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Oguntade E, Fougnier D, Meyer S, O'Grady K, Kudlack A, Henderson JH. Tuning the Topography of Dynamic 3D Scaffolds through Functional Protein Wrinkled Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:609. [PMID: 38475293 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface wrinkling provides an approach to fabricate micron and sub-micron-level biomaterial topographies that can mimic features of the dynamic, in vivo cell environment and guide cell adhesion, alignment, and differentiation. Most wrinkling research to date has used planar, two-dimensional (2D) substrates, and wrinkling work on three-dimensional (3D) structures has been limited. To enable wrinkle formation on architecturally complex, biomimetic 3D structures, here, we report a simple, low-cost experimental wrinkling approach that combines natural silk fibroin films with a recently developed advanced manufacturing technique for programming strain in complex 3D shape-memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds. By systematically investigating the influence of SMP programmed strain magnitude, silk film thickness, and aqueous media on wrinkle morphology and stability, we reveal how to generate and tune silk wrinkles on the micron and sub-micron scale. We find that increasing SMP programmed strain magnitude increases wavelength and decreases amplitudes of silk wrinkled topographies, while increasing silk film thickness increases wavelength and amplitude. Silk wrinkles persist after 24 h in cell culture medium. Wrinkled topographies demonstrate high cell viability and attachment. These findings suggest the potential for fabricating biomimetic cellular microenvironments that can advance understanding and control of cell-material interactions in engineering tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oguntade
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Daniel Fougnier
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Sadie Meyer
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Kerrin O'Grady
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Autumn Kudlack
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - James H Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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6
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Park Y, Kim H, Song J, Kim S, Lee BC, Kim J. Dielectrophoretic force-induced wrinkling of graphene oxide: Enhancing electrical conductivity and expanding biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115867. [PMID: 38086307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has many advantages, making it suitable for various applications. However, it has low electrical conductivity, restricting its applicability to electrochemical biosensors. This study used dielectrophoretic (DEP) force to control the movement and deformation of GO nanosheets to achieve high electrical conductivity without the chemical reduction of oxygen functional groups. Subjecting the DEP force to GO nanosheets induced physical deformation leading to the formation of wrinkled structures. A computational simulation was performed to set an appropriate electrical condition for operating a positive DEP force effect of at least 1019 v2/m3, and the interdigitated microelectrode structure was selected. The resulting wrinkled GO exhibited significantly improved electrical conductivity, reaching 21.721 μS while preserving the essential oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, a biosensor was fabricated using wrinkled GO deposited via DEP force. The biosensor demonstrated superior sensitivity, exhibiting a 9.6-fold enhancement compared with reduced GO (rGO) biosensors, as demonstrated through biological experiments targeting inducible nitric oxide synthase. This study highlights the potential of using DEP force to enhance electrical conductivity in GO-based biosensing applications, opening new avenues for high-performance diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jinsik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhang Y, Hossain MA, Hwang KJ, Ferrari PF, Maduzia J, Peña T, Wu SM, Ertekin E, van der Zande AM. Patternable Process-Induced Strain in 2D Monolayers and Heterobilayers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4205-4215. [PMID: 38266246 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Strain engineering in two-dimensional (2D) materials is a powerful but difficult to control approach to tailor material properties. Across applications, there is a need for device-compatible techniques to design strain within 2D materials. This work explores how process-induced strain engineering, commonly used by the semiconductor industry to enhance transistor performance, can be used to pattern complex strain profiles in monolayer MoS2 and 2D heterostructures. A traction-separation model is identified to predict strain profiles and extract the interfacial traction coefficient of 1.3 ± 0.7 MPa/μm and the damage initiation threshold of 16 ± 5 nm. This work demonstrates the utility to (1) spatially pattern the optical band gap with a tuning rate of 91 ± 1 meV/% strain and (2) induce interlayer heterostrain in MoS2-WSe2 heterobilayers. These results provide a CMOS-compatible approach to design complex strain patterns in 2D materials with important applications in 2D heterogeneous integration into CMOS technologies, moiré engineering, and confining quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - M Abir Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Kelly J Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paolo F Ferrari
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph Maduzia
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tara Peña
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stephen M Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nano Technology Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Gao F, Yao Y, Liu T. Tension-Induced Localized Wrinkling in a Patched Thin Film Supported by an Elastomer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:133-140. [PMID: 38130133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The wrinkling behavior of thin films has received great attention for their applications in developing various wrinkle-based novel technologies. Herein, a new wrinkling system: tension-induced wrinkling in an elastomer-supported patched thin film (TW-P&SF) is investigated by using PDMS-supported patched polyimide thin films with different thicknesses and varied length/width ratios. Different from the well-studied compression-induced wrinkling in an elastomer-supported thin film (CW-SF) and tension-induced wrinkling in an edge-clamped free-standing thin film (TW-FF), in the system of TW-P&SF, the wrinkles are localized near the edge of the film with a finite length that follows a center-symmetric distribution. It was found that the wrinkle length lmax and the wrinkle period λ scale with the film thickness h as λ ∼ h0.86 and lmax ∼ h-0.79. With the assistance of the two-dimensional shear lag model and scaling analysis, the underlying mechanism for wrinkle localization is clarified. Furthermore, the promise of the TW-P&SF-enabled wrinkle-based method as a new method for thin film mechanical characterization is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, PR China
| | - Yanbo Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, PR China
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9
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Gao S, Wu X, Xiao X, Liu W, Huang K. Direct growth Bi2O 2Se nanosheets on SiO 2/Si substrate for high-performance and broadband photodetector. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:125703. [PMID: 38096576 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad15ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bi2O2Se, a newly emerging two-dimensional (2D) material, has attracted significant attention as a promising candidate for optoelectronics applications due to its exceptional air stability and high mobility. Generally, mica and SrTiO3substrates with lattice matching are commonly used for the growth of high-quality 2D Bi2O2Se. Although 2D Bi2O2Se grown on these insulating substrates can be transferred onto Si substrate to ensure compatibility with silicon-based semiconductor processes, this inevitably introduces defects and surface states that significantly compromise the performance of optoelectronic devices. Herein we employ Bi2Se3as the evaporation source and oxygen reaction to directly grow Bi2O2Se nanosheets on Si substrate through a conventional chemical vapor deposition method. The photodetector based on the Bi2O2Se nanosheets on Si substrate demonstrates outstanding optoelectronics performance with a responsivity of 379 A W-1, detectivity of 2.9 × 1010Jones, and rapid response time of 0.28 ms, respectively, with 532 nm illumination. Moreover, it also exhibits a broadband photodetection capability across the visible to near-infrared range (532-1300 nm). These results suggest that the promising potential of Bi2O2Se nanosheets for high-performance and broadband photodetector applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Gao
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongqing Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Huang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ling F, Ling Y, Liu X, Li L, Zhou X, Tang X, Jing C, Wang Y, Jiang S, Lu Y. Chirality dependent electromechanical properties of single-layer MoS 2 under out-of-plane deformation: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28510-28516. [PMID: 37847129 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) demonstrate significant promise in logic circuits and optoelectronic devices because of their unique structures and excellent semiconductor properties. However, they inevitably undergo out-of-plane deformation during practical applications due to their ultra-thin structures. Recent experiments have shown that out-of-plane deformation significantly affects the electronic structures of 2D TMDs. However, the underlying physical mechanism is largely unknown. Therefore, it is critical to have a deeper understanding of out-of-plane deformation in 2D TMDs to optimize their applications in different fields. Currently, one of the most pressing matters that requires clarification is the chirality dependence of out-of-plane deformation in tuning the electromechanical properties of 2D TMDs. In this work, using single-layer MoS2 as a probe, we systematically investigate the effects of out-of-plane deformation along different chirality directions on the bond length, bending stiffness, electric polarization, and band structure of 2D TMDs by employing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our results indicate that the bond length, bending energy, polarization strength, and band gap size of single-layer MoS2 are isotropic under out-of-plane deformation, while the band gap type is closely related to the direction of deformation. Our study will provide an essential theoretical basis for further revealing the structure-performance relationship of 2D TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faling Ling
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ling
