1
|
Jamróz P, Świeży A, Noworyta M, Starzak K, Środa P, Wielgus W, Szymaszek P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Ortyl J. Photocurable biomaterials labeled with luminescent sensors dedicated to bioprinting. J Biotechnol 2024; 395:122-140. [PMID: 39349123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we focused on the development and characterization of formulations that function as biological inks. These inks were doped with coumarin derivatives to act as molecular luminescent sensors that allow the monitoring of the kinetics of in situ photopolymerization in 3D (DLP) printing and bioprinting using pneumatic extrusion techniques, making it possible to study the changes in the system in real time. The efficiency of the systems was tested on compositions containing monomers: poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates and photoinitiators: 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldi-phenylphosphinate and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate. The selected formulations were spectroscopically characterized and examined for their photopolymerization kinetics and rheological properties. This is important because of the fact that spectroscopic characterization, examination of photopolymerization kinetics, and rheological properties provide valuable insights into the behaviour of photocurable resin dedicated for 3D printing processes. The next step involved printing tests on commercially available 3D printers. In turn, printing carried out as part of the work on commercially available 3D printers further verified the effectiveness of the formulations. Moreover the formulation components and the resulting 3D objects were tested for their antiproliferative effects on the selected Chinese hamster ovary cell line, CHO-K1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jamróz
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Andrzej Świeży
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland; Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, Cracow 30-348, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Noworyta
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starzak
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Patrycja Środa
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland; Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, Cracow 30-348, Poland
| | - Weronika Wielgus
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Patryk Szymaszek
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Ortyl
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland; Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, Cracow 30-348, Poland; Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, Cracow 30-133, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalulu M, Chilikwazi B, Hu J, Fu G. Soft Actuators and Actuation: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400282. [PMID: 38850266 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Soft actuators are one of the most promising technological advancements with potential solutions to diverse fields' day-to-day challenges. Soft actuators derived from hydrogel materials possess unique features such as flexibility, responsiveness to stimuli, and intricate deformations, making them ideal for soft robotics, artificial muscles, and biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of material composition and design techniques for hydrogel actuators, exploring 3D printing, photopolymerization, cross-linking, and microfabrication methods for improved actuation. It examines applications of hydrogel actuators in biomedical, soft robotics, bioinspired systems, microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip devices, and environmental, and energy systems. Finally, it discusses challenges, opportunities, advancements, and regulatory aspects related to hydrogel actuators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mulenga Kalulu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Bright Chilikwazi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Noworyta M, Topa-Skwarczyńska M, Jamróz P, Oksiuta D, Tyszka-Czochara M, Trembecka-Wójciga K, Ortyl J. Influence of the Type of Nanofillers on the Properties of Composites Used in Dentistry and 3D Printing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10549. [PMID: 37445729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is a growing field with an extensive range of applications and is environmentally friendly owing to its energy-efficient nature. Such light-assisted curing methods were initially used to cure the coatings. However, it has become common to use photopolymerization to produce 3D objects, such as bridges or dental crowns, as well as to cure dental fillings. In this study, polymer nanocomposites containing inorganic nanofillers (such as zinc nano-oxide and zinc nano-oxide doped with two wt.% aluminum, titanium nano-oxide, kaolin nanoclay, zirconium nano-oxide, aluminum nano-oxide, and silicon nano-oxide) were fabricated and studied using Real Time FT-IR to investigate the effects of these nanoadditives on the final conversion rates of the obtained nanocomposites. The effects of the fillers on the viscosity of the produced nanocomposites were also investigated, and 3D prints of the selected nanocomposites were presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Noworyta
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Topa-Skwarczyńska
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Jamróz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dawid Oksiuta
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Klaudia Trembecka-Wójciga
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Cracow, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Photoinitiator of photosensitizer? Dual behaviour of m-terphenyls in photopolymerization processes. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
|
5
|
Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
Collapse
|
6
|
Szymaszek P, Tomal W, Świergosz T, Kamińska-Borek I, Popielarz R, Ortyl J. Review of quantitative and qualitative methods for monitoring photopolymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Authomatic in-situ monitoring and characterization of photopolymerization.
