1
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Du X, Liu Z, Li Z, Yuan X, Li C, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Hu X, Guo K. Aminocyclopropenium as a novel hydrogen bonding organocatalyst for cycloaddition of carbon disulfide and epoxide to prepare cyclic dithiocarbonate. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10378-10389. [PMID: 38567344 PMCID: PMC10985464 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The smallest Hückel aromatic ring cyclopropenium substituted by electron-donating C-amino groups produced a aminocyclopropenium electron-rich cation. A bifunctional aminocyclopropenium halide catalyst installed with bis-(hydroxyethyl) functions on the amino group was then designed. A typical (diethanolamino)cyclopropenium halide catalyst C5·I was screened optimally for the cycloaddition of carbon disulfide into an epoxide to produce cyclic dithiocarbonate with an excellent conversion (95%) and high selectivity (92%). The electrostatic enhancement of alkyl C-H HBD capability was implemented via vicinal positive charges on the cyclopropenium core, and the acidity of the terminal O-H hydrogen proton increased by intramolecular H-bonding between the two hydroxy groups on the diethanolamino group (O-H⋯O-H). Then, a hybrid H-bond donor comprising enhanced alkyl C-H and hydroxy O-H was formed. The hybrid HBD offered by aminocyclopropenium was vital in activating the epoxide and stabilizing the intermediate, resulting in reduced O/S scrambling. Moreover, weakly coordinated iodide anion served as a nucleophilic reagent to open the ring of the epoxide. The cooperative catalytic mechanism of the HBD cation and halide anion was supported by NMR titrations and control experiments. Eleven epoxides with various substituents were converted into the corresponding cyclic thiocarbonate with high conversion and selectivity under mild conditions (25 °C, 6 h) without a solvent. The cycloaddition of carbon disulfide with epoxides catalyzed by aminocyclopropenium developed a new working model for hydrogen bonding organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Chunyu Li
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
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2
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Ren F, Xian J, Jia Z, Chen Z, Fu H, Wang R, Chu WD, Pan X, Wu J. Tetrabutylammonium Halides as Selectively Bifunctional Catalysts Enabling the Syntheses of Recyclable High Molecular Weight Salicylic Acid-Based Copolyesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306759. [PMID: 37710396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
To synthesize high molecular weight poly(phenolic ester) via a living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic phenolic ester monomers remains a critical challenge due to serious transesterification and back-biting reactions. Both phenolic ester bonds in monomer and polymer chains are highly active, and it is difficult so far to distinguish them. In this work, an unprecedented selectively bifunctional catalytic system of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBACl) was discovered to mediate the syntheses of high molecular weight salicylic acid-based copolyesters via a living ROP of salicylate cyclic esters (for poly(salicylic methyl glycolide) (PSMG), Mn =361.8 kg/mol, Ð<1.30). Compared to previous catalysis systems, the side reactions were suppressed remarkably in this catalysis system because phenolic ester bond in monomer can be selectively cleaved over that in polymer chains during ROP progress. Mechanistic studies reveal that the halide anion and alkyl-quaternaryammonium cation work synergistically, where the alkyl-quaternaryammonium cation moiety interacts with the carbonyl group of substrates via non-classical hydrogen bonding. Moreover, these salicylic acid-based copolyesters can be recycled to dimeric monomer under solution condition, and can be recycled to original monomeric monomers without catalyst under sublimation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ji Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaowei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhichun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongjun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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3
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Xu J, Zhang P, Yuan Y, Hadjichristidis N. Elucidation of the Alternating Copolymerization Mechanism of Epoxides or Aziridines with Cyclic Anhydrides in the Presence of Halide Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218891. [PMID: 36734167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic halide salts in combination with metal or organic compound are the most common and essential catalysts in ring-opening copolymerizations (ROCOP). However, the role of organic halide salts was neglected. Here, we have uncovered the complex behavior of organic halides in ROCOP of epoxides or aziridine with cyclic anhydride. Coordination of the chain-ends to cations, electron-withdrawing effect, leaving ability of halide atoms, chain-end basicity/nucleophilicity, and terminal steric hindrance cause three types of side reactions: single-site transesterification, substitution, and elimination. Understanding the complex functions of organic halide salts in ROCOP led us to develop highly active and selective aminocyclopropenium chlorides as catalysts/initiators. Adjustable H-bonding interactions of aminocyclopropenium with propagating anions and epoxides create chain-end coordination process that generate highly reactive carboxylate and highly selective alkoxide chain-ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youyou Yuan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Nanocellulose-based ammonia sensitive smart colorimetric hydrogels integrated with anthocyanins to monitor pork freshness. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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5
