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Bai X, Tian Z, Dong H, Xia N, Zhao J, Sun P, Gong G, Wang J, Wang L, Li H, Chen S. Halogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋅⋅⋅Br +⋅⋅⋅N Bonds: Robust Organic Networks Constructed by Fragile Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408428. [PMID: 38847190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic frameworks face a trade-off between the framework stability and the bond dynamics, which necessitates the development of innovative linkages that can generate stable frameworks without hindering efficient synthesis. Although iodine(I)-based halogen-bonded organic frameworks (XOFs) have been developed, constructing XOFs based on bromine(I) is desirable yet challenging due to the high sensitivity of bromine(I) species. In this work, we present the inaugural construction of stable bromine(I)-bridged two-dimensional (2D) halogen-bonded organic frameworks, XOF(Br)-TPy-BF4/OTf, based on sensitive [N⋅⋅⋅Br⋅⋅⋅N]+ halogen bonds. The formation of XOF(Br)-TPy-BF4/OTf was monitored by 1H NMR, XPS, IR, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, SEAD. Their framework structures were established by the results from PXRD, theoretical simulations and SAXS. More importantly, XOF(Br) displayed excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. They exhibited stable two-dimensional framework structures in various organic solvents and aqueous media, even over a wide pH range (pH 3-12), while the corresponding model compounds BrPy2BF4/OTf decomposed quickly even in the presence of minimal water. Furthermore, the influence of the counterions were investigated by replacing BF4 with OTf, which improved the stability of XOF(Br). This characteristic enabled XOF(Br) to serve as an efficient oxidizing reagent in aqueous environments, in contrast with the sensitivity of BrPy2BF4/OTf, which performed well only in organic media. This study not only deepens our fundamental understanding of organic frameworks but also opens new avenues for the development and application of multifunctional XOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguan Bai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Zhennan Tian
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hongqiang Dong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ning Xia
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, 442002, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Penghao Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Guanfei Gong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jike Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Haohu Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shigui Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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2
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Zimnicka MM. Structural studies of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by ion mobility mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:526-559. [PMID: 37260128 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in instrumentation and development of computational strategies for ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) studies have contributed to an extensive growth in the application of this analytical technique to comprehensive structural description of supramolecular systems. Apart from the benefits of IM-MS for interrogation of intrinsic properties of noncovalent aggregates in the experimental gas-phase environment, its merits for the description of native structural aspects, under the premises of having maintained the noncovalent interactions innate upon the ionization process, have attracted even more attention and gained increasing interest in the scientific community. Thus, various types of supramolecular complexes and assemblies relevant for biological, medical, material, and environmental sciences have been characterized so far by IM-MS supported by computational chemistry. This review covers the state-of-the-art in this field and discusses experimental methods and accompanying computational approaches for assessing the reliable three-dimensional structural elucidation of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Zimnicka
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Wieske LE, Erdelyi M. Halogen Bonds of Halogen(I) Ions─Where Are We and Where to Go? J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3-18. [PMID: 38117016 PMCID: PMC10785816 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Halenium ions, X+, are particularly strong halogen-bond donors that interact with two Lewis bases simultaneously to form linear [D···X···D]+-type halonium complexes. Their three-center, four-electron halogen bond is both fundamentally interesting and technologically valuable as it tames the reactivity of halogen(I) ions, opening up new horizons in a variety of fields including synthetic organic and supramolecular chemistry. Understanding this bonding situation enables the development of improved halogen(I) transfer reactions and of advanced functional materials. Following a decade of investigations of basic principles, the range of applications is now rapidly widening. In this Perspective, we assess the status of the field and identify its key advances and the main bottlenecks. Clearing common misunderstandings that may hinder future progress, we aim to inspire and direct future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne
H. E. Wieske