Collapse
|
7
|
Szymaszek P, Środa P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Świergosz T, Ortyl J. Development of novel fluorescent probes to detect and quantify specific reactive oxygen species. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Topa-Skwarczyńska M, Świeży A, Krok D, Starzak K, Niezgoda P, Oksiuta B, Wałczyk W, Ortyl J. Novel Formulations Containing Fluorescent Sensors to Improve the Resolution of 3D Prints. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10470. [PMID: 36142382 PMCID: PMC9504832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing in SLA (stereolithography) and DLP (digital light processing) technologies has recently been experiencing a period of extremely rapid development. This is due to the fact that researchers recognise the many advantages of 3D printing, such as the high resolution and speed of the modelling and printing processes. However, there is still a search for new resin formulations dedicated to specific 3D printers allowing for high-resolution prints. Therefore, in the following paper, the effects of dyes such as BODIPY, europium complex, and Coumarin 1 added to light-cured compositions polymerised according to the radical mechanism on the photopolymerisation process speed, polymerisation shrinkage, and the final properties of the printouts were investigated. The kinetics of the photopolymerisation of light-cured materials using real-time FT-IR methods, as well as printouts that tangibly demonstrate the potential application of 3D printing technology in Industry 4.0, were examined. These studies showed that the addition of dyes has an effect on obtaining fluorescent prints with good resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa-Skwarczyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Świeży
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dominika Krok
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starzak
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Niezgoda
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Oksiuta
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Wałczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Kraków, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Influence of a non-reactive additive on the photocuring and 3D-VAT printing processes of PEGDA: complementary studies. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Tomal W, Szymaszek P, Bilut M, Popielarz R, Świergosz T, Ortyl J. meta-Terphenyls as versatile fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring the progress of hybrid polymerization processes. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00525e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meta-Terphenyl derivatives were used as versatile fluorescent sensors for online monitoring of hybrid photopolymerization that allow seeing the difference between different types of polymerization processes involved in the hybrid polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31 155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Patryk Szymaszek
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31 155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bilut
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31 155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Popielarz
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31 155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Świergosz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31 155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31 155 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balcerak A, Kabatc J, Czech Z, Nowak M, Mozelewska K. High-Performance UV-Vis Light Induces Radical Photopolymerization Using Novel 2-Aminobenzothiazole-Based Photosensitizers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7814. [PMID: 34947409 PMCID: PMC8705399 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of using the photopolymerization reactions in various areas of science and technique is constantly gaining importance. Light-induced photopolymerization is the basic process for the production of various polymeric materials. The key role in the polymerization reaction is the photoinitiator. The huge demand for radical and cationic initiators results from the dynamic development of the medical sector, and the optoelectronic, paints, coatings, varnishes and adhesives industries. For this reason, we dealt with the subject of designing new, highly-efficient radical photoinitiators. This paper describes novel photoinitiating systems operating in UV-Vis light for radical polymerization of acrylates. The proposed photoinitiators are composed of squaraine (SQ) as a light absorber and various diphenyliodonium (Iod) salts as co-initiators. The kinetic parameters of radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), such as the degree of double bonds conversion (C%), the rate of photopolymerization (Rp), as well as the photoinitiation index (Ip) were calculated. It was found that 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives in the presence of iodonium salts effectively initiated the polymerization of TMPTA. The rates of polymerization were at about 2 × 10-2 s-1 and the degree of conversion of acrylate groups from 10% to 36% were observed. The values of the photoinitiating indexes for the most optimal initiator concentration, i.e., 5 × 10-3 M were in the range from 1 × 10-3 s-2 even to above 9 × 10-3 s-2. The photoinitiating efficiency of new radical initiators depends on the concentration and chemical structure of used photoinitiator. The role of squaraine-based photoinitiating systems as effective dyeing photoinitiators for radical polymerization is highlighted in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Janina Kabatc
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Czech
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Nowak
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Karolina Mozelewska
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jagtap A, More A. A review on self-initiated and photoinitiator-free system for photopolymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Tomal W, Krok D, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Ortyl J. Beneficial stilbene-based derivatives: From the synthesis of new catalytic photosensitizer to 3D printouts and fiber-reinforced composites. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
15
|
Difunctional 1H-quinolin-2-ones as spectroscopic fluorescent probes for real-time monitoring of photopolymerisation process and photosensitizers of fluorescent photopolymer resin in 3D printing. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Dumur F. Recent advances on visible light photoinitiators of polymerization based on Indane-1,3-dione and related derivatives. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
Tomal W, Świergosz T, Pilch M, Kasprzyk W, Ortyl J. New horizons for carbon dots: quantum nano-photoinitiating catalysts for cationic photopolymerization and three-dimensional (3D) printing under visible light. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid-based carbon dots (CDs) as nano-photoinitiating catalysts for 3D printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Tomasz Świergosz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Maciej Pilch
