1
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Jeon Y, Ahn CS, Char K, Lim J. Size Control and Antioxidant Properties of Sulfur-Rich Polymer Colloids from Interfacial Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300747. [PMID: 38652855 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
High sulfur content polymeric materials, known for their intriguing properties such as high refractive indices and high electrochemical capacities, have garnered significant interest in recent years for their applications in optics, antifouling surfaces, triboelectrics, and electrochemistry. Despite the high interest, most high sulfur-content polymers reported to date are either bulk materials or thin films, and there is a general lack of research into sulfur-rich polymer colloids. Water-dispersed, sulfur-rich particles are anticipated to broaden the range of applications for sulfur-containing materials. In this study, the preparation and size control parameters are presented of an aqueous dispersion of sulfur-rich polymers with the sulfur content of dispersed particles exceeding 75 wt%. Employing polymeric stabilizers with varying hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), along with changing the rank of inorganic polysulfides, allow for the control of particle size in the range of 360 nm - 1.8 µm. The sulfur-rich colloid demonstrates antioxidant properties in water, demonstrating the potential for the use of sulfur-rich polymeric materials readily removable, heterogeneous radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL), 87 Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Sup Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zuo S, Liu T, Li L, Xu H, Guo J, Wang Q, Yang Y, He Z, Sun J, Sun B. Tetrasulfide bond boosts the anti-tumor efficacy of dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101432. [PMID: 38387464 PMCID: PMC10982979 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies (DPNAs) stand out as promising strategies for improving the efficiency and safety of chemotherapeutic drugs. The success of trisulfide bonds (-SSS-) in DPNAs makes polysulfide bonds a worthwhile focus. Here, we explore the comprehensive role of tetrasulfide bonds (-SSSS-) in constructing superior DPNAs. Compared to trisulfide and disulfide bonds, tetrasulfide bonds endow DPNAs with superlative self-assembly stability, prolonged blood circulation, and high tumor accumulation. Notably, the ultra-high reduction responsivity of tetrasulfide bonds make DPNAs a highly selective "tumor bomb" that can be ignited by endogenous reducing agents in tumor cells. Furthermore, we present an "add fuel to the flames" strategy to intensify the reductive stress at tumor sites by replenishing exogenous reducing agents, making considerable progress in selective tumor inhibition. This work elucidates the crucial role of tetrasulfide bonds in establishing intelligent DPNAs, alongside the combination methodology, propelling DPNAs to new heights in potent cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hezhen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yinxian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.
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3
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Ikeda-Imafuku M, Fukuta T, Tuan Giam Chuang V, Sawa T, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Ishida T, Ishima Y. Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Rhabdomyolysis Is Ameliorated by Serum Albumin-Based Supersulfide Donors through Antioxidative Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:128. [PMID: 38256961 PMCID: PMC10819804 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is responsible for the onset and progression of various kinds of diseases including rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Antioxidants are, therefore, thought to aid in the recovery of illnesses linked to oxidative stress. Supersulfide species have been shown to have substantial antioxidative activity; however, due to their limited bioavailability, few supersulfide donors have had their actions evaluated in vivo. In this study, human serum albumin (HSA) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine polysulfides (NACSn), which have polysulfides in an oxidized form, were conjugated to create a supersulfide donor. HSA is chosen to be a carrier of NACSn because of its extended blood circulation and high level of biocompatibility. In contrast to a supersulfide donor containing reduced polysulfide in HSA, the NACSn-conjugated HSAs exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than HSA and free NACSn without being uptaken by the cells in vitro. The supersulfide donor reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine significantly in a mouse model of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Supersulfide donors significantly reduced the expression of oxidative stress markers in the kidney. These results indicate that the developed supersulfide donor has the therapeutic effect on rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ikeda-Imafuku
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan; (M.I.-I.); (T.F.)
