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Lienemann S, Boda U, Mohammadi M, Zhou T, Petsagkourakis I, Kim N, Tybrandt K. Exploring the Elastomer Influence on the Electromechanical Performance of Stretchable Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38365-38376. [PMID: 38981059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics has received major attention in recent years due to the prospects of integrating electronics onto and into the human body. While many studies investigate how different conductive fillers perform in stretchable composites, the effect of different elastomers on composite performance, and the related fundamental understanding of what is causing the performance differences, is poorly understood. Here, we perform a systematic investigation of the elastomer influence on the electromechanical performance of gold nanowire-based stretchable conductors based on five chemically different elastomers of similar Young's modulus. The choice of elastomer has a huge impact on the electromechanical performance of the conductors under cyclic strain, as some composites perform well, while others fail rapidly at 100% strain cycling. The lack of macroscopic crack formation in the failing composites indicates that the key aspect for good electromechanical performance is not homogeneous films on the macroscale but rather beneficial interactions on the nanoscale. Based on the comprehensive characterization, we propose a failure mechanism related to the mechanical properties of the elastomers. By improving our understanding of elastomer influence on the mechanisms of electrical failure, we can move toward rational material design, which could greatly benefit the field of stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lienemann
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Boda
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Bio- and Organic Electronics Unit, RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, 602 33 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tunhe Zhou
- Stockholm University Brain Imaging Centre (SUBIC), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Petsagkourakis
- Bio- and Organic Electronics Unit, RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, 602 33 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Nara Kim
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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2
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Yan W, Liu A, Luo Y, Chen Z, Wu G, Chen J, Huang Q, Yang Y, Ye M, Guo W. A Highly Sensitive and Stretchable Core-Shell Fiber Sensor for Gesture Recognition and Surface Pressure Distribution Monitoring. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400109. [PMID: 38594026 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This work reports a highly-strain flexible fiber sensor with a core-shell structure utilizes a unique swelling diffusion technique to infiltrate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the surface layer of Ecoflex fibers. Compared with traditional blended Ecoflex/CNTs fibers, this manufacturing process ensures that the sensor maintains the mechanical properties (923% strain) of the Ecoflex fiber while also improving sensitivity (gauge factor is up to 3716). By adjusting the penetration time during fabrication, the sensor can be customized for different uses. As an application demonstration, the fiber sensor is integrated into the glove to develop a wearable gesture language recognition system with high sensitivity and precision. Additionally, the authors successfully monitor the pressure distribution on the curved surface of a soccer ball by winding the fiber sensor along the ball's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Yan
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Jiujiang, 332000, P. R. China
| | - Andeng Liu
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Jiujiang, 332000, P. R. China
| | - Yingjin Luo
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Jiujiang, 332000, P. R. China
| | - Zhuomin Chen
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Guoxu Wu
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Jiujiang, 332000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Meidan Ye
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Guo
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Jiujiang, 332000, P. R. China
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3
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Zhong W, Wang D, Ke Y, Ming X, Jiang H, Li J, Li M, Chen Q, Wang D. Multi-Layer Polyurethane-Fiber-Prepared Entangled Strain Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity and Working Range for Human Motion Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1023. [PMID: 38674943 PMCID: PMC11053417 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The entanglement of fibers can form physical and topological structures, with the resulting bending and stretching strains causing localized changes in pressure. In this study, a multi-layer polyurethane-fiber-prepared (MPF) sensor was developed by coating the CNT/PU sensing layer on the outside of an elastic electrode through a wet-film method. The entangled topology of two MPFs was utilized to convert the stretching strain into localized pressure at the contact area, enabling the perception of stretching strain. The influence of coating mechanical properties and surface structure on strain sensing performance was investigated. A force regulator was introduced to regulate the mechanical properties of the entangled topology of MPF. By modifying the thickness and length proportion of the force regulator, the sensitivity factor and sensitivity range of the sensor could be controlled, achieving a high sensitivity factor of up to 127.74 and a sensitivity range of up to 58%. Eight sensors were integrated into a sensor array and integrated into a dance costume, successfully monitoring the multi-axis motion of the dancer's lumbar spine. This provides a new approach for wearable biomechanical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (W.Z.); (D.W.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Daiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (W.Z.); (D.W.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yiming Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.K.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaojuan Ming
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.K.); (X.M.)
| | - Haiqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (W.Z.); (D.W.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (W.Z.); (D.W.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (W.Z.); (D.W.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (W.Z.); (D.W.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.K.); (X.M.)
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4
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Hannigan BC, Cuthbert TJ, Ahmadizadeh C, Menon C. Distributed sensing along fibers for smart clothing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9708. [PMID: 38507488 PMCID: PMC10954209 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Textile sensors transform our everyday clothing into a means to track movement and biosignals in a completely unobtrusive way. One major hindrance to the adoption of "smart" clothing is the difficulty encountered with connections and space when scaling up the number of sensors. There is a lack of research addressing a key limitation in wearable electronics: Connections between rigid and textile elements are often unreliable, and they require interfacing sensors in a way incompatible with textile mass production methods. We introduce a prototype garment, compact readout circuit, and algorithm to measure localized strain along multiple regions of a fiber. We use a helical auxetic yarn sensor with tunable sensitivity along its length to selectively respond to strain signals. We demonstrate distributed sensing in clothing, monitoring arm joint angles from a single continuous fiber. Compared to optical motion capture, we achieve around five degrees error in reconstructing shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C. Hannigan
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tyler J. Cuthbert
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chakaveh Ahmadizadeh
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Menon
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Jeong YH, Kwon M, Shin S, Lee J, Kim KS. Biomedical Applications of CNT-Based Fibers. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:137. [PMID: 38534244 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as emerging materials in various applications. However, the range of biomedical applications is limited due to the aggregation and potential toxicity of powder-type CNTs. To overcome these issues, techniques to assemble them into various macroscopic structures, such as one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional films, and three-dimensional aerogels, have been developed. Among them, carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) is a one-dimensional aggregate of CNTs, which can be used to solve the potential toxicity problem of individual CNTs. Furthermore, since it has unique properties due to the one-dimensional nature of CNTs, CNTF has beneficial potential for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the biomedical applications using CNTF, such as the detection of biomolecules or signals for biosensors, strain sensors for wearable healthcare devices, and tissue engineering for regenerating human tissues. In addition, by considering the challenges and perspectives of CNTF for biomedical applications, the feasibility of CNTF in biomedical applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ho Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegeun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Organic Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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6
