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Ko CH, Wastian P, Schanzenbach D, Müller-Buschbaum P, Laschewsky A, Papadakis CM. Dynamic Behavior of Poly( N-isopropylmethacrylamide) in Neat Water and in Water/Methanol Mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15150-15160. [PMID: 38980191 PMCID: PMC11270994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the collective dynamics of thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) in aqueous solution and in water/methanol mixtures in the one-phase region. In neat water, the polymer concentration c is varied in a wide range around the overlap concentration c*, that is estimated at 23 g L-1. Using dynamic light scattering (DLS), two decays ("modes") are consistently observed in the intensity autocorrelation functions for c = 2-150 g L-1 with relaxation rates which are proportional to the square of the momentum transfer. Below c*, these are attributed to the diffusion of single chains and to clusters from PNIPMAM that are formed due to hydrophobic interactions. Above c*, they are assigned to the diffusion of the chain segments between overlap points and to long-range concentration fluctuations. From the temperature-dependent behavior of the overall scattering intensities and the dynamic correlation lengths of the fast mode, the critical temperatures and the scaling exponents are determined. The latter are significantly lower than the static values predicted by mean-field theory, which may be related to the presence of the large-scale inhomogeneities. The effect of the cosolvent methanol on the dynamics is investigated for polymer solutions having c = 30 g L-1 and methanol volume fractions in the solvent mixtures of up to 60 vol %. The phase diagram was established by differential scanning calorimetry. The slow mode detected by DLS becomes significantly weaker as methanol is added, i.e., the solutions become more homogeneous. Beyond the minimum of the coexistence line, which is located at 40-50 vol % of methanol, the dynamics is qualitatively different from the one at lower methanol contents. Thus, going from the water-rich to the methanol-rich side of the miscibility gap, the change of interaction of the PNIPMAM chains with the two solvents has a severe effect on the collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Ko
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Soft Matter Physics
Group, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Patrick Wastian
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Soft Matter Physics
Group, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Schanzenbach
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Chair for Functional
Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institut
für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Soft Matter Physics
Group, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Fillaudeau A, Cuenot S, Makshakova O, Traboni S, Sinquin C, Hennetier M, Bedini E, Perez S, Colliec-Jouault S, Zykwinska A. Glycosaminoglycan-mimetic infernan grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Toward a thermosensitive polysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121638. [PMID: 38142103 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential constituents of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, where they are involved in several cellular processes through their interactions with various proteins. For successful tissue regeneration, developing an appropriate matrix supporting biological activities of cells in a similar manner than GAGs remains still challenging. In this context, this study aims to design a thermosensitive polysaccharide that could further be used as hydrogel for tissue engineering applications. For this purpose, infernan, a marine bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) endowed with GAG-mimetic properties was grafted with a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). Eight grafted polysaccharides were obtained by varying EPS/pNIPAM molar ratio and the molecular weight of pNIPAM. Their physicochemical characteristics and their thermosensitive properties were determined using a multi-technique, experimental approach. In parallel, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations were applied at two different scales to elucidate, respectively, the molecular conformation of grafted infernan chain and their ability to form an infinite network undergoing a sol-gel transition near the percolation, a necessary condition in hydrogel formation. It comes out from this study that thermosensitive infernan was successfully developed and its potential use in tissue regeneration as a hydrogel scaffold will further be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fillaudeau
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Cuenot
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, France.
