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Huynh MT, Buchanan E, Chirayil S, Adebesin AM, Kovacs Z. StereoPHIP: Stereoselective Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311669. [PMID: 37714818 PMCID: PMC10842948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) followed by polarization transfer to 13 C is a rapidly developing technique for the generation of 13 C-hyperpolarized substrates. Chirality plays an essential role in living systems and differential metabolism of enantiomeric pairs of metabolic substrates is well documented. Inspired by asymmetric hydrogenation, here we report stereoPHIP, which involves the addition of parahydrogen to a prochiral substrate with a chiral catalyst followed by polarization transfer to 13 C spins. We demonstrate that parahydrogen could be rapidly added to the prochiral precursor to both enantiomers of lactic acid (D and L), with both the (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers of a chiral rhodium(I) catalyst to afford highly 13 C-hyperpolarized (over 20 %) L- and D-lactate ester derivatives, respectively, with excellent stereoselectivity. We also show that the hyperpolarized 1 H signal decays obtained with the (R,R) and (S,S) catalysts were markedly different. StereoPHIP expands the scope of conventional PHIP to the production of 13 C hyperpolarized chiral substrates with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Huynh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Emily Buchanan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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2
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Stevanato G, Ding Y, Mamone S, Jagtap AP, Korchak S, Glöggler S. Real-Time Pyruvate Chemical Conversion Monitoring Enabled by PHIP. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5864-5871. [PMID: 36857108 PMCID: PMC10021011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, parahydrogen-induced polarization side arm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) has been applied to hyperpolarize [1-13C]pyruvate and map its metabolic conversion to [1-13C]lactate in cancer cells. Developing on our recent MINERVA pulse sequence protocol, in which we have achieved 27% [1-13C]pyruvate carbon polarization, we demonstrate the hyperpolarization of [1,2-13C]pyruvate (∼7% polarization on each 13C spin) via PHIP-SAH. By altering a single parameter in the pulse sequence, MINERVA enables the signal enhancement of C1 and/or C2 in [1,2-13C]pyruvate with the opposite phase, which allows for the simultaneous monitoring of different chemical reactions with enhanced spectral contrast or for the same reaction via different carbon sites. We first demonstrate the ability to monitor the same enzymatic pyruvate to lactate conversion at 7T in an aqueous solution, in vitro, and in-cell (HeLa cells) via different carbon sites. In a second set of experiments, we use the C1 and C2 carbon positions as spectral probes for simultaneous chemical reactions: the production of acetate, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbonate by reacting [1,2-13C]pyruvate with H2O2 at a high temperature (55 °C). Importantly, we detect and characterize the intermediate 2-hydroperoxy-2-hydroxypropanoate in real time and at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stevanato
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yonghong Ding
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Bondar O, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S, Reineri F. Effect of the hydrogenation solvent in the PHIP-SAH hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tickner BJ, Zhivonitko VV. Advancing homogeneous catalysis for parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarisation and its NMR applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4670-4696. [PMID: 35655870 PMCID: PMC9067625 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) is a nuclear spin hyperpolarisation technique employed to enhance NMR signals for a wide range of molecules. This is achieved by exploiting the chemical reactions of parahydrogen (para-H2), the spin-0 isomer of H2. These reactions break the molecular symmetry of para-H2 in a way that can produce dramatically enhanced NMR signals for reaction products, and are usually catalysed by a transition metal complex. In this review, we discuss recent advances in novel homogeneous catalysts that can produce hyperpolarised products upon reaction with para-H2. We also discuss hyperpolarisation attained in reversible reactions (termed signal amplification by reversible exchange, SABRE) and focus on catalyst developments in recent years that have allowed hyperpolarisation of a wider range of target molecules. In particular, recent examples of novel ruthenium catalysts for trans and geminal hydrogenation, metal-free catalysts, iridium sulfoxide-containing SABRE systems, and cobalt complexes for PHIP and SABRE are reviewed. Advances in this catalysis have expanded the types of molecules amenable to hyperpolarisation using PHIP and SABRE, and their applications in NMR reaction monitoring, mechanistic elucidation, biomedical imaging, and many other areas, are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
