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Wu M, Ma Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Dong J, Sun D. An ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 loading gold nanoparticles and horseradish peroxidase for detection of aflatoxin B1. Food Chem 2024; 456:140039. [PMID: 38906010 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins and poses a high risk to human health. Highly sensitive and rapid detection is one of the most effective preventive measures to avoid potential hazards. Herein, an electrochemical aptasensor based on DNA nanotetrahedron and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 loading gold nanoparticles, horseradish peroxidase, and aptamers was designed for the ultrasensitive detection of AFB1. The high specific surface area and large pore volume of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 can increase the loading capacity and further improve the detection sensitivity of electrochemical aptasensors. DNA nanotetrahedron can enhance the capture ability of AFB1 with steady immobilization. The developed aptasensor showed good analytical performance for AFB1 detection, with a detection limit of 3.9 pg mL-1 and a wide linear range of 0.01-100 ng mL-1. The aptasensor detected AFB1 in corn samples with recovery rates ranging from 94.19%-105.77% and has potential for use in food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqiang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaru Huang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China.
| | - Duanping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Ram TB, Krishnan S, Jeevanandam J, Danquah MK, Thomas S. Emerging Biohybrids of Aptamer-Based Nano-Biosensing Technologies for Effective Early Cancer Detection. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:425-453. [PMID: 38775897 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading global cause of mortality, which underscores the imperative of early detection for improved patient outcomes. Biorecognition molecules, especially aptamers, have emerged as highly effective tools for early and accurate cancer cell identification. Aptamers, with superior versatility in synthesis and modification, offer enhanced binding specificity and stability compared with conventional antibodies. Hence, this article reviews diagnostic strategies employing aptamer-based biohybrid nano-biosensing technologies, focusing on their utility in detecting cancer biomarkers and abnormal cells. Recent developments include the synthesis of nano-aptamers using diverse nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-derived substances, and biohybrid nanostructures. The integration of these nanomaterials with aptamers significantly enhances sensitivity and specificity, promising innovative and efficient approaches for cancer diagnosis. This convergence of nanotechnology with aptamer research holds the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment through rapid, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Polymer Science and Technology and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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3
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Liu L, Xiong H, Wang X, Jiang H. Gold nanomaterials: important vectors in biosensing of breast cancer biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3869-3885. [PMID: 38277010 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, and its incidence is increasing every year. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to improve the curability and prognosis of patients. However, existing detection methods often suffer from insufficient sensitivity and specificity, which limits their clinical application. Fortunately, the rapid development of nanotechnology offers new possibilities for diagnosing BC. For example, the unique physicochemical properties of gold nanomaterials (Au NMs), such as fascinating optical properties and quantum size effect, along with excellent biocompatibility and modifiability, enable them to manifest great potential in the field of biosensing, especially in the detection of BC biomarkers. Through fine surface modification and functionalization, Au NMs can accurately bind to specific antibodies, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, thus achieving sensitive and precise detection of specific biomarkers. Here, we focus on the research progress of Au NMs as a key biosensing vector in BC biomarker detection. From four major perspectives of early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, risk prediction, and bioimaging applications, we have thoroughly analyzed the broad application of Au NMs in BC biomarker detection and prospectively addressed its possible future trends. We hope this review will provide more comprehensive ideas for future researchers and promote the further development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Shahid S, Khan A, Shahid W, Rehan M, Asif R, Nisar H, Kanwal Q, Choi JR. Nanoenzymes: A Radiant Hope for the Early Diagnosis and Effective Treatment of Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5813-5835. [PMID: 38895143 PMCID: PMC11184228 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s460712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers, despite having chemotherapy and surgical treatment, still have the lowest survival rate. Experimental stages using nanoenzymes/nanozymes for ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment are being carried out, and correspondingly the current treatment approaches to treat breast cancer have a lot of adverse side effects, which is the reason why researchers and scientists are looking for new strategies with less side effects. Nanoenzymes have intrinsic enzyme-like activities and can reduce the shortcomings of naturally occurring enzymes due to the ease of storage, high stability, less expensive, and enhanced efficiency. In this review, we have discussed various ways in which nanoenzymes are being used to diagnose and treat breast and ovarian cancer. For breast cancer, nanoenzymes and their multi-enzymatic properties can control the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells or tissues, for example, oxidase (OXD) and peroxidase (POD) activity can be used to generate ROS, while catalase (CAT) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity can scavenge ROS. In the case of ovarian cancer, most commonly nanoceria is being investigated, and also when folic acid is combined with nanoceria there are additional advantages like inhibition of beta galactosidase. Nanocarriers are also used to deliver small interfering RNA that are effective in cancer treatment. Studies have shown that iron oxide nanoparticles are actively being used for drug delivery, similarly ferritin carriers are used for the delivery of nanozymes. Hypoxia is a major factor in ovarian cancer, therefore MnO2-based nanozymes are being used as a therapy. For cancer diagnosis and screening, nanozymes are being used in sonodynamic cancer therapy for cancer diagnosis and screening, whereas biomedical imaging and folic acid gold particles are also being used for image guided treatments. Nanozyme biosensors have been developed to detect ovarian cancer. This review article summarizes a detailed insight into breast and ovarian cancers in light of nanozymes-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiah Shahid
- Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wajeehah Shahid
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehvesh Rehan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Roha Asif
- Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Nisar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Kyeonggi-do, 16227, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang Y, Duan H, Yalikun Y, Cheng S, Li M. Chronoamperometric interrogation of an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor with tetrahedral DNA nanostructure pendulums for continuous biomarker measurements. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1305:342587. [PMID: 38677841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) is highly promising in developing electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors for biomolecular detection, owing to its inherit programmability, spatial orientation and structural robustness. However, current interrogation strategies applied for TDN-based E-AB sensors, including enzyme-based amperometry, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, either require complicated probe design or suffer from limited applicability or selectivity. In this study, a TDN pendulum-empowered E-AB sensor interrogated by chronoamperometry for reagent-free and continuous monitoring of a blood clotting enzyme, thrombin, was developed. TDN pendulums with extended aptamer sequences at three vertices were immobilized on a gold electrode via a thiolated double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) at the fourth vertex, and their motion is modulated by the bonding of target thrombin to aptamers. We observed a significantly amplified signalling output on our sensor based on the TDN pendulum compared to E-AB sensors modified with linear pendulums. Moreover, our sensor achieved highly selective and rapidly responsive measurement of thrombin in both PBS and artificial urine, with a wide dynamic range from 1 pM to 10 nM. This study shows chronoamperometry-enabled continuous biomarker monitoring on a sub-second timescale with a drift-free baseline, demonstrating a novel approach to accurately detect molecular dynamics in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Wang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Haowei Duan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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6