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan; (M.I.-I.); (T.F.)
| | - Victor Tuan Giam Chuang
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia;
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan;
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan;
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan;
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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4
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Wu Z, Vlaming R, Donohoe M, Pratt DA. Interrupted Homolytic Substitution Enables Organoboron Compounds to Inhibit Radical Chain Reactions Rather than Initiate Them. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1153-1166. [PMID: 38156607 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of organoboranes with peroxyl radicals are key to their use as radical initiators for a vast array of radical chain reactions, particularly at low temperatures where high stereoselectivity or regioselectivity is desired. Whereas these reactions generally proceed via concerted homolytic substitution (SH2) mechanisms, organoboranes that bear groups that can stabilize tetracoordinate boron radical "ate" complexes (e.g., catecholboranes) undergo this reaction via a stepwise addition/fragmentation sequence and serve as useful stoichiometric alkyl radical precursors. Here we show that arylboronic esters and amides derived from catecholborane and diaminonaphthaleneborane, respectively, are potent radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs). Mechanistic studies reveal that this is because the radical "ate" complexes derived from peroxyl radical addition to boron are sufficiently persistent to trap another radical in an interrupted SH2 reaction. Remarkably, the reactivity of these organoboranes as inhibitors of autoxidation was shown to translate from simple hydrocarbons to the phospholipids of biological membranes such that they can inhibit ferroptosis, the cell death modality driven by lipid autoxidation and relevant in neurodegeneration and other major pathologies. The unique mechanism of these organoboranes is one of only a handful of RTA mechanisms that are not based on H-atom transfer processes and provide a new dimension to boron chemistry and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Robynne Vlaming
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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5
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Hanson CS, Donohoe M, Pratt DA. Enhancement of Diarylamine Antioxidant Activity by Molybdenum Dithiocarbamates. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38051117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum dithiocarbamates (MDTCs) are indispensable lubricant additives. Although their role as antiwear agents is well established, they have also been attributed antioxidant properties that are not understood. MDTCs do not inhibit autoxidation, but they markedly enhance the capacity of diphenylamines (DPAs)─ubiquitous radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs)─to do so. We find this synergy to be evident not only at elevated temperatures (160 °C in n-hexadecane) but also at moderate temperatures, where autoxidations can be continuously monitored and kinetics more easily interpreted (100 °C in squalane). Interestingly, the synergy disappeared in an unsaturated hydrocarbon (n-hexadec-1-ene), where the RTA activity of the DPA is known to result from the diarylnitroxide derived therefrom. Autoxidations of squalane carried out in the presence of the diarylnitroxide─wherein it is a poor inhibitor─were much better inhibited in the presence of MDTC, suggesting that it converts the nitroxide to (a) more competent RTA(s). Indeed, preparative experiments revealed two species: DPA and a DPA dimer into which a single oxygen atom had been incorporated. This conversion is accelerated by the oxidation of MDTC to a dioxo molybdenum species. A mechanism is proposed to account for these observations, and the implications of our findings and their interpretation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Chen W, Sheng D, Jiang YF, Zhu WC, Rao W, Shen SS, Yang ZY, Wang SY. Nickel-Catalyzed Acid Chlorides with Tetrasulfides for the Synthesis of Thioesters and Acyl Disulfides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15871-15880. [PMID: 37882877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel method for the synthesis of thioesters and acyl disulfides via nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling of acid chlorides with tetrasulfides. This approach for the synthesis of thioesters and acyl disulfides is convenient and practical under mild reaction conditions, relying on easy availability. In addition, a wide range of thioesters and acyl disulfides were obtained in medium to good yields with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, thioesters and acyl disulfides can also be prepared at the gram scale, indicating that they have certain potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Daopeng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei-Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shu-Su Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99, Xuefu Road, Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Zhao-Ying Yang
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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7