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Zhou J, Zhao S, Tang L, Zhang D, Sheng B. Programmable and Weldable Superelastic EGaIn/TPU Composite Fiber by Wet Spinning for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38031357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
As an essential component of flexible electronics, superelastic conductive fibers with good mechanical and electrical properties have drawn significant attention, especially in their preparation. In this study, we prepared a superelastic conductive fiber composed of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by simple wet spinning. The composite conductive fiber with a liquid metal (LM) content of 85 wt % achieved a maximum strain at a break of 659.2%, and after the conductive pathway in the porous structure of the composite fibers was fully activated, high conductivity (1.2 × 105 S/m) was achieved with 95 wt % LM by mechanical sintering and training processes. The prepared conductive fibers exhibited a stable resistive response as the fibers were strained and could be sewn into fabrics and used as wearable strain sensors to monitor various human motions. These conductive fibers can be molded into helical by heating, and they have excellent electrical properties at a maximum mechanical strain of 3400% (resistance change <0.27%) with a helical index of 11. Moreover, the conductive fibers can be welded to various two or three-dimensional conductors. In summary, with a scalable manufacturing process, weldability, superelasticity, and high electrical conductivity, EGaIn/TPU composite fibers fabricated by wet spinning have considerable potential for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhou
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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7
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Chen C, Wang J, Xu Z, Chen N, Wang F. Highly stretchable, self-healable and adhesive, thermal responsive conductive hydrogel loading nanocellulose complex for a flexible sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125595. [PMID: 37394214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, with the widespread concerns of smart soft sensors in wearable electronics, human health detection and electronic skin, flexible conductive hydrogels have been extensively studied. However, it remains a great challenge to develop hydrogels that have both satisfactory mechanical performance with stretchable and compressible and high conductive. Herein, based on synergistic dynamic hydrogen and metal coordination bonds, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels doped with polypyrrole decorated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs@PPy) are developed via free radical polymerization. The loading versatile CNFs@PPy highlighted the complex hydrogels super-stretchability (approximately 2600 % elongation) and excellent toughness (2.74 MJ/m3) properties to tensile deformation, strong compressive strength (1.96 MPa), fast temperature responsiveness and outstanding strain sensing capability (GF = 3.13). Moreover, the PHEMA/PVA/CNFs@PPy hydrogels possessed rapid self-healing and powerful adhesive abilities to various interfaces without extra assistance, as well as distinguished fatigue resistance performance. Such advantages make the nanocomposite hydrogel displayed high stability and repeatable to both pressure and strain in a wide range of deformations, enabling a promising candidate in the fields of motion monitoring and healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ziqi Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Naipin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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8
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Kim J, Noh JH, Chun S, Kim SJ, Sim HJ, Choi C. Hierarchically Plied Mechano-Electrochemical Energy Harvesting Using a Scalable Kinematic Sensing Textile Woven from a Graphene-Coated Commercial Cotton Yarn. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7623-7632. [PMID: 37530440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensing systems are suitable for monitoring human motion. To realize a cost-effective and self-powered strain-sensing fiber, we developed a mechano-electrochemical harvesting yarn and textile using hierarchically arranged plied yarns composed of meter-long graphene-coated cotton yarns. Such a fiber relies on the principle of electrochemical capacity change to convert mechanical energy to electric energy. Further, this harvester can be used as a self-powered strain sensor because its output depends on mechanical stimuli. Additionally, the yarn can be woven into a kinematic sensing textile that measures the strength and direction of the applied force. The textile-type harvester can successfully detect various human movements such as pressing, bending, and stretching. The proposed sensing fiber will pave the way for the development of advanced wearable systems for ubiquitous healthcare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwan Kim
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Battery Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Battery Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Chun
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Jeong Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Sim
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Battery Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhao X, Zhao Q, Chang Y, Guo M, Wu S, Wang H, Hou Y, Zhang L, Liu C, Wu H, Liang Y, Ren L. Study on Design and Preparation of Conductive Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fibrous Membrane with High Conductivity via Electrostatic Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3174. [PMID: 37571068 PMCID: PMC10421049 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel conductive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous membrane with high conductivity and sensitivity was successfully prepared via electrostatic spinning and efficient silver reduction technology. Based on the selective dissolution of porogen of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the porous PVDF fibrous membrane with excellent adsorbability and mechanical strength was obtained, providing a structure base for the preparation of conductive PVDF fibrous membrane with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PVDF). The Ag+ in the AgNO3 mixed solution with PVP was absorbed and maintained in the inner parts and surface of the porous structure. After the reducing action of ascorbic acid-mixed solution with PVP, silver nanoparticles were obtained tightly in an original porous PVDF fibrous membrane, realizing the maximum conductivity of 2500 S/m. With combined excellent conductivity and mechanical strength, the AgNPs-PVDF fibrous membrane effectively and sensitively detected strain signals of throat vocalization, elbow, wrist, finger, and knee (gauge factor of 23). The electrospun conductive AgNPs-PVDF combined the characteristics of low resistance, high mechanical strength, and soft breathability, which provided a new and effective preparation method of conductive fibers for practical application in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yanjiao Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingzhuo Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yihao Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Han Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yunhong Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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10
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Leber A, Laperrousaz S, Qu Y, Dong C, Richard I, Sorin F. Thermally Drawn Elastomer Nanocomposites for Soft Mechanical Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207573. [PMID: 36852621 PMCID: PMC10161033 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable and conductive nanocomposites are emerging as important constituents of soft mechanical sensors for health monitoring, human-machine interactions, and soft robotics. However, tuning the materials' properties and sensor structures to the targeted mode and range of mechanical stimulation is limited by current fabrication approaches, particularly in scalable polymer melt techniques. Here, thermoplastic elastomer-based nanocomposites are engineered and novel rheological requirements are proposed for their compatibility with fiber processing technologies, yielding meters-long, soft, and highly versatile stretchable fiber devices. Based on microstructural changes in the nanofiller arrangement, the resistivity of the nanocomposite is tailored in its final device architecture across an entire order of magnitude as well as its sensitivity to strain via tuning thermal drawing processing parameters alone. Moreover, the prescribed electrical properties are coupled with suitable device designs and several fiber-based sensors are proposed aimed at specific types of deformations: i) a robotic fiber with an integrated bending mechanism where changes as small as 5° are monitored by piezoresistive nanocomposite elements, ii) a pressure-sensing fiber based on a geometrically controlled resistive signal that responds with a sub-newton resolution to changes in pressing forces, and iii) a strain-sensing fiber that tracks changes in capacitance up to 100% elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leber
- Institute of Materials, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Stella Laperrousaz
- Institute of Materials, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yunpeng Qu
- Institute of Materials, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Institute of Materials, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Inès Richard
- Institute of Materials, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Sorin
- Institute of Materials, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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11
