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Ma Y, Xie W, Yao R, Feng Y, Wang X, Xie H, Feng Y, Yang J. Biochar and hydrochar application influence soil ammonia volatilization and the dissolved organic matter in salt-affected soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171845. [PMID: 38521269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Biochar, which including pyrochar (PBC) and hydrochar (HBC), has been tested as a soil enhancer to improve saline soils. However, the effects of PBC and HBC application on ammonia (NH3) volatilization and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in saline paddy soils are poorly understood. In this research, marsh moss-derived PBC and HBC biochar types were applied to paddy saline soils at 0.5 % (w/w) and 1.5 % (w/w) rates to assess their impact on soil NH3 volatilization and DOM using a soil column experiment. The results revealed that soil NH3 volatilization significantly increased by 56.1 % in the treatment with 1.5 % (w/w) HBC compared to the control without PBC or HBC. Conversely, PBC and the lower application rate of HBC led to decrease in NH3 volatilization ranging from 2.4 % to 12.1 %. Floodwater EC is a dominant factor in NH3 emission. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensities of the four fractions (all humic substances) were found to be significantly higher in the 1.5 % (w/w) HBC treatment applied compared to the other treatments, as indicated by parallel factor analysis modeling. This study highlights the potential for soil NH3 losses and DOM leaching in saline paddy soils due to the high application rate of HBC. These findings offer valuable insights into the effects of PBC and HBC on rice paddy saline soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Rongjiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Huifang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China
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2
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Zhang S, Sun Z, Yao Y, Wang X, Tian S. Spectral characterization of the impact of modifiers and different prepare temperatures on snow lotus medicinal residue-biochar and dissolved organic matter. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8493. [PMID: 38605135 PMCID: PMC11009357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study involved the production of 20 biochar samples derived from secondary medicinal residues of Snow Lotus Oral Liquid, processed within the temperature range of 200-600 °C. Additionally, four medicinal residues, including dissolved organic matter (DOM), from 24 samples obtained using the shaking method, served as the primary source material. The investigation focused on two key factors: the modifier and preparation temperature. These factors were examined to elucidate the spectral characteristics and chemical properties of the pharmaceutical residues, biochar, and DOM. To analyze the alterations in the spectral attributes of biochar and medicinal residues, we employed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in conjunction with Fourier-infrared one-dimensional and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. These findings revealed that modifiers enhanced the aromaticity of biochar, and the influence of preparation temperature on biochar was diminished. This observation indicates the stability of the aromatic functional group structure. Comparative analysis indicated that Na2CO3 had a more pronounced structural effect on biochar, which is consistent with its adsorption properties. Furthermore, we utilized the fluorescence indices from UV-visible spectroscopy and excitation-emission-matrix spectra with the PARAFAC model to elucidate the characteristics of the fluorescence components in the DOM released from the samples. The results demonstrated that the DOM released from biochar primarily originated externally. Aromaticity reduction and increased decay will enhance the ability of the biochar to bind pollutants. Those results confirmed the link between the substantial increase in the adsorption performance of the high-temperature modified charcoal in the previous study and the structural changes in the biochar. We investigated the structural changes of biochar and derivative DOM in the presence of two perturbing factors, modifier and preparation temperature. Suitable modifiers were selected. Preparation for the study of adsorption properties of snow lotus medicinal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zenghong Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanna Yao
- Xinjiang Tianshan Lotus Medicine (Co., Ltd.), Changji, 831500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Xinjiang Tianshan Lotus Medicine (Co., Ltd.), Changji, 831500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuge Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Wang K, Wang X, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Jiang M. Effect of different production methods on physicochemical properties and adsorption capacities of biochar from sewage sludge and kitchen waste: Mechanism and correlation analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132690. [PMID: 37801977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Different pyrolysis methods, parameters and feedstocks result in biochars with different properties, structures and removal capacities for heavy metals. However, the role of each property on adsorption capacity and corresponding causal relationships remain unclear. Here, we investigated various physicochemical properties of biochar produced via three different methods and two different feedstocks to clarify influences of biomass sources and pyrolysis processes on biochar properties and its heavy metal adsorption performance. Experimental results showed biochars were more aromatic and contained more functional groups after hydrothermal carbonization, while they had developed pores and higher surface