| | - Olga Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Corinne Sinquin
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Hennetier
- Plateforme Toulouse Field-Flow Fractionation Center, TFFFC, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Agata Zykwinska
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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3
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Papadakis CM, Niebuur BJ, Schulte A. Thermoresponsive Polymers under Pressure with a Focus on Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1-20. [PMID: 38149782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Pressure is a key variable in the phase behavior of responsive polymers, both for applications and from a fundamental point of view. In this feature article, we review recent developments, particularly applications of neutron techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS), across the temperature-pressure phase diagram. These are complemented by kinetic SANS experiments following pressure jumps. In the prototype system poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), QENS revealed the pressure-dependent characteristics of hydration water around the lower critical solution temperature transition. The size, water content, and inner structure of the mesoglobules formed in the two-phase region depend strongly on pressure, as shown by SANS. Beside these changes at the phase transition, the mesoglobule formation at low pressure is determined by kinetic factors, namely the formation of a polymer-rich, rigid shell, which hampers further growth by coalescence. At high pressure, in contrast, the growth proceeds by diffusion-limited coalescence without any kinetic hindrance. The disintegration of the mesoglobules evolves either via chain release from their surface or via swelling, depending on the osmotic pressure of the water. Moreover, we report on the profound influence of pressure on the cononsolvency effect. In the temperature-pressure frame, the one-phase region is hugely expanded upon the addition of the cosolvent methanol. SANS experiments unveil the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter between the segments and the solvent mixture. QENS experiments demonstrate an increase in polymer associated water with pressure, whereas methanol is released. Correspondingly, the solvent phase becomes enriched in methanol, providing a mechanism for the breakdown of cononsolvency at a high pressure. Finally, we outline future opportunities for high-pressure studies of thermoresponsive polymers, with a focus on neutron methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Papadakis
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Soft Matter Physics Group, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bart-Jan Niebuur
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Soft Matter Physics Group, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alfons Schulte
- Department of Physics and College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, United States
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Qian Y, Lu S, Meng J, Chen W, Li J. Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels Coupled with Photothermal Agents for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300214. [PMID: 37526220 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent hydrogels are materials with abilities to change their chemical nature or physical structure in response to external stimuli showing promising potential in multitudinous applications. Especially, photo-thermo coupled responsive hydrogels that are prepared by encapsulating photothermal agents into thermo-responsive hydrogel matrix exhibit more attractive advantages in biomedical applications owing to their spatiotemporal control and precise therapy. This work summarizes the latest progress of the photo-thermo coupled responsive hydrogel in biomedical applications. Three major elements of the photo-thermo coupled responsive hydrogel, i.e., thermo-responsive hydrogel matrix, photothermal agents, and construction methods are introduced. Furthermore, the recent developments of these hydrogels for biomedical applications are described with some selected examples. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for photo-thermo coupled responsive hydrogels are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Qian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Sha Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianqiang Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wansong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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5
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Henschel C, Schanzenbach D, Laschewsky A, Ko CH, Papadakis CM, Müller-Buschbaum P. Thermoresponsive and co-nonsolvency behavior of poly(N-vinyl isobutyramide) and poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) as poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) analogs in aqueous media. Colloid Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sets of the nonionic polymers poly(N-vinyl isobutyramide) (pNVIBAm) and poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (pNIPMAm) are synthesized by radical polymerization covering the molar mass range from about 20,000 to 150,000 kg mol−1, and their thermoresponsive and solvent-responsive behaviors in aqueous solution are studied. Both polymers feature a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) apparently of the rare so-called type II, as characteristic for their well-studied analogue poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAm). Moreover, in analogy to pNIPAm, both polymers exhibit co-nonsolvency behavior in mixtures of water with several co-solvents, including short-chain alcohols as well as a range of polar aprotic solvents. While the cloud points of the aqueous solutions are a few degrees higher than those for pNIPAm and increase in the order pNIPAm < pNVIBAm < pNIPMAm, the co-nonsolvency behavior becomes less pronounced in the order pNIPAm > pNVIBAm > pNIPMAm. Exceptionally, pNIPMAm does not show co-nonsolvency in mixtures of water and N,N-dimethylformamide.