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Sau S, Kundu S. Improved electrical and mechanical properties of highly stretchable polymeric films prepared by blending DMF with the mixed solution of PEDOT:PSS and PVA. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Hossain MM, Lubna MM, Bradford PD. Multifunctional and Washable Carbon Nanotube-Wrapped Textile Yarns for Wearable E-Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3365-3376. [PMID: 36622361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns are promising for wearable electronic applications due to their excellent electromechanical and thermal properties and structural flexibility. A spinning system was customized to produce CNT-wrapped textile yarns for wearable applications. By adjusting the spinning parameters and core yarn, a highly tailored hybrid CNT yarn could be produced for textile processing, e.g., knitting and weaving. The electrical resistance and mechanical properties of the yarn are influenced by the core yarn. The high flexibility of the yarn enabled state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) knitting of the CNT-wrapped yarn for the first time. Using the 3D knitted technology, CNT-wrapped textile yarns were seamlessly integrated into a wrist band and the index finger of a glove. The knitted structure exhibited a large resistance change under strain and precisely recorded the signal under the different movements of the finger and wrist. When the knitted fabric was connected to a power source, rapid heating above skin temperature was observed at a low voltage. This work presents a novel hybrid yarn for the first time, which sustained 30 washing cycles without performance degradation. By changing the core yarn, a highly stretchable and multimodal sensing system could be developed for wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Milon Hossain
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina27606, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14850, United States
| | - Mostakima M Lubna
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina27606, United States
| | - Philip D Bradford
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina27606, United States
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13
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Cao W, Luo Y, Dai Y, Wang X, Wu K, Lin H, Rui K, Zhu J. Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on a Conductive 3D Sponge Network for Motion Sensing and Human-Machine Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3131-3140. [PMID: 36603144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors have attracted increasing attention owing to their important applications in human activity monitoring, medical diagnosis, and human-machine interaction. However, the rational design of low-cost sensors with desirable properties (e.g., high sensitivity and excellent stability) and extended applications is still a great challenge. Herein, a simple and cost-effective strategy is reported by immersing polyurethane (PU) sponge in graphene oxide solution followed by in situ chemical reduction to construct a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-wrapped PU sponge sensor. Ascribed to the excellent compressive resilience of PU sponge and an electrically conductive RGO layer, the constructed flexible sensor exhibits satisfactory sensing performance with high sensitivity (17.65 kPa-1) in a low-load range (0-3.2 kPa), a wide compression strain range (0-80%), and reliable stability (8000 cycles). In addition, these sensors can be successfully applied to monitor human movements and identify the weight of objects. Through the use of a sensor array integrated with a signal acquisition circuit, the reasonably designed sensors can realize tactile feedback via mapping real-time spatial distribution of pressure in complicated tasks and show potential applications in flexible electronic pianos, electronic skin, and remote real-time control of home electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Dai
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Wu
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Lin
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Kun Rui
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Jixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei230027, P. R. China
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14
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Tauber FJ, Slesarenko V. Early career scientists converse on the future of soft robotics. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1129827. [PMID: 36909362 PMCID: PMC9994530 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1129827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During the recent decade, we have witnessed an extraordinary flourishing of soft robotics. Rekindled interest in soft robots is partially associated with the advances in manufacturing techniques that enable the fabrication of sophisticated multi-material robotic bodies with dimensions ranging across multiple length scales. In recent manuscripts, a reader might find peculiar-looking soft robots capable of grasping, walking, or swimming. However, the growth in publication numbers does not always reflect the real progress in the field since many manuscripts employ very similar ideas and just tweak soft body geometries. Therefore, we unreservedly agree with the sentiment that future research must move beyond "soft for soft's sake." Soft robotics is an undoubtedly fascinating field, but it requires a critical assessment of the limitations and challenges, enabling us to spotlight the areas and directions where soft robots will have the best leverage over their traditional counterparts. In this perspective paper, we discuss the current state of robotic research related to such important aspects as energy autonomy, electronic-free logic, and sustainability. The goal is to critically look at perspectives of soft robotics from two opposite points of view provided by early career researchers and highlight the most promising future direction, that is, in our opinion, the employment of soft robotic technologies for soft bio-inspired artificial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk J Tauber
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg, Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Slesarenko
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Yong KT, Xiong J. Elastic Fibers/Fabrics for Wearables and Bioelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203808. [PMID: 36253094 PMCID: PMC9762321 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wearables and bioelectronics rely on breathable interface devices with bioaffinity, biocompatibility, and smart functionality for interactions between beings and things and the surrounding environment. Elastic fibers/fabrics with mechanical adaptivity to various deformations and complex substrates, are promising to act as fillers, carriers, substrates, dressings, and scaffolds in the construction of biointerfaces for the human body, skins, organs, and plants, realizing functions such as energy exchange, sensing, perception, augmented virtuality, health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and intervention therapy. This review summarizes and highlights the latest breakthroughs of elastic fibers/fabrics for wearables and bioelectronics, aiming to offer insights into elasticity mechanisms, production methods, and electrical components integration strategies with fibers/fabrics, presenting a profile of elastic fibers/fabrics for energy management, sensors, e-skins, thermal management, personal protection, wound healing, biosensing, and drug delivery. The trans-disciplinary application of elastic fibers/fabrics from wearables to biomedicine provides important inspiration for technology transplantation and function integration to adapt different application systems. As a discussion platform, here the main challenges and possible solutions in the field are proposed, hopefully can provide guidance for promoting the development of elastic e-textiles in consideration of the trade-off between mechanical/electrical performance, industrial-scale production, diverse environmental adaptivity, and multiscenario on-spot applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Desuo Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Ken Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
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16
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Kim J, Choi C. Elastomeric Core/Conductive Sheath Fibers for Tensile and Torsional Strain Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8934. [PMID: 36433531 PMCID: PMC9693023 DOI: 10.3390/s22228934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Motion sensing, aimed at detecting and monitoring mechanical deformation, has received significant attention in various industrial and research fields. In particular, fiber-structured mechanical strain sensors with carbon-based materials have emerged as promising alternatives for wearable applications owing to their wearability and adaptability to the human body. Various materials, structures, sensing mechanisms, and fabrication methods have been used to fabricate high-performance fiber strain sensors. Nevertheless, developing multi-modal strain sensors that can monitor multiple deformations remains to be accomplished. This study established core/sheath fiber multi-modal strain sensors using polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Specifically, a flexible and conductive CNT sheet was wrapped onto the elastomeric core fiber at a certain angle. This wrapping angle allowed the CNTs to mechanically deform under tensile and torsional deformations without fatal structural damage. The CNTs could sense both tensile and torsional strains through reversible structural changes during deformations. The fiber strain sensor exhibited an increase of 124.9% and 9.6% in the resistance during tensile and torsional deformations of 100% and 1250 rad/m, respectively.