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Eills J, Hale W, Utz M. Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 128:44-69. [PMID: 35282869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-time process monitoring with chemical specificity. It is ideally suited for observing metabolic and other biological and chemical processes in microfluidic systems. However, its intrinsically low sensitivity has limited its application. Recent advances in nuclear hyperpolarization techniques may change this: under special circumstances, it is possible to enhance NMR signals by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which dramatically extends the utility of NMR in the context of microfluidic systems. Hyperpolarization requires complex chemical and/or physical manipulations, which in turn may benefit from microfluidic implementation. In fact, many hyperpolarization methodologies rely on processes that are more efficient at the micro-scale, such as molecular diffusion, penetration of electromagnetic radiation into a sample, or restricted molecular mobility on a surface. In this review we examine the confluence between the fields of hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR and microfluidics, and assess how these areas of research have mutually benefited one another, and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - William Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Muhammad SR, Nugent JW, Greer RB, Lee BC, Mahmoud J, Ramirez SB, Goodson BM, Fout AR. Effects of a Tridentate Pincer Ligand on Parahydrogen Induced Polarization. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1518-1526. [PMID: 34043874 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of ligands in rhodium- and iridium-catalyzed Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) and SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) chemistry has been studied in the benchmark systems, [Rh(diene)(diphos)]+ and [Ir(NHC)(sub)3 (H)2 ]+ , and shown to have a great impact on the degree of hyperpolarization observed. Here, we examine the role of the flanking moieties in the electron-rich monoanionic bis(carbene) aryl pincer ligand, Ar CCC (Ar=Dipp, 2,6-diisopropyl or Mes, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) on the cobalt-catalyzed PHIP and PHIP-IE (PHIP via Insertion and Elimination) chemistry that we have previously reported. The mesityl groups were exchanged for diisopropylphenyl groups to generate the (Dipp CCC)Co(N2 ) catalyst, which resulted in faster hydrogenation and up to 390-fold 1 H signal enhancements, larger than that of the (Mes CCC)Co-py (py=pyridine) catalyst. Additionally, the synthesis of the (Dipp CCC)Rh(N2 ) complex is reported and applied towards the hydrogenation of ethyl acrylate with parahydrogen to generate modest signal enhancements of both 1 H and 13 C nuclei. Lastly, the generation of two (Mes CCC)Ir complexes is presented and applied towards SABRE and PHIP-IE chemistry to only yield small 1 H signal enhancements of the partially hydrogenated product (PHIP) with no SABRE hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiyah R Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Joseph W Nugent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Rianna B Greer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Brian C Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Jumanah Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Steven B Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, United States
| | - Alison R Fout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Entwicklung molekularer Sonden für die hyperpolarisierte NMR‐Bildgebung im biologischen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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8
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Dagys L, Jagtap AP, Korchak S, Mamone S, Saul P, Levitt MH, Glöggler S. Nuclear hyperpolarization of (1- 13C)-pyruvate in aqueous solution by proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation. Analyst 2021; 146:1772-1778. [PMID: 33475626 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We employ Parahydrogen Induced Polarization with Side-Arm Hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) to polarize (1-13C)-pyruvate. We introduce a new method called proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation (PR-SAH) in which an intermediate proton is used to transfer polarization from the side-arm to the 13C-labelled site of the pyruvate before hydrolysis. This significantly reduces the cost and effort needed to prepare the precursor for radio-frequency transfer experiments while still maintaining acceptable polarization transfer efficiency. Experimentally we have attained on average 4.33% 13C polarization in an aqueous solution of (1-13C)-pyruvate after about 10 seconds of cleavage and extraction. PR-SAH is a promising pulsed NMR method for hyperpolarizing 13C-labelled metabolites in solution, conducted entirely in high magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- School of chemistry, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK.
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip Saul
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- School of chemistry, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK.
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14779-14799. [PMID: 32372551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Reineri F, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S. Hydrogenative-PHIP polarized metabolites for biological studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:25-47. [PMID: 33527252 PMCID: PMC7910253 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ParaHydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, but its application to biological investigations has been hampered, so far, due to chemical challenges. PHIP is obtained by means of the addition of hydrogen, enriched in the para-spin isomer, to an unsaturated substrate. Both hydrogen atoms must be transferred to the same substrate, in a pairwise manner, by a suitable hydrogenation catalyst; therefore, a de-hydrogenated precursor of the target molecule is necessary. This has strongly limited the number of parahydrogen polarized substrates. The non-hydrogenative approach brilliantly circumvents this central issue, but has not been translated to in-vivo yet. Recent advancements in hydrogenative PHIP (h-PHIP) considerably widened the possibility to hyperpolarize metabolites and, in this review, we will focus on substrates that have been obtained by means of this method and used in vivo. Attention will also be paid to the requirements that must be met and on the issues that have still to be tackled to obtain further improvements and to push PHIP substrates in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
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