Graphical Abstract
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6
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Van Wyck SJ, Fayer MD. Dynamics of Acrylamide Hydrogels, Polymers, and Monomers in Water Measured with Optical Heterodyne-Detected Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1276-1286. [PMID: 36706351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of acrylamide monomers (AAm), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAAm-HG) in water were studied using optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE) spectroscopy. Previous ultrafast infrared (IR) measurements of the water dynamics showed that at the same concentration of the acrylamide moiety, AAm, PAAm, and PAAm-HG exhibited identical water dynamics and that these dynamics slowed with increasing concentration. In contrast to the IR measurements, OHD-OKE experiments measure the dynamics of both the water and the acrylamide species, which occur on different time scales. In this study, the dynamics of all the acrylamide systems slowed with increasing concentration. We found that AAm exhibits tetraexponential decays, the longest component of which followed Debye-Stokes-Einstein behavior except for the highest concentration, 40% (w/v). Low concentrations of PAAm followed a single power law decay, while high concentrations of PAAm and all concentrations of PAAm-HG decayed with two power laws. The highest concentrations, 25% and 40%, of PAAm and PAAm-HG showed nearly identical dynamics. We interpreted this result as reflecting a similar extent of chain-chain interactions. At low concentrations, PAAm displays non-Markovian, single-chain dynamics (single power law), but PAAm displays entangled chain-chain interactions at high concentrations (two power laws). PAAm-HG has chain-chain interactions at all concentrations that arise from the cross-linking. At high concentrations, the dynamics of the entangled of PAAm become identical within error as those of the cross-linked PAAm-HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Van Wyck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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7
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Roget SA, Carter-Fenk KA, Fayer MD. Water Dynamics in Aqueous Poly- N-Isopropylacrylamide Below and Through the Lower Critical Solution Temperature. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7066-7075. [PMID: 36067498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) is a thermo-responsive polymer that exhibits a reversible structural change from extended chains to aggregates in aqueous solution above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Using polarization-selective IR pump-probe spectroscopy, the water orientational dynamics in PNIPAM from below to above the LCST were examined and compared to those of its monomer solution, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), polyacrylamide, and an acrylamide monomer solution, which are not thermo-responsive. The OD stretch of dilute HOD in H2O is used as a vibrational probe of water orientational dynamics. Below the LCST of the polymer, NIPAM and PNIPAM solutions exhibited identical water dynamics that were significantly different from those of bulk water, containing both faster and slower components due to solute-water interactions. Therefore, there is no difference in the nature of water interactions with a single NIPAM moiety and a long polymer chain. For all systems, including PNIPAM below and above the LCST, the orientational dynamics were modeled with a bulk water component and a polymer/monomer-associated component based on previous experimental and computational findings. Above the LCST, PNIPAM showed fast water orientational relaxation but much slower long-time dynamics compared to those of NIPAM. The slow component in PNIPAM, which was too slow to be accurately measured due to the limited OD vibrational lifetime, is ascribed to water confined in small voids (<2 nm in diameter) of PNIPAM globules. These results highlight important details about thermo-responsive polymers and the dynamics of their solvation water as they undergo a significant structural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Roget
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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8
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Wang P, Geiger C, Kreuzer LP, Widmann T, Reitenbach J, Liang S, Cubitt R, Henschel C, Laschewsky A, Papadakis CM, Müller-Buschbaum P. Poly(sulfobetaine)-Based Diblock Copolymer Thin Films in Water/Acetone Atmosphere: Modulation of Water Hydration and Co-nonsolvency-Triggered Film Contraction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6934-6948. [PMID: 35609178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The water swelling and subsequent solvent exchange including co-nonsolvency behavior of thin films of a doubly thermo-responsive diblock copolymer (DBC) are studied via spectral reflectance, time-of-flight neutron reflectometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The DBC consists of a thermo-responsive zwitterionic (poly(4-((3-methacrylamidopropyl) dimethylammonio) butane-1-sulfonate)) (PSBP) block, featuring an upper critical solution temperature transition in aqueous media but being insoluble in acetone, and a nonionic poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) block, featuring a lower critical solution temperature transition in water, while being soluble in acetone. Homogeneous DBC films of 50-100 nm thickness are first swollen in saturated water vapor (H2O or D2O), before they are subjected to a contraction process by exposure to mixed saturated water/acetone vapor (H2O or D2O/acetone-d6 = 9:1 v/v). The affinity of the DBC film toward H2O is stronger than for D2O, as inferred from the higher film thickness in the swollen state and the higher absorbed water content, thus revealing a pronounced isotope sensitivity. During the co-solvent-induced switching by mixed water/acetone vapor, a two-step film contraction is observed, which is attributed to the delayed expulsion of water molecules and uptake of acetone molecules. The swelling kinetics are compared for both mixed vapors (H2O/acetone-d6 and D2O/acetone-d6) and with those of the related homopolymer films. Moreover, the concomitant variations of the local environment around the hydrophilic groups located in the PSBP and PNIPMAM blocks are followed. The first contraction step turns out to be dominated by the behavior of the PSBP block, whereas the second one is dominated by the PNIPMAM block. The unusual swelling and contraction behavior of the latter block is attributed to its co-nonsolvency behavior. Furthermore, we observe cooperative hydration effects in the DBC films, that is, both polymer blocks influence each other's solvation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Wang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Christina Geiger
