1
|
Loise V, Abe AA, Porto M, Muzzalupo I, Madeo L, Colella MF, Rossi CO, Caputo P. Plant Waste-Based Bioadditive as an Antioxidant Agent and Rheological Modifier of Bitumen. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2303. [PMID: 38793370 PMCID: PMC11122973 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, circular economy initiatives in addition to the need for sustainable biomaterials have brought about several attempts at the eco-friendly, eco-sustainable and cost-effective production of asphalt pavements. It is an increasingly common practice in the asphalt industry to improve road pavement performance using additives to enhance the physico-chemical properties of bitumen, which performs the role of the binder in the asphalt mix. This paper evaluated the potential of a bio-based additive derived from olive leaf residue as a modifier and antioxidant agent for bitumen. Samples of neat, aged and doped aged bitumen were analyzed. In this study, the two bio-based additives were characterized in terms of phenol, chlorophyll, lignin and cellulose content, which was correlated with the mechanical properties of the tested samples. The mechanical properties of the neat, modified, aged and unaged samples were evaluated via Dynamic Shear Rheology. The bio-based additives proved to be promising and can improve the properties of bitumen binder and the performance of asphalt pavements in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Loise
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (L.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Abraham A. Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (L.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Michele Porto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (L.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Innocenzo Muzzalupo
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Luigi Madeo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (L.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Maria Francesca Colella
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (L.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (L.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolino Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (L.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vural N, Algan-Cavuldak Ö, Akay MA. Desirability Function Approach for the Optimization of Hydroalcoholic Solvent Extraction Conditions for Antioxidant Compounds from Olive Leaves. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230602. [PMID: 38808814 DOI: 10.1590/0001-37652024202306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Vural
- Department of Food Processing-Food Technology, Health Services Vocational School, University of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt, 06760, Çubuk, Ankara, Türkiye
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Practice and Research Center, University of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt, 06010, Etlik, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Özge Algan-Cavuldak
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - M Abdülkadir Akay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Sayed SM, El-Sayed HS, Hashim AF, Youssef AM. Valorization of edible films based on chitosan/hydroxyethyl cellulose/olive leaf extract and TiO 2-NPs for preserving sour cream. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131727. [PMID: 38649073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable edible films for sour cream packaging were developed based on chitosan (CS), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Olive leaf extract (OE), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The prepared CS/HEC/TiO2-OE bionanocomposite films were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as using FT-IR, mechanical, permeability, and contact angle. The effect of developed films on the lipid oxidation, microbiological load, and chemical properties of sour cream was investigated. The fabricated films had an antimicrobial impact against all tested strains. The film containing 8 % OE showed effective protection against fat oxidation, with a peroxide value of 3.21 meq O2/kg, a para-anisidine value 5.40, and free fatty acids of 0.82 mg KOH/kg. The films with OE 4 % and 8 % have a good effect on the microbiological load of sour cream for 90 days. These films did not influence the chemical composition of sour cream and therefore can be used in this sort of dairy product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah M El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hoda S El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ayat F Hashim
- Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zöngür A, Er Zeybekler S. Evaluation of the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis on Caenorhabditis elegans. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00217-3. [PMID: 38662325 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has caused the products obtained with this technology to be used more daily. Information on the effects of these products, which provide great advantages in every respect, on human health and the environment is insufficient. It has been suggested that these nanoparticles may have toxic effects on living things, mostly in animal experiments and cell cultures. In this paper, the organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which contains a genome and biochemical ways highly similar to humans, is used to understand and reveal the metabolism of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toxicological effects. The toxicological effects of ZnO NPs on C. elegans organisms were investigated and the results were evaluated in terms of environment and human health. C. elegans was exposed to commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs from Olea europaea (olive tree, OLE). LC50 values were determined by probit analysis (green synthesized ZnO NP LC5024h = 84.97 mg/L, LC5072h = 33.27 mg/L, commercial ZnO NPs LC5024h = 5.75 mg/L, LC5072h = 1.91 mg/L). When the survival times of C. elegans were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method, it was seen that commercial ZnO NPs were more toxic than green synthesized ZnO NPs. In MTT tests, it was clearly seen that commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs entered the cell and caused different cytotoxicity. While there was a difference between control and 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L doses in commercial ZnO NP applications, there were significant differences between control and 25, 50 mg/L concentrations in green synthesized ZnO NP applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Zöngür
- Gemerek Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Simge Er Zeybekler
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carrara M, Kelly MT, Griffin L, Margout-Jantac D. Development and cross-validation of simple HPLC-fluorescence and UPLC-MS-UV methods for rapid determination of oleuropein in olive leaves. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:476-482. [PMID: 37984858 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olive leaves, abundant by-products of the olive oil industry, are a rich source of oleuropein, an important polyphenol in olive leaves. So far, no published methods have been validated using matrix standards for oleuropein quantification in olive leaves. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to develop an HPLC method for oleuropein determination in olive leaves using spiked matrix standards prepared from a blank olive leaf matrix, to validate the method with respect to aqueous standards, and cross-validate the HPLC method with UPLC-MS and UPLC-UV techniques. METHODOLOGY Oleuropein was extracted into methanol and analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD; excitation and emission wavelengths 281 and 316 nm, respectively) and by UPLC-MS-UV. For validation, calibration curves of spiked matrix standards (0.4 to 4.8 mg/g) were analysed by the three methods over several days. Oleuropein was then analysed in French olive varieties. RESULTS For the HPLC-FLD method, repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 5% RSD and linearity was demonstrated by the Fischer test. Differences in results of the spiked placebos by the three methods were non-significant, as confirmed by ANOVA. Extraction recovery was >90%, and there was a strong linear relationship between authentic and spiked matrix standards. The determination of oleuropein in French olive varieties is reported, including analysis in "Olivière" cultivar for the first time, leaves of which contained twice the amount of oleuropein compared with "Picholine". CONCLUSION Accurate quantification of oleuropein is possible using aqueous standards. Cross-validation indicates that selective analysis can equally be carried out by HPLC or by UPLC-MS techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Carrara
- Qualisud Mixed Research Unit, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mary T Kelly
- Qualisud Mixed Research Unit, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lauren Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Delphine Margout-Jantac
- Qualisud Mixed Research Unit, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huamán-Castilla NL, Díaz Huamaní KS, Palomino Villegas YC, Allcca-Alca EE, León-Calvo NC, Colque Ayma EJ, Zirena Vilca F, Mariotti-Celis MS. Exploring a Sustainable Process for Polyphenol Extraction from Olive Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:265. [PMID: 38254566 PMCID: PMC10814471 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are residues from pruning and harvesting and are considered an environmental management problems. Interestingly, these residues contain high polyphenol concentrations, which can be used to treat chronic diseases. However, these compounds are a technological challenge due to their thermolability and reactivity during extraction. Thus, this study assessed the use of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with green solvents like water-ethanol and water-glycerol mixtures (0-15%) at 50 °C and 70 °C to yield polyphenol-rich antioxidant extracts with reduced glucose and fructose content. The use of 30% ethanol at 70°C presented the highest polyphenol content (15.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity, which was expressed as IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration): 5.49 mg/mL and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC): 1259 μmol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight, as well as lower sugar content (glucose: 3.75 mg/g dry weight, fructose: 5.68 mg/g dry weight) compared to water-glycerol mixtures. Interestingly, ethanol exhibits a higher degree of effectiveness in recovering flavanols, stilbenes and secoiridoids, while glycerol improves the extraction of phenolic acids and flavonols. Therefore, to enhance the efficiency of polyphenol recovery during the PLE process, it is necessary to consider its solvent composition and chemical structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Karla Syndel Díaz Huamaní
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Yolanda Cristina Palomino Villegas
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Erik Edwin Allcca-Alca
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Nilton Cesar León-Calvo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Elvis Jack Colque Ayma
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (E.J.C.A.); (F.Z.V.)