areas produced by anaerobic pyrolysis. The inclusion of oxygen resulted in more complete carbonization and higher CEC biochar. Different biochar properties resulted in different adsorption capacities. Biochar produced by aerobic calcination showed higher adsorption efficiency for Cu and Pb. Correlation analysis proved that pH, cation exchange capacity and degree of carbonization positively affected adsorption, while organic matter content and aromaticity were unfavorable for adsorption. Microstructure and components determined biochar macroscopic properties and ultimate adsorption efficiency for metal ions. This study identifies the degree of correlation and pathways of each property on adsorption, which provides guidance for targeted modification of biochar to enhance its performance in heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xuchan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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4
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Bagheri Novair S, Cheraghi M, Faramarzi F, Asgari Lajayer B, Senapathi V, Astatkie T, Price GW. Reviewing the role of biochar in paddy soils: An agricultural and environmental perspective. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115228. [PMID: 37423198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The main challenge of the twenty-first century is to find a balance between environmental sustainability and crop productivity in a world with a rapidly growing population. Soil health is the backbone of a resilient environment and stable food production systems. In recent years, the use of biochar to bind nutrients, sorption of pollutants, and increase crop productivity has gained popularity. This article reviews key recent studies on the environmental impacts of biochar and the benefits of its unique physicochemical features in paddy soils. This review provides critical information on the role of biochar properties on environmental pollutants, carbon and nitrogen cycling, plant growth regulation, and microbial activities. Biochar improves the soil properties of paddy soils through increasing microbial activities and nutrient availability, accelerating carbon and nitrogen cycle, and reducing the availability of heavy metals and micropollutants. For example, a study showed that the application of a maximum of 40 t ha-1 of biochar from rice husks prior to cultivation (at high temperature and slow pyrolysis) increases nutrient utilization and rice grain yield by 40%. Biochar can be used to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers to ensure sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bagheri Novair
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meysam Cheraghi
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Faramarzi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Jin L, Wei D, Li Y, Zou G, Wang L, Ding J, Zhang Y, Sun L, Wang W, Ma X, Shen H, Wang Y, Wang J, Lu X, Sun Y, Ding X, Li D, Yin D. Effects of Biochar on the Fluorescence Spectra of Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Black Soil Profile after Application for Six Years. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:831. [PMID: 36840177 PMCID: PMC9965516 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
At present, extracting water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from agricultural organic waste is primarily used to evaluate soil organic matter content in farmland. However, only a few studies have focused on its vertical behavior in the soil profile. This study aims to clarify the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum characteristics of the WSOM samples in 0-60 cm black soil profile before and after different chemical fertilizer treatments after six years of fertilization. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies are used to divide four different fertilization types: no fertilization (T0), nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) (T1), biochar (T2), biochar + NPK (T3), and biochar + N (T4) in a typical black soil area. The vertical characteristics of WSOC are also analyzed. The results showed that after six years of nitrogen application, T2 had a significant effect on the fluorescence intensity of Zone II (decreasing by 9.6% in the 0-20 cm soil layer) and Zone V (increasing by 8.5% in the 0-20 cm soil layer). The fluorescent components identified in each treatment group include ultraviolet radiation A humic acid-like substances (C1), ultraviolet radiation C humic acid-like substances (C2), and tryptophan-like substance (C3). As compared with the land with T1, the content of C2 in the 20-60 cm soil layer with T2 was lower, while that of C2 in the surface and subsoil with T3 was higher. In addiiton, there were no significant differences in the contents of C1, C2, and C3 by comparing the soils applied with T3 and T4, respectively. The composition of soil WSOM was found to be significantly influenced by the addition of a mixture of biochar and chemical fertilizers. The addition of biochar alone exerted a positive effect on the humification process in the surface soil (0-10 cm). NPK treatment could stimulate biological activity by increasing biological index values in deeper soil layers (40-50 cm). Nitrogen is the sovereign factor that improves the synergism effect of chemical fertilizer and biochar during the humification process. According to the UV-Vis spectrum and optical index, soil WSOM originates from land and microorganisms. This study reveals the dynamics of WSOC in the 0-60 cm soil layer and the biogeochemical effect of BC fertilizer treatment on the agricultural soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- Plant Nutrition and Resources Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Plant Nutrition and Resources Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yan Li