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Tobias Widmann
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Julija Reitenbach
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Suzhe Liang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Robert Cubitt
- Institut-Laue-Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Cristiane Henschel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Street 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Street 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselberg Street 69, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenberg Street 1, Garching 85748, Germany
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9
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Tavagnacco L, Zaccarelli E, Chiessi E. Modeling Solution Behavior of Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide): A Comparison between Water Models. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3778-3788. [PMID: 35491838 PMCID: PMC9150113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Water is known to
play a fundamental role in determining the structure
and functionality of macromolecules. The same crucial contribution
is also found in the in silico description of polymer aqueous solutions.
In this work, we exploit the widely investigated synthetic polymer
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to understand
the effect of the adopted water model on its solution behavior and
to refine the computational setup. By means of atomistic molecular
dynamics simulations, we perform a comparative study of PNIPAM aqueous
solution using two advanced water models: TIP4P/2005 and TIP4P/Ice.
The conformation and hydration features of an atactic 30-mer at infinite
dilution are probed at a range of temperature and pressure suitable
to detect the coil-to-globule transition and to map the P–T
phase diagram. Although both water models can reproduce the temperature-induced
coil-to-globule transition at atmospheric pressure and the polymer
hydration enhancement that occurs with increasing pressure, the PNIPAM–TIP4P/Ice
solution shows better agreement with experimental findings. This result
can be attributed to a stronger interaction of TIP4P/Ice water with
both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups of PNIPAM, as well as to a
less favorable contribution of the solvent entropy to the coil-to-globule
transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Tavagnacco
- CNR-ISC and Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A, Moro 2, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC and Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A, Moro 2, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ester Chiessi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica I, Rome 00133, Italy
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10
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Effect of the macromolecular architecture on the thermoresponsive behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in copolymers with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) in aqueous solutions: Block vs random copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Mellati A, Hasanzadeh E, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Enderami SE. Injectable nanocomposite hydrogels as an emerging platform for biomedical applications: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112489. [PMID: 34857275 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have attracted much attention for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to the similarity of their biomimetic structure to the extracellular matrix of natural living tissues, tunable soft porous microarchitecture, superb biomechanical properties, proper biocompatibility, etc. Injectable hydrogels are an exciting type of hydrogels that can be easily injected into the target sites using needles or catheters in a minimally invasive manner. The more comfortable use, less pain, faster recovery period, lower costs, and fewer side effects make injectable hydrogels more attractive to both patients and clinicians in comparison to non-injectable hydrogels. However, it is difficult to achieve an ideal injectable hydrogel using just a single material (i.e., polymer). This challenge can be overcome by incorporating nanofillers into the polymeric matrix to engineer injectable nanocomposite hydrogels with combined or synergistic properties gained from the constituents. This work aims to critically review injectable nanocomposite hydrogels, their preparation methods, properties, functionalities, and versatile biomedical and pharmaceutical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and cancer labeling and therapy. The most common natural and synthetic polymers as matrices together with the most popular nanomaterials as reinforcements, including nanoceramics, carbon-based nanostructures, metallic nanomaterials, and various nanosized polymeric materials, are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mellati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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12
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Xu S, Trujillo FJ, Xu J, Boyer C, Corrigan N. Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution on the Thermoresponsive Transition of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100212. [PMID: 34121259 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) homopolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) is prepared via photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. The thermal transition temperature of these polymer samples is analyzed via turbidity measurements in water/N,N'-dimethylformamide mixtures, which show that the cloud point temperatures are inversely proportional to the weight average molecular weight (Mw ). Binary mixtures of the narrowly distributed PNIPAm samples are also prepared and the statistical parameters for the MWDs of these blends are determined. Very interestingly, for binary blends of the PNIPAm samples, the thermoresponsive transition is not only dependent on the Mw , which has been shown previously, but also on higher order statistical parameters of the MWDs. Specifically, at very high values of skewness and kurtosis, the polymer blends deviate from a single sharp thermoresponsive transition toward a broader thermal response, and eventually to a regime of two more distinct transitions. This work highlights the importance of in-depth characterization of polymer MWDs for thermoresponsive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Francisco J Trujillo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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13