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Tung CY, Tsai TT, Chiu PY, Viter R, Ramanavičius A, Yu CJ, Chen CF. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using palladium-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles combined with paper-based analytical devices. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5988-5998. [PMID: 38465745 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that palladium-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd@Pt NPs) as the nanozyme, combined with a multi-layer paper-based analytical device and DNA hybridization, can successfully detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This nanozyme has peroxidase-like properties, which can increase the oxidation rate of the substrate. Compared with horseradish peroxidase, which is widely used in traditional detection, the Michaelis constants of Pd@Pt NPs are fourteen and seventeen times lower than those for 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and H2O2, respectively. To verify the catalytic efficiency of Pd@Pt NPs, this study will execute molecular diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We chose the IS6110 fragment as the target DNA and divided the complementary sequences into the capture DNA and reporter DNA. They were modified on paper and Pd@Pt NPs, respectively, to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis on a paper-based analytical device. With the above-mentioned method, we can detect target DNA within 15 minutes with a linear range between 0.75 and 10 nM, and a detection limit of 0.216 nM. These results demonstrate that the proposed platform (a DNA-nanozyme integrated paper-based analytical device, dnPAD) can provide sensitive and on-site infection prognosis in areas with insufficient medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Tung
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yeh Chiu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arũnas Ramanavičius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Cheng-Ju Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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7
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Ansari MA, Shoaib S, Chauhan W, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Alomary MN, Alasiri G, Ahmed N, Jahan R, Yusuf N, Islam N. Nanozymes and carbon-dots based nanoplatforms for cancer imaging, diagnosis and therapeutics: Current trends and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117522. [PMID: 37967707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients face a significant clinical and socio-economic burden due to increased incidence, mortality, and poor survival. Factors like late diagnosis, recurrence, drug resistance, severe side effects, and poor bioavailability limit the scope of current therapies. There is a need for novel, cost-effective, and safe diagnostic methods, therapeutics to overcome recurrence and drug resistance, and drug delivery vehicles with enhanced bioavailability and less off-site toxicity. Advanced nanomaterial-based research is aiding cancer biologists by providing solutions for issues like hypoxia, tumor microenvironment, low stability, poor penetration, target non-specificity, and rapid drug clearance. Currently, nanozymes and carbon-dots are attractive due to their low cost, high catalytic activity, biocompatibility, and lower toxicity. Nanozymes and carbon-dots are increasingly used in imaging, biosensing, diagnosis, and targeted cancer therapy. Integrating these materials with advanced diagnostic tools like CT scans and MRIs can aid in clinical decision-making and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy, photothermal, photodynamic, and sonodynamic therapies, with minimal invasion and reduced collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Waseem Chauhan
- Division of Hematology, Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, Collage of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glowi Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roshan Jahan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Wang H, Cheng C, Zhao J, Han F, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Advances in the Application of Transition-Metal Composite Nanozymes in the Field of Biomedicine. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:40. [PMID: 38248417 PMCID: PMC10813372 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limitation that natural peroxidase enzymes can only function in relatively mild environments, nanozymes have expanded the application of enzymology in the biological field by dint of their ability to maintain catalytic oxidative activity in relatively harsh environments. At the same time, the development of new and highly efficient composite nanozymes has been a challenge due to the limitations of monometallic particles in applications and the inherently poor enzyme-mimetic activity of composite nanozymes. The inherent enzyme-mimicking activity is due to Au, Ag, and Pt, along with other transition metals. Moreover, the nanomaterials exhibit excellent enzyme-mimicking activity when composited with other materials. Therefore, this paper focuses on composite nanozymes with simulated peroxidase activity that have been prepared using noble metals such as Au, Ag, and Pt and other transition metal nanoparticles in recent years. Their simulated enzymatic activity is utilized for biomedical applications such as glucose detection, cancer cell detection and tumor treatment, and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (H.W.); (C.C.); (J.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Chunfang Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (H.W.); (C.C.); (J.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (H.W.); (C.C.); (J.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Fangqin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (H.W.); (C.C.); (J.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Guanhui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering in Yunnan, School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Yaoguang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (H.W.); (C.C.); (J.Z.); (F.H.)
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9
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Deshwal A, Saxena K, Sharma G, Rajesh, Sheikh FA, Seth CS, Tripathi RM. Nanozymes: A comprehensive review on emerging applications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128272. [PMID: 38000568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes, a new class of nanomaterials-based artificial enzymes, have gained huge attraction due to their high operational stability, working efficiency in extreme conditions, and resistance towards protease digestion. Nowadays, they are effectively substituted for natural enzymes for catalysis by closely resembling the active sites found in natural enzymes. Nanozymes can compensate for natural enzymes' drawbacks, such as high cost, poor stability, low yield, and storage challenges. Due to their transforming nature, nanozymes are of utmost importance in the detection and treatment of cancer. They enable precise cancer detection, tailored drug delivery, and catalytic therapy. Through enhanced diagnosis, personalized therapies, and reduced side effects, their adaptability and biocompatibility can transform the management of cancer. The review focuses on metal and metal oxide-based nanozymes, highlighting their catalytic processes, and their applications in the prevention and treatment of cancer. It emphasizes their potential to alter diagnosis and therapy, particularly when it comes to controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS). The article reveals the game-changing importance of nanozymes in the future of cancer care and describes future research objectives, making it a useful resource for researchers, and scientists. Lastly, outlooks for future perspective areas in this rapidly emerging field have been provided in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Deshwal
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida 201313, India
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida 201313, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | | | - Ravi Mani Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida 201313, India.