- Plant Nutrition and Resources Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Plant Nutrition and Resources Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Plant Nutrition and Resources Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jianli Ding
- Plant Nutrition and Resources Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Heilongjiang Institute of Black Soil Protection and Utilization, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Black Soil Protection and Utilization, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xingzhu Ma
- Heilongjiang Institute of Black Soil Protection and Utilization, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Huibo Shen
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Yuxian Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Xinrui Lu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150027, China
| | - Xinying Ding
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Dahao Li
- Qiqihar Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Dawei Yin
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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6
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Li W, Li X, Han C, Gao L, Wu H, Li M. A new view into three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy for dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158963. [PMID: 36155043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D EEMs) has been extensively used for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. However, the application of 3D EEMs is constantly limited by issues such as contradictory component identification, confusing interpretation of spectral indicators, and inability to establish biodegradability. In this study, some improvements were proposed by investigating the 3D EEMs, spectral indicators, and degradability of the standard and representative DOM. To overcome the unclear identification of DOM components, it was recommended to partition 3D EEMs into three subareas: aromatic protein (New-I), humic-like (New-II), and soluble microbial by-product-like (New-III). Significant strong positive correlations (ρ = 0.727, P < 0.001) were observed between fluorescence index (FI) and biological index (BIX), and (R = 0.809, P < 0.001) humification index (HIX) and specific ultraviolet absorbance of 254 nm (SUVA254). Except for FI (R = -0.483, P = 0.023), no other spectral indicators (P > 0.05) were found to be significantly correlated with molecular weight. As thence results, the FI and HIX were the most suitable indicators for evaluating DOM. The half-life (20 < 21 < 26 < 29 < 46 days) revealed that the degradability of individual DOM components was in the order of tyrosine > tryptophan > fulvic acid > protein > humic acid. The degradation dynamics were governed by first-order decay kinetics (R2 = 0.91-0.99). This study clarified the fluorescence properties and degradability of DOM, as well as the reliability of spectral indicators. The degradation performance of individual DOM components engaged in the carbon cycling process was revealed, paving the path for further applications of 3D EEMs in DOM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Chunxiao Han
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Haiming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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7
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Zhang S, Wang M, Liu J, Tian S, Yang X, Xiao G, Xu G, Jiang T, Wang D. Biochar affects methylmercury production and bioaccumulation in paddy soils: Insights from soil-derived dissolved organic matter. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 119:68-77. [PMID: 35934467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been used increasingly as a soil additive to control mercury (Hg) pollution in paddy rice fields. As the most active component of soil organic matter, soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in the environmental fate of contaminants. However, there are very few studies to determine the impact of biochar on the Hg cycle in rice paddies using insights from DOM. This study used original and modified biochar to investigate their effect on DOM dynamics and their potential impact on methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation in rice plants. Porewater DOM was collected to analyze the variations in soil-derived DOM in paddy soils. The results showed that the addition of biochar, whether in original or modified form, significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice plants, especially in hulls and grains (p<0.05). However, MeHg production in soils was only inhibited by the modified biochar. Biochar addition induced a significant increase in DOM's aromaticity and molecular weight (p<0.05), which decreased Hg bioavailability. Furthermore, enhanced microbial activity was also observed in DOM (p<0.05), further increasing MeHg production in the soil. Thus, the effect of biochar on the fate of Hg cycle involves competition between the two different roles of DOM. This study identified a specific mechanism by which biochar affects Hg behavior in rice paddy soil and contributes to understanding the more general influence of biochar in agriculture and contaminant remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Shanyi Tian