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Stares DL, Szumna A, Schalley CA. Encapsulation in Charged Droplets Generates Distorted Host-Guest Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302112. [PMID: 37724745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of various hydrogen-bonded resorcinarene-based capsules to bind α,ω-alkylbisDABCOnium (DnD) guests of different lengths was investigated in solution and in the gas-phase. While no host-guest interactions were detected in solution, encapsulation could be achieved in the charged droplets formed during electrospray ionisation (ESI). This included guests, which are far too long in their most stable conformation to fit inside the cavity of the capsules. A combination of three mass spectrometric techniques, namely, collision-induced dissociation, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and ion-mobility mass spectrometry, together with computational modelling allow us to determine the binding mode of the DnD guests inside the cavity of the capsules. Significant distortions of the guest into horseshoe-like arrangements are required to optimise cation-π interactions with the host, which also adopt distorted geometries with partially open hydrogen-bonding seams when binding longer guests. Such quasi "spring-loaded" capsules can form in the charged droplets during the ESI process as there is no competition between guest encapsulation and ion pair formation with the counterions that preclude encapsulation in solution. The encapsulation complexes are sufficiently stable in the gas-phase - even when strained - because non-covalent interactions significantly strengthen in the absence of solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Stares
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Abstract
The geometrical parameters and the bonding in [D···X···D]+ halonium compounds, where D is a Lewis base with N as the donor atom and X is Cl, Br, or I, have been investigated through a combined structural and computational study. Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) searches have revealed linear and symmetrical [D···X···D]+ frameworks with neutral donors. By means of density functional theory (DFT), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) calculations, we have studied the effect of various halogen atoms (X) on the [D···X···D]+ framework, the effect of different nitrogen-donor groups (D) attached to an iodonium cation (X = I), and the influence of the electron density alteration on the [D···I···D]+ halonium bond by variation of the R substituents at the N-donor upon the symmetry, strength, and nature of the interaction. The physical origin of the interaction arises from a subtle interplay between electrostatic and orbital contributions (σ-hole bond). Interaction energies as high as 45 kcal/mol suggest that halonium bonds can be exploited for the development of novel halonium transfer agents, in asymmetric halofunctionalization or as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Velasquez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) and Departmento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Echeverría
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) and Departmento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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An S, Hao A, Xing P. [N···I···N] + Type Halogen-Bonding-Driven Supramolecular Helical Polymers with Modulated Chirality. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19220-19228. [PMID: 36286252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The [N···I···N]+ type halogen bond has been utilized to synthesize supramolecular architectures, while the applications in constructing helical motifs and modulating supramolecular chirality have been unexplored so far. In this work, the [N···I···N]+ halogen bond was introduced to drive the formation of supramolecular helical polymers via a Ag(I) coordination intermediate, showing tunable supramolecular chirality. Pyridine segments were conjugated to the asymmetric ferrocene skeleton, which show "open" and "closed" geometry depending on the sp2 N positions. Coordination with Ag(I) generated one-dimensional (1D) double helices and 2D helicates featured the [Ag(O)···I···Ag(O)]+ bond, which further stacked into 3D porous frameworks with chiral channels and adjustable pore sizes. Ionic exchange afforded 1D supramolecular helical polymers in solution phases driven by the [N···I···N]+ type halogen bonds, which was evidenced by the experimental results and density functional theory calculation. Fc2 exclusively demonstrated tunable supramolecular chirality in the formation of coordinated and halogen bonded polymers. In addition, solvent change would further inverse the helicity of halogen bonded supramolecular helical polymers depending on the rotation of the ferrocenyl core whose "closed" and "open" states were accompanied by the breakage of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. This work introduces a [N···I···N]+ type ionic halogen bond to prepare supramolecular helical polymers, providing multiple protocols in regulating helicity by ion exchange and solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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7
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Bierschenk SM, Pan JY, Settineri NS, Warzok U, Bergman RG, Raymond KN, Toste FD. Impact of Host Flexibility on Selectivity in a Supramolecular Host-Catalyzed Enantioselective aza-Darzens Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11425-11433. [PMID: 35700232 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective aza-Darzens reaction (up to 99% ee) catalyzed by an enantiopure supramolecular host has been discovered. To understand the role of host structure on reaction outcome, nine new gallium(III)-based enantiopure supramolecular assemblies were prepared via substitution of the external chiral amide. Despite the distal nature of the substitution in these catalysts, changes in enantioselectivity (61 to 90% ee) in the aziridine product were observed. The enantioselectivities were correlated to the flexibility of the supramolecular host scaffold as measured by the kinetics of exchange of a model cationic guest. This correlation led to the development of a best-in-class catalyst by substituting the gallium(III)-based host with one based on indium(III), which generated the most flexible and selective catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Bierschenk
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Judy Y Pan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas S Settineri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ulrike Warzok
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth N Raymond
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - F Dean Toste