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Muñoz Sánchez GM, Zdilla MJ. Crystal structure of N-butyl-2,3-bis(dicyclohexylamino)cyclopropeniminium chloride benzene monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:936-941. [PMID: 36072514 PMCID: PMC9443799 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022008076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the acid chloride salt of the superbase N-butyl-2,3-bis(dicyclohexylamino)cyclopropenimine is reported. N-Butyl-2,3-bis(dicyclohexylamino)cyclopropenimine (1) crystallizes from benzene and hexanes in the presence of HCl as a monobenzene solvate of the hydrochloride salt, [1H]Cl·C6H6 or C31H54N3+·Cl−·C6H6, in the P21/n space group. The protonation of 1 results in the generation of an aromatic structure based upon the delocalization of the cyclopropene double bond around the cyclopropene ring, giving three intermediate C—C bond lengths of ∼1.41 Å, and the delocalization of the imine-type C—N double bond, giving three intermediate C—N bond lengths of ∼1.32 Å. Ion–ion and ion–benzene packing interactions are described and illustrated.
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Curnow OJ, Senthooran R. Highly-fluorinated Triaminocyclopropenium Ionic Liquids. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200139. [PMID: 35239986 PMCID: PMC9314049 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly‐fluorinated triaminocyclopropenium salts, with up to six fluorous groups, were prepared and their properties as ionic liquids investigated. Reaction of pentachlorocyclopropane or tetrachlorocyclopropene with bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)amine, HN(CH2CF3)2, occurs in the presence of a trialkylamine, NR3, to give cations with two fluorinated amino groups, [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)2(NR2)]+ (R=Et, Pr, Bu, Hex), with traces of [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)3]+. Use of appropriate reagent ratios and reaction times and subsequent addition of a dialkylamine, HNR'R”, gives cations with one fluorinated amino group, [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)(NR2)(NR'R”)]+ ((NR2)(NR'R”)=(NBu2)2, (NEt2)(NPr2), (NBu2)(NBuMe)). These cations were isolated as chloride salts and some of these were converted to bistriflamide, dicyanamide and triflate salts to provide ionic liquids. These salts were characterised by thermal (DSC and TGA) measurements and miscibility/solubility properties (determined in a range of solvents). Ionic liquids (ILs) were also characterised by density, viscosity and conductivity measurements where possible. X‐ray diffraction studies of chloride salts showed the formation of fluorous regions and more hydrophilic ionic regions in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen John Curnow
- University of Canterbury, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag 4800, 8002, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND
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7
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Xu J, Wang X, Liu J, Feng X, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Ionic H-bonding organocatalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and cyclic carbonates. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Smajlagic I, White B, Azeez O, Pilkington M, Dudding T. Organocatalysis Linked to Charge-Enhanced Acidity with Superelectrophilic Traits. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivor Smajlagic
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brandon White
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Oyindamola Azeez
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Canada
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Xu J, Xian A, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Yan R, Gao L, Liu B, Zhao L, Guo K. A Strained Ion Pair Permits Carbon Dioxide Fixation at Atmospheric Pressure by C-H H-Bonding Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3422-3432. [PMID: 33512164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cycloadditions of carbon dioxide into epoxides to afford cyclic carbonates by H-bond donor (HBD) and onium halide (X) cocatalysis have emerged as a key strategy for CO2 fixation. However, if the HBD is also a halide receptor, the two will quench each other, decreasing the catalytic activity. Here, we propose a strained ion pair tris(alkylamino)cyclopropenium halide (TAC·X), in which TAC repels X. TAC possesses a positively charged cyclopropenium core that makes the vicinal C-H or N-H a nonclassical HBD. The interionic strain within TAC·X makes TAC a more electrophilic HBD, allowing it to activate the oxygen of the epoxide and making X more nucleophilic and better able to attack the methylene carbon of the epoxide. NMR titration spectra and computational studies were employed to probe the mechanism of the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides reactions under the catalysis of TAC·X. The 1H and 13C{1H}NMR titration spectra of the catalyst with the epoxide substrate unambiguously confirmed H-bonding between TAC and the epoxide. DFT computational studies identified the transition states in the ring-opening of the epoxide (TS1) and in the ring-closure of the cyclic carbonate (TS2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Anmei Xian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Rui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Luoyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