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17
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Zhu Y, Yue H, Aslam MJ, Bai Y, Zhu Z, Wei F. Controllable Preparation and Strengthening Strategies towards High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3478. [PMID: 36234606 PMCID: PMC9565896 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with superior mechanical properties are expected to play a role in the next generation of critical engineering mechanical materials. Crucial advances have been made in CNTs, as it has been reported that the tensile strength of defect-free CNTs and carbon nanotube bundles can approach the theoretical limit. However, the tensile strength of macro carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) is far lower than the theoretical level. Although some reviews have summarized the development of such fiber materials, few of them have focused on the controllable preparation and performance optimization of high-strength CNTFs at different scales. Therefore, in this review, we will analyze the characteristics and latest challenges of multiscale CNTFs in preparation and strength optimization. First, the structure and preparation of CNTs are introduced. Then, the preparation methods and tensile strength characteristics of CNTFs at different scales are discussed. Based on the analysis of tensile fracture, we summarize some typical strategies for optimizing tensile performance around defect and tube-tube interaction control. Finally, we introduce some emerging applications for CNTFs in mechanics. This review aims to provide insights and prospects for the controllable preparation of CNTFs with ultra-high tensile strength for emerging cutting-edge applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid Aslam
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunxiang Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Hua J, Li J, Jiang Y, Xie S, Shi Y, Pan L. Skin-Attachable Sensors for Biomedical Applications. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS & DEVICES (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 1:1-13. [PMID: 38625211 PMCID: PMC9529324 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-022-00018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
With the growing concern about human health issues, especially during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for personalized healthcare regarding disease prevention and recovery is increasing. However, tremendous challenges lie in both limited public medical resources and costly medical diagnosis approaches. Recently, skin-attachable sensors have emerged as promising health monitoring platforms to overcome such difficulties. Owing to the advantages of good comfort and high signal-to-noise ratio, skin-attachable sensors enable household, real-time, and long-term detection of weak physiological signals to efficiently and accurately monitor human motion, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, lung and heart sound, glucose, and biomarkers in biomedical applications. To further improve the integration level of biomedical skin-attachable sensors, efforts have been made in combining multiple sensing techniques with elaborate structural designs. This review summarizes the recent advances in different functional skin-attachable sensors, which monitor physical and chemical indicators of the human body. The advantages, shortcomings, and integration strategies of different mechanisms are presented. Specially, we highlight sensors monitoring pulmonary function such as respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation for their potential usage in the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the future development of skin-attachable sensors is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Hua
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Yongchang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Sijing Xie
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
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19
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Wei X, Wang J, Ma H, Farha FI, Bi S, Zhang Q, Xu F. Super-strong CNT composite yarn with tight CNT packing via a compress-stretch process. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9078-9085. [PMID: 35708501 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) with a large size and excellent mechanical properties could have wide technological influence in fields ranging from electrical devices to wearable textiles; however, inventing such CNTY has remained excessively challenging. Herein, we introduce an interesting approach to produce highly densified, robust CNT/polyvinyl alcohol composite yarn (CNT/PVA-P CY) with a large diameter and excellent comprehensive properties via a compressing and stretching method. Our method allows the PVA polymer chains to be well-dispersed into CNT intra- and inner-bundles with a controllable diameter and desirable mechanical properties. The resulting CNT/PVA-P CY exhibits an ultra-large diameter (∼140 μm), admirable mechanical properties (tensile strength of up to 1475 MPa and Young's modulus of up to 24.98 GPa), light weight (1.28 g cm-3), high electrical conductivity (792 S cm-1), outstanding flexibility, and anti-abrasive abilities. The successful obtainment of such attractive properties in yarns may provide new insights for the construction and exploitation of CNTY as a potential candidate to replace traditional carbon fibers for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jilong Wang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Huan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Farial Islam Farha
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Bi
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang Q, Meng F, Li Y, Ma H, Gong P, Yang J, Park CB, Li G. Construction of a Two-Dimensional Response Network in Three-Dimensional Composites to Dramatically Enhance Sensor Sensitivity: A Simple, Feasible, and Green Regulating Strategy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiran Meng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanting Li
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute, Tengfei Building, 88 Jiangmiao Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjian Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlong Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chul B. Park
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Zhao Y, Fang F. A Biomimetic Textile with Self-Assembled Hierarchical Porous Fibers for Thermal Insulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25851-25860. [PMID: 35616048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural biomaterials with a porous structure inspired smart textiles for personal thermal management. Inspired by the hierarchically fibrous structure of hides, self-assembled hierarchical fibers with cross-scale porous networks are fabricated by the facile wet-spinning method. The biomimetic textile (abbreviated as "T") woven by such fibers exhibits a low thermal conductivity (0.07 W/mK) comparable to that of cowhide. It also shows a high mechanical strength of up to 10 MPa as well as good flexibility (fracture strain exceeds 300%) and hydrophobicity. The heat conduction mechanism of the hierarchical structure is analyzed via finite element simulation. When immersed with the phase-change material, the textile (named as "P") works like an adipose layer. Integration of the layers of T and P effectively slows down the heat conduction and decreases the surface temperature, resembling an animal insulation system. The study paves the way to mass production of high-performance biomimetic materials with hierarchical cellular microstructures for application in thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Zhao
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fei Fang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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22
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Strong and Tough TPU Fibers with Orientedly Aligned CNTs Reinforced by Amorphous ZrO2. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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A Mini-Review on Preparation of Functional Composite Fibers and Their Based Devices. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Composite fibers are composed of two or more different components by functionating, coating or direct spinning, enabling unique characteristics, such as design ability, high strength, and high- and low-temperature resistance. Due to their ability to be directly woven into or stitched onto textiles to prepare flexible electronic devices, stretchable composite fibers have drawn great attention, enabling better wearability and integrality to wearable devices. Fiber or fiber-based electronic film or textiles represent a significant component in wearable technology, providing the possibility for portable and wearable electronics in the future. Herein, we introduce the composite fiber together with its preparation and devices. With the advancement of preparation technology, the as-prepared composite fibers exhibit good performance in various applications closely related to human life. Moreover, a simple discussion will be provided based on recent basic and advanced progress on composite fibers used in various devices.
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24
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Liu Z, Zhu T, Wang J, Zheng Z, Li Y, Li J, Lai Y. Functionalized Fiber-Based Strain Sensors: Pathway to Next-Generation Wearable Electronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:61. [PMID: 35165824 PMCID: PMC8844338 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wearable strain sensors are arousing increasing research interests in recent years on account of their potentials in motion detection, personal and public healthcare, future entertainment, man-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and so forth. Much research has focused on fiber-based sensors due to the appealing performance of fibers, including processing flexibility, wearing comfortability, outstanding lifetime and serviceability, low-cost and large-scale capacity. Herein, we review the latest advances in functionalization and device fabrication of fiber materials toward applications in fiber-based wearable strain sensors. We describe the approaches for preparing conductive fibers such as spinning, surface modification, and structural transformation. We also introduce the fabrication and sensing mechanisms of state-of-the-art sensors and analyze their merits and demerits. The applications toward motion detection, healthcare, man-machine interaction, future entertainment, and multifunctional sensing are summarized with typical examples. We finally critically analyze tough challenges and future remarks of fiber-based strain sensors, aiming to implement them in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Liu
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tianxue Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Junru Wang
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jiashen Li
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
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25
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Zokaei S, Craighero M, Cea C, Kneissl LM, Kroon R, Khodagholy D, Lund A, Müller C. Electrically Conducting Elastomeric Fibers with High Stretchability and Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102813. [PMID: 34816573 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conducting materials are appealing for the design of unobtrusive wearable electronic devices. Conjugated polymers with oligoethylene glycol side chains are excellent candidate materials owing to their low elastic modulus and good compatibility with polar stretchable polymers. Here, electrically conducting elastomeric blend fibers with high stretchability, wet spun from a blend of a doped polar polythiophene with tetraethylene glycol side chains and a polyurethane are reported. The wet-spinning process is versatile, reproducible, scalable, and produces continuous filaments with a diameter ranging from 30 to 70 µm. The fibers are stretchable up to 480% even after chemical doping with iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate hexahydrate and exhibit an electrical conductivity of up to 7.4 S cm-1 , which represents a record combination of properties for conjugated polymer-based fibers. The fibers remain conductive during elongation until fiber fracture and display excellent long-term stability at ambient conditions. Cyclic stretching up to 50% strain for at least 400 strain cycles reveals that the doped fibers exhibit high cyclic stability and retain their electrical conductivity. Finally, a directional strain sensing device, which makes use of the linear increase in resistance of the fibers up to 120% strain is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Zokaei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Mariavittoria Craighero