- Soil Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guangquan Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guomin Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550014, China; Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Zhang H, Qian W, Wu L, Yu S, Wei R, Chen W, Ni J. Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from biomass pyrolysis: Biochar-derived DOC versus smoke-derived DOC, and their differences from natural DOC. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134869. [PMID: 35537622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and smoke-derived dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) are two different biomass-pyrogenic DOCs. They inevitably enter soil and water, then potentially pose different impacts on the chemistry of these media. This study systemically investigated the emissions and spectral characteristics of BDOC and SDOC as well as their differences from natural DOC. The results showed that the emission of SDOC was 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than that of BDOC after biomass pyrolysis. UV-vis spectra indicated that BDOC had higher aromaticity and molecular weight as well as lower polarity than SDOC. The two-dimensional correlation infrared spectrum (2D-PCIS) matrix indicated that BDOC contained more chemical groups with stronger temperature-dependence than SDOC. Fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC analysis showed that BDOC was dominated by macromolecular humic-like substances, while SDOC was primarily composed of small molecules of aromatic protein/polyphenols-like compounds. The fluorescence indicators including humification index (HIX) (0.08-0.76) and biological index (BIX) (1.18-1.72) of SDOC were significantly different from those of BDOC (HIX: 1.64-12.68, and BIX: 0.17-1.62). The higher BIX and more small molecules of aromatic protein/polyphenols-like compounds indicated SDOC had potentially higher bioavailability and turnover rate in the environment than BDOC. Furthermore, the UV-vis spectral indicator (S275-295) and fluorescence spectral indicators (HIX, and BIX) of BDOC were equivalent to those of natural DOC, whereas these indicators of SDOC were significantly different from those of natural DOC. This study demonstrated that BDOC and SDOC had significantly different components and properties and they might present different environmental behaviors and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
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9
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Sůra R, Antalík M. Determination of proton dissociation constants (pK a) of hydroxyl groups of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DHBQ) by UV-Vis, fluorescence and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120863. [PMID: 35077982 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation constant is an important physicochemical parameter of amolecule. The protonation state of a molecule reflects its reactivity, solubility or ability to chemically interact with other molecules. In the present study, dissociation constants (pKa) values of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DHBQ) were determined by UV-Vis, fluorescence and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy at 25 °C. The resulting pKa values for DHBQ were 2.95 and 5.25. We have also experimentally found out that the monoanionic form (HBQ-) provides weak fluorescence in the pH range of about 3-6. This allowed us to determine not only the pKa in the ground but also the excited state of the molecule (pKa1* = 4.38 andpKa2* = 5.27).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Sůra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárová 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Antalík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárová 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
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10
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Li LP, Liu YH, Ren D, Wang JJ. Characteristics and chlorine reactivity of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter: Effects of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118044. [PMID: 35033743 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing biochar application worldwide may release more biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) to the source water for drinking water supply. However, it is unclear how feedstock types and pyrolysis temperatures for biochar production would affect the characteristics and chlorine reactivity of BDOM. Here, we studied the spectroscopic characteristics of BDOM pyrolyzed from pine needle, wheat straw, walnut shells, alfalfa, pig manure, and sludge derived biochars at 300, 500, and 700 °C, as well as the formation potential of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and their bulk toxicity after BDOM chlorination. The N/C ratio of biochar was higher for N-rich than C-rich feedstocks. Optical analyses indicated that BDOM aromaticity was highest at 700 °C, while the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the molecular weight of BDOM varied greatly among feedstocks. Increasing pyrolysis temperature caused consistently decreased BDOM reactivity toward haloketone formation but did not show consistent impacts on the other DBPs. Among feedstocks, the N-rich sludge showed the highest specific haloacetonitrile formation potential of BDOM at any given pyrolysis temperature. The DBP formation potential from biochar was consistently highest at 300 °C and was higher for N-rich than C-rich feedstocks. The microtoxicity of DBP mixture was highest for the BDOM derived from sludge produced at 300 °C. This study highlights the high variations in characteristics and chlorination reactivity of BDOM with varying feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures, which implies that more attention should be paid to the environmental impacts of the intensive application of low-temperature biochar from N-rich feedstock such as sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519087, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China; Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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11