| | - Franz Zirena Vilca
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (E.J.C.A.); (F.Z.V.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Benčić Đ, Barbarić M, Mornar A, Klarić DA, Brozovic A, Dabelić S, Fadljević M, Marković AK. Oleuropein in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts: stability and biological activity in human cervical carcinoma and melanoma cells. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:601-616. [PMID: 38147483 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaves as a main byproduct of olive oil and fruit industry are a valuable source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, with multiple biomedical effects. Apart from leaves, olive branches and stems make up a significant amount of olive waste. It is well known that the drying process and long-term storage affect the stability and concentration of polyphenols present in raw materials. For that matter, two different means of storing olive waste, at room temperature and +4 °C, were compared by determining the content of the polyphenol oleuropein (OLE) in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts (LE, BE, and SE) by HPLC-DAD method. Total phenols (TPC), o-diphenols (o-DPC), and total flavonoids (TFC) content in extracts were assessed by UV-Vis measurements. LE prepared from leaves stored at +4 °C had the highest OLE content, 30.7 mg g-1 of dry extract (DE). SE from stems stored at +4 °C was the richest in TPC and TFC (193 mg GAE/g DE and 82.9 mg CE/g DE, respectively), due to the higher purity of the extract. The biological activity of extracts was determined on cervical cancer (HeLa), melanoma (A375), metastatic melanoma (A375M) tumor cell lines, and on spontaneously immortalized cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT), using the MTT assay. The data show that all extracts had a similar dose-dependent effect on cell viability in HeLa cells, while the effect of LE on melanoma A375 and A375M, and HaCaT cells was cell-line dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Đani Benčić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Barbarić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Sanja Dabelić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Fadljević
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Noureldein M, Grigorakis S, Kellil A, Nenadis N. White rice enrichment with phenols upon cooking in olive leaf infusion: a preliminary study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7403-7410. [PMID: 37384660 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White rice is poor in health-promoting phytochemicals; therefore, the production of a phenol-enriched commodity is highly desirable. Recent findings on its enrichment via cooking in plant extracts are promising, yet studies employing aqueous extracts of olive leaves (OLs), containing well-recognized bioactive phenols (e.g. oleuropein) are absent. In addition, little is known about the levels of phenols that are maintained after rice drying and rehydration, an important aspect for the future design of 'ready-to-eat' functional rice. RESULTS The examination, for the first time, of white rice adsorption capacity of phenols from OLs upon cooking in infusions containing different levels of phenols, after freeze-drying and rehydration, showed the following: (i) the total phenol content, the antioxidant activity (assessed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays), the oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-glucoside levels increased dose dependently; (ii) upon rehydration, the average decrease of total phenol content and antioxidant activity values was significantly lower when an exact volume of water was used compared with an excess (~10% versus 63%). A similar trend was observed for oleuropein (36% versus 83%) and the luteolin-7-O-glucoside (24 versus 82%) levels; (iii) the dried enriched kernels were less bright with a hay-yellow hue (CIELab coordinates). CONCLUSION White rice enrichment with biophenols from OLs, a by-product of olive tree cultivation, was successful using a simple approach. Despite leaching upon freeze-drying/rehydration, sufficient amounts were maintained to obtain a functional rice that could serve as an alternative dietary source of OLs phenols to non-traditional olive tree product consumers or those refraining from sodium and fats. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Noureldein
- Department of Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M. A. I. Ch.), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Chania, Greece
| | - Spyros Grigorakis
- Department of Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M. A. I. Ch.), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Chania, Greece
| | - Abdessamie Kellil
- Department of Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M. A. I. Ch.), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Chania, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nenadis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vizzarri V, Ienco A, Benincasa C, Perri E, Pucci N, Cesari E, Novellis C, Rizzo P, Pellegrino M, Zaffina F, Lombardo L. Phenolic Extract from Olive Leaves as a Promising Endotherapeutic Treatment against Xylella fastidiosa in Naturally Infected Olea europaea (var. europaea) Trees. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1141. [PMID: 37627025 PMCID: PMC10452569 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Since 2013, the pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has been severely affecting olive production in Apulia, Italy, with consequences for the economy, local culture, landscape and biodiversity. The production of a phenolic extract from fresh olive leaves was employed for endotherapeutic injection into naturally infected olive trees by Xylella fastidiosa in Apulia region, Italy. (2) Methods: The effectiveness of the extract was tested in vitro and in planta in comparison with analogous treatments based on garlic powder and potassium phosphite. (3) Results: The uptake of phenolic compounds from olive leaves through a trunk injection system device resulted in a statistically significant increase in leaf area index and leaf area density, as well as in the growth of newly formed healthy shoots. Plant growth-promoting effects were also observed for potassium phosphite. Moreover, the bacteriostatic activities of the phenolic extract and of the garlic-powder-based solution have been demonstrated in in vitro tests. (4) Conclusions: The results obtained and the contained costs of extraction make the endotherapeutic treatment with phenolic compounds a promising strategy for controlling X fastidiosa to be tested on a larger scale, although the experiments conducted in this study proved not to be suitable for centenary trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vizzarri
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Annamaria Ienco
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Cinzia Benincasa
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Enzo Perri
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 00156 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Erica Cesari
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 00156 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Carmine Novellis
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Pierluigi Rizzo
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Massimiliano Pellegrino
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesco Zaffina
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Luca Lombardo