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Li Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Xianju Zhou
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Jing
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjie Wang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Jiang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China
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11
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Rai H, Thakur D, Gadal A, Ye Z, Balakrishnan V, Gosvami NN. Nanoscale friction and wear behavior of a CVD-grown aged WS 2 monolayer: the role of wrinkles and surface chemistry. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:10079-10088. [PMID: 37249216 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Friction reduction by transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers is well documented; however, wrinkle formation on the surface of TMDs takes place due to strain relaxation over time and leads to the deterioration of the tribological properties at a small scale. Herein, we report the role of wrinkles on the wear behavior of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown aged WS2 monolayer and the comparison with wrinkle-free regions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to perform load-dependent experiments, and we noticed that the wear initiated near wrinkles resulted in the disintegration of the monolayer. In contrast, in the wrinkle-free regions, wear occurred at significantly higher loads, similar to that of freshly grown WS2, although the coefficient of friction (COF) was increased due to the changes in surface chemistry as a result of aging, which was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of wrinkles, a ten-fold reduction in the load-carrying capacity was observed compared to the wrinkle-free regions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to corroborate experimental findings, which demonstrate the role of wrinkles in the initiation of wear due to the stress concentration under sliding nanocontacts near the wrinkles. In addition, simulations help establish a relationship between the adsorbed chemical species on the surface and increased COF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Rai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Deepa Thakur
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
| | - Aayush Gadal
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Viswanath Balakrishnan
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
| | - Nitya Nand Gosvami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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12
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Zhou Z, Xing Z, Wang Q, Liu J. Electrochemical Oxidation to Fabricate Micro-Nano-Scale Surface Wrinkling of Liquid Metals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207327. [PMID: 36866492 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Constructing wrinkled structures on the surface of materials to obtain new functions has broad application prospects. Here a generalized method is reported to fabricate multi-scale and diverse-dimensional oxide wrinkles on liquid metal surfaces by an electrochemical anodization method. The oxide film on the surface of the liquid metal is successfully thickened to hundreds of nanometers by electrochemical anodization, and then the micro-wrinkles with height differences of several hundred nanometers are obtained by the growth stress. It is succeeded in altering the distribution of growth stress by changing the substrate geometry to induce different wrinkle morphologies, such as one-dimensional striped wrinkles and two-dimensional labyrinth wrinkles. Further, radial wrinkles are obtained under the hoop stress induced by the difference in surface tensions. These hierarchical wrinkles of different scales can exist on the liquid metal surface simultaneously. Surface wrinkles of liquid metal may have potential applications in the future for flexible electronics, sensors, displays, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuquan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zerong Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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13
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Lee F, Tripathi M, Sanchez Salas R, Ogilvie SP, Amorim Graf A, Jurewicz I, Dalton AB. Localised strain and doping of 2D materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7227-7248. [PMID: 37038962 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in 2D materials-based devices as the replacement for established materials, such as silicon and metal oxides in microelectronics and sensing, respectively. However, the atomically thin nature of 2D materials makes them susceptible to slight variations caused by their immediate environment, inducing doping and strain, which can vary between, and even microscopically within, devices. One of the misapprehensions for using 2D materials is the consideration of unanimous intrinsic properties over different support surfaces. The interfacial interaction, intrinsic structural disorder and external strain modulate the properties of 2D materials and govern the device performance. The understanding, measurement and control of these factors are thus one of the significant challenges for the adoption of 2D materials in industrial electronics, sensing, and polymer composites. This topical review provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of strain-induced lattice deformation and its relationship with physical and electronic properties. Using the example of graphene and MoS2 (as the prototypical 2D semiconductor), we rationalise the importance of scanning probe techniques and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate strain and doping in 2D materials. These effects can be directly and accurately characterised through Raman shifts in a non-destructive manner. A generalised model has been presented that deconvolutes the intertwined relationship between strain and doping in graphene and MoS2 that could apply to other members of the 2D materials family. The emerging field of straintronics is presented, where the controlled application of strain over 2D materials induces tuneable physical and electronic properties. These perspectives highlight practical considerations for strain engineering and related microelectromechanical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lee
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK.
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14
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Ling F, Liao R, Yuan C, Shi X, Li L, Zhou X, Tang X, Jing C, Wang Y, Jiang S. Geometric, electronic and transport properties of bulged graphene: A theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:084702. [PMID: 36859079 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Out-of-plane deformation in graphene is unavoidable during both synthesis and transfer procedures due to its special flexibility, which distorts the lattice and eventually imposes crucial effects on the physical features of graphene. Nowadays, however, little is known about this phenomenon, especially for zero-dimensional bulges formed in graphene. In this work, employing first-principles-based theoretical calculations, we systematically studied the bulge effect on the geometric, electronic, and transport properties of graphene. We demonstrate that the bulge formation can introduce mechanical strains (lower than 2%) to the graphene's lattice, which leads to a significant charge redistribution throughout the structure. More interestingly, a visible energy band splitting was observed with the occurrence of zero-dimensional bulges in graphene, which can be attributed to the interlayer coupling that stems from the bulged structure. In addition, it finds that the formed bulges in graphene increase the electron states near the Fermi level, which may account for the enhanced carrier concentration. However, the lowered carrier mobility and growing phonon scattering caused by the formed bulges diminish the transport of both electrons and heat in graphene. Finally, we indicate that bulges arising in graphene increase the possibility of intrinsic defect formation. Our work will evoke attention to the out-of-plane deformation in 2D materials and provide new light to tune their physical properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faling Ling
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liao
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yuan
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Hongzhiwei Technology (Shanghai) CO. LTD., 1599 Xinjinqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Jing
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Jiang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
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15
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Qi P, Zhu H, Borodich F, Peng Q. A Review of the Mechanical Properties of Graphene Aerogel Materials: Experimental Measurements and Computer Simulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1800. [PMID: 36902915 PMCID: PMC10004370 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene aerogels (GAs) combine the unique properties of two-dimensional graphene with the structural characteristics of microscale porous materials, exhibiting ultralight, ultra-strength, and ultra-tough properties. GAs are a type of promising carbon-based metamaterials suitable for harsh environments in aerospace, military, and energy-related fields. However, there are still some challenges in the application of graphene aerogel (GA) materials, which requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanical properties of GAs and the associated enhancement mechanisms. This review first presents experimental research works related to the mechanical properties of GAs in recent years and identifies the key parameters that dominate the mechanical properties of GAs in different situations. Then, simulation works on the mechanical properties of GAs are reviewed, the deformation mechanisms are discussed, and the advantages and limitations are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the potential directions and main challenges is provided for future studies in the mechanical properties of GA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Qi
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Hanxing Zhu
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Feodor Borodich