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Ben-Miled A, Nabiyan A, Wondraczek K, Schacher FH, Wondraczek L. Controlling Growth of Poly (Triethylene Glycol Acrylate- Co-Spiropyran Acrylate) Copolymer Liquid Films on a Hydrophilic Surface by Light and Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101633. [PMID: 34069828 PMCID: PMC8157298 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was employed for in situ investigations of the effect of temperature and light on the conformational changes of a poly (triethylene glycol acrylate-co-spiropyran acrylate) (P (TEGA-co-SPA)) copolymer containing 12-14% of spiropyran at the silica-water interface. By monitoring shifts in resonance frequency and in acoustic dissipation as a function of temperature and illumination conditions, we investigated the evolution of viscoelastic properties of the P (TEGA-co-SPA)-rich wetting layer growing on the sensor, from which we deduced the characteristic coil-to-globule transition temperature, corresponding to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PTEGA part. We show that the coil-to-globule transition of the adsorbed copolymer being exposed to visible or UV light shifts to lower LCST as compared to the bulk solution: the transition temperature determined acoustically on the surface is 4 to 8 K lower than the cloud point temperature reported by UV/VIS spectroscopy in aqueous solution. We attribute our findings to non-equilibrium effects caused by confinement of the copolymer chains on the surface. Thermal stimuli and light can be used to manipulate the film formation process and the film's conformational state, which affects its subsequent response behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ben-Miled
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (F.H.S.)
| | - Katrin Wondraczek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT), D-07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (F.H.S.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9-48500
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14
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Swift T, Hoskins R, Hicks J, Dyson E, Daignault M, Buckle D, Douglas CWI, MacNeil S, Rimmer S. Semi-interpenetrating Polyurethane Network Foams Containing Highly Branched Poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) with Vancomycin Functionality. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4319-4327. [PMID: 35006844 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HB-PNIPAM), functionalized with vancomycin at the chain ends, acted as a bacterial adhesive and was incorporated into polyurethane foams to form semi-interpenetrating networks. PNIPAM was labeled with a solvatochromic dye, Nile red. It was found that the thermal response of the polymer was dependent on the architecture, and temperature-dependent color changes were observed within the foam. The foams had open pore structures, and the presence of HB-PNIPAM substantially reduced the shrinkage of the foam as the temperature was increased up to 20 °C. The foams were selectively adhesive for Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria), and the presence of S. aureus was indicated by increased fluorescence intensity (590-800 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Swift
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD 7 1DP, U.K
| | - Richard Hoskins
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD 7 1DP, U.K
| | - John Hicks
- Smith and Nephew Wound Management, Hull HU3 2AH, U.K
| | - Edward Dyson
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD 7 1DP, U.K
| | - Marc Daignault
- The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | | | - C W Ian Douglas
- Dental School, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2T, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Stephen Rimmer
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD 7 1DP, U.K
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15
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Tavagnacco L, Chiessi E, Zaccarelli E. Molecular insights on poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) coil-to-globule transition induced by pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5984-5991. [PMID: 33666621 PMCID: PMC8247264 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
By using extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of an atactic linear polymer chain, we provide microscopic insights into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) coil-to-globule transition addressing the roles played by both temperature and pressure. We detect a coil-to-globule transition up to large pressures, showing a reentrant behavior of the critical temperature with increasing pressure in agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, again confirming the experimental findings, we report the existence at high pressures of a new kind of globular state. It is characterized by a more structured hydration shell that is closer to PNIPAM hydrophobic domains, as compared to the globular state observed at atmospheric pressure. Our results highlight that temperature and pressure induce a PNIPAM coil-to-globule transition through different molecular mechanisms, opening the way for a systematic use of both thermodynamic variables to tune the location of the transition and the properties of the associated swollen/collapsed states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Tavagnacco
- CNR-ISC and Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ester Chiessi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica I, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC and Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Ye Z, Su H, Lian C, Hu J, Shang Y, Liu H. Molecular understanding of the LCST phase behaviour of P(MEO 2MA-b-OEGMA) block copolymers. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1869735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yazhuo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Quoika PK, Podewitz M, Wang Y, Kamenik AS, Loeffler JR, Liedl KR. Thermosensitive Hydration of Four Acrylamide-Based Polymers in Coil and Globule Conformations. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9745-9756. [PMID: 33054215 PMCID: PMC7604866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
To
characterize the thermosensitive coil–globule transition in
atomistic detail, the conformational dynamics of linear polymer chains
of acrylamide-based polymers have been investigated at multiple temperatures.