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11
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Litterscheidt J, Bandar JS, Ebert M, Forschner R, Bader K, Lambert TH, Frey W, Bühlmeyer A, Brändle M, Schulz F, Laschat S. Self-Assembly of Aminocyclopropenium Salts: En Route to Deltic Ionic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10557-10565. [PMID: 32119178 PMCID: PMC7317216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aminocyclopropenium ions have raised much attention as organocatalysts and redox active polymers. However, the self-assembly of amphiphilic aminocyclopropenium ions remains challenging. The first deltic ionic liquid crystals based on aminocyclopropenium ions have been developed. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction provided insight into the unique self-assembly and nanosegregation of these liquid crystals. While the combination of small headgroups with linear p-alkoxyphenyl units led to bilayer-type smectic mesophases, wedge-shaped units resulted in columnar mesophases. Upon increasing the size and polyphilicity of the aminocyclopropenium headgroup, a lamellar phase was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Litterscheidt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Max Ebert
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCornell University122 Baker LaboratoryIttacaNY14853USA
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Marcus Brändle
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
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12
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Litterscheidt J, Bandar JS, Ebert M, Forschner R, Bader K, Lambert TH, Frey W, Bühlmeyer A, Brändle M, Schulz F, Laschat S. Self‐Assembly of Aminocyclopropenium Salts: En Route to Deltic Ionic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Litterscheidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Max Ebert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Cornell University 122 Baker Laboratory Ittaca NY 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marcus Brändle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Zhang L, Zhou F, Li Z, Liu B, Yan R, Li J, Hu Y, Zhang C, Luo Z, Guo K. Tunable hydantoin and base binary organocatalysts in ring-opening polymerizations. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A (thio)hydantoin (HHyd) was deprotonated by a Brønsted base (B) to afford iminolate Hyd1 or Hyd3 that activated polymer chain-end (P), the conjugate acid (B–H+) activated monomer (M).
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Abel BA, Lidston CAL, Coates GW. Mechanism-Inspired Design of Bifunctional Catalysts for the Alternating Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12760-12769. [PMID: 31380637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in catalysis have enabled the ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides to afford structurally and functionally diverse polyesters with controlled molecular weights and dispersities. However, the most common systems employ binary catalyst/cocatalyst pairs which suffer from slow polymerization rates at low loadings. Inspired by new mechanistic insight into the function of binary metal salen/nucleophilic cocatalyst systems at low concentrations, we report a bifunctional complex in which the salen catalyst and an aminocyclopropenium cocatalyst are covalently tethered. A modular ligand design circumvents the extended linear syntheses typical of bifunctional catalysts, enabling systematic variation to understand and enhance catalytic activity. The optimized bifunctional aluminum salen catalyst maintains excellent activity for the ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides at low concentrations (≥0.025 mol %), and the aminocyclopropenium cocatalyst suppresses undesirable transesterification and epimerization side reactions, preserving the integrity of the polymer backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks A Abel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Claire A L Lidston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
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Tian G, Liu W, Chen L, Wu G, Chen S, Wang Y. Thiazolium as Single‐Group Bifunctional Catalyst for Selectively Bulk Melt ROP of Cyclic Esters. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Qiang Tian
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE) State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE) State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE) State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE) State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Si‐Chong Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE) State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE) State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
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Wei F, Zhu H, Li Z, Wang H, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Yao Z, Luo Z, Zhang C, Guo K. Food Sweetener Saccharin in Binary Organocatalyst for Bulk Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulan Wei
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Zikun Luo
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
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