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Nieland E, Komisarek D, Hohloch S, Wurst K, Vasylyeva V, Weingart O, Schmidt BM. Supramolecular networks by imine halogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5233-5236. [PMID: 35388831 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding of neutral donors using imine groups of porous organic cage compounds as acceptors leads to the formation of halogen-bonded frameworks. We report the use of two different imine cages, in combination with three electron-poor halogen bond donors. Four resulting solid-state structures elucidated by single-crystal X-ray analysis are presented and analysed for the first time by plane-wave DFT calculations and QTAIM-analyses of the entire unit cells, demonstrating the formation of halogen bonds within the networks. The supramolecular frameworks can be obtained either from solution or mechanochemically by liquid-assisted grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Komisarek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vera Vasylyeva
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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9
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Fang S, Wang M, Wu Y, Guo QH, Li E, Li H, Huang F. Cagearenes: synthesis, characterization, and application for programmed vapor release. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6254-6261. [PMID: 35733889 PMCID: PMC9159107 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we announce the establishment of a new family of organic molecular cages, named cagearenes, by taking advantage of a versatile strategy. These cagearenes were prepared via the Friedel–Crafts reaction by condensing two equivalents of a precursor bearing three 1,4-dimethoxybenzene groups and three equivalents of formaldehyde. Two cages, namely cagearene-1 and cagearene-2, are obtained and well characterized. The cagearene-1 solid exhibits the ability to adsorb benzene vapour from an equimolar benzene/cyclohexane mixture with a purity of 91.1%. Then, the adsorbed benzene molecules can be released from the cage at a relatively lower temperature, namely 70 °C, as a consequence of which, cyclohexane with a high purity was left within the cage solid. Heating the cage solid further at 130 °C led to the production of cyclohexane with a purity up to 98.7%. As inferred from the single crystal structures and theoretical calculations, the ability of the cage in programmed release of benzene and cyclohexane results from the different binding modes of these two guests. Two organic cages, cagearene-1 and cagearene-2, are prepared. The cagearene-1 solid selectively absorbs benzene vapor from a benzene/cyclohexane mixture and is used to achieve temperature-controlled programmed vapor release.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87953189
| | - Mengbin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87953189
| | - Yating Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
| | - Errui Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87953189
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87953189
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
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10
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Ling I, Cambell C, Sobolev AN, Dalgarno S. Hierarchical study of mono- and multicharged imidazolium encapsulation in p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene molecular capsules. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four ternary multi-component crystal structures comprising water-soluble p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene anion as the cavitand in the presence of different types of positively charged guest molecules comprising 1-butylimidazolium, 3,3'-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1-methylimidazolium), 3,3',3''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(methylene))tris(1-methylimidazolium), or 3,3',3'',3'''-(benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(1-methylimidazolium) and...
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11
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Taipale E, Ward JS, Fiorini G, Stares DL, Schalley CA, Rissanen K. Dimeric iodine( i) and silver( i) cages from tripodal N-donor ligands via the [N–Ag–N] + to [N–I–N] + cation exchange reaction. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of tripodal ligands with silver(I) salts generated M3L2 cage complexes that encapsulated anions within their cavities. Subsequent [N–Ag–N]+ to [N–I–N]+ cation exchange with I2 resulted in the corresponding halogen-bonded iodine(I) cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Taipale
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jas S. Ward
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Giorgia Fiorini
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Daniel L. Stares
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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12
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Yu S, Kalenius E, Frontera A, Rissanen K. Macrocyclic complexes based on [N⋯I⋯N] + halogen bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12464-12467. [PMID: 34734592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05616f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New 1-2 nm macrocyclic iodine(I) complexes prepared VIA a simple ligand exchange reaction manifest rigid 0.5-1 nm cavities that bind the hexafluorophosphate anion in the gas phase. The size of the cavities and the electrostatic interactions with the iodine(I) cations influence the anion binding properties of these macrocyclic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Yu
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crts de Valldemossa km 7.6, 07122, Palma de Mallorca Baleares, Spain
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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13