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Schilling D, Ditrói T, Barayeu U, Jurányi EP, Nagy P, Dick TP. The influence of alkylating agents on sulfur-sulfur bonds in per- and polysulfides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102368. [PMID: 37473483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polysulfides are sulfane sulfur species produced inside living cells, in organisms as diverse as bacteria, plants and humans, but their biological roles remain to be fully understood. Unfortunately, due to their reactivity, per- and polysulfides are easily altered, interconverted or lost during the processing and analysis of biological material. Thus, all current analytical methods make use of alkylating agents, to quench reactivity of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides and also to prevent free thiols from attacking sulfur chains in hydropolysulfides and dialkyl polysulfides. However, recent findings reveal that alkylating agents can also destroy per- and polysulfides, to varying degrees, depending on the choice of alkylating agent. Here, we discuss the challenges associated with the alkylation of per- and polysulfides, the single most important step for their preservation and detection in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schilling
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eszter Petra Jurányi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, ELKH-ÁTE Laboratory of Redox Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Organosulfur functionalities are ubiquitous in nature, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials and flavourants. Historically, these moieties were introduced almost exclusively using ionic chemistry; however, radical-based methods for the installation of sulfur-based functional groups have recently come to the fore. These radical methods have enabled their late-stage introduction into complex molecules, avoiding the need to preserve labile organosulfur moieties through multistep synthetic sequences. Here, we discuss homolytic C-S bond-forming processes, with a particular emphasis on radical substitution approaches to sulfide, disulfide and sulfinyl products, and the use of sulfur dioxide and its surrogates to build sulfonyl products. We also highlight the mechanistic considerations that we hope will guide further development of radical-based strategies compatible with the various organosulfur moieties that feature in modern chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Lindahl S, Xian M. Recent development of polysulfides: Chemistry and biological applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102325. [PMID: 37216872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polysulfides (RSSnSR, n ≥ 1) are a class of sulfane sulfur compounds that have gained significant recent attention due to their connections to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydropersulfides (RSSH), which are known to play important roles in redox signaling. While the potential regulatory functions of polysulfides in biological systems have been recognized for a long time, understanding their interactions with H2S/RSSH have only recently begun. In this Mini Review, some of the most recent discoveries of polysulfides within biological contexts are summarized and these include their biological formation pathways, detection methods for animal and plant samples, properties, and unique functions. These studies have set up a solid foundation for understanding polysulfide biology, and more mechanistic details are expected to be discovered in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, RI, 02912, USA.
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10
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Lao T, Chen J, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Cao G, Su Z, Yu Y, Cao H. Visible-light-induced synthesis of N-disulfanyl indoles, pyrroles or carbazoles via the construction of stable S-S-N bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:458-461. [PMID: 36519391 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient visible-light-induced approach for the formation of stable S-S-N bonds has been developed. Through these photocatalytic reactions, a series of N-disulfanyl indoles, pyrroles and carbazoles were afforded with good to excellent yields. Moreover, the gram-scale experiment has confirmed the practicability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Lao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Xianhang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Ziwu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Gao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. .,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. .,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan 528437, China
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11
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Hydropersulfides inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by scavenging radicals. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:28-37. [PMID: 36109647 PMCID: PMC7613997 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by radical-driven lipid peroxidation, leading to membrane damage and rupture. Here we show that enzymatically produced sulfane sulfur (S0) species, specifically hydropersulfides, scavenge endogenously generated free radicals and, thereby, suppress lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. By providing sulfur for S0 biosynthesis, cysteine can support ferroptosis resistance independently of the canonical GPX4 pathway. Our results further suggest that hydropersulfides terminate radical chain reactions through the formation and self-recombination of perthiyl radicals. The autocatalytic regeneration of hydropersulfides may explain why low micromolar concentrations of persulfides suffice to produce potent cytoprotective effects on a background of millimolar concentrations of glutathione. We propose that increased S0 biosynthesis is an adaptive cellular response to radical-driven lipid peroxidation, potentially representing a primordial radical protection system.