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Yang R, Song H, Zhou Z, Yang S, Tang X, He J, Liu S, Zeng Z, Yang BR, Gui X. Ultra-sensitive, Multi-directional Flexible Strain Sensors Based on an MXene Film with Periodic Wrinkles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8345-8354. [PMID: 36725839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fast-growing motion capturing/monitoring technique has raised a great demand for flexible strain sensors. For capturing complex motions (e.g., facial motion), both the strain amplitude and direction should be accurately detected. Although some reported sensors based on anisotropic conductive networks are proved to show accurate localization of strain directions, it is still a great challenge to achieve both high sensitivity and a high sensing range in these designs. Here, a self-assembled Ti3C2Tx MXene film with parallel and periodic wrinkles is fabricated on a stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrate for constructing multi-directional strain sensors. During stretching, relative slip and crack will occur between the stacked MXene nanosheets, which contribute to high structural sensitivity in the MXene film. Meanwhile, the wrinkled structure contributes to high stretchability. As a result, the sensor based on the film with one-dimensional periodic wrinkles shows a large sensing range (>50%) and a gauge factor of 45. Furthermore, the sensor can accurately detect both the strain amplitude and direction by using the MXene film with two-dimensional wrinkles. It shows distinguishable electrical responses when detecting different-amplitude human/robot motions such as joint bending and walking. Additionally, the directions in complex human motions (e.g., facial motion) can also be well-tracked. This work provides an effective strategy to detect multi-directional motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haizhou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guangzhou City University of Technology, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Shaodian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junkai He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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17
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Duan F, Wei D, Chen A, Zheng X, Wang H, Qin G. Efficient modulation of thermal transport in two-dimensional materials for thermal management in device applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1459-1483. [PMID: 36541854 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of chip technology, the density of transistors on integrated circuits is increasing and the size is gradually shrinking to the micro-/nanoscale, with the consequent problem of heat dissipation on chips becoming increasingly serious. For device applications, efficient heat dissipation and thermal management play a key role in ensuring device operation reliability. In this review, we summarize the thermal management applications based on 2D materials from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. The regulation approaches of thermal transport can be divided into two main types: intrinsic structure engineering (acting on the intrinsic structure) and non-structure engineering (applying external fields). On one hand, the thermal transport properties of 2D materials can be modulated by defects and disorders, size effect (including length, width, and the number of layers), heterostructures, structure regulation, doping, alloy, functionalizing, and isotope purity. On the other hand, strain engineering, electric field, and substrate can also modulate thermal transport efficiently without changing the intrinsic structure of the materials. Furthermore, we propose a perspective on the topic of using magnetism and light field to modulate the thermal transport properties of 2D materials. In short, we comprehensively review the existing thermal management modulation applications as well as the latest research progress, and conclude with a discussion and perspective on the applications of 2D materials in thermal management, which will be of great significance to the development of next-generation nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Donghai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Ailing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Huimin Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials & Device and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Guangzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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18
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Peng M, Cheng J, Zheng X, Ma J, Feng Z, Sun X. 2D-materials-integrated optoelectromechanics: recent progress and future perspectives. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:026402. [PMID: 36167057 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac953e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials has gained worldwide attention owing to their extraordinary optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Due to their atomic layer thicknesses, the emerging 2D materials have great advantages of enhanced interaction strength, broad operating bandwidth, and ultralow power consumption for optoelectromechanical coupling. The van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy or multidimensional integration of 2D material family provides a promising platform for on-chip advanced nano-optoelectromechanical systems (NOEMS). Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the nanomechanical properties of 2D materials and the recent advances of 2D-materials-integrated nano-electromechanical systems and nano-optomechanical systems. By utilizing active nanophotonics and optoelectronics as the interface, 2D active NOEMS and their coupling effects are particularly highlighted at the 2D atomic scale. Finally, we share our viewpoints on the future perspectives and key challenges of scalable 2D-materials-integrated active NOEMS for on-chip miniaturized, lightweight, and multifunctional integration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzeng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,People's Republic of China
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jiadong Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhe Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ziyao Feng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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19
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Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Cerda-Iglesias FE, Pérez-Monje DA, Acuña-Ruiz NF, Terraza-Inostroza CA, Rodríguez-Hernández J, González-Henríquez CM. Smart Polymer Surfaces with Complex Wrinkled Patterns: Reversible, Non-Planar, Gradient, and Hierarchical Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030612. [PMID: 36771913 PMCID: PMC9920088 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the relevant developments in preparing wrinkled structures with variable characteristics. These include the formation of smart interfaces with reversible wrinkle formation, the construction of wrinkles in non-planar supports, or, more interestingly, the development of complex hierarchically structured wrinkled patterns. Smart wrinkled surfaces obtained using light-responsive, pH-responsive, temperature-responsive, and electromagnetic-responsive polymers are thoroughly described. These systems control the formation of wrinkles in particular surface positions and the reversible construction of planar-wrinkled surfaces. This know-how of non-planar substrates has been recently extended to other structures, thus forming wrinkled patterns on solid, hollow spheres, cylinders, and cylindrical tubes. Finally, this bibliographic analysis also presents some illustrative examples of the potential of wrinkle formation to create more complex patterns, including gradient structures and hierarchically multiscale-ordered wrinkles. The orientation and the wrinkle characteristics (amplitude and period) can also be modulated according to the requested application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Santiago, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Felipe E. Cerda-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Programa PhD en Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| | - Dan A. Pérez-Monje
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Nicolas F. Acuña-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Terraza-Inostroza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymer (RLOP), Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen M. González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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20
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Liu K, Mao S, Zhang S, Zhou J. Photoinduced Rippling of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Nitride Monolayers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9006-9012. [PMID: 36342788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inducing structural changes and deformation using noninvasive methods, such as ultrafast laser technology, is an attractive route to multiple optomechanical and optoelectronic applications. Here, we show how photon excitation could accumulate in-plane stress and induce long-wavelength ripples in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Numerical results based on first-principles calculations and a continuum model predict that long-range nanoscale rippling could emerge under photon excitation in hexagonal nitride single atomic sheets. The photosoftened transverse acoustic mode dominates the out-of-plane distortion of the sheet, and the resultant rippling pattern strongly depends on the boundary condition. We reveal that the wavelength and height of the ripple scale as I-1/3 and I1/6, respectively, where I is the incident light energy flux. Our findings based on multiscale theory and simulations elucidate the interplay between carrier excitation, phonon dispersion, and long-range mechanical deformations, which could find potential usage in flexible electronics and electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Shunhong Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
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21
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Ma X, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wu C, Geng G, Zhang J, Wu E, Xu L, Wu S, Hu X, Liu J. Engineering of Oxidized Line Defects on CVD-Grown MoS 2 Flakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47288-47299. [PMID: 36205718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering is a promising means to create patterns on two-dimensional (2D) materials to enable unconventional properties. However, defects usually exist abundantly and randomly on 2D materials, which makes it difficult to tune the properties in a controllable manner. Therefore, it is highly desirable to find out the formation mechanism and controllable fabrication method of defects on 2D materials. In this report, we systematically investigated the line defects on monolayer MoS2 formed by introducing oxygen during the CVD growth. The line defects were formed due to the overoxidation of the MoS2 flake along crystal boundaries, which bulged out of the surface and had the same surface potential as the basal plane. Therefore, the MoS2 flake with line defects maintained the optical and electrical integrity but exhibited distinct properties as compared to the pristine one. By controlling the oxygen concentration during CVD growth, the density of the line defects can be precisely controlled to implement controllable property tuning. Moreover, during the transfer process, the MoS2 flake was easily broken along the line defects, which increased the active sites to achieve enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance. This work is expected to inspire the development of patterned functional 2D materials by defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Guangyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Enxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Linyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