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Olive Leaf Processing for Infusion Purposes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030591. [PMID: 36766119 PMCID: PMC9914354 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive leaf is a by-product rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and triterpenic acids, with numerous biological activities for human health. Nowadays, the existence of dry olive leaves marketed for infusion elaboration is lacking. During the elaboration process, the drying and grinding stages are critical for the conservation of bioactive compounds, and, precisely, the existing research on olive leaf production procedures is quite scarce. This work aimed to study and model the dehydration process using a forced-air oven and infrared with air convection systems. In addition, different grinding grades were studied. The kinetic constant and activation energy during dehydration were obtained. Drying temperatures above 50 °C produced a decrease in the phenolic concentration of olive leaves; however, it has been observed that prior storage of 24 h at room temperature considerably reduced the loss of phenols. Likewise, it was observed that the higher the degree of grinding, the greater the diffusion of both bioactive compounds and colored compounds. Therefore, the drying and grinding stages were closely related to the content of beneficial compounds and the appearance of the infusions, and their optimization was of crucial importance to produce dried olive leaves rich in biocompounds for use as healthy infusions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechi D, Pérez-Nevado F, Montero-Fernández I, Baccouri B, Abaza L, Martín-Vertedor D. Evaluation of Tunisian Olive Leaf Extracts to Reduce the Bioavailability of Acrylamide in Californian-Style Black Olives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010117. [PMID: 36670979 PMCID: PMC9854615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was analyzing the use of olive leaf extracts (OLE) obtained from two local Tunisian olive tree cultivars 'Chemlali' and 'Sayali' to reduce the acrylamide in Californian-style black olives. The phenol profile, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of the two OLE extracts were evaluated. The principal phenols found were hydroxytyrosol (1809.6 ± 25.3 mg 100 g-1), oleuropein (2662.2 ± 38 mg 100 g-1) and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (438.4 ± 38 mg 100 g-1) presented higher levels in 'Sayali' variety. Small differences were observed between the two kinds of extracts used; the greatest activity of OLE was observed against S. choleraesuis, with values up to 50% inhibition. The extract of 'Chemlali' cultivar was added to the Californian-style table olive, improving its phenol content and its antioxidant characteristics without negatively affecting its sensorial characteristics; these olives showed the highest firmness and proper quality characteristics. The gastrointestinal activity on the acrylamide concentration showed a partial degradation of this compound through the digestion, although the addition of the extract does not seem influence in its gastrointestinal digestion. These findings prove the usefulness of by-products to generate a high-quality added-value product, and this would also be relevant as a step towards a more sustainable, circular economy model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Mechi
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Francisco Pérez-Nevado
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.-N.); (D.M.-V.); Tel.: +34-924-012-664 (D.M.-V.)
| | - Ismael Montero-Fernández
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Junta of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Bechir Baccouri
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Leila Abaza
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Daniel Martín-Vertedor
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Junta of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.-N.); (D.M.-V.); Tel.: +34-924-012-664 (D.M.-V.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Rahmana SNA, Abubshaitb SA, Abubshaitc HA, Elsharifb AM, Kamound M. The anti-aging, anti-tuberculosis and antioxidant potential benefits of Saudi Arabia Olea-Europaea Leaves extracts. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e270885. [PMID: 37132677 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive leaf extract and olive leaf indicated a high potential for application in food additives and foodstuffs. It could be these bio-products useful and important in condition therapy related with oxidative stress and can use it to develop functional foods and to improve the food's shelf life. The olive leaf chemical composition of Oleaeuropaea L. grown from eljouf in Saudi Arabia, using solvents of increasing polarity cyclohexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol was determined using by GC/MS. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), anti-aging, and anti-tuberculosis of olive leaf extracts were evaluated. The results indicated that extract of Oleaeuropaea L. has a considerable contains in polyphenols (hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and their derivatives) regarding its antioxidant effects, the major components were detected by GC/MS in Olea dichloromethane extract are Hexadecanoic acid (15.82%), 7(4Dimethylaminophenyl)3,3,12trimethyl3,12dihydro6 Hpyrano[2,3c]acridin 6 one (11.21%), and in Olea chloroform extract are Hexatriacontane (12.68%), nTetratr iacontane (10.95%). The results concluded that the plant extract of chloroform showed no anti-aging activities and the lower anti-aging activities for cyclohexane extract, while, the Olea dichloromethane extract was the most active extract. The obtained data confirmed that the most active extract of anti-tubercolisis was for chloroform and ethyl acetate extract, while, anti-tubercolisis activity of ethanolic extract was the lower. The extract amount as well as the solvent polarity influence the inhibitory activity. A favorable connection was demonstrated inter alia the leaf extracts antioxidant activity and the content of total phenol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Abd El-Rahmana
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Department of Crops Technology Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - S A Abubshaitb
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Abubshaitc
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Department of Basic Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Elsharifb
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Kamound
- Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Centre of Research and Water Technologies, Laboratory Water, Membrane and Environmental Biotechnology, Soliman, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Olive Leaf as a Source of Antibacterial Compounds Active against Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010026. [PMID: 36671227 PMCID: PMC9854969 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the main cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and broiler chicks are the main vector of transmission to humans. The high prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat and the increase of antibiotic resistant strains have raised the need to identify new antimicrobial agents. For this reason, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of two extracts of olive leaf against antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter strains (C. jejuni and C. coli) isolated from poultry food chain. The extracts of olive leaf (E1 and E2) were markedly different in their chemical compositions. While E1 was composed predominantly of highly hydrophilic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol glucosides (14,708 mg/100 g), E2 mainly contained moderately hydrophilic compounds, with oleuropein (20,471 mg/100 g) being prevalent. All Campylobacter strains exhibited similar antibiotic profiles, being resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. E1 showed strong antibacterial activity and reduced bacterial growth from 4.12 to 8.14 log CFU/mL, depending on the strain. Hydroxytyrosol was the main compound responsible, causing the inhibition of growth of Campylobacter strains at low concentrations (0.1-0.25 mg/mL). E2 demonstrated a lower antibacterial effect than E1, reducing growth from 0.52 to 2.49 log CFU/mL. The results of this study suggest that the optimization of the composition of olive-leaf extracts can provide improved treatment results against Campylobacter strains.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramírez EM, Brenes M, Romero C, Medina E. Chemical and Enzymatic Characterization of Leaves from Spanish Table Olive Cultivars. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233879. [PMID: 36496690 PMCID: PMC9738326 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are generated as by-products in the olive industry and contain substances with biological properties that provide health benefits. Although these compounds have been characterized in many leaves from olive cultivars devoted to olive oil extraction, few data are available on leaves from the processing of table olives. In this study, the concentration of polyphenols, triterpenic acids, sugars and enzymatic activities (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, β-glucosidase and esterase) were determined in the leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) of cvs. Aloreña, Cacereña, Empeltre, Hojiblanca, Manzanilla, Verdial, Gordal and Morona. The mean total phenolic content in olive leaves reached 75.58 g/kg fresh weight, and oleuropein was the main polyphenol identified (89.7-96.5%). The main triterpenic acid identified was oleanolic acid, and the main sugar was mannitol, with mean values of 15.83 and 22.31 g/kg, respectively. However, the content of these biocompounds was influenced by the type of cultivar and the orchards of origin. The highest oleuropein content was found in the Manzanilla variety, while the Gordal had the highest triterpene and mannitol content. In particular, the phenolic content could also be affected by endogenous enzymatic activities. High polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and β-glucosidase activity and low esterase activity were detected, compared to the fruit. Similar to the phenolic compounds, enzymatic activities varied with the harvesting season. The lowest phenolic content corresponded to the highest polyphenol oxidase activity detected during spring. The rest of the enzymatic activities also varied throughout the year, but no common trend was observed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Grubić Kezele T, Ćurko-Cofek B. Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties. Nutrients 2022; 14:4533. [PMID: 36364796 PMCID: PMC9654510 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality, long-term disability, and social and economic burden. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for medical treatment. Numerous evidences support the beneficial effects of polyphenols from olive trees, which can alleviate or even prevent demyelination, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular diseases, and stroke. Polyphenols from olive oils, especially extra virgin olive oil, olive leaves, olive leaf extract, and from other olive tree derivatives, alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, two major factors in demyelination. In addition, they reduce the risk of stroke due to their multiple anti-stroke effects, such as anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-thrombotic effects. In addition, olive polyphenols have beneficial effects on the plasma lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. This review provides an updated version of the beneficial properties and mechanisms of action of olive polyphenols against demyelination in the prevention/mitigation of multiple sclerosis, the most common non-traumatic neurological cause of impairment in younger adults, and against cerebral insult with increasing incidence, that has already reached epidemic proportions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Šimat V, Skroza D, Tabanelli G, Čagalj M, Pasini F, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Fernández-Fernández C, Sterniša M, Smole Možina S, Ozogul Y, Generalić Mekinić I. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extracts from Six Mediterranean Olive Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091656. [PMID: 36139730 PMCID: PMC9495989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic olive leaf extracts from six Mediterranean olive cultivars (Croatian: Lastovka, Levantinka, Oblica; Italian: Moraiolo, Frantoio, Nostrana di Brisighella) were investigated. As expected, various distributions of phenolic levels were observed for each cultivar and the total phenolic content showed high variability (ranging from 4 to 22 mg GAE/g of dry extract), with the highest amount of phenolics found in the Oblica sample, which also provided the highest antiradical (ORAC) and reducing activity (FRAP). The screening of individual compounds was performed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS and the main detected compounds were oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, oleoside/secologanoside, verbascoside, rutin, luteolin glucoside, hydroxyoleuropein, and ligstroside. While the antioxidant activity of the samples was relatively high, they showed no bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against E. coli and S. Typhimurium; weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria innocua; and inhibitory effects against Campylobacter jejuni at 0.5 mg dry extract/mL. The obtained results support the fact that olive leaf extracts, and especially those from the Oblica cultivar, could potentially be applied in various industries as natural preservatives and effective and inexpensive sources of valuable antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Šimat
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21510192
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Čagalj
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Federica Pasini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Meta Sterniša
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Valorization of the Photo-Protective Potential of the Phytochemically Standardized Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Leaf Extract in UVA-Irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165144. [PMID: 36014384 PMCID: PMC9415354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Olea europaea are a by-product of the olive oil industry and a dietary supplement with acknowledged antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but underestimated photoprotective potential. We investigated the protective effects of the LC-PDA-MS/MS standardized ethanol-water extract of olive leaves (OLE), containing 26.2% total phenols and 22.2% oleuropein, with underlying mechanisms against the UVA-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Hs68 cells were pre-treated (24 h) with OLE (2.5-25 μg/mL) or the reference antioxidants, quercetin and ascorbic acid (25 μg/mL), followed by irradiation (8 J/cm2). OLE significantly reduced the UVA-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and increased the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) expression and post-radiation viability of fibroblasts by inhibiting their apoptosis. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways appeared to be inhibited by OLE, but the activity of caspase 9 was the most reduced. We hypothesized that the TrxR up-regulation by OLE could have prevented the UVA-induced apoptosis of Hs68 cells. In addition, a significant decrease in UVA-induced secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was shown in human lymphocyte culture in response to OLE treatment. In summary, our results support the beneficial effect of OLE in an in vitro model and indicate its great potential for use in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as a topical photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
|
18
|
GÖZÜPEK K, OTAĞ MR. The Effects of Olive Leaf Addition and Storage Conditions on the Bioactive Components and Some Quality Parameters of “Patos” Olive Oils. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kübra GÖZÜPEK
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Giresun University Giresun Turkey
| | - Mustafa R. OTAĞ
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Giresun University Giresun Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols that have beneficial antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of conventional extraction (CE), microwave-assisted extraction (MWE), and microwave–ultrasound-assisted extraction (MWUE) for the extraction of bioactive molecules from olive leaves using water as a solvent and to define the optimal extraction conditions for all three methods used. CE conditions (temperature, time, magnetic stirrer rotational rate and particle diameter) and MWE extraction and MWUE conditions (microwave power, time, particle diameter, and temperature) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken experimental design. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of all prepared extracts was analyzed and compared. The results showed that MWUE provided the highest amount of total polyphenols (Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) = 273.779 ± 4.968 mgGAE gd.m.−1) and the highest antioxidant activity, which was about 3.1 times higher than CE. Optimal extraction conditions were determined to be 80 °C, 15 min, 200 μm, and 750 min-1 for CE, 700 W, 7.5 min, 300 μm, and 80 °C for MWE, and 800 W, 5 min, 100 μm, and 60 °C for MWUE. Considering the maximum amount of total polyphenols extracted, the results suggest that MWUE is the most effective green extraction process that extracted the highest amount of polyphenols and could be used by the food industry for commercial exploitation of currently unprofitable plant bioactive sources.