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12
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Kaneko T, Mita Y, Nozawa-Kumada K, Yazaki M, Arisawa M, Niki E, Noguchi N, Saito Y. Antioxidant action of persulfides and polysulfides against free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:677-690. [PMID: 36630595 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2165918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, hydropersulfides, and hydropolysulfides have been revealed to play important physiological roles such as cell signaling and protection against oxidative stress, but the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of action remain elusive. It is generally accepted that these species act by two-electron redox mechanisms, while the involvement of one-electron redox chemistry has received less attention. In this study, the radical-scavenging activity of hydrogen persulfide, hydrogen polysulfides (HSnH n = 2-4), and diallyl- or dialkyl-sulfides (RSnR, n = 1-4) was measured. Furthermore, their antioxidant effects against free radical-mediated human plasma lipid peroxidation were assessed by measuring lipid hydroperoxides. It was found that disodium disulfide, trisulfide, and tetrasulfide acted as potent peroxyl radical scavengers, the rate constant for scavenging peroxyl radical being 3.5 × 105, 4.0 × 105, and 6.0 × 105 M-1 s-1 in PBS pH 7.4 at 37 °C respectively and that they inhibited plasma lipid peroxidation efficiently, the efficacy is increased with the catenation number. Disodium tetrasulfide was 1.5 times as reactive as Trolox toward peroxyl radical and inhibited plasma lipid peroxidation more efficiently than ascorbate and Trolox. On the other hand, diallyl- and dialkyl-sulfides did not exert significant radical-scavenging activity, nor did they inhibit lipid peroxidation efficiently, except for diallyl tetrasulfide, which suppressed plasma lipid peroxidation, despite less significantly than disodium tetrasulfide. Collectively, this study shows that hydrogen persulfide and hydrogen polysulfides act as potent radical-scavenging antioxidants and that, in addition to two-electron redox mechanisms, one electron redox reaction may also play important role in the in vivo defense against deleterious oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kaneko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mita
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masana Yazaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mieko Arisawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuo Niki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Wu Z, Khodade VS, Chauvin JPR, Rodriguez D, Toscano JP, Pratt DA. Hydropersulfides Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation and Protect Cells from Ferroptosis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15825-15837. [PMID: 35977425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are believed to serve important roles in vivo, including as scavengers of damaging oxidants and electrophiles. The α-effect makes RSSH not only much better nucleophiles than thiols (RSH), but also much more potent H-atom transfer agents. Since HAT is the mechanism of action of the most potent small-molecule inhibitors of phospholipid peroxidation and associated ferroptotic cell death, we have investigated their reactivity in this context. Using the fluorescence-enabled inhibited autoxidation (FENIX) approach, we have found RSSH to be highly reactive toward phospholipid-derived peroxyl radicals (kinh = 2 × 105 M-1 s-1), equaling the most potent ferroptosis inhibitors identified to date. Related (poly)sulfide products resulting from the rapid self-reaction of RSSH under physiological conditions (e.g., disulfide, trisulfide, H2S) are essentially unreactive, but combinations from which RSSH can be produced in situ (i.e., polysulfides with H2S or thiols with H2S2) are effective. In situ generation of RSSH from designed precursors which release RSSH via intramolecular substitution or hydrolysis improve the radical-trapping efficiency of RSSH by minimizing deleterious self-reactions. A brief survey of structure-reactivity relationships enabled the design of new precursors that are more efficient. The reactivity of RSSH and their precursors translates from (phospho)lipid bilayers to cell culture (mouse embryonic fibroblasts), where they were found to inhibit ferroptosis induced by inactivation of glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) or deletion of the gene encoding it. These results suggest that RSSH and the pathways responsible for their biosynthesis may act as a ferroptosis suppression system alongside the recently discovered FSP1/ubiquinone and GCH1/BH4/DHFR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe R Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deborah Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
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14
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Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Aromatic Oligosulfides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123961. [PMID: 35745083 PMCID: PMC9229798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural or synthetic antioxidants with biomimetic fragments protect the functional and structural integrity of biological molecules at a minimum concentration, and may be used as potential chemotherapeutic agents. This paper is devoted to in silico and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of synthetic analogues of natural compounds—aromatic oligosulfides. The antiradical and SOD-protective activity of oligosulfides was demonstrated in the reaction with O2–• generated in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. It was found that phenol-containing disulfides significantly reduced the accumulation level of hydroperoxides and secondary carbonyl thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which are primary products of oleic acid peroxidation. The antioxidant efficiency of bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide increased over time due to the synergistic action of the 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol fragment and the disulfide linker. The highest cytotoxicity on the A-549 and HCT-116 cell lines was found for bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) disulfide. Significant induction of apoptosis in HCT-116 cells in the presence of bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) disulfide indicates the prospect of its use as an antitumor agent. The significant and moderate dependences revealed between various types of activities of the studied aromatic oligosulfides can be used in the development of a strategy for the synthesis and study of target-oriented compounds with predictable biological activity.
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15
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Efficient preparation of unsymmetrical disulfides by nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling strategy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2588. [PMID: 35546155 PMCID: PMC9095708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfides are widely found in natural products and find a wide range of applications in life sciences, materials chemistry and other fields. The preparation of disulfides mainly rely on oxidative couplings of two sulfur containing compounds. This strategy has many side reactions and other shortcomings. Herein, we describe the reductive nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with symmetrical alkyl- and aryltetrasulfides to form alkyl-alkyl and aryl-alkyl unsymmetrical disulfides. This approach for disulfide synthesis is practical, relies on easily available, unfunctionalized substrates, and is scalable. We investigated the mechanism of this transformation and found that the tetrasulfide compound does not selectively break the central S–S bond, but regio-selectively generates trisulfide intermediates. The preparation of disulfides mainly relies on oxidative couplings of two sulfur-containing compounds, a strategy which has side reactions and other shortcomings. In this work, the authors present a reductive nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with symmetrical tetrasulfides to form unsymmetrical disulfides, proceeding via trisulfide intermediates.