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von der Heiden D, Németh FB, Andreasson M, Sethio D, Pápai I, Erdelyi M. Are bis(pyridine)iodine(I) complexes applicable for asymmetric halogenation? Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8307-8323. [PMID: 34522944 PMCID: PMC8494190 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure halogenated molecules are of tremendous importance as synthetic intermediates in the construction of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, flavours, natural products, pesticides, and functional materials. Enantioselective halofunctionalizations remain poorly understood and generally applicable procedures are lacking. The applicability of chiral trans-chelating bis(pyridine)iodine(i) complexes in the development of substrate independent, catalytic enantioselective halofunctionalization has been explored herein. Six novel chiral bidentate pyridine donor ligands have been designed, routes for their synthesis developed and their [N–I–N]+-type halogen bond complexes studied by 15N NMR and DFT. The chiral complexes encompassing a halogen bond stabilized iodenium ion are shown to be capable of efficient iodenium transfer to alkenes; however, without enantioselectivity. The lack of stereoselectivity is shown to originate from the availability of multiple ligand conformations of comparable energies and an insufficient steric influence by the chiral ligand. Substrate preorganization by the chiral catalyst appears a necessity for enantioselective halofunctionalization. The enantioselectivity of the iodine(i) transfer process from chiral bis(pyridine)iodine(i) complexes to alkenes is explored.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flóra Boróka Németh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Måns Andreasson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sethio
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Chemistry, University J. Selyeho, 94505 Komárno, Slovakia
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Lindblad S, Boróka Németh F, Földes T, von der Heiden D, Vang HG, Driscoll ZL, Gonnering ER, Pápai I, Bowling N, Erdelyi M. The Influence of Secondary Interactions on the [N-I-N] + Halogen Bond. Chemistry 2021; 27:13748-13756. [PMID: 34339075 PMCID: PMC8518683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Bis(pyridine)iodine(I)]+ complexes offer controlled access to halonium ions under mild conditions. The reactivity of such stabilized halonium ions is primarily determined by their three-center, four-electron [N-I-N]+ halogen bond. We studied the importance of chelation, strain, steric hindrance and electrostatic interaction for the structure and reactivity of halogen bonded halonium ions by acquiring their 15 N NMR coordination shifts and measuring their iodenium release rates, and interpreted the data with the support of DFT computations. A bidentate ligand stabilizes the [N-I-N]+ halogen bond, decreasing the halenium transfer rate. Strain weakens the bond and accordingly increases the release rate. Remote modifications in the backbone do not influence the stability as long as the effect is entirely steric. Incorporating an electron-rich moiety close by the [N-I-N]+ motif increases the iodenium release rate. The analysis of the iodine(I) transfer mechanism highlights the impact of secondary interactions, and may provide a handle on the induction of stereoselectivity in electrophilic halogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lindblad
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Flóra Boróka Németh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Földes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Herh G Vang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2001 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54481, USA
| | - Zakarias L Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2001 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54481, USA
| | - Emily R Gonnering
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2001 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54481, USA
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Chemistry, University J. Selyeho, 94505, Komárno, Slovakia
| | - Nathan Bowling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2001 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54481, USA
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Kirchhoff B, Jónsson EÖ, Dohn AO, Jacob T, Jónsson H. Elastic Collision Based Dynamic Partitioning Scheme for Hybrid Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5863-5875. [PMID: 34460258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In hybrid simulations, such as the QM/MM approach, the system is partitioned into regions that are treated at different levels of theory. The key question then becomes how to evaluate the interactions between particles on opposite sides of the boundary. One approach is to place the boundary in such a way that particles near the boundary on both sides are of the same type, thus simplifying the evaluation of the interactions. If mobile particles are present, such as solvent molecules, and particles are allowed to cross the boundary, the conservation of energy and atomic forces is problematic unless the computational effort is increased significantly. By preventing particles from crossing the boundary but allowing the boundary to be flexible, an accurate estimate of average thermodynamic properties is obtained in principle as illustrated by the flexible inner region ensemble separator (FIRES) method [C. Rowley and B. Roux, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2012, 8, 3526]. In FIRES, a harmonic restraint is applied to particles near the boundary. Therefore, it can occur that particle cross the boundary to some extent resulting in anomalies in the particle density. Here, a constraint approach is presented where particles instantaneously scatter from the boundary. This scattering-adapted FIRES (SAFIRES) implementation makes use of a variable-time-step propagation algorithm where the time step is scaled automatically to identify the moment a collision should occur. If the length of the time step is kept constant, this propagator reduces to a regular Langevin dynamics algorithm, and to the velocity Verlet algorithm for conservative dynamics if the friction coefficient is set to zero. Correct average ensemble statistics are obtained as demonstrated in simulations where, for testing purposes, the particles in the two regions are treated at the same level of theory, namely, a homogeneous Lennard-Jones (LJ) liquid and liquid water based on the TIP4P potential function. In order to illustrate this approach in solid-liquid interface simulations, a LJ liquid in contact with the surface of a crystal is also simulated. The simulations using SAFIRES are shown to reproduce the unconstrained reference simulations without significant deviations in the particle density and the dynamics are shown to conserve energy when coupling to the heat bath is turned off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kirchhoff