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10
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Gurukandure A, Somasundaram S, Kurian ASN, Khuda N, Easley CJ. Building a Nucleic Acid Nanostructure with DNA-Epitope Conjugates for a Versatile Approach to Electrochemical Protein Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18122-18129. [PMID: 38032341 PMCID: PMC10720615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent surge of effort in nucleic-acid-based electrochemical (EC) sensors has been fruitful, yet there remains a need for more generalizable EC platforms for sensing multiple classes of clinically relevant targets. We recently reported a nucleic acid nanostructure for simple, economical, and more generalizable EC readout of a range of analytes, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and antibodies. The nanostructure is built through on-electrode enzymatic ligation of three oligonucleotides for attachment, binding, and signaling. However, the generalizable detection of larger proteins remains a challenge. Here, we adapted the sensor to quantify larger proteins in a more generic manner through conjugating the protein's minimized antibody-binding epitope to the central DNA strand. This concept was verified using creatine kinase (CK-MM), a biomarker of muscle damage and several disorders for which rapid clinical sensing is important. DNA-epitope conjugates permitted a competitive immunoassay for the CK protein at the electrode via square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Sensing through a signal-off mechanism, the anti-CK antibody limit of detection (LOD) was 5 nM with a response time as low as 3 min. Antibody displacement by native protein analytes gave a signal-on response with the CK sensing range from the LOD of 14 nM up to 100 nM, overlapping with the normal (nonelevated) human clinical range (3-37 nM), and the sensor was validated in 98% human serum. While a need for improved DNA-epitope conjugate purification was identified, overall, this approach allows the quantification of a generic protein- or peptide-binding antibody and should facilitate future quantitative EC readouts of clinically relevant proteins that were previously inaccessible to EC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanka Gurukandure
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Subramaniam Somasundaram
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Amanda S. N. Kurian
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Niamat Khuda
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Christopher J. Easley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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11
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Hakimian F, Mazloum-Ardakani M. Ag nanorod@PEI-Ag nanohybrid as an excellent signal label for sensitive and rapid detection of serum HER2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21792. [PMID: 38066021 PMCID: PMC10709618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) as a critical breast cancer biomarker can be essential for the early selection of therapeutic approaches. HER2 is a prominent component of a signaling network. Overexpression of the HER2 protein due to amplification of its gene leads to the development of an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Patients with tumors that overexpress HER2 are eligible for treatment that significantly reduces mortality rates. Herein, we present a fast and simple method for detecting serum HER2. A new electrochemical label has been developed using charged Ag nanorod@ polyethylenimine-Ag (Ag NR@ PEI-Ag) nanohybrid. The synthesized Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid simultaneously has the electroactive property of silver and the large surface area of the PEI, which results in the enhancement of the detection signal. So, using Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid as the electrochemical label, a simple, fast, and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was designed to detect HER2. This way, after immobilizing HER2 aptamer on the Au electrode surface, HER2 or human serum was exposed to the aptamer. Then, the positively charged Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid was adsorbed onto the negatively charged aptamer-HER2 complex, and the current that was produced due to the Ag/AgCl reaction was measured as the electrochemical signal. The aptasensor shows a broad linear response from 10-12 to 10-7 g, a low detection limit (LOD) of 10 pg, and a total assay time of ~ 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hakimian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
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12
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Lafi Z, Gharaibeh L, Nsairat H, Asha N, Alshaer W. Aptasensors: employing molecular probes for precise medical diagnostics and drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1439-1460. [PMID: 37847048 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate detection and monitoring of therapeutic drug levels are vital for effective patient care and treatment management. Aptamers, composed of single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, are integral components of biosensors designed for both qualitative and quantitative detection of biological samples. Aptasensors play crucial roles in target identification, validation, detection of drug-target interactions and screening potential of drug candidates. This review focuses on the pivotal role of aptasensors in early disease detection, particularly in identifying biomarkers associated with various diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Aptasensors have demonstrated exceptional potential in enhancing disease diagnostics and monitoring therapeutic drug levels. Aptamer-based biosensors represent a transformative technology in the field of healthcare, enabling precise diagnostics, drug monitoring and disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Asha
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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13
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Qiu M, Ren Y, Huang L, Zhu X, Liang T, Li M, Tang D. FeNC nanozyme-based electrochemical immunoassay for sensitive detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:378. [PMID: 37672131 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The proof-of-concept of sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for the quantitative monitoring of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is reported. The assay is carried out on iron nitrogen-doped carbon (FeNC) nanozyme-modified screen-printed carbon electrode using chronoamperometry. Introduction of target HER2 can induce the sandwiched immunoreaction between anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody-coated microplate and biotinylated anti-HER2 polyclonal antibody. Thereafter, streptavidin-glucose oxidase (GOx) conjugate is bonded to the detection antibody. Upon addition of glucose, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is oxidized through the produced H2O2 with the assistance of GOx and FeNC nanozyme. The oxidized TMB is determined via chronoamperometry. Experimental results revealed that electrochemical immunosensing system exhibited good amperometric response, and allowed the detection of target HER2 as low as 4.5 pg/mL. High specificity and long-term stability are acquired with FeNC nanozyme-based sensing strategy. Importantly, our system provides a new opportunity for protein diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Lumin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Tikai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Shi SS, Jia LP, Zhang W, Ma RN, Shang L, Li XJ, Zhao HQ, Wang HS. A label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on Bi-Sb alloy materials for potential POCT of HER-2. Analyst 2023; 148:4037-4043. [PMID: 37522239 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
As a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is of crucial diagnostic value. Here, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor was established for the ultrasensitive detection of HER-2 using a modified electrode of Bi-Sb alloy materials (Bi-Sb AMs). The performance of the aptasensor was enhanced greatly due to the introduction of Bi-Sb alloy materials (Bi-Sb AMs) with high conductivity. Furthermore, by integrating the aptasensor with the Sensit Smart U-disk electrochemical analyzer, the point-of-care testing (POCT) for HER-2 was realized. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the POCT analyzer showed a wide linear response from 0.01 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1, with a low detection limit (LOD) of 5.96 fg mL-1 for the detection of HER-2. The presented POCT analyzer exhibited good specificity, stability, and reproducibility. Benefiting from the simple operation and rapid testing, the developed analyzer will have potential application in the prognostic diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Rong-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Lei Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Huai-Qing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Huai-Sheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
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15