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16
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AoP-LSE: Antioxidant Proteins Classification Using Deep Latent Space Encoding of Sequence Features. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1489-1501. [PMID: 34698113 PMCID: PMC8928959 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of utmost importance to develop a computational method for accurate prediction of antioxidants, as they play a vital role in the prevention of several diseases caused by oxidative stress. In this correspondence, we present an effective computational methodology based on the notion of deep latent space encoding. A deep neural network classifier fused with an auto-encoder learns class labels in a pruned latent space. This strategy has eliminated the need to separately develop classifier and the feature selection model, allowing the standalone model to effectively harness discriminating feature space and perform improved predictions. A thorough analytical study has been presented alongwith the PCA/tSNE visualization and PCA-GCNR scores to show the discriminating power of the proposed method. The proposed method showed a high MCC value of 0.43 and a balanced accuracy of 76.2%, which is superior to the existing models. The model has been evaluated on an independent dataset during which it outperformed the contemporary methods by correctly identifying the novel proteins with an accuracy of 95%.
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17
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Poon JF, Farmer LA, Haidasz EA, Pratt DA. Temperature-dependence of radical-trapping activity of phenoxazine, phenothiazine and their aza-analogues clarifies the way forward for new antioxidant design. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11065-11079. [PMID: 34522304 PMCID: PMC8386644 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02976b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prediction and/or rationalization of diarylamine radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA) activity at the elevated temperatures where they are most useful presents a significant challenge, precluding the development of new technology. Whilst structure-activity relationships at ambient temperatures are well established, their predictive capacity at elevated temperatures is poor due to competing reactions. A striking example involves phenoxazine, which is a superior RTA relative to its sulfur analog phenothiazine at ambient temperature (e.g. k = 3.9 × 107 vs. 7.6 × 106 M-1 s-1 at 37 °C, respectively), but is demonstrably inferior at elevated temperatures. Despite being inherently less oxidizable in electrochemical experiments and high-accuracy computations, phenoxazine is more rapidly consumed than phenothiazine in autoxidations at 160 °C - a result which we attribute to a lower reorganization energy barrier to oxidation. Given these observations, we surmised that incorporation of an electronegative N-atom into the phenoxazine ring system would decrease the driving force for oxidation and 'rescue' its activity. Indeed, this was found to be the case for nitrogen incorporation at any position, regardless of the impact on the inherent RTA activity. Analogous experiments were carried out on phenothiazines into which nitrogen atoms were incorporated, revealing little benefit at 160 °C. These results suggest that for highly reactive diarylamines (i.e. those with k > 106 M-1 s-1), further enhancements in reactivity do not materially improve their ability to inhibit hydrocarbon autoxidation at elevated temperatures. Instead, their stability to one-electron oxidation determines their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Luke A Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Evan A Haidasz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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18
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Abstract
Autoxidation limits the longevity of essentially all hydrocarbons and materials made therefrom - including us. The radical chain reaction responsible often leads to complex mixtures of hydroperoxides, alkyl peroxides, alcohols, carbonyls and carboxylic acids, which change the physical properties of the material - be it a lubricating oil or biological membrane. Autoxidation is inhibited by addtitives such as radical-trapping antioxidants, which intervene directly in the chain reaction. Herein we review the most salient features of autoxidation and its inhibition, emphasizing concepts and mechanistic considerations important in understanding this chemistry across the wide range of contexts in which it is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Helberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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19
