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Sahoo JK, Hasturk O, Falcucci T, Kaplan DL. Silk chemistry and biomedical material designs. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:302-318. [PMID: 37165164 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has applications in different medical fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery and medical devices. Advances in silk chemistry and biomaterial designs have yielded exciting tools for generating new silk-based materials and technologies. Selective chemistries can enhance or tune the features of silk, such as mechanics, biodegradability, processability and biological interactions, to address challenges in medically relevant materials (hydrogels, films, sponges and fibres). This Review details the design and utility of silk biomaterials for different applications, with particular focus on chemistry. This Review consists of three segments: silk protein fundamentals, silk chemistries and functionalization mechanisms. This is followed by a description of different crosslinking chemistries facilitating network formation, including the formation of composite biomaterials. Utility in the fields of tissue engineering, drug delivery, 3D printing, cell coatings, microfluidics and biosensors are highlighted. Looking to the future, we discuss silk biomaterial design strategies to continue to improve medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Hasturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Falcucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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2
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Karimi F, Lau K, Kim HN, Och Z, Lim KS, Whitelock J, Lord M, Rnjak-Kovacina J. Surface Biofunctionalization of Silk Biomaterials Using Dityrosine Cross-Linking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31551-31566. [PMID: 35793155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofunctionalization of silk biomaterial surfaces with extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, cell binding peptides, or growth factors is important in a range of applications, including tissue engineering and development of implantable medical devices. Passive adsorption is the most common way to immobilize molecules of interest on preformed silk biomaterials but can lead to random molecular orientations and displacement from the surface, limiting their applications. Herein, we developed techniques for covalent immobilization of biomolecules using enzyme- or photoinitiated formation of dityrosine bonds between the molecule of interest and silk. Using recombinantly expressed domain V of the human basement membrane proteoglycan perlecan (rDV) as a model molecule, we demonstrated that rDV can be covalently immobilized via dityrosine cross-linking without the need to modify rDV or silk biomaterials. Dityrosine-based immobilization resulted in a different molecular orientation to passively absorbed rDV with less C- and N-terminal region exposure on the surface. Dityrosine-based immobilization supported functional rDV immobilization where immobilized rDV supported endothelial cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and proliferation. These results demonstrate the utility of dityrosine-based cross-linking in covalent immobilization of tyrosine-containing molecules on silk biomaterials in the absence of chemical modification, adding a simple and accessible technique to the silk biofunctionalization toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kieran Lau
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zachary Och
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - John Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Megan Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Lang G, Grill C, Scheibel T. Site-Specific Functionalization of Recombinant Spider Silk Janus Fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115232. [PMID: 34986278 PMCID: PMC9303884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnological production is a powerful tool to design materials with customized properties. The aim of this work was to apply designed spider silk proteins to produce Janus fibers with two different functional sides. First, functionalization was established through a cysteine-modified silk protein, ntagCys eADF4(κ16). After fiber spinning, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coupled via thiol-ene click chemistry. Significantly reduced electrical resistivity indicated sufficient loading density of AuNPs on such fiber surfaces. Then, Janus fibers were electrospun in a side-by-side arrangement, with "non-functional" eADF4(C16) on the one and "functional" ntagCys eADF4(κ16) on the other side. Post-treatment was established to render silk fibers insoluble in water. Subsequent AuNP binding was highly selective on the ntagCys eADF4(κ16) side demonstrating the potential of such silk-based systems to realize complex bifunctional structures with spatial resolutions in the nano scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Lang
- Biopolymer Processing GroupUniversity of BayreuthLudwig-Thoma-Straße 36A95447BayreuthGermany
| | - Carolin Grill
- Chair of BiomaterialsUniversity of BayreuthTAO Gebäude, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 195447BayreuthGermany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of BiomaterialsUniversity of BayreuthTAO Gebäude, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 195447BayreuthGermany
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4
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Lang G, Grill C, Scheibel T. Site‐specific functionalization of recombinant spider silk Janus fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Lang
- Universität Bayreuth: Universitat Bayreuth Biopolymerprocessing GERMANY
| | - Carolin Grill
- Universität Bayreuth: Universitat Bayreuth Biomaterials GERMANY
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- University of Bayreuth Biomaterials Prof. Rüdiger Bormann Str. 1 95447 Bayreuth GERMANY
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Zhu Y, Gu P, Wan H, Zhou S, He J, Li H, Li N, Xu Q, Lu J. SuFEx modification of silk fibroin silicon aerogel and its adsorption behavior and antibacterial performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132291. [PMID: 34562702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A silk fibroin silicon-based composite aerogel (SSA) has been modified via a SuFEx reaction for application in the adsorption of anionic pollutants and antimicrobials in water. The tyrosine fragment in the silk fibroin was modified by a high yielding SuFEx click reaction. A quaternary ammonium salt functionality was introduced into the silk fibroin protein and the modified silk fibroin protein was crosslinked with tetraethyl orthosilicate. The aerogel was then prepared by freeze-drying. The aerogel obtained has biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Four types of dyes (Methyl orange, Rhodamine B, Methylene blue and Acid red) were applied as targets and the saturated adsorption amounts were calculated. The adsorption behavior of the dyes towards SSA was studied by fitting Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. A pseudo-first order kinetic model and a pseudo-second order kinetic model were used to study the kinetics of the adsorption process. After 6 cycles, the removal rate of methyl orange by SSA remained at 81.25%. The adsorption capacity and anti-interference ability of SSA on some other polluting anions such as PO43- and CrO42- were also measured and the efficiency adsorption reached up to 70.94% and 77.91%, respectively. The antibacterial effect of SSA was evaluated with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Peiyang Gu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Haibo Wan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shiyan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jinghui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Najun Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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6