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Li N, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Ma W, Xiang T, Hou C, Huo D. An ultrasensitive label-free fluorescent aptamer sensor based on pH-gated release coumarin for detect HER2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122641. [PMID: 36989691 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) molecular markers is a very suitable option for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have large porosity and surface interactions such as π-π stacking, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, and coordination. Here, we integrated the HER2 aptamer and fluorescent probe coumarin (COU) with zeolite imidazolic acid framework-8 (ZIF-8) to construct a label-free fluorescent aptamer sensor with pH-gated release of COU. In the presence of the target-HER2, the aptamer adsorbed on the surface of ZIF-8@COU specifically recognizes and falls off the HER2 protein, exposing a portion of the pore size of ZIF-8@COU while reducing the negative charge on the sensor surface, under alkaline hydrolysis conditions, a large number of COU fluorescent molecules can be produced and released in the detection system.The aptamer fluorescence sensor has good detection performance, sensitivity and low background interference, the detection linearity range of HER2 protein is 0.05-10 ng/mL, the detection limit is 0.0005 ng/mL, and it has good recovery rate for the serum detection of clinical breast cancer patients. Therefore, this sensor has high potential in detecting and monitoring HER2 levels for the care and clinical diagnosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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16
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Kizilkurtlu AA, Demirbas E, Agel HE. Electrochemical aptasensors for pathogenic detection toward point-of-care diagnostics. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1460-1479. [PMID: 37277950 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biosensor system refers to a biomedical device, which detects biological, chemical, or biochemical components by converting those signals to an electrical signal by utilizing and uniting physical or chemical transducer with biorecognition elements. An electrochemical biosensor is generally based on the reaction of either production or consumption of electrons under a three-electrode system. Biosensor systems are exploited in a wide range of areas, such as medicine, agriculture, husbandry, food, industry, environment protection, quality control, waste disposal, and the military. Pathogenic infections are the third leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective diagnostic tools to control food, water, and soil contamination result in protecting human life and health. Aptamers are peptide or oligonucleotide-based molecules that show very high affinity to their targets that are produced from large pools of random amino acid or oligonucleotide sequences. Generally, aptamers have been utilized for fundamental sciences and clinical implementations for their target-specific affinity and have been intensely exploited for different kinds of biosensor applications for approximately 30 years. The convergence of aptamers with biosensor systems enabled the construction of voltammetric, amperometric, and impedimetric biosensors for the detection of specific pathogens. In this review, electrochemical aptamer biosensors were evaluated by discussing the definition, types, and production techniques of aptamers, the advantages of aptamers as a biological recognition element against their alternatives, and a wide range of aptasensor examples from literature in the detection of specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erhan Demirbas
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hatice Esra Agel
- BioNano Functional Materials Technologies Research Group TÜBİTAK - Marmara Research Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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17
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Centane S, Mgidlana S, Openda Y, Nyokong T. Single vs sandwich aptamers: Towards the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 using composites of phthalocyanine and nanoparticles. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108496. [PMID: 37392577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The superiority of the sandwich over a single aptamer based aptasensor assay for the detection of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is demonstrated for the first time. Cobalt tris-3,5 dimethoxy-phenoxy pyridine (5) oxy (2)- carboxylic acid phthalocyanine (CoMPhPyCPc) and sulphur/nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (SNGQDs) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) nanocomposite (SNGQDs@CeO2NPs) were used for electrode modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) both individually and combined to form the substrates: GCE/SNGQDs@CeO2NPs, GCE/CoMPhPyCPc and GCE/SNGQDs@CeO2NPs/CoMPhPyCPc. The designed substrates were used as immobilization platforms for the amino functionalized HB5 aptamer for the development of both single and sandwich aptasensor assays. A novel bioconjugate, made of the HB5 aptamer and nanocomposite (HB5-SNGQDs@CeO2NPs) was fabricated, and characterized using ultra-violet/visible, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopies as well as scanning electron microscopy. HB5-SNGQDs@CeO2NPs was applied as a secondary aptamer in the design of novel sandwich assays towards the electrochemical detection of HER2. The performance of the designed aptasensors were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sandwich assay gave low limit of detection of 0.00088 pg/mL, high sensitivity of 773925 Ω pg-1mL, showed stability, and good precision in real samples towards HER2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixolile Centane
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Sithi Mgidlana
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Yolande Openda
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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18
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Yadav AK, Verma D, Kumar A, Bhatt AN, Solanki PR. Biocompatible epoxysilane substituted polymer-based nano biosensing platform for label-free detection of cancer biomarker SP17 in patient serum samples. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124325. [PMID: 37054852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the results of the studies relating to developing a simple, sensitive, cost-effective, and disposable electrochemical-based label-free immunosensor for real-time detection of a new cancer biomarker, sperm protein-17 (SP17), in complex serum samples. An indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was functionalized via covalent immobilization of monoclonal anti-SP17 antibodies using EDC(1-(3-(dimethylamine)-propyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride) - NHS (N-hydroxy succinimide) chemistry. The developed immunosensor platform (BSA/anti-SP17/GPTMS@SAMs/ITO) was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The fabricated BSA/anti-SP17/GPTMS@SAMs/ITO immunoelectrode platform was used to measure changes in the magnitude of the current of the electrodes through an electrochemical CV and DPV technique. A calibration curve between current and SP17 concentrations exhibited a broad linear detection range of (100-6000 & 50-5500 pg mL-1), with enhanced sensitivity (0.047 & 0.024 μA pg mL-1 cm-2), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 47.57 & 142.9 pg mL-1 and 158.58 & 476.3 pg mL-1, by CV and DPV technique, respectively with a rapid response time of 15 min. It possessed exceptional repeatability, outstanding reproducibility, five-time reusability, and high stability. The biosensor's performance was evaluated in human serum samples, giving satisfactory findings obtained via the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, proving the clinical applicability for early diagnosis of cancer patients. Moreover, various in vitro studies in murine fibroblast cell line L929 have been performed to assess the cytotoxicity of GPTMS. The results demonstrated that GPTMS has excellent biocompatibility and can be used for biosensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Yadav
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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19
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Wu W, Li J. Recent Progress on Nanozymes in Electrochemical Sensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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20
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Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prognosis-A Concise Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040766. [PMID: 36832253 PMCID: PMC9955694 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated disease. Globally, it is one of the major causes for morbidity and mortality. A critical challenge associated with it is the difficulty to accurately diagnose it at an early stage. The malignancy due to multistage and heterogeneity that result from genetic and epigenetic modifications poses critical challenge to diagnose and monitor the progress at an early stage. Current diagnostic techniques normally suggest invasive biopsy procedure that can cause further infections and bleeding. Therefore, noninvasive diagnostic methods with high accuracy, safety and earliest detection are the needs of the hour. Herein, we provide a detailed review on the advanced methodologies and protocols developed for the detection of cancer biomarkers based on proteins, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, existing challenges and the improvements essential for the rapid, sensitive and noninvasive detection have also been discussed.
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21
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Electrochemical ELASA: improving early cancer detection and monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04546-5. [PMID: 36702904 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new molecular biomarkers of cancer during the last decades and the development of new diagnostic devices exploiting those have significantly contributed to the clinical analysis of cancer and to improve the outcomes. Among those, liquid biopsy sensors exploiting aptamers for the detection of cancer biomarkers in body fluids are useful and accurate tools for a fast and inexpensive non-invasive screening of population. The incorporation of aptamers in electrochemical sandwich biosensors using enzyme labels, a so-called ELASA, has demonstrated its utility to improve the detection schemes. In this review, we overview the existing ELASA assays for numerous cancer biomarkers as alternatives to the traditional ELISA and discuss their possibilities to reach the market, currently dominated by optical immunoassays.