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Wu Z, Pratt DA. A Divergent Strategy for Site-Selective Radical Disulfuration of Carboxylic Acids with Trisulfide-1,1-Dioxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15598-15605. [PMID: 33929774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The direct conversion of carboxylic acids into disulfides is described. The approach employs oxidative photocatalysis for base-promoted decarboxylation of the substrate, which yields an alkyl radical that reacts with a trisulfide dioxide through homolytic substitution. The trisulfide dioxides are easily prepared by a newly described approach. 1°, 2°, and 3° carboxylic acids with varied substitution are good substrates, including amino acids and substrates with highly activated C-H bonds. Trisulfide dioxides are also used to achieve the γ-C(sp3 )-H disulfuration of amides through a radical relay sequence. In both reactions, the sulfonyl radical that results from substitution propagates the reaction. Factors governing the selectivity of substitution at S2 versus S3 of the trisulfide dioxides have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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Wu Z, Pratt DA. A Divergent Strategy for Site‐Selective Radical Disulfuration of Carboxylic Acids with Trisulfide‐1,1‐Dioxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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21
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Osipova V, Polovinkina M, Gracheva Y, Shpakovsky D, Osipova A, Berberova N. Antioxidant activity of some organosulfur compounds in vitro. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Hu G, Cai K, Li Y, Hui T, Wang Z, Chen C, Xu B, Zhang D. Significant inhibition of garlic essential oilon benzo[a]pyrene formation in charcoal-grilled pork sausagesrelates to sulfide compounds. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110127. [PMID: 33641994 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To addgarlic more conveniently, the substitute-garlic essential oil(GEO)is wildly applied in meat product for flavor improvement. However, the effects of GEOon chemical hazard formation, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in meat processing have not been studied. This study focused on the inhibitory effect of garlic (0.05-0.15%, w/w), GEO (0.002-0.006%, w/w) and the active sulfide compounds (0.006%, w/w) on the formation of BaP in charcoal-grilled pork sausages. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the garlic, GEO and sulfide compounds was also determined. The results showed that the garlic was efficient in the decrease of DPPH free radicals (14.91-23.39%) and BaP content (37.2-62.3%). GEO was also efficient in scavenging DPPH free radicals (14.17-26.20%) and reducing BaP formation (29.1-57.1%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis identified a total of 41 compounds, of which six major sulfide compounds (allyl methyl sulfide, diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide and diallyl trisulfide) were screened to assess their inhibition of BaP generation. The BaP inhibition of these sulfide compounds were dependent on the number of sulfur (-S-) and thioallyl group (-S-CH2-CH═CH2); and allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) showed the highest BaP inhibition (63.3%). A significant correlation was found between their BaP inhibition and DPPH scavenging activity (Spearman correlation = 0.91, P < 0.001), which indicates that the mechanism of sulfides influencing BaP formation in grilling sausage is related to free radical reaction. Our research gives an insight into the theoretical basis about application of GEO to inhibit BaP during food processing and supports use of GEO as a natural additive in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kezhou Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Hui
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Conggui Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baocai Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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23
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Effects of ethylthiosulfanylate and chromium (VI) on the state of pro/antioxidant system in rat liver. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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24
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Decarboxylative thiolation of redox-active esters to free thiols and further diversification. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5340. [PMID: 33087708 PMCID: PMC7578659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiols are important precursors for the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceutically important sulfur-containing compounds. In view of the versatile reactivity of free thiols, here we report the development of a visible light-mediated direct decarboxylative thiolation reaction of alkyl redox-active esters to free thiols based on the abundant carboxylic acid feedstock. This transformation is applicable to various carboxylic acids, including primary, secondary, and tertiary acids as well as natural products and drugs, forging a general and facile access to free thiols with diverse structures. Moreover, the direct access to free thiols affords an advantage of rapid in situ diversification with high efficiency to other important thiol derivatives such as sulfide, disulfide, thiocyanide, thioselenide, etc. Thiols are important precursors for the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceutically important sulfur-containing compounds. Here, the authors report a visible light-mediated decarboxylative thiolation of alkyl redox-active esters to free thiols and the in situ product diversification of a number of thiol derivatives.