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Wiktor Kasprzyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Noè C, Hakkarainen M, Sangermano M. Cationic UV-Curing of Epoxidized Biobased Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E89. [PMID: 33379390 PMCID: PMC7795534 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are among the most important building blocks for fabrication of thermosets for many different applications thanks to their superior thermo-mechanical properties and chemical resistance. The recent concerns on the environmental problems and the progressive depletion of petroleum feedstocks have drawn the research interest in finding biobased alternatives. Many curing techniques can be used to obtain the final crosslinked thermoset networks. The UV-curing technology can be considered the most environmentally friendly because of the absence of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and mild curing conditions. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of bio-based cationic UV-curable epoxy resins. Particular focus has been given to the sources of the bio-based epoxy monomers and the applications of the obtained products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Noè
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Topa M, Ortyl J. Moving Towards a Finer Way of Light-Cured Resin-Based Restorative Dental Materials: Recent Advances in Photoinitiating Systems Based on Iodonium Salts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4093. [PMID: 32942676 PMCID: PMC7560344 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced polymerization of monomers is currently an essential tool in various industries. The photopolymerization process plays an increasingly important role in biomedical applications. It is especially used in the production of dental composites. It also exhibits unique properties, such as a short time of polymerization of composites (up to a few seconds), low energy consumption, and spatial resolution (polymerization only in irradiated areas). This paper describes a short overview of the history and classification of different typical monomers and photoinitiating systems such as bimolecular photoinitiator system containing camphorquinone and aromatic amine, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, phosphine derivatives, germanium derivatives, hexaarylbiimidazole derivatives, silane-based derivatives and thioxanthone derivatives used in the production of dental composites with their limitations and disadvantages. Moreover, this article represents the challenges faced when using the latest inventions in the field of dental materials, with a particular focus on photoinitiating systems based on iodonium salts. The beneficial properties of dental composites cured using initiation systems based on iodonium salts have been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thioxanthone Derivatives as a New Class of Organic Photocatalysts for Photopolymerisation Processes and the 3D Printing of Photocurable Resins under Visible Light. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, novel thioxanthone-based compounds were synthesised and evaluated as a component of photoredox catalysts/photoinitiating systems for the free-radical polymerisation (FRP) of acrylates and the ring-opening cationic polymerisation (CP) of epoxy monomers. The performance of the obtained thioxanthones in two- and three-component photoinitiating systems, in combination with amines, iodonium or sulphonium salt, as well as with alkyl halide, for photopolymerisation processes upon exposure to light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a maximum emission of 405 nm and 420 nm, was investigated. The studied compounds act also as one-component free-radical photoinitiators. Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the kinetics of disappearance of the functional groups of the monomers during photoinitiated polymerisation. Excellent photoinitiating efficiency and high final conversions of functional groups were observed. Moreover, the influence of thioxanthone skeleton substitution on photoinitiating efficiency was discussed. The photochemical mechanism was also investigated through cyclic voltammetry. It was discovered that thioxanthone derivatives can be used as a metal-free photoredox catalyst active for both oxidative and reductive cycles. Furthermore, a photopolymerizable system based on novel thioxanthone derivatives in a stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) printing technology under visible sources of light was used. The effects of photoinitiator type system and monomer type in photoresins during 3D printing processes were explored. The outcome of this research is the development of high-performance visible photosensitive resins with improved photosensitivity obtained thanks to the development of entirely novel photoinitiating systems specifically adapted for this application.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tomal W, Ortyl J. Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1073. [PMID: 32392892 PMCID: PMC7285382 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system that, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria such as high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations, and applications are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tomal W, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Popielarz R, Ortyl J. Multifunctional biphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers in various types of photopolymerization processes, including IPN formation, 3D printing of photocurable multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) fluorescent composites. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32162-32182. [PMID: 35518164 PMCID: PMC9056632 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary of properties and applications of multifunctional of biphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers in various types of photopolymerization processes, including IPN formation, 3D printing of photocurable multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) fluorescent composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Roman Popielarz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tomal W, Pilch M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Galek M, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Dietlin C, Lalevée J, Ortyl J. Photoinitiator-catalyst systems based on meta-terphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers of iodonium and thianthrenium salts for visible photopolymerization in 3D printing processes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Application of new photoinitiator-catalyst systems based on meta-terphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers of iodonium and thianthrenium salts for visible photopolymerization in 3D printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Maciej Pilch
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | | | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|