Collapse
|
20
|
Innovative Extraction Technologies for Development of Functional Ingredients Based on Polyphenols from Olive Leaves. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010103. [PMID: 35010227 PMCID: PMC8750173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europea L.) leaves represent around 10% of the total weight of olives arriving at any given mill, which are generally discarded, causing economic and environmental issues. However, these are rich sources of natural bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols), which have health-promoting potential. Thus, the valorization of olive leaves by recovering and reusing their components should be a must for food sustainability and circular economy. This review provides an insight into the principal polyphenols present in olive leaves, together with agronomic variables influencing their content. It also summarizes the recent advances in the application of novel extraction technologies that have shown promising extraction efficacy, reducing the volume of extraction solvent and saving time and cost. Moreover, potential industrial uses and international patents filed in the pharmaceutic, food, and cosmetic sectors are discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Grabska-Zielińska S, Gierszewska M, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Bouaziz M. Polylactide Films with the Addition of Olive Leaf Extract-Physico-Chemical Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7623. [PMID: 34947221 PMCID: PMC8706180 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to obtain and characterize polylactide films (PLA) with the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a plasticizer and chloroformic olive leaf extract (OLE). The composition of OLE was characterized by LC-MS/MS techniques. The films with the potential for using in the food packaging industry were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. The total content of the phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging assay of all the obtained materials have been tested. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) allows for determining the molecular structure, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated differences in the films' surface morphology. Among other crucial properties, mechanical properties, thickness, degree of crystallinity, water vapor permeation rate (WVPR), and color change have also been evaluated. The results showed that OLE contains numerous active substances, including phenolic compounds, and PLA/PEG/OLE films are characterized by improved antioxidant properties. The OLE addition into PLA/PEG increases the material crystallinity, while the WVPR values remain almost unaffected. From these studies, significant insight was gained into the possibility of the application of chloroform as a solvent for both olive leaf extraction and for the preparation of OLE, PLA, and PEG-containing film-forming solutions. Finally, evaporation of the solvent from OLE can be omitted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Gierszewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Electrochemistry and Environmental Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martínez-Navarro ME, Cebrián-Tarancón C, Oliva J, Salinas MR, Alonso GL. Oleuropein Degradation Kinetics in Olive Leaf and Its Aqueous Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121963. [PMID: 34943066 PMCID: PMC8750354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although olives leaves are currently considered a waste material from oil mills, they have great potential to be transformed into by-products due to their high oleuropein content. Oleuropein is a glycoside precursor of hydroxytyrosol, which is the phenolic compound with the highest antioxidant capacity in nature and which is associated with multiple health benefits. For this reason, the demand for oleuropein is growing in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food sectors. The objective of this study is to determine the stability of oleuropein in olive leaves from oil mills in solid and aqueous forms under different conditions of temperature, relative humidity and lighting. The results indicate that the degradation of oleuropein conforms well to first-order kinetics. The rate constants at the temperatures tested in the aqueous extracts indicate activation energies from RTl to 80 °C and from 7 °C to 14 °C, as the degradation reactions were different in these ranges. Furthermore, olive leaf powder stored at any temperature with an RH ≥ 57% showed greater stability after six months, which is an encouraging result for the storage and transformation of this waste in oil mills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Martínez-Navarro
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.E.M.-N.); (C.C.-T.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Cristina Cebrián-Tarancón
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.E.M.-N.); (C.C.-T.); (M.R.S.)