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22
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Dat VD, Vu TV, Lavrentyev AA, Khyzhun OY, Hieu NN, Tong HD. First-principles study on the structural properties of 2D MXene SnSiGeN 4 and its electronic properties under the effects of strain and an external electric field. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29113-29123. [PMID: 36320756 PMCID: PMC9555058 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The MXene SnSiGeN4 monolayer as a new member of the MoSi2N4 family was proposed for the first time, and its structural and electronic properties were explored by applying first-principles calculations with both PBE and hybrid HSE06 approaches. The layered hexagonal honeycomb structure of SnSiGeN4 was determined to be stable under dynamical effects or at room temperature of 300 K, with a rather high cohesive energy of 7.0 eV. The layered SnSiGeN4 has a Young's modulus of 365.699 N m-1 and a Poisson's ratio of 0.295. The HSE06 approach predicted an indirect band gap of around 2.4 eV for the layered SnSiGeN4. While the major donation from the N-p orbitals to the band structure makes SnSiGeN4's band gap close to those of similar 2D MXenes, the smaller distributions from the other orbitals of Sn, Si, and Ge slightly vary this band gap. The work functions of the GeN and SiN surfaces are 6.367 eV and 5.903 eV, respectively. The band gap of the layered SnSiGeN4 can be easily tuned by strain and an external electric field. A semiconductor-metal transition can occur at certain values of strain, and with an electric field higher than 5 V nm-1. The electron mobility of the layered SnSiGeN4 can reach up to 677.4 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is much higher than the hole mobility of about 52 cm2 V-1 s-1. The mentioned characteristics make the layered SnSiGeN4 a very promising material for use in electronic and photoelectronic devices, and for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo D. Dat
- Laboratory for Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam,Faculty of Mechanical – Electrical and Computer Engineering, Van Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Tuan V. Vu
- Laboratory for Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam,Faculty of Mechanical – Electrical and Computer Engineering, Van Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - A. A. Lavrentyev
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Don State Technical University1 Gagarin Square, 344010 Rostov-on-DonRussian Federation
| | - O. Y. Khyzhun
- Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine3 Krzhyzhanovsky StreetUA-03142 KyivUkraine
| | - Nguyen N. Hieu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Vietnam,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Vietnam
| | - Hien D. Tong
- Faculty of Engineering, Vietnamese-German UniversityBinh DuongVietnam
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23
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Wang E, Chen Z, Shi R, Xiong Z, Xin Z, Wang B, Guo J, Peng R, Wu Y, Li C, Ren H, Li X, Liu K. Humidity-Controlled Dynamic Engineering of Buckling Dimensionality in MoS 2 Thin Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14157-14167. [PMID: 36053054 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic engineering of buckling deformation is of vital importance as it provides multiphase modulation of thin film devices. In particular, dynamic switch of buckles between one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) configurations in a single film system on rigid substrates is intriguing but very challenging. The current approach to changing buckling configuration is mainly achieved by varying the built-in stress at the film-substrate interface, but it is difficult to realize dynamic engineering on rigid substrates. Herein, we report a dynamic engineering of buckling deformation in MoS2 thin films by humidity-tuned interfacial adhesion. With the change of humidity, the MoS2 thin films deform from 1D telephone-cord buckles to 2D web-like buckles due to the hydrophilic nature of both MoS2 and substrate. Such 1D-to-2D evolution of buckles is attributed to the weakened interfacial adhesion of mixed deformation modes induced by humidity, which is verified by finite-element modeling. These buckled films further find potential applications as patterned templates for liquid condensation and sensing units for tactile sensors. Our work not only demonstrates the humidity-controlled dimensionality engineering of buckles in MoS2 thin films but also sheds light on the functional applications of buckled films based on their profile features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zekun Chen
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Run Shi
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zixin Xiong
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zeqin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruixuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonghuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongtao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Hunan Road No. 1, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Zou X, Sun Y, Wang C. Horizontally Self-Standing Growth of Bi 2 O 2 Se Achieving Optimal Optoelectric Properties. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200347. [PMID: 35676223 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air-stable 2D Bi2 O2 Se material with high carrier mobility appears as a promising semiconductor platform for future micro/nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Like most 2D materials, Bi2 O2 Se 2D nanostructures normally form on atomically flat mica substrates, in which undesirable defects and structural damage from the subsequent transfer process will largely degrade their photoelectronic performance. Here, a new synthesis route involving successive kinetic and thermodynamic processes is proposed to achieve horizontally self-standing Bi2 O2 Se nanostructures on SiO2 /Si substrates. Fewer defects and avoidance of transfer procedure involving corrosive solvents ensure the integrity of the intrinsic lattice and band structures in Bi2 O2 Se nanostructures. In contrast to flat structures grown on mica, it displays reduced dark current and improved photoresponse performance (on-off ratio, photoresponsivity, response time, and detectivity). These results indicate a new potential in high-quality 2D electronic nanostructures with optimal optoelectronic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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25
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Rahman S, Lu Y. Nano-engineering and nano-manufacturing in 2D materials: marvels of nanotechnology. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:849-872. [PMID: 35758316 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00226d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have attracted significant interest and investigation since the marvellous discovery of graphene. Due to their unique physical, mechanical and optical properties, van der Waals (vdW) materials possess extraordinary potential for application in future optoelectronics devices. Nano-engineering and nano-manufacturing in the atomically thin regime has further opened multifarious avenues to explore novel physical properties. Among them, moiré heterostructures, strain engineering and substrate manipulation have created numerous exotic and topological phenomena such as unconventional superconductivity, orbital magnetism, flexible nanoelectronics and highly efficient photovoltaics. This review comprehensively summarizes the three most influential techniques of nano-engineering in 2D materials. The latest development in the marvels of moiré structures in vdW materials is discussed; in addition, topological structures in layered materials and substrate engineering on the nanoscale are thoroughly scrutinized to highlight their significance in micro- and nano-devices. Finally, we conclude with remarks on challenges and possible future directions in the rapidly expanding field of nanotechnology and nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharidya Rahman
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
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26
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Pesquera D, Fernández A, Khestanova E, Martin LW. Freestanding complex-oxide membranes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:383001. [PMID: 35779514 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7dd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxides show a vast range of functional responses, unparalleled within the inorganic solids realm, making them promising materials for applications as varied as next-generation field-effect transistors, spintronic devices, electro-optic modulators, pyroelectric detectors, or oxygen reduction catalysts. Their stability in ambient conditions, chemical versatility, and large susceptibility to minute structural and electronic modifications make them ideal subjects of study to discover emergent phenomena and to generate novel functionalities for next-generation devices. Recent advances in the synthesis of single-crystal, freestanding complex oxide membranes provide an unprecedented opportunity to study these materials in a nearly-ideal system (e.g. free of mechanical/thermal interaction with substrates) as well as expanding the range of tools for tweaking their order parameters (i.e. (anti-)ferromagnetic, (anti-)ferroelectric, ferroelastic), and increasing the possibility of achieving novel heterointegration approaches (including interfacing dissimilar materials) by avoiding the chemical, structural, or thermal constraints in synthesis processes. Here, we review the recent developments in the fabrication and characterization of complex-oxide membranes and discuss their potential for unraveling novel physicochemical phenomena at the nanoscale and for further exploiting their functionalities in technologically relevant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pesquera
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Abel Fernández
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | | | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
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27