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22
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li N, Yang M, Xiang T, Huo D, Qiu Z, Yang L, Hou C. An ultra-sensitive dual-signal ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor based on functionalized MOFs for detection of HER2. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Xi L, Jiang C, Wang F, Zhang X, Huo D, Sun M, Dramou P, He H. Recent Advances in Construction and Application of Metal-Nanozymes in Pharmaceutical Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36183252 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2128632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes, made of emerging nanomaterials, have similar activity to natural enzyme and exhibit promising applications in in the fields of environment, biology and medicine, and food safety science. In recent years, with the deep finding and research to nanozymes by researchers, its application in field of pharmaceutical analysis has emerged gradually, possessing great significance in drug safety evaluation and quality control. This review summarizes the construction of metal nanozymes, strategies to improve their performance and their application in pharmaceutical detection and analysis, especially in detection of target analytes consisting of small molecule medicine macromolecule, toxic and others, which proposes theoretical foundation for development of nanozymes in this field. At the same time, it also provides opportunities and challenges for the construction and application of new nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xi
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenrui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dezhi Huo
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pierre Dramou
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Joshi A, Vishnu G K A, Dhruv D, Kurpad V, Pandya HJ. Morphology-Tuned Electrochemical Immunosensing of a Breast Cancer Biomarker Using Hierarchical Palladium Nanostructured Interfaces. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34177-34189. [PMID: 36188250 PMCID: PMC9520690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures are considered attractive candidates for designing novel biosensors due to their enormously significant surface area, accelerated kinetics, and improved affinity. Controllable morphological tuning of metallic nanostructures on sensing interfaces is crucial for attaining clinically relevant sensitivity and exquisite selectivity in a complex biological environment. Therefore, a facile, convenient, and robust one-step electroreduction method was employed to develop different morphological variants of palladium (Pd) nanostructures supported onto oxidized carbon nanotubes to facilitate label-free electrochemical immunosensing of HER2. The morphological and structural attributes of the synthesized Pd nanostructures were thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. In-depth electrochemical investigations revealed an intimate correlation between the nanostructured sensor and electrochemical response, suggesting the suitability of hierarchical palladium nanostructures supported onto carbon nanotubes [Pd(-0.1 V)/CNT] for sensitive detection of HER2. The high surface area of hierarchical Pd nanostructures enabled an ultrasensitive electrochemical response toward HER2 (detection limit: 1 ng/mL) with a wide detection range of 10 to 100 ng/mL. The ease of surface modification, sensitivity, and reliable electrochemical response in human plasma samples suggested the enormous potential of Pd nanostructuring for chip-level point-of-care screening of HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Joshi
- Department
of Electronic Systems Engineering, Division of EECS, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anil Vishnu G K
- Centre
for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Dhananjay Dhruv
- Natubhai
V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Charutar Vidya Mandal University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishnu Kurpad
- SriShankara
Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru 560004, Karnataka, India
| | - Hardik J. Pandya
- Department
of Electronic Systems Engineering, Division of EECS, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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25
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. Impedimetric Detection of Calreticulin by a Disposable Immunosensor Modified with a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3773-3784. [PMID: 35920068 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A label-free impedimetric immunosensing system was constructed for ultrasensitive determination of the calreticulin (CALR) biological marker in human serum samples utilizing an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis technique for the first time. The new biosensor fabrication procedure consisted of electrodeposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) incorporating polymerization of an oxiran-2-yl methyl 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl) propanoate monomer (Pepx) onto a low-cost and disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The SWCNTs-PPepx nanocomposite layer was prepared onto the ITO after the one-step fabrication procedure. The fabrication procedure of the immunosensor and the characteristic biomolecular interactions between the anti-CALR and CALR were characterized by electrochemical analysis and morphological monitoring techniques. Under optimum conditions, the proposed biosensor was responsive to CALR concentrations over the detection ranges of 0.015-60 pg/mL linearly, and it had a very low detection limit (4.6 fg/mL) and a favorable sensitivity (0.43 kΩ pg-1 mL cm-2). The reliability of the biosensor system in clinical analysis was investigated by successful quantification of CALR levels in human serum. Moreover, the repeatability and reproducibility results of the biosensor were evaluated by using Dixon, Grubbs, T-test, and F-tests. Consequently, the proposed biosensor was a promising method for scientific, rapid, and successful analysis of CALR in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Campus Street, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Campus Street, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey
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Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152551. [PMID: 35893519 PMCID: PMC9329948 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Curbing tuberculosis (TB) requires a combination of good strategies, including a proper prevention measure, diagnosis, and treatment. This study proposes an improvised tuberculosis diagnosis based on an amperometry approach for the sensitive detection of MPT64 antigen in clinical samples. An MPT64 aptamer specific to the target antigen was covalently attached to the carboxyphenyl diazonium-functionalized carbon electrode via carbodiimide chemistry. The electrochemical detection assay was adapted from a sandwich assay format to trap the antigen between the immobilized aptamer and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tagged polyclonal anti-MPT64 antibody. The amperometric current was measured from the catalytic reaction response between HRP, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroquinone, which is used as an electron mediator. From the analysis, the detection limit in the measurement buffer was 1.11 ng mL-1. Additionally, the developed aptasensor exhibited a linear relationship between the current signal and the MPT64 antigen-spiked serum concentration ranging from 10 to 150 ng mL-1 with a 1.38 ng mL-1 detection limit. Finally, an evaluation using the clinical sputum samples from both TB (+) and TB (-) individuals revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 100%, respectively. Based on the analysis, the developed aptasensor was found to be simple in its fabrication, sensitive, and allowed for the efficient detection and diagnosis of TB in sputum samples.