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Jiang M, Sheng Y, Tian C, Li C, Liu Q, Li Z. Feasibility of source identification by DOM fingerprinting in marine pollution events. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113060. [PMID: 34673430 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate source identification is the first step of pollution control in environmental emergency management, especially in marine pollution events. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) absorption and fluorescence (excitation-emission matrices, EEMs) analyses were applied to trace contaminant sources for a pollution event that occurred along the coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the EEMs identified four fluorescent components: terrestrial humic-like (C1), tryptophan-like (C2), and a mixture of terrestrial and marine humic-like (C3) and tyrosine-like (C4) components. The relationships among C1 to C4 and quality indices indicated that the DOM originated from terrestrial input and biological activity. The EEMs-PARAFAC results accompanied by the optical characteristics of DOM and fingerprinting demonstrated that the marine pollution event occurred was from enterprise emissions. The numerical simulation confirmed the reliability of EEMs-PARAFAC modeling for DOM fingerprinting of pollution sources in polluted regions. This study provided a feasible method for source recognition in marine pollution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Sheng
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qunqun Liu
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoran Li
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
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12
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Mbogning Feudjio W, Mbesse Kongbonga GY, Kogniwali-Gredibert SBC, Ghalila H, Wang-Yang P, Majdi Y, Kenfack Assongo C, Nsangou M. Characterization of engine lubricants by fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119539. [PMID: 33588363 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) combined with excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) were used to determine the most efficient excitation wavelengths of engine lubricants; identify their fluorophores; classify them and look for correlations between their fluorescence and their physical parameters. EEMF spectra were obtained for the different samples in the range of 260 to 600 nm, and 300 to 700 nm for excitation and emission wavelengths respectively. PCA and PARAFAC showed that the efficient excitation wavelengths for engine lubricants are 300, 350, 400, 450 and 470 nm. These five wavelengths represented the maxima of the PARAFAC recovered excitation profiles, of which two were attributed to fluorene and pyrene. The relative proportions of the PARAFAC retrieved components were used to classify engine lubricants with a satisfactory percentage of classification of 70%. Finally, a good correlation was obtained between some physical parameters (particularly the viscosity) of engine lubricants and their fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mbogning Feudjio
- Laboratory of Optics and Applications, Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Gilbert Yvon Mbesse Kongbonga
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Bangui, P.O. Box 908, Bangui, Central African Republic.
| | - Sagesse Bel Christ Kogniwali-Gredibert
- Laboratory of Optics and Applications, Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Hassen Ghalila
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications (LSAMA), Faculty of Science, The University of Tunis El Manar, P.O. Box 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pale Wang-Yang
- Laboratory of Optics and Applications, Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Youssef Majdi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications (LSAMA), Faculty of Science, The University of Tunis El Manar, P.O. Box 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cyril Kenfack Assongo
- Laboratory of Optics and Applications, Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Mama Nsangou
- Department of Physics, Higher Teacher Training School, The University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon
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Cybulak M, Sokołowska Z, Boguta P. The influence of biochar on the content of carbon and the chemical transformations of fallow and grassland humic acids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5698. [PMID: 33707615 PMCID: PMC7952729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the effect of biochar (BioC) on the fertility of fallow and grassland soils, as well as on the properties of their humic acids (HAs). The objective of this study was to evaluate with a 3-year field experiment the influence of BioC on the organic matter (OM) in Haplic Luvisol. BioC (obtained via wood waste pyrolysis at 650 °C) was applied to the soil of subplots under fallow and grassland at doses of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg m-2. The soil samples were collected eight times. The physicochemical properties were determined for the soil and BioC by analysing the density, pH, surface charge, ash, and organic carbon content. Based on the changes in the structure of the HAs and their quantity in the soils, the chemical properties of the HAs were determined. The maximum BioC dose caused an increase in the content of Corg and HAs. BioC did not influence the humification degree coefficients of the HAs originated from fallow, whereas in the grassland, there were significant changes observed in these coefficient values, indicating that BioC may stimulate and accelerate the humification process of soil HAs. Increasing the BioC doses caused an increase in the soil's HA content, suggesting an increase in soil sorption capacity. The fluorescence data showed BioC addition to the soil caused an increase in the number of structures characterised by low molecular weight and a low degree of humification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cybulak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Sokołowska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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