| | - José Oliva
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - María Rosario Salinas
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.E.M.-N.); (C.C.-T.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Gonzalo L. Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.E.M.-N.); (C.C.-T.); (M.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-967-599210; Fax: +34-967-599238
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Majewski GP, Singh S, Bojanowski K. Olive leaf-derived PPAR agonist complex induces collagen IV synthesis in human skin models. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:662-676. [PMID: 34661292 PMCID: PMC9298265 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are known to modulate the synthesis of dermal lipids and proteins including collagens. Olive (Olea europaea) leaves have been reported to contain PPAR‐binding ligands. Collagen IV, a major dermal‐epidermal junction (DEJ) protein, degrades with both age and disease. Here, we report the formulation of a novel multi‐ligand complex, Linefade, and its effects on collagen IV synthesis. Methods Linefade prepared from the leaves of Olea europaea contains 2% w/w plant extract solids dissolved in a mixture of glyceryl monoricinoleate and dimethyl isosorbide. In silico docking was performed with PPAR‐α (PDB ID: 2P54). Linefade was evaluated for PPAR‐α‐dependent transcription in a luciferase reporter assay system. Cell viability and collagen IV levels in human dermal fibroblast cultures were measured using the MTT method and ELISA assay, respectively. Transcriptome analysis was conducted on a full‐thickness reconstituted human skin (EpiDermFT) model. Ex vivo cell viability and collagen IV immunostaining were performed on human skin explants. Results In silico docking model of the major constituents (oleanolic acid and glyceryl monoricinoleate) produced a co‐binding affinity of −6.7 Kcal/mole. Linefade significantly increased PPAR‐α transcriptional activity in CHO cells and collagen IV synthesis in adult human dermal fibroblasts. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 1% Linefade modulated the expression of 280 genes with some related to epidermal differentiation, DEJ, PPAR, Nrf2 and retinoid pathways. An ex vivo human explant study showed that 1% Linefade, delivered via a triglycerides excipient, increased collagen IV levels along the dermal–epidermal junction by 52%. Conclusion In silico modelling and in vitro and ex vivo analyses confirmed Linefade‐mediated activation of PPAR‐α and stimulation of collagen IV synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Smrita Singh
- Creative Bioinformatics and Science, Morna, District Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nunes A, Marto J, Gonçalves L, Martins AM, Fraga C, Ribeiro HM. Potential therapeutic of olive oil industry by‐products in skin health: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Nunes
- Faculty of Pharmacy Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa) Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Joana Marto
- Faculty of Pharmacy Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa) Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Lídia Gonçalves
- Faculty of Pharmacy Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa) Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa) Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Carmo Fraga
- Sovena Portugal – Consumer Goods S.A., com sede em Rua Dr. António Borges no 2 Edifício Arquiparque 2 – 3° andar Algés 1495‐131 Portugal
| | - Helena Margarida Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa) Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdelkarem HM, El-Sherif MA, Gomma SB, Kassem SS, Abdelkader MM. Olive Leaf Powder Modulate Insulin Production and Circulating Adipokines in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:550-565. [PMID: 34114942 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1914267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Olives (Olea europaea) have natural phytochemical compounds that are of great importance for their potential beneficially health effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of olive leaf powder (OLP) on insulin production and circulating adipokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty Wistar-albino male rats, weighing 200-225 g were divided into four groups (n = 10); group I: Normal healthy rats received balanced diet; group II: Diabetic control rats receiving balanced diet; group III: Diabetic rats receiving balanced diet + standard antidiabetic drugs (metformin, 600 mg/bw) and group four: Diabetic rats received diet supplemented with 2.0% OLP. The experiment was conducted for four weeks. Our results showed that the consumption of 2.0% OLP decreased serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, whereas serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was increased. OLP supplementation also inhibited the atherogenic index [AI; log (TG/HDL-C) and atherogenic coefficient (AC)] levels relative to those of the untreated diabetic group. Moreover, OLP increased serum adiponectin concentration, and decreased serum leptin concentration. Liver and kidney functions were also attenuated by OLP. This finding also implies that OLP can play an important role in the treatment and delay of diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Abdelkarem
- Chemistry Department, Science College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat A El-Sherif
- Chemistry Department, Science College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Food Technology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar B Gomma
- Biochemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Industrial Exhausted Olive Pomace through Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060514. [PMID: 34200626 PMCID: PMC8229622 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) is the main residue of the pomace oil extraction industry, which is generated in large quantities and has limited applications. Thus, this study aimed to obtain bioactive compounds from EOP using ultrasound-assisted extraction as a potential first valorization step. Two types of devices were tested: bath- and probe-type UAE. The operational parameters were studied and optimized to maximize the antioxidant compounds. In particular, hydroxytyrosol was the main phenolic compound identified and its content was 5.16 mg/g EOP (bath-type UAE) and 4.96 mg/g EOP (probe-type UAE). Mannitol was also detected in the extract, 59.53 mg/g EOP (bath-type UAE) and 69.73 mg/g EOP (probe-type UAE). The results highlight the great potential EOP has as a source of bioactive compounds, with applicability in several sectors. Moreover, the probe-type UAE shows potential to be applied for obtaining these bioactive compounds in a continuous and faster manner. Abstract Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) is the main agro-industrial waste of the olive pomace extracting industries. It contains phenolic compounds and mannitol, so the extraction of these bioactive compounds should be considered as a first valorization step, especially if EOP is used as biofuel. Therefore, EOP was subjected to bath-type ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and the effects of the acetone concentration (20–80%, v/v), solid load (2–15%, w/v), and extraction time (10–60 min) on the extraction of antioxidant compounds were evaluated according to a Box–Behnken experimental design. By means of the response surface methodology, the optimum conditions were obtained: 40% acetone, 8.6% solids, and 43 min. For all the extracts, the total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) were determined. With the aim of shortening the extraction time, a two-level factorial experiment design was also carried out using a probe-type UAE, keeping the solid load at 8.6% (w/v) and the acetone concentration at 40% (v/v), while the amplitude (30–70%) and the extraction time (2–12 min) were varied to maximize the aforementioned parameters. Finally, a maximum of phenolic compounds was reached (45.41 mg GAE/g EOP) at 12 min and 70% amplitude. It was comparable to that value obtained in the ultrasonic bath (42.05 mg GAE/g EOP), but, remarkably, the extraction time was shortened, which translates into lower costs at industrial scale. Moreover, the bioactive compound hydroxytyrosol was found to be the major phenolic compound in the extract, i.e., 5.16 mg/g EOP (bath-type UAE) and 4.96 mg/g EOP (probe-type UAE). Other minor phenolic compounds could be detected by capillary zone electrophoresis and liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry. The sugar alcohol mannitol, another bioactive compound, was also found in the extract, and its content was determined. Thus, the use of this technology can support the valorization of this waste to obtain bioactive compounds, including mannitol, hydroxytyrosol, and other derivatives, before being applied for other uses.