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Narute P, Sharbidre RS, Lee CJ, Park BC, Jung HJ, Kim JH, Hong SG. Structural Integrity Preserving and Residue-Free Transfer of Large-Area Wrinkled Graphene onto Polymeric Substrates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9871-9882. [PMID: 35666252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkled graphene offers many advantageous features resulting from modifying the structural and physical properties as well as the chemical reactivity of graphene. However, its inadequate transferability to other substrates has limited its usability. This paper reports a roll-based clean transfer approach that enables the damage-free and contamination-free transfer of large-area wrinkled graphene onto polymeric substrates without compromising the integrity of wrinkle structures. The method implements the simultaneous imidazole-assisted etching and doping of chemical vapor-deposited graphene to fabricate multilayer graphene on a thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) substrate coated with a water-soluble poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) sacrificial layer via a roll-based transfer process. The compliant PSS layer affords the conformal contact between the PS substrate and graphene during the wrinkle formation process, enabling the controllable fabrication of graphene wrinkle structures on a large area. The water-soluble properties of PSS simplify the typically difficult separation of wrinkled graphene from the PS substrate after its transfer onto a target substrate. This improves the transferability of wrinkled graphene, rendering the transfer process solvent-free and residue-free. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the formulated method by transferring centimeter-scale wrinkled graphene onto currently used transparent flexible substrates (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate and polydimethylsiloxane). The results indicate that the transferred wrinkled graphene possesses the desirable combination of superior stretchability, optical transmittance, sheet resistance, and electromechanical stability, rendering its suitable application to transparent flexible and stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Narute
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh S Sharbidre
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chon Park
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-June Jung
- Center for Advanced Meta-Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Hong
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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28
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Dong M, Sun Y, Dunstan DJ, Papageorgiou DG. Utilising buckling modes for the determination of the anisotropic mechanical properties of As 2S 3 nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7872-7880. [PMID: 35583451 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00867j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties and interfacial behaviour of two-dimensional (2D) materials are crucial for their use in a number of technological applications. In this paper, two buckling modes, wrinkling and buckling delamination, were used to characterize the mechanics of As2S3 nanosheets. The plane-strain moduli of As2S3 nanosheets along the armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) directions were determined via periodic wrinkles to be 16.7 ± 0.5 GPa and 51.5 ± 1.9 GPa, respectively. This is one of the largest reported anisotropies of in-plane mechanical properties among 2D materials. Using the delaminated buckles, the adhesion energy of few-layer As2S3 nanosheets on silicon and polymer (polymethyl methacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane) substrates was determined to be 0.110 ± 0.006 and 0.022 ± 0.002 J m-2, respectively. A buckling mode map for As2S3 nanosheets on different substrates is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yiwei Sun
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - David J Dunstan
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Dimitrios G Papageorgiou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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29
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Liu A, Yao Y, Yao J, Liu T. Droplet Spreading Induced Wrinkling and Its Use for Measuring the Elastic Modulus of Polymeric Thin Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aishuang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
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30
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Bao L, Huang L, Guo H, Gao HJ. Construction and physical properties of low-dimensional structures for nanoscale electronic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9082-9117. [PMID: 35383791 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, construction of nanoscale electronic devices with novel functionalities based on low-dimensional structures, such as single molecules and two-dimensional (2D) materials, has been rapidly developed. To investigate their intrinsic properties for versatile functionalities of nanoscale electronic devices, it is crucial to precisely control the structures and understand the physical properties of low-dimensional structures at the single atomic level. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the construction of nanoelectronic devices based on single molecules and 2D materials and the investigation of their physical properties. For single molecules, we focus on the construction of single-molecule devices, such as molecular motors and molecular switches, by precisely controlling their self-assembled structures on metal substrates and charge transport properties. For 2D materials, we emphasize their spin-related electrical transport properties for spintronic device applications and the role that interfaces among 2D semiconductors, contact electrodes, and dielectric substrates play in the electrical performance of electronic, optoelectronic, and memory devices. Finally, we discuss the future research direction in this field, where we can expect a scientific breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Bao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
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31
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Zeng X, Zhu BB, Qiu W, Li WL, Zheng XH, Xu B. A review of the preparation and applications of wrinkled graphene oxide. NEW CARBON MATERIALS 2022; 37:290-302. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-5805(22)60594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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32
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Lei Z, Guo B. 2D Material-Based Optical Biosensor: Status and Prospect. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102924. [PMID: 34898053 PMCID: PMC8811838 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of 2D materials and optical biosensors has become a hot research topic in recent years. Graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and other 2D materials (metal oxides and degenerate semiconductors) have unique optical properties and play a unique role in the detection of different biomolecules. Through the modification of 2D materials, optical biosensor has the advantages that traditional sensors (such as electrical sensing) do not have, and the sensitivity and detection limit are greatly improved. Here, optical biosensors based on different 2D materials are reviewed. First, various detection methods of biomolecules, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and evanescent wave and properties, preparation and integration strategies of 2D material, are introduced in detail. Second, various biosensors based on 2D materials are summarized. Furthermore, the applications of these optical biosensors in biological imaging, food safety, pollution prevention/control, and biological medicine are discussed. Finally, the future development of optical biosensors is prospected. It is believed that with their in-depth research in the laboratory, optical biosensors will gradually become commercialized and improve people's quality of life in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong‐Lin Lei
- Key Lab of In‐Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education of ChinaHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Bo Guo
- Key Lab of In‐Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education of ChinaHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
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33
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Staros D, Hu G, Tiihonen J, Nanguneri R, Krogel J, Bennett MC, Heinonen O, Ganesh P, Rubenstein B. A combined first principles study of the structural, magnetic, and phonon properties of monolayer CrI 3. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:014707. [PMID: 34998345 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first magnetic 2D material discovered, monolayer (ML) CrI3, is particularly fascinating due to its ground state ferromagnetism. However, because ML materials are difficult to probe experimentally, much remains unresolved about ML CrI3's structural, electronic, and magnetic properties. Here, we leverage Density Functional Theory (DFT) and high-accuracy Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) simulations to predict lattice parameters, magnetic moments, and spin-phonon and spin-lattice coupling of ML CrI3. We exploit a recently developed surrogate Hessian DMC line search technique to determine CrI3's ML geometry with DMC accuracy, yielding lattice parameters in good agreement with recently published STM measurements-an accomplishment given the ∼10% variability in previous DFT-derived estimates depending upon the functional. Strikingly, we find that previous DFT predictions of ML CrI3's magnetic spin moments are correct on average across a unit cell but miss critical local spatial fluctuations in the spin density revealed by more accurate DMC. DMC predicts that magnetic moments in ML CrI3 are 3.62 μB per chromium and -0.145 μB per iodine, both larger than previous DFT predictions. The large disparate moments together with the large spin-orbit coupling of CrI3's I-p orbital suggest a ligand superexchange-dominated magnetic anisotropy in ML CrI3, corroborating recent observations of magnons in its 2D limit. We also find that ML CrI3 exhibits a substantial spin-phonon coupling of ∼3.32 cm-1. Our work, thus, establishes many of ML CrI3's key properties, while also continuing to demonstrate the pivotal role that DMC can assume in the study of magnetic and other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Staros
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Guoxiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
| | - Juha Tiihonen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Ravindra Nanguneri
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Jaron Krogel
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Chandler Bennett
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Olle Heinonen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Brenda Rubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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34
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Jeong JH, Kang S, Kim N, Joshi RK, Lee GH. Recent trends in covalent functionalization of 2D materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10684-10711. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of the surface is more crucial in 2D materials than in conventional bulk materials because of their atomic thinness, large surface-to-volume ratio, and uniform surface chemical potential. Because...