Therefore, molecular dynamic simulations of 30mers of polyacrylamide
(AAm), poly-N-methylacrylamide (NMAAm), poly-N-ethylacrylamide (NEAAm), and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide
(NIPAAm) have been performed at temperatures ranging from 250 to 360
K for 2 μs. While two of the polymers are known to exhibit thermosensitivity
(NEAAm, NIPAAm), no thermosensitivity is observed for AAm and NMAAm
in aqueous solution. Our computer simulations consistently reproduce
these properties. To understand the thermosensitivity of the respective
polymers, the conformational ensembles at different temperatures have
been separated according to the coil–globule transition. The
coil and globule conformational ensembles were exhaustively analyzed
in terms of hydrogen bonding with the solvent, the change of the solvent
accessible surface, and enthalpic contributions. Surprisingly, independent
of different thermosensitive properties of the four polymers, the
surface affinity to water of coil conformations is higher than for
globule conformations. Therefore, polymer–solvent interactions
stabilize coil conformations at all temperatures. Nevertheless, the
enthalpic contributions alone cannot explain the differences in thermosensitivity.
This clearly implies that entropy is the distinctive factor for thermosensitivity.
With increasing side chain length, the lifetime of the hydrogen bonds
between the polymer surface and water is extended. Thus, we surmise
that a longer side chain induces a larger entropic penalty due to
immobilization of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Quoika
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Centre of Molecular Biosciences University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Centre of Molecular Biosciences University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Centre of Molecular Biosciences University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
| | - Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Centre of Molecular Biosciences University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
| | - Johannes R Loeffler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Centre of Molecular Biosciences University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Centre of Molecular Biosciences University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
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18
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Akar I, Keogh R, Blackman LD, Foster JC, Mathers RT, O’Reilly RK. Grafting Density Governs the Thermoresponsive Behavior of P(OEGMA- co-RMA) Statistical Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1149-1154. [PMID: 32850193 PMCID: PMC7441494 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive copolymers that exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) have been exploited to prepare stimuli-responsive materials for a broad range of applications. It is well understood that the LCST of such copolymers can be controlled by tuning molecular weight or through copolymerization of two known thermoresponsive monomers. However, no general methodology has been established to relate polymer properties to their temperature response in solution. Herein, we sought to develop a predictive relationship between polymer hydrophobicity and cloud point temperature (T CP). A series of statistical copolymers were synthesized based on hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and hydrophobic alkyl methacrylate monomers and their hydrophobicity was compared using surface area-normalized partition coefficients (log P oct/SA). However, while some insight was gained by comparing T CP and hydrophobicity values, further statistical analysis on both experimental and literature data showed that the molar percentage of comonomer (i.e., grafting density) was the strongest influencer of T CP, regardless of the comonomer used. The lack of dependence of T CP on comonomer chemistry implies that a broad range of functional, thermoresponsive materials can be prepared based on OEGMA by simply tuning grafting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Akar
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Keogh
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis D. Blackman
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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