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Shiu SCC, Whitehouse WL, Tanner JA. Designing aptamer-enabled DNA polyhedra using paper origami. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Sadeghi M, Kashanian S, Naghib SM, Arkan E. A high-performance electrochemical aptasensor based on graphene-decorated rhodium nanoparticles to detect HER2-ECD oncomarker in liquid biopsy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3299. [PMID: 35228597 PMCID: PMC8885668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2-ECD) oncomarker status is an impressive factor in screening, diagnosing and monitoring early-stage breast cancer (BC). Electrochemical aptamer-based nanobiosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for quantitative and qualitative measurement of HER2-ECD oncomarker was developed. In this study, the nanocomposite made by distinct materials included reduced graphene oxide nano-sheets (rGONs) and rhodium nanoparticles (Rh-NPs) on the graphite electrode (GE) surface. This structure resulted in amplified electrochemical activity, high surface area, stability, and bio-compatibility. Each of the steps of preparing nanomaterials and setting up biosensor were carefully examined by analytical and electrochemical techniques. Various modified electrodes were constructed and analyzed in terms of electrochemical performance, morphology, size, and shape of nanomaterials. The GE-based aptasensor had a noteworthy and conducive results against HER2-ECD with a wide dynamic range of 10.0-500.0 ng/mL, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.667 ng/mL (significantly less than the clinical cut-off), and a low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.01 ng/mL. The benefits provided by this aptasensor such as broad dynamic range, high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and low cost suggest tremendous potential for non-invasive detection and monitoring of the HER2-ECD levels of BC care and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sadeghi
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Interdisciplinary Technologies Department, Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC), Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 1684613114, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, 6734667149, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Wang X, Dong S, Wei H. Recent advances on nanozyme‐based electrochemical biosensors. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shahbazi N, Zare-Dorabei R, Naghib SM. Design of a Ratiometric Plasmonic Biosensor for Herceptin Detection in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:871-879. [PMID: 35044154 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women; therefore, its early detection and treatment are crucial. To achieve this goal, we designed an optical sensor based on direct interaction of trastuzumab [Herceptin (HER)], a monoclonal antibody used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer, with plasmonic nanoparticles. Surface-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained considerable attention in biosensing techniques over the last years, which actuated these nanoparticles to the heart of various biosensing notions. We have exploited the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoparticles to determine HER in human serum. AuNPs were decorated with negatively charged citrate ions, yielding enhanced direct-surface interaction with HER antibodies. The AuNPs are mixed with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an optimized ratio to increase selectivity and sensitivity further. AuNPs detect the HER antibodies using LSPR, whereas AgNPs help monitor interferences' effect on the sensing media. The three effective factors in HER sensing, including the nanoparticle ratio, temperature, and pH were optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). The sensor's response toward HER was achieved in the linear range of 0.5 × 10-7 to 40 × 10-7 M with the detection limit of 3.7 × 10-9 M and relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 5%. The selectivity of the LSPR sensor was assessed by monitoring its response toward HER in the presence of other biological molecules with similar physicochemical properties. Rapid response time (less than 1 min), selectivity, and the simplicity of the developed LSPR-based sensor are the key advantages of the developed sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Shahbazi
- Research Laboratory of Spectrometry & Micro and Nano Extraction, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Rouholah Zare-Dorabei
- Research Laboratory of Spectrometry & Micro and Nano Extraction, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
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Sen RK, Prabhakar P, Bisht N, Patel M, Mishra S, Yadav AK, Venu DV, Gupta GK, Solanki PR, Ramakrishnan S, Mondal D, Srivastava AK, Dwivedi N, Dhand C. 2D Materials-Based Aptamer Biosensors: Present Status and Way Forward. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5815-5849. [PMID: 34961455 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211213115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current advances in constructing functional nanomaterials and elegantly designed nanostructures have opened up new possibilities for the fabrication of viable field biosensors. Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have fascinated much attention due to their chemical, optical, physicochemical, and electronic properties. They are ultrathin nanomaterials with unique properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, surface charge, shape, high anisotropy, and adjustable chemical functionality. 2DMs such as graphene-based 2D materials, Silicate clays, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), MXenes, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) offer intensified physicochemical and biological functionality and have proven to be very promising candidates for biological applications and technologies. 2DMs have a multivalent structure that can easily bind to single-stranded DNA/RNA (aptamers) through covalent, non-covalent, hydrogen bond, and π-stacking interactions, whereas aptamers have a small size, excellent chemical stability, and low immunogenicity with high affinity and specificity. This review discussed the potential of various 2D material-based aptasensor for diagnostic applications, e.g., protein detection, environmental monitoring, pathogens detection, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Sen
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Priyanka Prabhakar
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Neha Bisht
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Monika Patel
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Shruti Mishra
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067. India
| | - Divya Vadakkumana Venu
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Gupta
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067. India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishnan
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 2 Engineering Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576. Singapore
| | - Dehipada Mondal
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | | | - Neeraj Dwivedi
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
| | - Chetna Dhand
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal. India
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Krissanaprasit A, Key CM, Pontula S, LaBean TH. Self-Assembling Nucleic Acid Nanostructures Functionalized with Aptamers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13797-13868. [PMID: 34157230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have worked for many decades to master the rules of biomolecular design that would allow artificial biopolymer complexes to self-assemble and function similarly to the diverse biochemical constructs displayed in natural biological systems. The rules of nucleic acid assembly (dominated by Watson-Crick base-pairing) have been less difficult to understand and manipulate than the more complicated rules of protein folding. Therefore, nucleic acid nanotechnology has advanced more quickly than de novo protein design, and recent years have seen amazing progress in DNA and RNA design. By combining structural motifs with aptamers that act as affinity handles and add powerful molecular recognition capabilities, nucleic acid-based self-assemblies represent a diverse toolbox for use by bioengineers to create molecules with potentially revolutionary biological activities. In this review, we focus on the development of self-assembling nucleic acid nanostructures that are functionalized with nucleic acid aptamers and their great potential in wide ranging application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhichart Krissanaprasit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Carson M Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sahil Pontula
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas H LaBean
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Harahsheh T, Makableh YF, Rawashdeh I, Al-Fandi M. Enhanced aptasensor performance for targeted HER2 breast cancer detection by using screen-printed electrodes modified with Au nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:46. [PMID: 34546397 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of an Aptamer based biosensor for the selective detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with high sensitivity and specificity was achieved. A screen-printed carbon electrode was used in the scope of this work. The HER2 Aptamer was immobilized via electrostatic adsorption on the surface of a screen-printed electrode, which was modified with Au Nanoparticles (~ 20 nm diameter) to support the Aptamer immobilization. The Aptasensor was extensively investigated using Cyclic voltammetry, Differential pulse voltammetry, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic force microscopy. The Aptasensor exhibits a fast response with a binding time of only 5 min and shows a log-linear response over a wide concentration range of 0.001-100 ng/mL. Moreover, it has high sensitivity and enhanced detection limit reaching 52.85 μA/ng/mL, and 0.001 ng/mL, respectively, with a relative standard deviation < 5%. The Aptasensor selectivity was studied by using different interfering substances, and the results demonstrate that the Aptasensor is efficient for the detection of HER2 with approximately 8% extent of the interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Harahsheh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Yahia F Makableh
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Isra' Rawashdeh
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Al-Fandi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Das B, Franco JL, Logan N, Balasubramanian P, Kim MI, Cao C. Nanozymes in Point-of-Care Diagnosis: An Emerging Futuristic Approach for Biosensing. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:193. [PMID: 34515917 PMCID: PMC8438099 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes (or nanozymes) have attracted great attention in the past few years owing to their capability not only to mimic functionality but also to overcome the inherent drawbacks of the natural enzymes. Numerous advantages of nanozymes such as diverse enzyme-mimicking activities, low cost, high stability, robustness, unique surface chemistry, and ease of surface tunability and biocompatibility have allowed their integration in a wide range of biosensing applications. Several metal, metal oxide, metal-organic framework-based nanozymes have been exploited for the development of biosensing systems, which present the potential for point-of-care analysis. To highlight recent progress in the field, in this review, more than 260 research articles are discussed systematically with suitable recent examples, elucidating the role of nanozymes to reinforce, miniaturize, and improve the performance of point-of-care diagnostics addressing the ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable to the end user) criteria formulated by World Health Organization. The review reveals that many biosensing strategies such as electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, and immunological sensors required to achieve the ASSURED standards can be implemented by using enzyme-mimicking activities of nanomaterials as signal producing components. However, basic system functionality is still lacking. Since the enzyme-mimicking properties of the nanomaterials are dictated by their size, shape, composition, surface charge, surface chemistry as well as external parameters such as pH or temperature, these factors play a crucial role in the design and function of nanozyme-based point-of-care diagnostics. Therefore, it requires a deliberate exertion to integrate various parameters for truly ASSURED solutions to be realized. This review also discusses possible limitations and research gaps to provide readers a brief scenario of the emerging role of nanozymes in state-of-the-art POC diagnosis system development for futuristic biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Javier Lou Franco
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Natasha Logan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Paramasivan Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cuong Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Ahirwar R. Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for HER2 assessment in breast cancer. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:317. [PMID: 34476602 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the key molecular targets in breast cancer pathogenesis. Overexpression and/or amplification of HER2 in approximately 15-20% of breast cancer patients is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that accurate and sensitive detection of HER2 improves the survival outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer patients from targeted therapies. The current methods of clinical determination of HER2 expression levels are based on slide-based assays that rely on invasively collected primary tumours. Alternatively, ELISA-based detection of the shredded HER2 extracellular domain (HER2-ECD) of has been suggested as a surrogate method for monitoring disease progress and treatment response in breast cancer patients. In the past decade, biosensors have emerged as an alternative modality for the detection of circulating HER2-ECD in human serum samples. In particular, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials and antibodies and aptamers have been increasingly developed as promising tools for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of HER2-ECD. These biosensors harness the high affinity and specificity of antibodies and aptamers, and unique conductive properties, biocompatibility, large surface area, and chemical stability of nanomaterials for selective and sensitive assessment of the HER2. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the application of nanomaterials-based immunosensors and aptasensors for detection of circulating HER2-ECD. In particular, various electrochemical techniques, detection approaches, and nanomaterials are discussed. Further, analytical figures of merit of various HER2 immunosensors and aptasensors are compared. Finally, possible challenges and potential opportunities for biosensor-based detection of HER2-ECD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ahirwar
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India.