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elvar Örn Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Asmus Ougaard Dohn
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.,Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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16
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Yu S, Ward JS, Truong K, Rissanen K. Carbonyl Hypoiodites as Extremely Strong Halogen Bond Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Yu
- Department of Chemistry University of Jyvaskyla Survontie 9 B 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Department of Chemistry University of Jyvaskyla Survontie 9 B 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Khai‐Nghi Truong
- Department of Chemistry University of Jyvaskyla Survontie 9 B 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry University of Jyvaskyla Survontie 9 B 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
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17
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Yu S, Ward JS, Truong K, Rissanen K. Carbonyl Hypoiodites as Extremely Strong Halogen Bond Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20739-20743. [PMID: 34268851 PMCID: PMC8518949 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutral halogen-bonded O-I-N complexes were prepared from in situ formed carbonyl hypoiodites and aromatic organic bases. The carbonyl hypoiodites have a strongly polarized iodine atom with larger σ-holes than any known uncharged halogen bond donor. Modulating the Lewis basicity of the selected pyridine derivatives and carboxylates leads to halogen-bonded complexes where the classical O-I⋅⋅⋅N halogen bond transforms more into a halogen-bonded COO- ⋅⋅⋅I-N+ ion-pair (salt) with an asymmetric O-I-N moiety. X-ray analyses, NMR studies, and calculations reveal the halogen bonding geometries of the carbonyl hypoiodite-based O-I-N complexes, confirming that in the solid-state the iodine atom is much closer to the N-atom of the pyridine derivatives than its original position at the carboxylate O-atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Yu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyvaskylaSurvontie 9 B40014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyvaskylaSurvontie 9 B40014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Khai‐Nghi Truong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyvaskylaSurvontie 9 B40014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyvaskylaSurvontie 9 B40014JyväskyläFinland
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18
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Ward JS, Frontera A, Rissanen K. Iodonium complexes of the tertiary amines quinuclidine and 1-ethylpiperidine. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8297-8301. [PMID: 34096945 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01437d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iodonium complexes incorporating tertiary amines have been synthesised to study and explore why such species comprised of alkyl amines are relatively rare. The complexes were characterised in solution (1H and 15N NMR spectroscopy) and the solid state (SCXRD), and analysed computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jas S Ward
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crts de Valldemossa km 7.6, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
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19
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Lloyd Williams OH, Rijs NJ. Reaction Monitoring and Structural Characterisation of Coordination Driven Self-Assembled Systems by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Front Chem 2021; 9:682743. [PMID: 34169059 PMCID: PMC8217442 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.682743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature creates exquisite molecular assemblies, required for the molecular-level functions of life, via self-assembly. Understanding and harnessing these complex processes presents an immense opportunity for the design and fabrication of advanced functional materials. However, the significant industrial potential of self-assembly to fabricate highly functional materials is hampered by a lack of knowledge of critical reaction intermediates, mechanisms, and kinetics. As we move beyond the covalent synthetic regime, into the domain of non-covalent interactions occupied by self-assembly, harnessing and embracing complexity is a must, and non-targeted analyses of dynamic systems are becoming increasingly important. Coordination driven self-assembly is an important subtype of self-assembly that presents several wicked analytical challenges. These challenges are "wicked" due the very complexity desired confounding the analysis of products, intermediates, and pathways, therefore limiting reaction optimisation, tuning, and ultimately, utility. Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry solves many of the most challenging analytical problems in separating and analysing the structure of both simple and complex species formed via coordination driven self-assembly. Thus, due to the emerging importance of ion mobility mass spectrometry as an analytical technique tackling complex systems, this review highlights exciting recent applications. These include equilibrium monitoring, structural and dynamic analysis of previously analytically inaccessible complex interlinked structures and the process of self-sorting. The vast and largely untapped potential of ion mobility mass spectrometry to coordination driven self-assembly is yet to be fully realised. Therefore, we also propose where current analytical approaches can be built upon to allow for greater insight into the complexity and structural dynamics involved in self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole J. Rijs