Collapse
|
27
|
Omagari K, Koba C, Nagata A, Ngo LCT, Yamasaki M, Fukuda A, Yuasa M, Suruga K, Inada N, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Tsuneyama K. Olive leaf powder prevents nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Sprague–Dawley rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
28
|
Is the Household Microwave Recommended to Obtain Antioxidant-Rich Extracts from Lycium barbarum Leaves? Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, much interest is devoted to the extraction of plant materials, considering also their waste and by-products, to obtain antioxidant-rich products. The effect of household microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum leaf extracts was investigated. An experimental design approach was adopted considering solid/liquid ratio (1, 3, and 5 g of leaves in 150 mL water), irradiation time (1, 3, and 5 min), and microwave power (300, 400, and 500 W) as independent variables. These three factors and their interactions were studied to evaluate the effect of MAE conditions on the responses of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and chlorogenic acid content. The results showed that the analytical parameters were positively influenced by the solid/liquid ratio and time. On the contrary, microwave power was inversely correlated with the investigated responses. This research revealed that microwave extraction conditions should be carefully monitored to obtain bioactive-rich aqueous extracts with high antioxidant activity. A comparison with household traditional methods showed an unexpected lower phenolic content and antioxidant activity for MAE extract in respect to the decoction and infusion. In fact, it was found that L. barbarum leaf infusion had the best functional properties, regarding the investigated characteristics. The outcome of this study has implications for raising awareness that household preparation conditions strongly affect the health properties of herbal extracts.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bayraktar O, Galanakis CM, Aldawoud TMS, Ibrahim SA, Köse MD, Uslu ME. Utilization of Eggshell Membrane and Olive Leaf Extract for the Preparation of Functional Materials. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040806. [PMID: 33918539 PMCID: PMC8069921 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural proteinaceous by-product of the food industry, especially in the pasteurized egg industry, resulting in the availability of much discarded egg waste. In the literature, eggshell (ES) and ESM usage for their adsorbent properties to remove various organic and inorganic hazardous chemicals, especially from wastewater, has gained interest. In addition, agricultural (olive leaf) and food industry (eggshell and eggshell membrane) waste can together be valorized to produce value-added functional products. This study’s objective was to evaluate the eggshell membrane’s loading capacity for bioactive compounds obtained from olive leaf extract (OLE) in order to prepare functional biomaterial. In this study, waste eggshell membranes were used to adsorb the phenolic compounds from olive leaf extract to design functional biomaterials. Using the foam separation method, both separation of the eggshell membrane and adsorption of bioactive compounds to the eggshell membrane were achieved simultaneously. The characterization studies showed that OLE was successfully adsorbed to the eggshell membrane. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial studies showed that prepared OLE-loaded membranes were functional materials with bioactive properties. In conclusion, ESM was determined as a promising protein in the production of functional antioxidative and antimicrobial food or dietary supplement after the adsorption of bioactive olive leaf polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Bayraktar
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-311-5821; Fax: +90-232-388-7776
| | - Charis M. Galanakis
- Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, 73131 Chania, Greece;
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Turki M. S. Aldawoud
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Merve Deniz Köse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Emin Uslu
- Department of Bioengineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang M, Zhang S, Zhong R, Wan F, Chen L, Liu L, Yi B, Zhang H. Olive Fruit Extracts Supplement Improve Antioxidant Capacity via Altering Colonic Microbiota Composition in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:645099. [PMID: 33889594 PMCID: PMC8055859 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.645099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, one of the most common biological dysfunctions, is usually associated with pathological conditions and multiple diseases in humans and animals. Chinese olive fruit (Canarium album L.) extracts (OE) are natural plant extracts rich in polyphenols (such as hydroxytyrosol, HT) and with antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-inflammatory potentials. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant capacity of OE supplementation and its related molecular mechanism in mice. Mice (25.46 ± 1.65 g) were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) OE or saline solution for 4 weeks, and then the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of mice were examined. The results showed that OE supplement significantly increased the serum antioxidative enzyme activities of total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase and decreased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, indicating that OE treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity in mice. qPCR results showed that the transcriptional expression of antioxidant SOD1, CAT, Gpx1, and Gpx2 were significantly down-regulated in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) after OE administration. Meanwhile, OE treatment significantly decreased the T-AOC and increased the MDA level in the small intestine. Furthermore, OE administration dramatically reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), which confirmed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities with OE administration. Using amplicon sequencing technology, 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that OE supplement significantly increased the colonic Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which also had a negative correlation with the serum MDA level and positively correlated with serum GSH-Px activity through Pearson correlation analysis. Besides that, Alloprevotella was negatively correlated with serum T-AOC. Colidextribacter was positively correlated with serum MDA and negatively correlated with serum T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px levels. In summary, this study showed that treatment with 100 mg/kg BW polyphenol-rich OE could alter colonic microbiota community, which was strongly associated with improved antioxidant capacity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Faccioli LS, Klein MP, Borges GR, Dalanhol CS, Machado ICK, Garavaglia J, Dal Bosco SM. Development of crackers with the addition of olive leaf flour (Olea europaea L.): Chemical and sensory characterization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Martínez-Navarro EM, Cebrián-Tarancón C, Moratalla-López N, Lorenzo C, Alonso GL, Salinas RM. Development and validation of an HPLC-DAD method for determination of oleuropein and other bioactive compounds in olive leaf by-products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1447-1453. [PMID: 32839982 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil mills could benefit by preparing their own aqueous extracts from olive leaves. Accordingly, the present study aimed to measure the bioactive compounds richness of such extracts, especially oleuropein. A water-based microwave extraction procedure was developed and a selective and precise high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was validated for the determination of oleuropein and others bioactive compounds from olive leaves. RESULTS The water solubility of oleuropein was determined to be 9.5 g L-1 . The extraction procedure was optimized in terms of power, olive leaf weight/water volume ratio and time of extraction, and the results revealed that 2 mg mL-1 and a microwave irradiation at 800 W for 30 s resulted in the greatest efficiency. Oleuropein was determined by the new validation method, which showed good linearity (r2 = 0.996), precision (% relative standard deviation < 10%), recovery (118.6%), and limits of detection (17.48 mg L-1 ) and quantification (21.54 mg L-1 ). Good correlation (r2 = 0.979) was obtained between oleuropein of the olive leaf extracts determined by HPLC-DAD and by UV-visible spectrophotometry. CONCLUSION A simple extraction method was developed and validated to obtain aqueous extract from olive leaves by microwave extraction, determining for the first time oleuropein water solubility. Validation of the method showed that oleuropein in olive leaves could be quantified when it is at least 1% of dry weight by means of HPLC-DAD. UV-visible spectrophotometry can be useful in oil mills because it enables the content of oleuropein and other bioactive compounds content to be determined in situ in such leaf aqueous extracts. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Martínez-Navarro