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Claudia Cea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lucas M Kneissl
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Renee Kroon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Anja Lund
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
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Yulianti R, Irmawati Y, Destyorini F, Ghozali M, Suhandi A, Kartolo S, Hardiansyah A, Byun JH, Fauzi MH, Yudianti R. Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensor Decorated on a Polyether Ester Urethane Substrate by a Low Hydrothermal Process. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:34866-34875. [PMID: 34963970 PMCID: PMC8697591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a highly stretchable sensor with low-concentration (1.5 wt %) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on flexible polyether ester urethane (PEEU) yarn, fabricated using a low hydrothermal process at 90 °C. Although SWCNTs restrict the PEEU polymer chain mobility, the resulting ductility of our nanocomposites reduces only by 16.5% on average, initially from 667.3% elongation at break to 557.2%. The resulting electrical resistivity of our nanocomposites can be controlled systematically by the number of hydrothermal cycles. A high gauge factor value of 4.84 is achieved at a tensile strain below 100%, and it increases up to 28.5 with applying a tensile strain above 450%. We find that the piezoresistivity of our nanocomposite is sensitive to temperature variations of 25-85 °C due to the hopping effect, which promotes more charge transport at elevated temperatures. Our nanocomposites offer both a high sensitivity and a large strain sensing range, which is achieved with a relatively simple fabrication technique and low concentration of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyani
Tri Yulianti
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yuyun Irmawati
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Fredina Destyorini
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ghozali
- Research
Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Andi Suhandi
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Surip Kartolo
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Andri Hardiansyah
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Joon-Hyun Byun
- Korea
Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Changwon 642-831, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Hamzah Fauzi
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Rike Yudianti
- Research
Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
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27
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Xiong Y, Xiao J, Chen J, Xu D, Zhao S, Chen S, Sheng B. A multifunctional hollow TPU fiber filled with liquid metal exhibiting fast electrothermal deformation and recovery. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10016-10024. [PMID: 34672302 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Conductive fibers have received considerable interest due to their potential applications in the flexible electronics field. Fabricating a conductive fiber that can realize fast deformation with stretchability for multifunctional applications is still highly appealing. Here, we present a deformable conductive fiber (DCF) fabricated by injecting liquid metal (LM) into a hollow thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber; the DCF can be shaped into a 2D or 3D shape by an electrothermal method at the thermoplastic transition point of TPU. Combined with the solid-liquid phase transition characteristics of the LM at its melting point, the DCF exhibits a variable shape memory feature at two transition points. We have demonstrated that the double-torsional DCF and the helical DCF can act as a capacitive sensor and an inductive sensor, respectively, and they have both been used for human motion monitoring. In addition, the helical DCF can also act as a stretchable electrode with excellent electrical properties (resistance change <2%) under a maximal mechanical strain of 3300%. Overall, the DCF presents great potential for applications in human motion monitoring, soft robotics and smart electronic textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jieyu Xiao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Da Xu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shangbi Chen
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Xin Yue Lian Hui Electronic Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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28
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Yang J, Chang L, Ma C, Cao Z, Liu H. Highly Electrically Conductive Flexible Ionogels by Drop-Casting Ionic Liquid/PEDOT:PSS Composite Liquids onto Hydrogel Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100557. [PMID: 34669220 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionogels have been extensively studied as ideal flexible and stretchable materials by virtue of the unique properties of ionic liquids, such as non-volatility, non-flammability, and negligible vapor pressure. However, the generally low ionic conductivity of the current ionogels limits their applications in the market of highly conductive, flexible, and stretchable electrical devices. Here, the fabrication of highly electrically conductive ionogels is reported by combining composite liquids consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCA]) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with flexible negative-charged poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) hydrogel. The generated composite film exhibits high electrical conductivity up to about 38 S cm-1 with the maximum tensile strain of 45% and fracture stress of 27 kPa. In addition, it is demonstrated that the composite film can maintain conductivity in a high level under different mechanical deformations, and can also be used as flexible sensors in a wide temperature range from -58 to 120 ℃. It is believed that the designed composite film would expand the applications of flexible conductive materials where both high conductivity and robust mechanical flexibility are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,College of Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chuao Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ziquan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
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29
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Yu Q, Zhang P, Chen Y. Human Motion State Recognition Based on Flexible, Wearable Capacitive Pressure Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101219. [PMID: 34683270 PMCID: PMC8540298 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human motion state recognition technology based on flexible, wearable sensor devices has been widely applied in the fields of human–computer interaction and health monitoring. In this study, a new type of flexible capacitive pressure sensor is designed and applied to the recognition of human motion state. The electrode layers use multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as conductive materials, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with microstructures is embedded in the surface as a flexible substrate. A composite film of barium titanate (BaTiO3) with a high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss and PDMS is used as the intermediate dielectric layer. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity (2.39 kPa−1), wide pressure range (0–120 kPa), low pressure resolution (6.8 Pa), fast response time (16 ms), fast recovery time (8 ms), lower hysteresis, and stability. The human body motion state recognition system is designed based on a multi-layer back propagation neural network, which can collect, process, and recognize the sensor signals of different motion states (sitting, standing, walking, and running). The results indicate that the overall recognition rate of the system for the human motion state reaches 94%. This proves the feasibility of the human motion state recognition system based on the flexible wearable sensor. Furthermore, the system has high application potential in the field of wearable motion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Yu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Robot Intelligent Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Robot Intelligent Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
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30
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Zhao K, Wang Y, Zhang S, Niu W. Highly Flexible, Multicolored, and Multifunctional Single-Fiber-Based Microsensors for UV, Temperature, and Infrared Detection. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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31
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Duan Q, Lu Y. Silk Sericin As a Green Adhesive to Fabricate a Textile Strain Sensor with Excellent Electromagnetic Shielding Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28832-28842. [PMID: 34126738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although flexible textile-based electronics and lightweight electromagnetic shielding materials have attracted increasing attention due to their wide application, the seamless integration of textile sensors and electromagnetic shielding materials is still a challenge. Herein, we designed a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method to fabricate nickel-plated acetate fabrics coated with carbon nanotubes, using silk sericin to disperse carbon nanotubes in water and adsorb abundant nickel ions easily on the surface of carbon nanotubes via hydroxyl groups without other additives. The as-prepared composites exhibited excellent conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield effectiveness (>30 dB) at X-band with around 0.8 mm thickness. The low-loading carbon nanotubes could offer more loss mechanism and had a positive effect upon EMI. The conductive textiles had higher tensile strength and negative relative resistance changes in strain, and had a great potential as wearable sensors in response to finger folding and wrist bending. Silk sericin as a green adhesive and dispersant provides an alternative strategy to large-scale produce multifunctional conductive wearable textiles for applications in EMI shielding and/or human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Duan
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yinxiang Lu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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32
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Hu Y, Huang T, Zhang H, Lin H, Zhang Y, Ke L, Cao W, Hu K, Ding Y, Wang X, Rui K, Zhu J, Huang W. Ultrasensitive and Wearable Carbon Hybrid Fiber Devices as Robust Intelligent Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23905-23914. [PMID: 33980008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing applications of wearable electronics, electronic textiles, and biomedical devices have sparked explosive demand for high-performance flexible sensors. Herein, we report a facile approach for fabricating a highly sensitive carbon hybrid fiber, which is composed of a graphene fiber skeleton and carbon nanotube (CNT) branches. In this hierarchical fiber, in situ grown CNTs prohibit the stacking of graphene sheets and bridge graphene layers simultaneously, making the hybrid fiber fluffy and conductive. Due to the well-designed architecture, the assembled fiber sensor exhibits satisfactory performance with a high gauge factor (up to 1127), a fast response time (less than 70 ms), and excellent reliability and stability (>2000 cycles). This work provides a feasible and scalable pathway for the fabrication of ultrasensitive fiber-based sensors, achieving the full realization of monitoring human physiological signals and architecting a real-time human-machine controlling system. Moreover, these practical sensors are used to monitor the sitting posture to prevent cervical spondylosis and lumbar disc herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tieqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huijuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Longwei Ke
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xueyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kun Rui