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Polewski L, Springer A, Pagel K, Schalley CA. Gas-Phase Structural Analysis of Supramolecular Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2445-2456. [PMID: 33900743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry and gas-phase IR action spectroscopy are two structure-sensitive mass-spectrometric methods becoming more popular recently. While ion mobility spectrometry provides collision cross sections as a size and shape dependent parameter of an ion of interest, gas-phase spectroscopy identifies functional groups and is capable of distinguishing different isomers. Both methods have recently found application for the investigation of supramolecular assemblies. We here highlight several aspects.Starting with the characterization of switching states in azobenzene photoswitches as well as redox-switchable lasso-type pseudorotaxanes, structures of isomers can be distinguished and mechanistic details analyzed. Ion mobility mass spectrometry in combination with gas-phase H/D-exchange reactions unravels subtle structural details as described for the chiral recognition of crown ether amino acid complexes. Gas-phase IR spectroscopy allows identification of details of the binding patterns in dimeric amino acid clusters as well as the serine octamer. This research can be extended into the analysis of peptide assemblies that are of medical relevance, for example, in Alzheimer's disease, and into a general hydrophobicity scale for natural as well as synthetic amino acids. The development of ultracold gas-phase spectroscopy that for example makes use of ions trapped in liquid helium droplets provides access to very well resolved spectra. The combination of ion mobility separation of ions with subsequent spectroscopic analysis even permits separation of different isomers and studying them separately with respect to their structure. This represents a great advantage of these gas-phase methods over solution experiments, in which the supramolecular complexes under study typically equilibrate and thus prevent a separate investigation of different isomers. At the end of this overview, we will discuss larger and more complex supramolecules, among them giant halogen-bonded cages and complex intertwined topologies such as molecular knots and Solomon links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Polewski
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Springer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Yu S, Kumar P, Ward JS, Frontera A, Rissanen K. A “nucleophilic” iodine in a halogen-bonded iodonium complex manifests an unprecedented I+···Ag+ interaction. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Zhu YJ, Gao Y, Tang MM, Rebek J, Yu Y. Dimeric capsules self-assembled through halogen and chalcogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1543-1549. [PMID: 33528464 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular capsules are nanoscale containers useful for the study of molecular behavior in confined spaces. They offer practical applications in catalysis, molecular transport, drug delivery, and materials science. Self-assembly has proven to be an effective approach in constructing supramolecular capsules and a variety of well-known noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, metal coordination and ionic interactions have been deployed. Bowl-shaped cavitand structures built up from resorcinarenes have particular advantages for the construction of supramolecular capsules, and this highlight discusses the unconventional self-assembly of molecular capsules held together by halogen and chalcogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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23
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Sethio D, Raggi G, Lindh R, Erdélyi M. Halogen Bond of Halonium Ions: Benchmarking DFT Methods for the Description of NMR Chemical Shifts. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7690-7701. [PMID: 33136388 PMCID: PMC7726912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of their anisotropic electron distribution and electron deficiency, halonium ions are unusually strong halogen-bond donors that form strong and directional three-center, four-electron halogen bonds. These halogen bonds have received considerable attention owing to their applicability in supramolecular and synthetic chemistry and have been intensely studied using spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques over the past decade. Their computational treatment faces different challenges to those of conventional weak and neutral halogen bonds. Literature studies have used a variety of wave functions and DFT functionals for prediction of their geometries and NMR chemical shifts, however, without any systematic evaluation of the accuracy of these methods being available. In order to provide guidance for future studies, we present the assessment of the accuracy of 12 common DFT functionals along with the Hartree-Fock (HF) and the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) methods, selected from an initial set of 36 prescreened functionals, for the prediction of 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR chemical shifts of [N-X-N]+ halogen-bond complexes, where X = F, Cl, Br, and I. Using a benchmark set of 14 complexes, providing 170 high-quality experimental chemical shifts, we show that the choice of the DFT functional is more important than that of the basis set. The M06 functional in combination with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set is demonstrated to provide the overall most accurate NMR chemical shifts, whereas LC-ωPBE, ωB97X-D, LC-TPSS, CAM-B3LYP, and B3LYP to show acceptable performance. Our results are expected to provide a guideline to facilitate future developments and applications of the [N-X-N]+ halogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sethio
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerardo Raggi