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Rhouati A, Marty JL, Vasilescu A. Electrochemical biosensors combining aptamers and enzymatic activity: Challenges and analytical opportunities. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tian J, Liang Z, Hu O, He Q, Sun D, Chen Z. An electrochemical dual-aptamer biosensor based on metal-organic frameworks MIL-53 decorated with Au@Pt nanoparticles and enzymes for detection of COVID-19 nucleocapsid protein. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Liu Q, Zhang A, Wang R, Zhang Q, Cui D. A Review on Metal- and Metal Oxide-Based Nanozymes: Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:154. [PMID: 34241715 PMCID: PMC8271064 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the ferromagnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were firstly reported to exert enzyme-like activity in 2007, extensive research progress in nanozymes has been made with deep investigation of diverse nanozymes and rapid development of related nanotechnologies. As promising alternatives for natural enzymes, nanozymes have broadened the way toward clinical medicine, food safety, environmental monitoring, and chemical production. The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes owing to their remarkable physicochemical properties in parallel with low cost, high stability, and easy storage. It is widely known that the deep study of catalytic activities and mechanism sheds significant influence on the applications of nanozymes. This review digs into the characteristics and intrinsic properties of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes, especially emphasizing their catalytic mechanism and recent applications in biological analysis, relieving inflammation, antibacterial, and cancer therapy. We also conclude the present challenges and provide insights into the future research of nanozymes constituted of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Amin Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruhao Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based electrochemical biosensors for early cancer diagnosis in vitro. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Saha U, Todi K, Malhotra BD. Emerging DNA-based multifunctional nano-biomaterials towards electrochemical sensing applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10305-10319. [PMID: 34086027 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA is known to be ubiquitous in nature as it is the controlling unit for genetic information storage in most living organisms. Lately, there has been a surge in studies relating to the use of DNA as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications such as biosensing, therapeutics, and drug delivery. The role of DNA as a bioreceptor in biosensors has been known for a long time. DNA-based biosensors are gradually evolving into highly sophisticated and sensitive molecular devices. The current realization of DNA-based biosensors embraces the unique structural and functional properties of DNA in the form of a biopolymer. The interesting properties of DNA, such as self-assembly, programmability, catalytic activity, dynamic behavior, and precise molecular recognition, have led to the emergence of innovative DNA assembly based electrochemical biosensors. This review article aims to cover the recent progress in the field of DNA-based electrochemical (EC) biosensors. It commences with an introduction to electrochemical biosensors and elucidates the advantages of integrating DNA-based materials into them. Besides this, we discuss the principles of EC biosensors based on different types of DNA-based materials. The article concludes by highlighting the outlook and importance of this interesting field for biomedical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udiptya Saha
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, New Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Keshav Todi
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, New Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, New Delhi 110042, India.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the enzyme-like activities of nanomaterials, the study of nanozymes has become one of the most popular research frontiers of diverse areas including biosensors. DNA also plays a very important role in the construction of biosensors. Thus, the idea of combined applications of nanozymes with DNA (DNA-nanozyme) is very attractive for the development of nanozyme-based biosensors, which has attracted considerable interest of researchers. To date, many sensors based on DNA-functionalized or templated nanozymes have been reported for the detection of various targets and highly accelerated the development of nanozyme-based sensors. In this review, we summarize the main applications and advances of DNA-nanozyme-based sensors. Additionally, perspectives and challenges are also discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Qinshu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China. and Nanjing Normal University Centre for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China. and Nanjing Normal University Centre for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
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42
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Sensitive sandwich-type voltammetric immunosensor for breast cancer biomarker HER2 detection based on gold nanoparticles decorated Cu-MOF and Cu2ZnSnS4 NPs/Pt/g-C3N4 composite. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ziółkowski R, Jarczewska M, Górski Ł, Malinowska E. From Small Molecules Toward Whole Cells Detection: Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors in Modern Medical Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:724. [PMID: 33494499 PMCID: PMC7866209 DOI: 10.3390/s21030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the current state of art as well as on future trends in electrochemical aptasensors application in medical diagnostics. The origin of aptamers is presented along with the description of the process known as SELEX. This is followed by the description of the broad spectrum of aptamer-based sensors for the electrochemical detection of various diagnostically relevant analytes, including metal cations, abused drugs, neurotransmitters, cancer, cardiac and coagulation biomarkers, circulating tumor cells, and viruses. We described also possible future perspectives of aptasensors development. This concerns (i) the approaches to lowering the detection limit and improvement of the electrochemical aptasensors selectivity by application of the hybrid aptamer-antibody receptor layers and/or nanomaterials; and (ii) electrochemical aptasensors integration with more advanced microfluidic devices as user-friendly medical instruments for medical diagnostic of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ziółkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Marta Jarczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Łukasz Górski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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Yáñez-Sedeño P, González-Cortés A, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Multimodal/Multifunctional Nanomaterials in (Bio)electrochemistry: Now and in the Coming Decade. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2556. [PMID: 33352731 PMCID: PMC7766190 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomaterials, defined as those able to achieve a combined effect or more than one function through their multiple functionalization or combination with other materials, are gaining increasing attention in the last years in many relevant fields, including cargo targeted delivery, tissue engineering, in vitro and/or in vivo diseases imaging and therapy, as well as in the development of electrochemical (bio)sensors and (bio)sensing strategies with improved performance. This review article aims to provide an updated overview of the important advances and future opportunities exhibited by electrochemical biosensing in connection to multifunctional nanomaterials. Accordingly, representative aspects of recent approaches involving metal, carbon, and silica-based multifunctional nanomaterials are selected and critically discussed, as they are the most widely used multifunctional nanomaterials imparting unique capabilities in (bio)electroanalysis. A brief overview of the main remaining challenges and future perspectives in the field is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (J.M.P.)
| | | | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (J.M.P.)