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jixin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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33
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Wu Y, Zhao X, Shang Y, Chang S, Dai L, Cao A. Application-Driven Carbon Nanotube Functional Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7946-7974. [PMID: 33988980 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube functional materials (CNTFMs) represent an important research field in transforming nanoscience and nanotechnology into practical applications, with potential impact in a wide realm of science, technology, and engineering. In this review, we combine the state-of-the-art research activities of CNTFMs with the application prospect, to highlight critical issues and identify future challenges. We focus on macroscopic long fibers, thin films, and bulk sponges which are typical CNTFMs in different dimensions with distinct characteristics, and also cover a variety of derived composite/hierarchical materials. Critical issues related to their structures, properties, and applications as robust conductive skeletons or high-performance flexible electrodes in mechanical and electronic devices, advanced energy conversion and storage systems, and environmental areas have been discussed specifically. Finally, possible solutions and directions are proposed for overcoming current obstacles and promoting future efforts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulong Chang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiu Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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34
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Wang L, Tian M, Qi X, Sun X, Xu T, Liu X, Zhu S, Zhang X, Qu L. Customizable Textile Sensors Based on Helical Core-Spun Yarns for Seamless Smart Garments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3122-3129. [PMID: 33682406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of the current sensors cannot meet the needs for seamless integration into the textile substrates of smart clothing and require improvements in terms of comfort and durability. Herein, smart textile-based sensors that have different sensing properties with integrated electronic elements were fabricated by knitting graphene-based helical conductive core-spun yarns. Such graphene-modified core-spun yarns are employed as building blocks of textile strain sensors, which showed high elasticity (ε > 300%), fast response time (120 ms), excellent reproducibility (over 10 000 cycles), wide sensing range (up to 100% strain), and low detection limit (0.3% strain). Thus, resistance-type strain sensors and capacitance-type pressure sensors composed of graphene-based smart fabric could be used to monitor large-scale limb movement and subtle human physiological signals. Such seamless smart textile-based fabric composed of superelastic helical conductive core-spun yarns shows great potential for fabricating an intelligent device to achieve real-time precise medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Qi
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xuantong Sun
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xuqing Liu
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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35
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Nag A, Alahi MEE, Mukhopadhyay SC, Liu Z. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Sensors for Strain Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1261. [PMID: 33578782 PMCID: PMC7916448 DOI: 10.3390/s21041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based sensors for strain-strain applications is showcased in this paper. Extensive use of MWCNTs has been done for the fabrication and implementation of flexible sensors due to their enhanced electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. These nanotubes have been deployed both in pure and composite forms for obtaining highly efficient sensors in terms of sensitivity, robustness, and longevity. Among the wide range of applications that MWCNTs have been exploited for, strain-sensing has been one of the most popular ones due to the high mechanical flexibility of these carbon allotropes. The MWCNT-based sensors have been able to deduce a broad spectrum of macro- and micro-scaled tensions through structural changes. This paper highlights some of the well-approved conjugations of MWCNTs with different kinds of polymers and other conductive nanomaterials to form the electrodes of the strain sensors. It also underlines some of the measures that can be taken in the future to improve the quality of these MWCNT-based sensors for strain-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Nag
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 251600, China;
| | - Md. Eshrat E Alahi
- The Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | | | - Zhi Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 251600, China;
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36
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Yuan C, Tony A, Yin R, Wang K, Zhang W. Tactile and Thermal Sensors Built from Carbon-Polymer Nanocomposites-A Critical Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041234. [PMID: 33572485 PMCID: PMC7916377 DOI: 10.3390/s21041234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a critical review of tactile and thermal sensors which are built from carbon nanomaterial-filled polymer composites (CNPCs). To make the review more comprehensive and systematic, the sensors are viewed as a system, and a general knowledge architecture for a system called function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS) is employed to classify information as well as knowledge related to CNPC sensors. FCBPSS contains six basic concepts, namely, F: function, C: context, B: behavior, P: principle, and SS: state and structure. As such, the principle that explains why such composites can work as temperature and pressure sensors, various structures of the CNPC sensor, which realize the principle, and the behavior and performance of CNPC sensors are discussed in this review. This review also discusses the fabrication of the CNPC sensor. Based on the critical review and analysis, the future directions of research on the CNPC sensor are discussed; in particular, the need to have a network of CNPC sensors that can be installed on curved bodies such as those of robots is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwang Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (C.Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Anthony Tony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (C.Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Ruixue Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Kemin Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (C.Y.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-3069665478
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37
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Llerena Zambrano B, Renz AF, Ruff T, Lienemann S, Tybrandt K, Vörös J, Lee J. Soft Electronics Based on Stretchable and Conductive Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001397. [PMID: 33205564 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on the field of implantable electronic devices that can be directly applied in the body with various functionalities is increasingly intensifying due to its great potential for various therapeutic applications. While conventional implantable electronics generally include rigid and hard conductive materials, their surrounding biological objects are soft and dynamic. The mechanical mismatch between implanted devices and biological environments induces damages in the body especially for long-term applications. Stretchable electronics with outstanding mechanical compliance with biological objects effectively improve such limitations of existing rigid implantable electronics. In this article, the recent progress of implantable soft electronics based on various conductive nanocomposites is systematically described. In particular, representative fabrication approaches of conductive and stretchable nanocomposites for implantable soft electronics and various in vivo applications of implantable soft electronics are focused on. To conclude, challenges and perspectives of current implantable soft electronics that should be considered for further advances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Llerena Zambrano
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Aline F. Renz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Tobias Ruff
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Samuel Lienemann
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 Sweden
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Jaehong Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) 333 Techno jungan‐dareo Daegu 42988 South Korea
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Gong H, Cai C, Gu H, Jiang Q, Zhang D, Cheng Z. Flexible and wearable strain sensor based on electrospun carbon sponge/polydimethylsiloxane composite for human motion detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4186-4193. [PMID: 35424338 PMCID: PMC8694317 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible and wearable strain sensors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in human motion detection. In this work, the as-fabricated strain sensor was obtained by encapsulation of electrospun carbon sponge (CS) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The formation mechanism of the self-assembled sponge has been explored. Meanwhile, the piezoresistive properties and the strain sensing mechanism of the CS/PDMS sensor were investigated. The results showed that the as-fabricated CS/PDMS sensor had high piezoresistive sensibility with a maximum gauge factor up to 130.49, superior stability and fast response to various cyclic loading with a tensile strain from 0% up to 40% and a tensile speed range of 2-18 mm min-1. Finally, all the superior performances endow the sensor with abilities to precisely detect pronunciation, human palm motion, wrist joint motion, elbow joint motion, and finger motion in real-time. These results indicate that the strain sensor based on the CS/PDMS could have promising applications in flexible and wearable devices for human motion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University 2888 Xincheng Street Changchun 130118 China
| | - Chuan Cai
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University 2888 Xincheng Street Changchun 130118 China
| | - Hongjun Gu
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University 2888 Xincheng Street Changchun 130118 China
| | - Qiushi Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agriculture University 2888 Xincheng Street Changchun 130118 China
| | - Daming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agriculture University 2888 Xincheng Street Changchun 130118 China
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Kanoun O, Bouhamed A, Ramalingame R, Bautista-Quijano JR, Rajendran D, Al-Hamry A. Review on Conductive Polymer/CNTs Nanocomposites Based Flexible and Stretchable Strain and Pressure Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E341. [PMID: 33419047 PMCID: PMC7825437 DOI: 10.3390/s21020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, significant developments of flexible and stretchable force sensors have been witnessed in order to satisfy the demand of several applications in robotic, prosthetics, wearables and structural health monitoring bringing decisive advantages due to their manifold customizability, easy integration and outstanding performance in terms of sensor properties and low-cost realization. In this paper, we review current advances in this field with a special focus on polymer/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based sensors. Based on the electrical properties of polymer/CNTs nanocomposite, we explain underlying principles for pressure and strain sensors. We highlight the influence of the manufacturing processes on the achieved sensing properties and the manifold possibilities to realize sensors using different shapes, dimensions and measurement procedures. After an intensive review of the realized sensor performances in terms of sensitivity, stretchability, stability and durability, we describe perspectives and provide novel trends for future developments in this intriguing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (R.R.); (J.R.B.-Q.); (D.R.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ayda Bouhamed
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (R.R.); (J.R.B.-Q.); (D.R.); (A.A.-H.)