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35
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Pu M, Guo Y, Guo W. Wrinkle facilitated hydrogen evolution reaction of vacancy-defected transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20576-20582. [PMID: 34874043 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06417g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as catalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising prospect for hydrogen production. Here, by first-principles calculations we reveal that the catalytic activities of vacancy-defected TMD MX2 (M = Mo or W and X = S, Se or Te) monolayers for the HER can be significantly improved by wrinkle engineering. The hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energies of defected TMDs decrease with decreasing wrinkle length. By appropriately controlling and adjusting the wrinkle size and vacancy number, the hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy will be close to zero, allowing the wrinkled TMDs to reach their optimum catalytic capability. The improvement of the catalytic activity of TMDs is mainly attributed to the charge transfer and polarization enhancement of metal atoms at the vacancy sites, which are caused by the coupling effect of vacancy defects and wrinkling deformation induced flexoelectricity. These results provide an attractive route for the application of TMDs in hydrogen production by combining wrinkle engineering and defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Yufeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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Wu W, Li D, Xu Y, Zeng XC. Two-Dimensional GeC 2 with Tunable Electronic and Carrier Transport Properties and a High Current ON/OFF Ratio. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11488-11496. [PMID: 34793176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present that 2D tetrahex-GeC2 materials possess novel electronic and carrier transport properties based on density functional theory computations combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. We show that under the 4% (-4%) in-plane expansion (compression) along the a-direction (b-direction) of the tetrahex-GeC2 monolayer, the bandgap can be enlarged to a desirable 1.26 eV (1.32 eV), close to that of silicon. The carrier transport properties of both the sub-10 nm tetrahex-GeC2 monolayer and the bilayer show strong anisotropy within the bias from -1 to 1 V. The current ON (a-direction)/OFF (b-direction) ratio amounts to 105 for the tetrahex-GeC2 monolayer. A striking negative differential conductance arises with the maximum Ipeak/Ivalley on the order of 104 under the 4% uniaxial expansion along the b-direction of the tetrahex-GeC2 monolayer. Overall, the 2D tetrahex-GeC2 monolayer and bilayer possess highly tunable electronic and carrier transport properties under uniaxial strain, which can be exploited for potential applications in nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wu
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu China
| | - Dongze Li
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Hwang MT, Park I, Heiranian M, Taqieddin A, You S, Faramarzi V, Pak AA, van der Zande AM, Aluru NR, Bashir R. Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine, IL-6 and SARS-CoV-2 Proteins on Crumpled Graphene FET Biosensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2100712. [PMID: 34901384 PMCID: PMC8646936 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Universal platforms for biomolecular analysis using label-free sensing modalities can address important diagnostic challenges. Electrical field effect-sensors are an important class of devices that can enable point-of-care sensing by probing the charge in the biological entities. Use of crumpled graphene for this application is especially promising. It is previously reported that the limit of detection (LoD) on electrical field effect-based sensors using DNA molecules on the crumpled graphene FET (field-effect transistor) platform. Here, the crumpled graphene FET-based biosensing of important biomarkers including small molecules and proteins is reported. The performance of devices is systematically evaluated and optimized by studying the effect of the crumpling ratio on electrical double layer (EDL) formation and bandgap opening on the graphene. It is also shown that a small and electroneutral molecule dopamine can be captured by an aptamer and its conformation change induced electrical signal changes. Three kinds of proteins were captured with specific antibodies including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and two viral proteins. All tested biomarkers are detectable with the highest sensitivity reported on the electrical platform. Significantly, two COVID-19 related proteins, nucleocapsid (N-) and spike (S-) proteins antigens are successfully detected with extremely low LoDs. This electrical antigen tests can contribute to the challenge of rapid, point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taeyoung Hwang
- Department of BioNano TechnologyGachon University1342 Seongnam‐Daero, Sujeong‐GuSeongnamGyeonggi13120Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Mohammad Heiranian
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Seungyong You
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Vahid Faramarzi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Angela A. Pak
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Arend M. van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Narayana R. Aluru
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical EngineeringOden Institute for Computational Engineering and SciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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Cordella G, Tripodo A, Puosi F, Pisignano D, Leporini D. Nanoscale Elastoplastic Wrinkling of Ultrathin Molecular Films. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11732. [PMID: 34769167 PMCID: PMC8583903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin molecular films deposited on a substrate are ubiquitously used in electronics, photonics, and additive manufacturing methods. The nanoscale surface instability of these systems under uniaxial compression is investigated here by molecular dynamics simulations. We focus on deviations from the homogeneous macroscopic behavior due to the discrete, disordered nature of the deformed system, which might have critical importance for applications. The instability, which develops in the elastoplastic regime above a finite critical strain, leads to the growth of unidimensional wrinkling up to strains as large as 0.5. We highlight both the dominant wavelength and the amplitude of the wavy structure. The wavelength is found to scale geometrically with the film length, λ∝L, up to a compressive strain of ε≃0.4 at least, depending on the film length. The onset and growth of the wrinkling under small compression are quite well described by an extended version of the familiar square-root law in the strain ε observed in macroscopic systems. Under large compression (ε≳0.25), we find that the wrinkling amplitude increases while leaving the cross section nearly constant, offering a novel interpretation of the instability with a large amplitude. The contour length of the film topography is not constant under compression, which is in disagreement with the simple accordion model. These findings might be highly relevant for the design of novel and effective wrinkling and buckling patterns and architectures in flexible platforms for electronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Cordella
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (F.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Antonio Tripodo
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (F.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Francesco Puosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (F.P.); (D.P.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (F.P.); (D.P.)
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dino Leporini
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (F.P.); (D.P.)