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25
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Eleftheriadou D, Kesidou D, Moura F, Felli E, Song W. Redox-Responsive Nanobiomaterials-Based Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907308. [PMID: 32940007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation has recently been proposed as a critical intracellular mechanism affecting cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Redox homeostasis has also been implicated in a variety of degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, it is hypothesized that markers of oxidative stress precede pathologic lesions in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested so far to improve the endogenous defense against oxidative stress and its harmful effects. Among such approaches, the use of artificial antioxidant systems has gained increased popularity as an effective strategy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems loaded with enzymes, bioinspired catalytic nanoparticles and other nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates. The development of degradable hydrogels scaffolds with antioxidant effects could also enable scientists to positively influence cell fate. This current review summarizes nanobiomaterial-based approaches for redox regulation and their potential applications as central nervous system neurodegenerative disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Eleftheriadou
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Despoina Kesidou
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Francisco Moura
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Eric Felli
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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26
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Abstract
Radical substitution on tetrasulfides is demonstrated to be a highly effective means to prepare unsymmetric disulfides. Alkyl and aryl radicals generated thermally or photochemically underwent substitution on readily prepared dialkyl, diaryl, and diacyl tetrasulfides to yield the corresponding disulfides in good to excellent yields. Classic and contemporary thermal and photochemical radical sources could be employed; while photoredox catalysis approaches led to either oxidation or reduction of the tetrasulfide, energy transfer photocatalysis was particularly useful. The success of the approach is driven by the thermodynamic stability of the perthiyl radicals formed upon substitution on the tetrasulfide; they simply combine under the reaction conditions to provide the starting tetrasulfide. Competition kinetic experiments reveal that alkyl radical substitution on tetrasulfides is a rapid reaction (6 × 105 M-1 s-1) that is enhanced at least 6-fold upon moving from dialkyl tetrasulfide to diacyl tetrasulfide due to favorable polar effects. This unique and versatile reaction enables introduction of disulfide moieties from a variety of radical precursors and straightforward access to hydropersulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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27
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Raycroft MAR, Chauvin JPR, Galliher MS, Romero KJ, Stephenson CRJ, Pratt DA. Quinone methide dimers lacking labile hydrogen atoms are surprisingly excellent radical-trapping antioxidants. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5676-5689. [PMID: 32832049 PMCID: PMC7422964 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinone method dimers, (bio)synthetic intermediates en route to many naturally products derived from resveratrol, are potent radical-trapping antioxidants, besting the phenols from which they are derived and to which they can be converted.
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is the mechanism by which the vast majority of radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs), such as hindered phenols, inhibit autoxidation. As such, at least one weak O–H bond is the key structural feature which underlies the reactivity of phenolic RTAs. We recently observed that quinone methide dimers (QMDs) synthesized from hindered phenols are significantly more reactive RTAs than the phenols themselves despite lacking O–H bonds. Herein we describe our efforts to elucidate the mechanism by which they inhibit autoxidation. Four possible reaction paths were considered: (1) HAT from the C–H bonds on the carbon atoms which link the quinone methide moieties; (2) tautomerization or hydration of the quinone methide(s) in situ followed by HAT from the resultant phenolic O–H; (3) direct addition of peroxyl radicals to the quinone methide(s), and (4) homolysis of the weak central C–C bond in the QMD followed by combination of the resultant persistent phenoxyl radicals with peroxyl radicals. The insensitivity of the reactivity of the QMDs to substituent effects, solvent effects and a lack of kinetic isotope effects rule out the HAT reactions (mechanisms 1 and 2). Simple (monomeric) quinone methides, to which peroxyl radicals add, were found to be ca. 100-fold less reactive than the QMDs, ruling out mechanism 3. These facts, combined with the poor RTA activity we observe for a QMD with a stronger central C–C bond, support mechanism 4. The lack of solvent effects on the RTA activity of QMDs suggests that they may find application as additives to materials which contain H-bonding accepting moieties that can dramatically suppress the reactivity of conventional RTAs, such as phenols. This reactivity does not extend to biological membranes owing to the increased microviscosity of the phospholipid bilayer, which suppresses QMD dissociation in favour of recombination. Interestingly, the simple QMs were found to be very good RTAs in phospholipid bilayers – besting even the most potent form of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A R Raycroft
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Jean-Philippe R Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Matthew S Galliher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Kevin J Romero
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | | | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
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28
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Cabrera-García A, Blay-Roger R, Blay V, Ravelo ÁG, Martín-Zarza P. Histamine, an effective initiator for the synthesis of polysulfides. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00411d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-free and metal-free synthesis of highly pure polysulfides is described using histamine, a primary amine, as an initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubén Blay-Roger
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Vincent Blay
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- School of Dentistry
- University of California San Francisco
- San Francisco
- USA
| | - Ángel G. Ravelo
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González
- E-38206 La Laguna
- Spain
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