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Huang J, Zhou J, Luo Y, Yan G, Liu Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Li H, Yan L, Zhang G, Fu Y, Duan H. Wrinkle-Enabled Highly Stretchable Strain Sensors for Wide-Range Health Monitoring with a Big Data Cloud Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43009-43017. [PMID: 32856459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable strain sensors are vital for emerging fields of wearable and personal electronics, but it is a huge challenge for them to possess both wide-range measurement capability and good sensitivity. In this study, a highly stretchable strain sensor with a wide strain range and a good sensitivity is fabricated based on smart composites of carbon black (CB)/wrinkled Ecoflex. The sensor exhibits a maximum recoverable strain of up to 500% and a high gauge factor of 67.7. It has a low hysteresis, a fast signal response (as short as 120 ms), and a high reproducibility (up to 5000 cycles with a strain of 150%). The sensor is capable of detecting and capturing wide-range human activities, from speech recognition and pulse monitoring to vigorous motions. It is also applicable for real-time monitoring of robot movements and vehicle security crash in an anthropomorphic field. More importantly, the sensor is successfully used to send signals of a volunteer's breathing data to a local hospital in real time through a big data cloud platform. This research provides the feasibility of using a strain sensor for wearable Internet of things and demonstrates its exciting prospect for healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yangmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Gan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yong Xu
- The Affiliated ZhuZhou Hospital of XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Honglang Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingbo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Huigao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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41
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Xu Q, Liu H, Zhong X, Jiang B, Ma Z. Permeable Weldable Elastic Fiber Conductors for Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36609-36619. [PMID: 32693569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fiber conductors are advantageous for applications in wearable electronics due to their small size, light weight, and excellent integration ability. Here, we report the fabrication of elastic fiber conductors with a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure using electrospun thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) microfibers and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as the building blocks. With the 3D porous structure, such a fiber is highly permeable to gases and liquids. As such, the performance of the fiber in many applications of wearable electronics (especially wearable sensors and detectors) can be improved significantly. Benefitting from the excellent processability of TPE and dispersibility of AgNPs, the fiber is highly compatible with thermal and solvent welding. In addition, the fiber also possesses super stretchability, high conductivity, and robust endurance to deformation. As a proof-of-concept application, we demonstrate that a rope-shaped capacitor made by plying one pair of such fibers can detect the volume change of artificial sweat with 17-times higher sensitivity than the capacitor using nonporous fibers as electrodes. We further demonstrate that, by integrating two groups of perpendicularly arranged fibers into a monolithic porous mat, sensitive matrix-addressed monitoring of artificial sweat can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road No. 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road No. 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinrong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road No. 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bofan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road No. 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road No. 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
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42
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Hong T, Jeong SM, Choi YK, Lim T, Ju S. Superhydrophobic, Elastic, and Conducting Polyurethane-Carbon Nanotube-Silane-Aerogel Composite Microfiber. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081772. [PMID: 32784728 PMCID: PMC7465323 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible fibers composed of a conductive material mixed with a polymer matrix are useful in wearable electronic devices. However, the presence of the conductive material often reduces the flexibility of the fiber, while the conductivity may be affected by environmental factors such as water and moisture. To address these issues, we developed a new conductive fiber by mixing carbon nanotubes (CNT) with a polyurethane (PU) matrix. A silane ((heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetra-hydrodecyl)trichlorosilane) was added to improve the strain value of the fiber from 155% to 228%. Moreover, silica aerogel particles were embedded on the fiber surface to increase the water contact angle (WCA) and minimize the effect of water on the conductivity of the fiber. As a result, the fabricated PU-CNT-silane-aerogel composite microfiber maintained a WCA of ~140° even after heating at 250 °C for 30 min. We expect this method of incorporating silane and aerogel to help the development of conductive fibers with high flexibility that are capable of stable operation in wet or humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekuk Hong
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea; (T.H.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Sang-Mi Jeong
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea; (T.H.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Yong Kyu Choi
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea;
| | - Taekyung Lim
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea; (T.H.); (S.-M.J.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea; (T.H.); (S.-M.J.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (S.J.)
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43
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Skin-Like Strain Sensors Enabled by Elastomer Composites for Human–Machine Interfaces. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics exhibit tremendous potential applications in biosensing and human–machine interfaces for their outstanding mechanical performance and excellent electrical characteristics. In this work, we introduce a soft, skin-integrated strain sensor enabled by a ternary elastomer composite of graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT)/Ecoflex, providing a low-cost skin-like platform for conversion of mechanical motion to electricity and sensing of human activities. The device exhibits high sensitivity (the absolute value of the resistance change rate under a testing strain level, 26) and good mechanical stability (surviving ~hundreds of cycles of repeated stretching). Due to the advanced mechanical design of the metallic electrode, the strain sensor shows excellent mechanical tolerance to pressing, bending, twisting, and stretching. The flexible sensor can be directly mounted onto human skin for detecting mechanical motion, exhibiting its great potential in wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces.