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Lindblad S, Németh FB, Földes T, Vanderkooy A, Pápai I, Erdélyi M. O-I-O halogen bond of halonium ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9671-9674. [PMID: 32696769 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03513k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of halonium ions is conveniently modulated by three-center, four-electron halogen bonds. Such stabilized halonium complexes are valuable reagents for oxidations and halofunctionalization reactions. We report the first example of the stabilization of a halenium ion in a three-center, four-electron halogen bond with two oxygen ligands. The influence of electron density and solvent on the stability of the complexes is assessed. O-I-O halogen bond complexes are applicable as synthetic reagents and as supramolecular synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lindblad
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Kieffer M, Bilbeisi RA, Thoburn JD, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Guest Binding Drives Host Redistribution in Libraries of Co II 4 L 4 Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11369-11373. [PMID: 32243707 PMCID: PMC7383889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two CoII 4 L4 tetrahedral cages prepared from similar building blocks showed contrasting host-guest properties. One cage did not bind guests, whereas the second encapsulated a series of anions, due to electronic and geometric effects. When the building blocks of both cages were present during self-assembly, a library of five CoII LA x LB 4-x cages was formed in a statistical ratio in the absence of guests. Upon incorporation of anions able to interact preferentially with some library members, the products obtained were redistributed in favor of the best anion binders. To quantify the magnitudes of these templation effects, ESI-MS was used to gauge the effect of each template upon library redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Kieffer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Rana A. Bilbeisi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - John D. Thoburn
- Department of ChemistryRandolph-Macon CollegeAshlandVA23005USA
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
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26
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27
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von der Heiden D, Vanderkooy A, Erdélyi M. Halogen bonding in solution: NMR spectroscopic approaches. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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29
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30
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Kunde T, Nieland E, Schröder HV, Schalley CA, Schmidt BM. A porous fluorinated organic [4+4] imine cage showing CO2 and H2 adsorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4761-4764. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01872d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first POC, containing perfluorinated aromatic panels forming quickly and in high purity, despite low preorganization encoded in the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- Universitätsstraße 1
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- Universitätsstraße 1
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Hendrik V. Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Arnimallee 20
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Arnimallee 20
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- Universitätsstraße 1
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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31
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Foyle ÉM, White NG. Anion templated crystal engineering of halogen bonding tripodal tris(halopyridinium) compounds. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Crystal engineering of halogen bonding tripodal receptors is found to be highly dependent on solvent and choice of anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émer M. Foyle
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Nicholas G. White
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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32
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Ward JS, Fiorini G, Frontera A, Rissanen K. Asymmetric [N–I–N]+ halonium complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8428-8431. [PMID: 32579654 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of unrestrained asymmetric silver(i) and halonium complexes have been prepared and characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jas S. Ward
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Jyväskylä 40014
- Finland
| | - Giorgia Fiorini
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Jyväskylä 40014
- Finland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Jyväskylä 40014
- Finland
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33
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Abstract
Halonium ions are particularly strong halogen bond donors, and are accordingly valuable tools for a variety of fields, such as supramolecular and synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Turunen
- Department of Chemistry – BMC
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 23 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry – BMC
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 23 Uppsala
- Sweden
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34
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Nieland E, Weingart O, Schmidt BM. Fluorinated azobenzenes as supramolecular halogen-bonding building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2013-2019. [PMID: 31501668 PMCID: PMC6720338 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ortho-Fluoroazobenzenes are a remarkable example of bistable photoswitches, addressable by visible light. Symmetrical, highly fluorinated azobenzenes bearing an iodine substituent in para-position were shown to be suitable supramolecular building blocks both in solution and in the solid state in combination with neutral halogen bonding acceptors, such as lutidines. Therefore, we investigate the photochemistry of a series of azobenzene photoswitches. Upon introduction of iodoethynyl groups, the halogen bonding donor properties are significantly strengthened in solution. However, the bathochromic shift of the π→π* band leads to a partial overlap with the n→π* band, making it slightly more difficult to address. The introduction of iodine substituents is furthermore accompanied with a diminishing thermal half-life. A series of three azobenzenes with different halogen bonding donor properties are discussed in relation to their changing photophysical properties, rationalized by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Strakova K, Assies L, Goujon A, Piazzolla F, Humeniuk HV, Matile S. Dithienothiophenes at Work: Access to Mechanosensitive Fluorescent Probes, Chalcogen-Bonding Catalysis, and Beyond. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10977-11005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Goujon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vanderkooy A, Gupta AK, Földes T, Lindblad S, Orthaber A, Pápai I, Erdélyi M. Halogen Bonding Helicates Encompassing Iodonium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9012-9016. [PMID: 31074942 PMCID: PMC6773207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first halonium-ion-based helices were designed and synthesized using oligo-aryl/pyridylene-ethynylene backbones that fold around reactive iodonium ions. Halogen bonding interactions stabilize the iodonium ions within the helices. Remarkably, the distance between two iodonium ions within a helix is shorter than the sum of their van der Waals radii. The helical conformations were characterized by X-ray crystallography in the solid state, by NMR spectroscopy in solution and corroborated by DFT calculations. The helical complexes possess potential synthetic utility, as demonstrated by their ability to induce iodocyclization of 4-penten-1-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Vanderkooy
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala Universitet, Husargatan 3, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamás Földes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Sofia Lindblad
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala Universitet, Husargatan 3, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala Universitet, Husargatan 3, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
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Vanderkooy A, Gupta AK, Földes T, Lindblad S, Orthaber A, Pápai I, Erdélyi M. Halogen Bonding Helicates Encompassing Iodonium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Vanderkooy
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala Universitet Husargatan 3 752 37 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala Universitet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tamás Földes
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Center for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
- Present address: Department of ChemistryKing's College London London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Sofia Lindblad
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala Universitet Husargatan 3 752 37 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala Universitet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Center for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala Universitet Husargatan 3 752 37 Uppsala Sweden
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Gabelica V, Shvartsburg AA, Afonso C, Barran P, Benesch JL, Bleiholder C, Bowers MT, Bilbao A, Bush MF, Campbell JL, Campuzano ID, Causon T, Clowers BH, Creaser CS, De Pauw E, Far J, Fernandez‐Lima F, Fjeldsted JC, Giles K, Groessl M, Hogan CJ, Hann S, Kim HI, Kurulugama RT, May JC, McLean JA, Pagel K, Richardson K, Ridgeway ME, Rosu F, Sobott F, Thalassinos K, Valentine SJ, Wyttenbach T. Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:291-320. [PMID: 30707468 PMCID: PMC6618043 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a guide to ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties of mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0 ) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N; (ii) ion mobility does not measure molecular surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model; (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method-dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort toward establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. © 2019 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM and CNRS, ARNA Laboratory, IECB site2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600PessacFrance
| | | | | | - Perdita Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryManchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Justin L.P. Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Christian Bleiholder
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida32311
| | | | - Aivett Bilbao
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | | | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre for Analytical ScienceDepartment of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Johann Far
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of BioMedical ResearchInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland and TofwerkThunSwitzerland
| | | | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Jody C. May
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Freie Universitaet BerlinInstitute for Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Frédéric Rosu
- CNRS, INSERM and University of BordeauxInstitut Européen de Chimie et BiologiePessacFrance
| | - Frank Sobott
- Antwerp UniversityBiomolecular & Analytical Mass SpectrometryAntwerpBelgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- School of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- United Kingdom and Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of LondonLondonWC1E 7HXUK
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of ChemistryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest Virginia
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Nieland E, Topornicki T, Kunde T, Schmidt BM. [2+2] Halogen-bonded boxes employing azobenzenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8768-8771. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structures of three [2+2] supramolecular boxes assembled by halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Thomas Topornicki
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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