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Wu Y, Fernie KJ, Letcher RJ, Clark KE, Park JS, Watts BD, Barber PM, Chen D. Exposure of Peregrine Falcons to Halogenated Flame Retardants: A 30 Year Retrospective Biomonitoring Study across North America. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7154-7164. [PMID: 38590004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Compared to aquatic ecosystem, terrestrial systems have been subjected to fewer investigations on the exposure to halogenated flame retardants (HFRs). Our study utilized peregrine falcon eggs collected from multiple habitats across North America to retrospectively explore both spatial distribution and temporal changes in legacy (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and alternative HFRs over a 30 year period (1984-2016). The results reveal intensive HFR exposure in terrestrial ecosystems and chemical-specific spatiotemporal distribution patterns. The correlations between egg levels of the selected HFRs and human population density clearly illustrated a significant urban influence on the exposure of this wildlife species to these HFRs and subsequent maternal transfer to their eggs. Temporal analyses suggest that, unlike aquatic systems, terrestrial ecosystems may undergo continual exposure to consistently high levels of legacy HFRs for a long period of time. Our findings collectively highlight the effectiveness of using peregrine eggs to monitor terrestrial exposure to HFRs and other bioaccumulative chemicals and the need for continuous monitoring of HFRs in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Clark
- New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program, Woodbine, New Jersey 08270, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Bryan D Watts
- Center for Conservation Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Patricia M Barber
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110, United States
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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Martinez G, Zhu J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Complementarity of plasma and stool for the characterization of children's exposure to halogenated flame retardants: Update on analytical methods and application to a Canadian cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140222. [PMID: 37734505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen halogenated flame retardants including Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Dechlorane-like compounds, and emerging halogenated flame retardants were measured in stool and plasma samples from children aged 8.9-13.8 years old. Samples were obtained from a Canadian cohort investigating the effect of contaminants on children's neurodevelopment in the Estrie region, Québec, Canada. The method for stool analysis developed for this study showed good recovery for all targeted compounds (73%-93%) with associated relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 16.0%-30.7% for most compounds except for the thermosensitive BDE209, OBTMBI, and BTBPE, which showed slightly higher RSD, i.e., 49.3%, 37.2%, and 34.9% respectively. Complementarity investigation of stool and blood samples allowed us to better characterize human exposure to these halogenated flame retardants. Exposure patterns differed significantly between stool and blood, notably in the relative abundance of BDE47, BDE100, BDE99, and BDE153 and the detection frequencies of BDE209, syn-DP, anti-DP, and DBDPE. There was no correlation between the two matrices' PBDEs concentration levels except for BDE153 (rho = 0.44, p < 0.01). Our results indicate that future epidemiological studies may benefit from the use of stool as a complementary matrix to blood, especially investigations into chemical impacts on the gut microbiome. Results also revealed that children from the GESTE cohort, an Eastern Canadian semi-rural cohort, are exposed to both historical and emergent flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Zhao X, Lyu B, Zhang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Shi Z. Legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in animal-derived foods from China Total Diet Study (CTDS): Temporal trends, evidence of substitution, and dietary exposure assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130223. [PMID: 36367471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Based on the 6th China Total Diet Study (CTDS) conducted in 2016-2019, the occurrence of both legacy and novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) was measured in animal-derived foods collected across China. Most BFRs could be frequently detected in food samples, indicating their ubiquity in the environment. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a typical novel BFR, presented the highest contamination level, whereas legacy BFRs, including decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), still presented high detection frequencies and relatively abundant proportions in total BFRs. Compared with previous CTDSs conducted from 2007 to 2011, the levels and estimated dietary intakes (EDIs) of most BFRs showed a significant downtrend, which suggested that flame retardant consumption in China has transferred from legacy BFRs to novel BFRs (mainly DBDPE) and from BFRs to other kinds of flame retardants. Based on probabilistic estimation, the median EDIs of mainly used BFRs for the Chinese population ranged from 41.0 to 1.67 × 103 pg/kg bw/day, and meat consumption was the primary source in dietary BFR intake. By conducting the margin of exposure (MOE) approach or comparing with the reference dose (RfD), it can be concluded that daily dietary intakes of BFRs were still unable to cause significant health risks to the general population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Zhao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Stocker J, Morel AP, Wolfarth M, Dias JF, Niekraszewicz LAB, Cademartori CV, Silva FRD. Basal levels of inorganic elements, genetic damages, and hematological values in captive Falco peregrinus. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220067. [PMID: 35638824 PMCID: PMC9152845 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential to determine the basal pattern of different biomarkers for future evaluation of animal health and biomonitoring studies. Due to their great displacement capacity and to being at the top of their food chains, birds of prey are suitable for monitoring purposes. Furthermore, some birds of prey are adapted to using resources in urban places, providing information about this environment. Thus, this study determined the basal frequency of micronuclei and other nuclear alterations in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Falco peregrinus. Hematological and inorganic elements analysis were also performed. For this purpose, 13 individuals (7 females and 6 males) were sampled in private breeding grounds. Micronucleus, nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges, notched nuclei, binucleated cells and nuclear tails were quantified. Inorganic elements detected included the macro-elements Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, S and K as well as the micro-elements Fe, Al and Zn. Our study found similar values compared to previous studies determining the reference ranges of hematologic parameters in falcons. The only different value was observed in the relative number of monocytes. Thus, this study is the first approach to obtaining reference values of cytogenetic damage in this species and could be useful for future comparisons in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Stocker
- Universidade La Salle, Laboratório de Ecogenotoxicologia, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Morel
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaele Wolfarth
- Universidade La Salle, Laboratório de Ecogenotoxicologia, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina V Cademartori
- Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-graduação em Memória Social e Bens Culturais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R da Silva
- Universidade La Salle, Laboratório de Ecogenotoxicologia, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Hakk H, Pfaff C, Lupton SJ, Singh A. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of three [ 14C]PBDE congeners in laying hens and transfer to eggs. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:335-344. [PMID: 33287643 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1860269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) levels in environmental matrices have generally declined following their phaseout as flame retardants. The objective of this study was to determine the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of three persistent PBDEs in laying hens and their transfer into eggs. Laying hens (n = 4 per congener) received a single oral dose of BDE-99, -153, or -209 and eggs and excreta were collected daily for 7 days, then tissues were collected and analysed. Cumulative BDE-209 excretion was 93% of dose, and bioavailability was approximately 17%. Lesser amounts of BDE-99 (41%) and -153 (26%) were excreted with bioavailabilities of 87% and 79%, respectively. Phenolic metabolites were observed in excreta extracts from BDE-99 dosed birds. Cumulative transfers based on bioavailability of BDE-99, -153, and -209 to eggs were 17%, 34%, and 15%, respectively. Egg residues were primarily present in yolk (12.3%, 23.5%, and 2.1% of the total dose for BDE-99, -153, and -209, respectively). Adipose, skin, ova, intestine, and thigh muscle contained the highest levels of radioactive tissue residues. These studies demonstrate movement of PBDE residues into edible tissues and eggs of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heldur Hakk
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Colleen Pfaff
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sara J Lupton
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, USA
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