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Tan C, Dong Z, Li Y, Zhao H, Huang X, Zhou Z, Jiang JW, Long YZ, Jiang P, Zhang TY, Sun B. A high performance wearable strain sensor with advanced thermal management for motion monitoring. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3530. [PMID: 32669576 PMCID: PMC7363829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance change under mechanical stimuli arouses mass operational heat, damaging the performance, lifetime, and reliability of stretchable electronic devices, therefore rapid thermal heat dissipating is necessary. Here we report a stretchable strain sensor with outstanding thermal management. Besides a high stretchability and sensitivity testified by human motion monitoring, as well as long-term durability, an enhanced thermal conductivity from the casted thermoplastic polyurethane-boron nitride nanosheets layer helps rapid heat transmission to the environments, while the porous electrospun fibrous thermoplastic polyurethane membrane leads to thermal insulation. A 32% drop of the real time saturated temperature is achieved. For the first time we in-situ investigated the dynamic operational temperature fluctuation of stretchable electronics under repeating stretching-releasing processes. Finally, cytotoxicity test confirms that the nanofillers are tightly restricted in the nanocomposites, making it harmless to human health. All the results prove it an excellent candidate for the next-generation of wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenxiao Tan
- College of Physics; University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Dong
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Physics; University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- College of Physics; University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Yi Zhang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Physics; University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, P. R. China.
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45
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Nguyen T, Khine M. Advances in Materials for Soft Stretchable Conductors and Their Behavior under Mechanical Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1454. [PMID: 32610500 PMCID: PMC7408380 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft stretchable sensors rely on polymers that not only withstand large deformations while retaining functionality but also allow for ease of application to couple with the body to capture subtle physiological signals. They have been applied towards motion detection and healthcare monitoring and can be integrated into multifunctional sensing platforms for enhanced human machine interface. Most advances in sensor development, however, have been aimed towards active materials where nearly all approaches rely on a silicone-based substrate for mechanical stability and stretchability. While silicone use has been advantageous in academic settings, conventional silicones cannot offer self-healing capability and can suffer from manufacturing limitations. This review aims to cover recent advances made in polymer materials for soft stretchable conductors. New developments in substrate materials that are compliant and stretchable but also contain self-healing properties and self-adhesive capabilities are desirable for the mechanical improvement of stretchable electronics. We focus on materials for stretchable conductors and explore how mechanical deformation impacts their performance, summarizing active and substrate materials, sensor performance criteria, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Michelle Khine
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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46
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Exploring the Interfacial Phase and π-π Stacking in Aligned Carbon Nanotube/Polyimide Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061158. [PMID: 32545565 PMCID: PMC7353158 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the interfacial microstructure and interaction at a nanoscale has a significant meaning for the interface improvement of the nanocomposites. In this study, the interfacial microstructure and features of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and conjugated polymer polyimide (PI) with three molecular structures were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. It was found that aligned MWNT/PI nanocomposites had a nonideal two-phase system with the interfaces belonging to long period stacking ordered structure. Attributed to the π-π stacking effect, MWNT/BTDA-MPD presented the most regular arrangement verified by fractal dimension. By adopting a one-dimension correlation function, each phase dimension in aligned MWNT/PI nanocomposites was calculated and verified by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The π-π stacking was demonstrated to be an important interaction between MWNT and PI via WAXD and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and it was influenced by the linkage bond between benzene rings in PIs. This work is of significance to reveal the interfacial features between conjugated polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is favorable for the interface design of CNT-based high performance nanocomposites.
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Song J, Chen S, Sun L, Guo Y, Zhang L, Wang S, Xuan H, Guan Q, You Z. Mechanically and Electronically Robust Transparent Organohydrogel Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906994. [PMID: 31957099 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductive fibers are key elements for next-generation flexible electronics. Most existing conductive fibers are electron-based, opaque, relatively rigid, and show a significant increase in resistance during stretching. Accordingly, soft, stretchable, and transparent ion-conductive hydrogel fibers have attracted significant attention. However, hydrogel fibers are difficult to manufacture and easy to dry and freeze, which significantly hinders their wide range of applications. Herein, organohydrogel fibers are designed to address these challenges. First, a newly designed hybrid crosslinking strategy continuously wet-spins hydrogel fibers, which are transformed into organohydrogel fibers by simple solvent replacement. The organohydrogel fibers show excellent antifreezing (< -80 °C) capability, stability (>5 months), transparency, and stretchability. The predominantly covalently crosslinked network ensures the fibers have a high dynamic mechanical stability with negligible hysteresis and creep, from which previous conductive fibers usually suffer. Accordingly, strain sensors made from the organohydrogel fibers accurately capture high-frequency (4 Hz) and high-speed (24 cm s-1 ) motion and exhibit little drift for 1000 stretch-release cycles, and are powerful for detecting rapid cyclic motions such as engine valves and are difficult to reach by previously reported conductive fibers. The organohydrogel fibers also demonstrate potential as wearable anisotropic sensors, data gloves, soft electrodes, and optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Luzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shuliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Huixia Xuan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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Anzar N, Hasan R, Tyagi M, Yadav N, Narang J. Carbon nanotube - A review on Synthesis, Properties and plethora of applications in the field of biomedical science. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Fabrication and Evaluation of a Novel Non-Invasive Stretchable and Wearable Respiratory Rate Sensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles Using Inkjet Printing Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091518. [PMID: 31540494 PMCID: PMC6781180 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiration rate (RR) is a key vital sign that links to adverse clinical outcomes and has various important uses. However, RR signals have been neglected in many clinical practices for several reasons and it is still difficult to develop low-cost RR sensors for accurate, automated, and continuous measurement. This study aims to fabricate, develop and evaluate a novel stretchable and wearable RR sensor that is low-cost and easy to use. The sensor is fabricated using the soft lithography technique of polydimethylsiloxane substrates (PDMS) for the stretchable sensor body and inkjet printing technology for creating the conductive circuit by depositing the silver nanoparticles on top of the PDMS substrates. The inkjet-printed (IJP) PDMS-based sensor was developed to detect the inductance fluctuations caused by respiratory volumetric changes. The output signal was processed in a Wheatstone bridge circuit to derive the RR. Six different patterns for a IJP PDMS-based sensor were carefully designed and tested. Their sustainability (maximum strain during measurement) and durability (the ability to go bear axial cyclic strains) were investigated and compared on an automated mechanical stretcher. Their repeatability (output of the sensor in repeated tests under identical condition) and reproducibility (output of different sensors with the same design under identical condition) were investigated using a respiratory simulator. The selected optimal design pattern from the simulator evaluation was used in the fabrication of the IJP PDMS-based sensor where the accuracy was inspected by attaching it to 37 healthy human subjects (aged between 19 and 34 years, seven females) and compared with the reference values from e-Health nasal sensor. Only one design survived the inspection procedures where design #6 (array consists of two horseshoe lines) indicated the best sustainability and durability, and went through the repeatability and reproducibility tests. Based on the best pattern, the developed sensor accurately measured the simulated RR with an error rate of 0.46 ± 0.66 beats per minute (BPM, mean ± SD). On human subjects, the IJP PDMS-based sensor and the reference e-Health sensor showed the same RR value, without any observable differences. The performance of the sensor was accurate with no apparent error compared with the reference sensor. Considering its low cost, good mechanical property, simplicity, and accuracy, the IJP PDMS-based sensor is a promising technique for continuous and wearable RR monitoring, especially under low-resource conditions.
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Wang R, Xu W, Shen W, Shi X, Huang J, Song W. A highly stretchable and transparent silver nanowire/thermoplastic polyurethane film strain sensor for human motion monitoring. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transparent film strain sensors based on silver nanowires and thermoplastic polyurethane are promising candidates for detecting various human motions and monitoring the mass of some kinetic objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfei Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
- School of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Wei Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Wenfeng Shen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Weijie Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
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