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Chen K, Deng S, Chen E, Wen S, Ouyang T, Wang X, Zhan R, Cai J, Wan X, Chen H. Optimization Strategies for High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of Monolayer Chemical Vapor Deposition Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44814-44823. [PMID: 34494826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising method to obtain monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with high quality and enough size to meet the requirements of practical photoelectric devices. However, the as-grown monolayers often exhibit a lower PL performance due to the stress between the as-grown TMDCs flakes and the substrate. Therefore, finding a facile method to effectively promote the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of CVD monolayer TMDCs with a clean surface is highly desirable for practical applications. In this work, based on the CVD monolayers MoS2 and MoSe2, the effect of various stress relaxation methods on the TMDCs PL enhancement is systemically studied. By comparing the different kinds of volatile solution treatment processes, as well as the traditional transfer process, it can be found that the volatile solution with a moderate volatilization rate such as ethanol or IPA is a preferred option to improve the PL performance of the CVD monolayer TMDCs, which also surpasses the traditional transfer method by avoiding wrinkles, defects, and contamination to the samples. PL QY of ethanol-treated CVD samples could increase by 6 times on average. Significantly, PL QY of CVD MoSe2 treated by ethanol can reach ∼16%, which is at the forefront of the previous reports of 2D MoSe2. Our study demonstrated an optimized method to enhance the PL QY of CVD monolayer TMDCs, which would facilitate TMDCs optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shiyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Enzi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shiya Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tenghui Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ximiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Runze Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jixing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xi Wan
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Yildiz G, Bolton-Warberg M, Awaja F. Graphene and graphene oxide for bio-sensing: General properties and the effects of graphene ripples. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:62-79. [PMID: 34237423 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of Graphene based materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), in biosensing applications is gaining significant interest, due to high signal output, with strong potential for high industrial growth rate. Graphene's excellent conduction and mechanical properties (such as toughness and elasticity) coupled with high reactivity to chemical molecules are some of its appealing properties. The presence of ripples on the surface (whether indigenous or induced) represents another property/variable that provide enormous potential if harnessed properly. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the use of graphene for biosensing. We discuss briefly the general topic of using graphene for biosensing applications with special emphasis on wearable graphene-based biosensors. The intrinsic ripples of graphene and their effect on graphene biosensing capabilities are thoroughly discussed. We dedicate a section also for the manipulation of intrinsic ripples. Then we review the use of Graphene oxide (GO) in biosensing and discuss the effect of ripples on its properties. We present a review of the current biosensor devices made out of GO for detection of different molecular targets. Finally, we present some thoughts for future perspectives and opportunities of this field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biosensors are tools that detect the presence and amount of a chemical substance, such as pregnancy tests and glucose monitoring devices. They are general portable, have short response times and are sensitive, making them highly effective. Gold and silver are used in biosensors and more recently, graphene. Graphene is sheets of carbon atoms and is the only two-dimensional crystal in nature. It has unique features allowing its effective use in biosensing applications, including the presence of ripples (non-flat areas that give it its electronic properties). The last comprehensive review of this topic was published in 2016. This paper reviews the current knowledge of graphene based biosensors, with a focus on ripples and their effect on graphene biosensing capabilities.
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42
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Kang Y, Liu J, Jiang Y, Yin S, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Wu J, Chen L, Shao L. Understanding the interactions between inorganic-based nanomaterials and biological membranes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113820. [PMID: 34087327 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between inorganic-based nanomaterials (NMs) and biological membranes are among the most important phenomena for developing NM-based therapeutics and resolving nanotoxicology. Herein, we introduce the structural and functional effects of inorganic-based NMs on biological membranes, mainly the plasma membrane and the endomembrane system, with an emphasis on the interface, which involves highly complex networks between NMs and biomolecules (such as membrane proteins and lipids). Significant efforts have been devoted to categorizing and analyzing the interaction mechanisms in terms of the physicochemical characteristics and biological effects of NMs, which can directly or indirectly influence the effects of NMs on membranes. Importantly, we summarize that the biological membranes act as platforms and thereby mediate NMs-immune system contacts. In this overview, the existing challenges and potential applications in the areas are addressed. A strong understanding of the discussed concepts will promote therapeutic NM designs for drug delivery systems by leveraging the NMs-membrane interactions and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Kang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Suhan Yin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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43
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Liao Y, Li Z, Ghazanfari S, Croll AB, Xia W. Understanding the Role of Self-Adhesion in Crumpling Behaviors of Sheet Macromolecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8627-8637. [PMID: 34227388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the crumpling behavior of two-dimensional (2D) macromolecular sheet materials is of fundamental importance in engineering and technological applications. Among the various properties of these sheets, interfacial adhesion critically contributes to the formation of crumpled structures. Here, we present a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulation study to explore the fundamental role of self-adhesion in the crumpling behaviors of macromolecular sheets having varying masses or sizes. By evaluating the potential energy evolution, our results show that the self-adhesion plays a dominant role in the crumpling behavior of the sheets compared to in-plane and out-of-plane stiffnesses. The macromolecular sheets with higher adhesion tend to form a self-folding planar structure at the quasi-equilibrium state of the crumpling and exhibit a lower packing efficiency as evaluated by the fractal dimension of the system. Notably, during the crumpling process, both the radius of gyration Rg and the hydrodynamic radius Rh of the macromolecular sheet can be quantitatively described by the power-law scaling relationships associated with adhesion. The evaluation of the shape descriptors indicates that the overall crumpling behavior of macromolecular sheets can be characterized by three regimes, i.e., the less bent, intermediate, and highly crumpled regimes, dominated by edge-bending, self-adhesion, and further compression, respectively. The internal structural analysis further reveals that the sheet transforms from the initially ordered state to the disordered glassy state upon crumpling, which can be facilitated by greater self-adhesion. Our study provides fundamental insights into the adhesion-dependent structural behavior of macromolecular sheets under crumpling, which is essential for establishing the structure-processing-property relationships for crumpled macromolecular sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchao Liao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Zhaofan Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sarah Ghazanfari
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Andrew B Croll
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1211 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Tripathi M, Lee F, Michail A, Anestopoulos D, McHugh JG, Ogilvie SP, Large MJ, Graf AA, Lynch PJ, Parthenios J, Papagelis K, Roy S, Saadi MASR, Rahman MM, Pugno NM, King AAK, Ajayan PM, Dalton AB. Structural Defects Modulate Electronic and Nanomechanical Properties of 2D Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2520-2531. [PMID: 33492930 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials such as graphene and molybdenum disulfide are often subject to out-of-plane deformation, but its influence on electronic and nanomechanical properties remains poorly understood. These physical distortions modulate important properties which can be studied by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopic mapping. Herein, we have identified and investigated different geometries of line defects in graphene and molybdenum disulfide such as standing collapsed wrinkles, folded wrinkles, and grain boundaries that exhibit distinct strain and doping. In addition, we apply nanomechanical atomic force microscopy to determine the influence of these defects on local stiffness. For wrinkles of similar height, the stiffness of graphene was found to be higher than that of molybdenum disulfide by 10-15% due to stronger in-plane covalent bonding. Interestingly, deflated graphene nanobubbles exhibited entirely different characteristics from wrinkles and exhibit the lowest stiffness of all graphene defects. Density functional theory reveals alteration of the bandstructures of graphene and MoS2 due to the wrinkled structure; such modulation is higher in MoS2 compared to graphene. Using this approach, we can ascertain that wrinkles are subject to significant strain but minimal doping, while edges show significant doping and minimal strain. Furthermore, defects in graphene predominantly show compressive strain and increased carrier density. Defects in molybdenum disulfide predominantly show tensile strain and reduced carrier density, with increasing tensile strain minimizing doping across all defects in both materials. The present work provides critical fundamental insights into the electronic and nanomechanical influence of intrinsic structural defects at the nanoscale, which will be valuable in straintronic device engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Michail