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristina Cebrián-Tarancón
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - Natalia Moratalla-López
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - Cándida Lorenzo
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - Gonzalo L Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rosario M Salinas
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Albacete, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thangavel N, Al Bratty M, Al Hazmi HA, Najmi A, Ali Alaqi RO. Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Aided Virtual Search of OliveNet™ Directory for Secoiridoids to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hyperinflammatory Responses. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:627767. [PMID: 33490110 PMCID: PMC7817976 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.627767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics aided virtual search of OliveNet™ directory identified potential secoiridoids that combat SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and associated hyperinflammatory responses. OliveNet™ is an active directory of phytochemicals obtained from different parts of the olive tree, Olea europaea (Oleaceae). Olive oil, olive fruits containing phenolics, known for their health benefits, are indispensable in the Mediterranean and Arabian diets. Secoiridoids is the largest group of olive phenols and is exclusive to the olive fruits. Functional food like olive fruits could help prevent and alleviate viral disease at an affordable cost. A systematized virtual search of 932 conformers of 78 secoiridoids utilizing Autodock Vina, followed by precision docking using Idock and Smina indicated that Nüzhenide oleoside (NZO), Oleuropein dimer (OED), and Dihydro oleuropein (DHO) blocked the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-ACE-2 interface; Demethyloleuropein (DMO), Neo-nüzhenide (NNZ), and Nüzhenide (NZE) blocked the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the NZO-S-protein-ACE-2 complex by Desmond revealed stability during 50 ns. RMSD of the NZO-S-protein-ACE-2 complex converged at 2.1 Å after 20 ns. During MD, the interaction fractions confirmed multiple interactions of NZO with Lys417, a crucial residue for inhibition of S protein. MD of DMO-Mpro complex proved its stability as the RMSD converged at 1.6 Å. Analysis of interactions during MD confirmed the interaction of Cys145 of Mpro with DMO and, thus, its inhibition. The docking predicted IC50 of NZO and DMO was 11.58 and 6.44 μM, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics of inhibition of the S protein and Mpro by NZO and DMO correlated well. Docking of the six-hit secoiridoids to IL1R, IL6R, and TNFR1, the receptors of inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6, and TNFα, revealed the anti-inflammatory potential except for DHO. Due to intricate structures, the secoiridoids violated Lipinski's rule of five. However, the drug scores of secoiridoids supported their use as drugs. The ADMET predictions implied that the secoiridoids are non-toxic and pose low oral absorption. Secoiridoids need further optimization and are a suitable lead for the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. For the moment, olive secoiridoids presents an accessible mode of prevention and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Effect of Blanching on Phytochemical Content and Bioactivity of Hypochaeris and Hyoseris Species (Asteraceae), Vegetables Traditionally Used in Southern Italy. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010032. [PMID: 33374396 PMCID: PMC7824150 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of blanching on the phytochemical content and bioactivity of Hypochaeris laevigata (HL), Hypochaeris radicata (HR), Hyoseris radiata (HRA), and Hyoseris lucida subsp. taurina (HT) leaves was studied and compared to fresh plant materials and residual blanching water. For this purpose, total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophyll contents were quantified. The antioxidant effect was investigated by using different in vitro tests (β-carotene, ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), whereas the potential inhibitory activity of key enzymes linked to obesity was screened against lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Generally, the phytochemical content followed the trend: fresh > blanching water > blanched samples. The same trend was observed in the antioxidant activity independently of the applied test as well as in the inhibition of lipase and carbohydrates-hydrolysing enzymes. In particular, fresh Hypochaeris laevigata (HL1) showed the lowest inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values of 31.3 and 42.7 μg/mL, against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively, whereas fresh Hyoseris radiata (HRA1) showed the most promising hypolipidemic activity (IC50 value of 39.8 μg/mL). Collectively, these results support the health effect of these wild plants and demonstrated that blanching water should be reused in food preparation since it is a good source of bioactive compounds and its consumption should be recommended in order to increase the uptake of micronutrients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Metabolic profile of olive leaves of different cultivars and collection times. Food Chem 2020; 345:128758. [PMID: 33348131 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the appreciable amounts of bioactive compounds in olive leaves and the effect of abiotic stresses on their synthesis, this study evaluated the metabolic profile of leaves of olive cultivars (Arbequina, Manzanilla and Picual) collected in four periods of the year (autumn, winter, spring and summer). The determination of the profile of bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids and chlorophylls) by spectrophotometry and the individual compounds by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrum, as well as antioxidant potential tests were performed. As results it was possible to observe that the leaves of the cultivar Manzanilla presented the highest levels of phenolic compounds and that the leaves collected in the summer presented a number of compounds much more relevant than the others. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the cultivar and the collection season significantly affect the bioactive content and the antioxidant potential of olive leaves.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kritikou E, Kalogiouri NP, Kolyvira L, Thomaidis NS. Target and Suspect HRMS Metabolomics for the Determination of Functional Ingredients in 13 Varieties of Olive Leaves and Drupes from Greece. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214889. [PMID: 33105803 PMCID: PMC7660111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The huge interest in the health-related properties of foods to improve health has brought about the development of sensitive analytical methods for the characterization of natural products with functional ingredients. Greek olive leaves and drupes constitute a valuable source of biophenols with functional properties. A novel ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analytical method was developed to identify biophenols through target and suspect screening in Greek olive leaves and drupes of the varieties: Koroneiki, Throumbolia, Konservolia, Koutsourelia, Kalamon, Petrolia, Amigdalolia, Megaritiki, Mastoeidis, Agouromanakolia, Agrilia, Adramitiani and Kolovi. The method's performance was evaluated using the target compounds: oleuropein, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. The analytes demonstrated satisfactory recovery efficiency for both leaves (85.9-90.5%) and drupes (89.7-92.5%). Limits of detection (LODs) were relatively low over the range 0.038 (oleuropein)-0.046 (hydroxytyrosol) and 0.037 (oleuropein)-0.048 (hydroxytyrosol) for leaves and drupes, respectively For leaves, the precision limit ranged between 4.7 and 5.8% for intra-day and between 5.8 and 6.5% for inter-day experiments, and for drupes, it ranged between 3.8 and 5.2% for intra-day and between 5.1 and 6.2% for inter-day experiments, establishing the good precision of the method. The regression coefficient (r2) was above 0.99 in all cases. Furthermore, the preparation of herbal tea from olive leaves is suggested after investigating the optimum infusion time of dried leaves in boiling water. Overall, 10 target and 36 suspect compounds were determined in leaves, while seven targets and thirty-three suspects were identified in drupes, respectively.
Collapse
|