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Şahin S, Caglayan MO, Üstündağ Z. Recent advances in aptamer-based sensors for breast cancer diagnosis: special cases for nanomaterial-based VEGF, HER2, and MUC1 aptasensors. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:549. [PMID: 32888061 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common and important diseases with a high mortality rate. Breast cancer is among the three most common types of cancer in women, and the mortality rate has reached 0.024% in some countries. For early-stage preclinical diagnosis of breast cancer, sensitive and reliable tools are needed. Today, there are many types of biomarkers that have been identified for cancer diagnosis. A wide variety of detection strategies have also been developed for the detection of these biomarkers from serum or other body fluids at physiological concentrations. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides and promising in the production of more sensitive and reliable biosensor platforms in combination with a wide range of nanomaterials. Conformational changes triggered by the target analyte have been successfully applied in fluorometric, colorimetric, plasmonic, and electrochemical-based detection strategies. This review article presents aptasensor approaches used in the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and mucin-1 glycoprotein (MUC1) biomarkers, which are frequently studied in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The focus of this review article is on developments of the last decade for detecting these biomarkers using various sensitivity enhancement techniques and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Şahin
- Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | | | - Zafer Üstündağ
- Department of Chemistry, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
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Sharifi M, Hasan A, Attar F, Taghizadeh A, Falahati M. Development of point-of-care nanobiosensors for breast cancers diagnosis. Talanta 2020; 217:121091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tao X, Wang X, Liu B, Liu J. Conjugation of antibodies and aptamers on nanozymes for developing biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112537. [PMID: 32882473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are engineered nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities. Over the past decade, impressive progresses on nanozymes in biosensing have been made due to their unique advantages of high stability, low cost, and easy modification compared to natural enzymes. For many biosensors, it is critical to conjugate nanozymes to affinity ligands such as antibodies and aptamers. Since different nanomaterials have different surface properties, conjugation methods need to be compatible with these properties. In addition, the effect of biomolecules on nanozyme activity needs to be considered. In this review, we first categorized nanozyme-based biosensors into four parts, respectively describing noncovalent and covalent modifications with antibodies and aptamers. Meanwhile, recent advances in antibody and aptamer labeled nanozyme biosensors are summarized, and the methods of their conjugation are further illustrated. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives for the development and application of nanozyme bioconjugates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Biwu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Campuzano S, Pedrero M, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Nanozymes in electrochemical affinity biosensing. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:423. [PMID: 32621150 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, artificial nanomaterials that exhibit properties similar to those of enzymes are gaining attraction in electrochemical biosensing as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to enzymes. This review article discusses the main features of the various nanomaterials (metal oxide, metal, and carbon-based materials) explored so far to mimic different kinds of enzymes. The unprecedented opportunities imparted by these functional nanomaterials or their nanohybrids, mostly providing peroxidase-like activity, in electrochemical affinity biosensing are critically discussed mainly in connection with their use as catalytic labels or electrode surface modifiers by highlighting representative strategies reported in the past 5 years with application in the food, environmental, and biomedical fields. Apart from outlining the pros and cons of nanomaterial-based enzyme mimetics arising from the impressive development they have experienced over the last few years, current challenges and future directions for achieving their widespread use and exploiting their full potential in the development of electrochemical biosensors are discussed. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Pedrero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Jing C, Chen H, Cai R, Tian Y, Zhou N. An electrochemical aptasensor for ATP based on a configuration-switchable tetrahedral DNA nanostructure. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3285-3289. [PMID: 32930192 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical aptasensor for ATP was developed based on an aptamer-embedded configuration-switchable tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) and the formation of a G-quadruplex. This unique TDN was formed through the self-assembly of four specially designed single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequences (S1, S2, S3 and S4). The TDN was immobilized on the surface of a Au electrode through the thiol groups at the 5'-end of S1, S2 and S3. Five edges of the TDN were designed to form a double helix to preserve the structural robustness of the tetrahedron, while the ATP aptamer embedded sequence (S3) was designed to be located at the rest edge. The two terminals of S4 at the same edge were composed of two split G-quadruplex-forming sequences, which were non-complementary to the aptamer. This edge offered the configuration-switchable characteristic of the TDN. In the absence of ATP, the TDN remained in a relaxed state, and the G-quadruplex cannot form due to the large distance between the split G-quadruplex-forming sequences. However, in the presence of ATP, the aptamer combined with ATP and shortened the distance between the split sequences, resulting in the taut state of the TDN and the formation of a G-quadruplex at the edge. After the addition of hemin, the differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) were used to quantify ATP. The sensor revealed a dynamic response range from 0.1 nM to 1 μM, with a detection limit of 50 pM. In addition, the specificity and practicability in real samples were also verified, indicating its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haohan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Rongfeng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yaping Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Nandi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Aptasensor based on screen-printed electrode for breast cancer detection in undiluted human serum. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107586. [PMID: 32966935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of women death. The development of more sensitive diagnostic tests, which could present a faster response, lower cost, and could promote early diagnosis would increase the chances of survival. This study reports the development and optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of HER2 protein, a breast cancer biomarker. Two sensing platforms were developed on gold screen-printed electrodes. The first platform is composed of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) made from mixture of thiolated DNA aptamers specific for HER2 and 1-mercapto-6-hexanol (MCH), while the second one is a ternary SAM composed of the same aptamer and 1,6-hexanethiol (HDT). Both platforms were further passivated with MCH and blocked with bovine serum albumin. The biosensors were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to detect the target protein from 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL in phosphate buffered saline, diluted and undiluted human serum through charge transfer resistance value. The ternary SAM architecture shows a reduction of non-specific attachment to the electrode surface due to the HDT antifouling properties. In addition, this platform exhibits 172 pg/mL as limit of detection and a sensitivity of 4.12% per decade for undiluted serum compared with SAM architecture with the 179 pg/mL and 4.32% per decade, respectively. Electrochemical aptasensors are highly promising for medical diagnostic and ternary layers could improve the limit of detection.
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