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras GR26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Dimitris Anestopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - James G McHugh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sean P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Large
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Aline Amorim Graf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Lynch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - John Parthenios
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papagelis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR26504, Greece
- School of Physics, Department of Solid State Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - M A S R Saadi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Muhammad M Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nicola Maria Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Alice A K King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
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Bu Y, Ni S, Yobas L. Ordered surface crack patterns in situ formed under confinement on fluidic microchannel boundaries in polydimethylsiloxane. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:668-673. [PMID: 33514991 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present ordered surface crack patterns discovered in microfluidic channels/chambers in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The cracks are formed in situ under confinement due to compression applied following an oxygen plasma step in a soft lithography process. The crack patterns are noticeable only after fluorescent labeling and vary with fluidic layout as well as material compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China. and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
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46
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Thi QH, Wong LW, Liu H, Lee CS, Zhao J, Ly TH. Spontaneously Ordered Hierarchical Two-Dimensional Wrinkle Patterns in Two-Dimensional Materials. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8420-8425. [PMID: 33104360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving two-dimensionally (2D) ordered surface wrinkle patterns is still challenging not only for the atomic-thick 2D materials but also in general for all soft surfaces. Normally disordered 2D wrinkle patterns on isotropic surfaces can be rendered via biaxial straining. Here, we report that the 1D and 2D ordered wrinkle patterns in 2D materials can be produced by sequential wrinkling controlled by thermal straining and vertical spatial confinement. The various hierarchical patterns in 2D materials generated by our method are highly periodic, and the hexagonal crystal symmetry is obeyed. More interestingly, these patterns can be maintained in suspended monolayers after delamination from the underlying surfaces which shows the great application potentials. Our new approach can simplify the patterning processes on 2D layered materials and reduce the risk of damage compared to conventional lithography methods, and numerous engineering applications that require nanoscale ordered surface texturing could be empowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Huy Thi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lok Wing Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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47
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Hossain MA, Yu J, van der Zande AM. Realizing Optoelectronic Devices from Crumpled Two-Dimensional Material Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48910-48916. [PMID: 32975108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high in-plane stiffness and low flexural rigidity, two-dimensional (2D) materials are excellent candidates for engineering three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures using crumpling. An important new direction is to integrate 2D materials into crumpled heterostructures, which can have much more complex device geometries. Here, we demonstrate phototransistors from crumpled 2D heterostructures formed from graphene contacts to a monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (MoS2, WSe2) channel and quantify the membrane morphology and optoelectronic performance. First, we examined the morphology of folds in the heterostructure and constituent monolayers under uniaxial compression. The 2D membranes relieve the stress by delaminating from the substrate and creating nearly periodic folds whose spacing depends on the membrane type. The matched mechanical stiffness of the constituting layers allows the 2D heterostructure to maintain a conformal interface through large deformations. Next, we examined the optoelectronic performance of a biaxially crumpled graphene-WSe2 phototransistor. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy shows that the optical band gap of WSe2 shifts by less than 2 meV between flat and 15% biaxial crumpling, corresponding to a change in strain of less than 0.05%. The photoresponsivity scaled as P-0.38 and reached 20 A/W under an illumination power density of 4 μW/cm2 at 20 V bias, a performance comparable to flat photosensors. Using photocurrent microscopy, we observe that the photoresponsivity increases by only 20% after crumpling. Both the PL and photoresponse confirm that crumpling and delamination prevent the buildup of compressive strain leading to highly deformed materials and devices with similar performance to their flat analogs. These results set a foundation for crumpled all-2D heterostructure devices and circuitry for flexible and stretchable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abir Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jaehyung Yu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Avenue MC-230, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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48
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Lee KH, Lee SH, Ruoff RS. Synthesis of Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofiber Films. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13663-13672. [PMID: 33052046 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A film formed of densely packed amorphous carbon nanofibers is synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using acetylene and hydrogen gases as precursors and copper nanoparticles (<25 nm in diameter) as the catalyst at low temperatures (220-300 °C). This film has a high concentration of sp3 carbon (sp3/sp2 carbon ratio of ∼1-1.9) with a hydrogen concentration of 25-44 atom %, which qualifies it as hydrogenated diamond-like carbon. This hydrogenated diamond-like carbon nanofiber film has properties akin to those of diamond-like carbon films. It has a high electrical resistivity (1.2 ± 0.1 × 106 Ω cm), a density of 2.5 ± 0.2 g cm-3, and is chemically inert. Because of its morphology, different from diamond-like carbon films on the nanometer scale, it has a higher surface area of 28 ± 0.7 m2 g-1 and has differences in mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, hardness, and coefficient of friction. The hydrophobicity of this film is comparable to the best diamond-like carbon films, and it is wettable by oil and organic solvents. The nanofibers can also be separated from the substrate and each other and be used in a powder form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Han Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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49
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Tanner DSP, Schulz S. Electronic and excitonic properties of ultrathin (In,Ga)N layers: the role of alloy and monolayer width fluctuations. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20258-20269. [PMID: 33026030 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an atomistic theoretical analysis of the electronic and excitonic properties of ultrathin, monolayer thick wurtzite (In,Ga)N embedded in GaN. Our microscopic investigation reveals that (i) alloy fluctuations within the monolayer lead to carrier localization effects that dominate the electronic and optical properties of these ultrathin systems and that (ii) excitonic binding energies in these structures exceed the thermal energy at room temperature, enabling excitonic effects to persist even at elevated temperatures. Our theoretical findings are consistent with, and provide an explanation for, literature experimental observations of (i) broad photoluminescence linewidth and (ii) excitonic effects contributing to the radiative recombination process at elevated temperatures. When accounting for small structural inhomogeneities, such as local thickness fluctuations of one monolayer, "indirect" excitons may be found, with electrons and holes independently localized in different spatial positions. This result also provides further arguments for experimentally observed effects such as (i) non-exponential decay curves in time dependent photoluminescence spectra and (ii) the "S"-shape temperature dependence of the photoluminescence peak energies. Overall, our results provide fundamental understanding, on an atomistic level, of the electronic and optical properties of ultrathin, quasi 2D (In,Ga)N monolayers embedded in GaN, and offer guidance for the tailoring of their properties for potential future device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S P Tanner
- Laboratoire SPMS, CNRS-Centrale Supelec, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland.
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50
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Miao J, Chen S, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Duan W. Highly tunable anisotropic co-deformation of black phosphorene superlattices. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19787-19796. [PMID: 32966512 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04781c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling mechanical deformation is one of the state-of-the-art approaches to tune the electronic properties of 2D materials. We report a new mechanism for tuning a phosphorene superlattice with intercalated amphiphiles by its strong anisotropic co-deformation. Anisotropic co-deformation of a phosphorene superlattice is found to follow tunable sinusoidal and Gaussian functions, which exhibit adjustable mechanical actuation, curvature and layer separations. We analysed the controlling mechanism and tuning strategy of co-deformation as a function of amphiphile assembly topology, van der Waals interactions, interlayer separation and global deformation based on Euler-beam theory. Our first-principles calculations demonstrate that the co-deformation mechanism can be used to achieve a theoretical bandgap tunability of 0.7 eV and a transition between direct and indirect bandgaps. The reported tuning mechanisms pave new ways for designing a wide range of tunable functional electronics, sensors and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Miao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia.
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