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Shome A, Moses JC, Rather AM, Mandal BB, Manna U. Unconventional and Facile Fabrication of Chemically Reactive Silk Fibroin Sponges for Environmental Remediation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24258-24271. [PMID: 33985331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin and silk microfibers, both derived from silk cocoon, have been widely used for prospective biomedical, energy, and environmental applications. However, various complex and catalyst-based approaches have been adopted for chemical modification and integration of different functionalities in silk fibroin-based materials. Here, both tailored water wettability and mechanical property have been associated with silk microfiber reinforced silk fibroin sponges (SMFRSFSs) through the strategic introduction of β-sheets and a facile and catalyst-free chemical reaction at ambient conditions. While the controlled tailoring of β-sheets in the silk fibroin skeletal framework of the sponges allowed us to modulate the compressive modulus, the 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between amine residues of silk (fiber and fibroin) and acrylate groups of a multifunctional cross-linker provided residual chemical reactivity. Further, the chemically "reactive" sponge was postmodified with the selected alkylamines to introduce a wide range of water wettability (from 36 to 161°) without affecting the mechanical property. Thereafter, the silk cocoon-derived and extremely water-repellent sponge was used for environment-friendly cleaning of oil spillages through selective absorption-based and filtration-based oil/water separation at different and severe aqueous conditions. This silk cocoon-derived mechanically tailorable and chemically reactive sponge could also be useful for various biomedical and energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Shome
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Joseph Christakiran Moses
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Adil M Rather
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uttam Manna
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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Emonson NS, Eyckens DJ, Allardyce BJ, Hendlmeier A, Stanfield MK, Soulsby LC, Stojcevski F, Henderson LC. Using In Situ Polymerization to Increase Puncture Resistance and Induce Reversible Formability in Silk Membranes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2252. [PMID: 32422884 PMCID: PMC7287606 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is an excellent biopolymer for application in a variety of areas, such as textiles, medicine, composites and as a novel material for additive manufacturing. In this work, silk membranes were surface modified by in situ polymerization of aqueous acrylic acid, initiated by the reduction of various aryldiazonium salts with vitamin C. Treatment times of 20 min gave membranes which possessed increased tensile strength, tensile modulus, and showed significant increased resistance to needle puncture (+131%), relative to 'untreated' standards. Most interestingly, the treated silk membranes were able to be reversibly formed into various shapes via the hydration and plasticizing of the surface bound poly(acrylic acid), by simply steaming the modified membranes. These membranes and their unique properties have potential applications in advanced textiles, and as medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Filip Stojcevski
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (N.S.E.); (D.J.E.); (B.J.A.); (A.H.); (M.K.S.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (N.S.E.); (D.J.E.); (B.J.A.); (A.H.); (M.K.S.); (L.C.S.)
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8
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Surface Modification of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Film via Thiol-ene Click Chemistry. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to develop a strategy for the surface modification of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) film, via a thiol-ene click reaction, in order to expand its potential applicability. To achieve this goal, terminal thiol groups, from reduced glutathione, were introduced onto the surface of the SF film via a carbodiimide coupling reaction. These immobilized thiol groups act as robust crosslinkers and allow us to rapidly functionalize the surface with alkene group-containing molecules via ultraviolet (UV) light-initiated thiol-ene click chemistry. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results specifically determined that alkene group-containing molecules and UV illumination are required for the thiol-ene click modification to take place on thiolated SF films. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy characterization of SF films indicated that the β-sheet conformation of SF was hampered throughout the modification process. Furthermore, it was found that the processes for thiol-ene click chemistry that took place on the SF film surface did not affect the thermal stability of SF films significantly, indicating the developed strategy preserved the intrinsic properties of the SF film. Taking into account that many alkene-containing molecules are suitable for thiol-ene click chemistry, we see immense potential for the incorporation of SF films into various applications, using this methodology.
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Sogawa H, Katashima T, Numata K. A covalently crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogel using enzymatic oxidation and chemoenzymatically synthesized copolypeptide crosslinkers consisting of a GPG tripeptide motif and tyrosine: control of gelation and resilience. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A covalently crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogel was successfully formedviaan enzymatic crosslinking reaction using copolypeptides, which consist of a glycine–proline–glycine tripeptide motif and tyrosine, as linker molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Takuya Katashima
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
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10
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Hang Y, Ma J, Li S, Zhang X, Liu B, Ding Z, Lu Q, Chen H, Kaplan DL. Structure–Chemical Modification Relationships with Silk Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2762-2768. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Burns, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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