1
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Dey J, Kaltenberger S, van Gemmeren M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Nondirected Late-Stage C(sp 2)-H Deuteration of Heteroarenes Enabled Through a Multi-Substrate Screening Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404421. [PMID: 38512005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The importance of deuterium labelling in a variety of applications, ranging from mechanistic studies to drug-discovery, has spurred immense interest in the development of new methods for its efficient incorporation in organic, and especially in bioactive molecules. The five-membered heteroarenes at the center of this work are ubiquitous motifs in bioactive molecules and efficient methods for the deuterium labelling of these compounds are therefore highly desirable. However, the profound differences in chemical properties encountered between different heteroarenes hamper the development of a single set of broadly applicable reaction conditions, often necessitating a separate optimization campaign for a given type of heteroarene. In this study we describe the use of a multi-substrate screening approach to identify optimal reaction conditions for different classes of heteroarenes from a minimal number of screening reactions. Using this approach, four sets of complementary reaction conditions derived from our dual ligand-based palladium catalysts for nondirected C(sp2)-H activation were identified, that together enable the deuteration of structurally diverse heteroarenes, including bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Dey
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Kaltenberger
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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3
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Xu H, Jiang ZJ, Jia Y, Su Y, Bai JF, Gao Z, Chen J, Gao K. H/D Exchange of Aromatic Sulfones via Base Promotion and Silver Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8468-8477. [PMID: 38856238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic sulfones are the prevailing scaffolds in pharmaceutical and material sciences. However, compared to their widespread application, the selective deuterium labeling of these structures is restricted due to their electron-deficient properties. This study presents two comprehensive strategies for the deuteration of aromatic sulfones. The base-promoted deuteration uses DMSO-d6 as the deuterium source, resulting in a rapid H/D exchange within 2 h. Meanwhile, a silver-catalyzed protocol offers a much milder option by using economical D2O to furnish the labeled sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jiang
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jia
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Su
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fei Bai
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Gao
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Cuiying Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Cuiying Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jiao M, Zhang J, Wang M, Lu H, Shi Z. Metallaphotoredox deuteroalkylation utilizing thianthrenium salts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5067. [PMID: 38871683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Deuterium labeling compounds play a crucial role in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. The synthesis of such compounds typically involves deuterated building blocks, allowing for the incorporation of deuterium atoms and functional groups into a target molecule in a single step. Unfortunately, the limited availability of synthetic approaches to deuterated synthons has impeded progress in this field. Here, we present an approach utilizing alkyl-substituted thianthrenium salts that efficiently and selectively introduce deuterium at the α position of alkyl chains through a pH-dependent HIE process, using D2O as the deuterium source. The resulting α-deuterated alkyl thianthrenium salts, which bear two deuterium atoms, exhibit excellent selectivity and deuterium incorporation in electrophilic substitution reactions. Through in situ formation of isotopically labelled alkyl halides, these thianthrenium salts demonstrate excellent compatibility in a series of metallaphotoredox cross-electrophile coupling with (hetero)aryl, alkenyl, alkyl bromides, and other alkyl thianthrenium salts. Our technique allows for a wide range of substrates, high deuterium incorporation, and precise control over the site of deuterium insertion within a molecule such as the benzyl position, allylic position, or any alkyl chain in between, as well as neighboring heteroatoms. This makes it invaluable for synthesizing various deuterium-labeled compounds, especially those with pharmaceutical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
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5
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Kamio S, Okamoto K, Yamagishi T, Nagaki A. Synthesis of Deuterated Compounds by Flow Chemistry. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300744. [PMID: 38450881 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Development of the efficient and practical method for the synthesis of deuterated compounds which occupies the broadest area among stable isotopes is one of the most essential issues toward the industrial advance and building a sustainable society. This review describes recent advances in deuteration reactions, where the continuous flow chemistry plays pivotal roles for the successful installation of deuterium atom into diverse organic frameworks, opening new fields of isotope-based synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kamio
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 006-8585, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamagishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 006-8585, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Ogasahara R, Ban K, Mae M, Akai S, Sawama Y. Deuterated Alkyl Sulfonium Salt Reagents; Importance of H/D Exchange Methods in Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400201. [PMID: 38740557 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Deuterated drugs (heavy drugs) have recently been spotlighted as a new modality for small-molecule drugs because the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical drugs can be enhanced by replacing C-H bonds with more stable C-D bonds at metabolic positions. Therefore, deuteration methods for drug candidates are a hot topic in medicinal chemistry. Among them, the H/D exchange reaction (direct transformation of C-H bonds to C-D bonds) is a useful and straightforward method for creating novel deuterated target molecules, and over 20 reviews on the synthetic methods related to H/D exchange reactions have been published in recent years. Although various deuterated drug candidates undergo clinical trials, approved deuterated drugs possess CD3 groups in the same molecule. However, less diversification, except for the CD3 group, is a problem for future medicinal chemistry. Recently, we developed various deuterated alkyl (dn-alkyl) sulfonium salts based on the H/D exchange reaction of the corresponding hydrogen form using D2O as an inexpensive deuterium source to introduce CD3, CH3CD2, and ArCH2CD2 groups into drug candidates. This concept summarises recent reviews related to H/D exchange reactions and novel reagents that introduce the CD3 group, and our newly developed electrophilic dn-alkyl reagents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Ogasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ban
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miyu Mae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Deuterium Science Research Unit, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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7
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Qu R, Wan S, Zhang X, Wang X, Xue L, Wang Q, Cheng GJ, Dai L, Lian Z. Mechanical-Force-Induced Non-spontaneous Dehalogenative Deuteration of Aromatic Iodides Enabled by Using Piezoelectric Materials as a Redox Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202400645. [PMID: 38687047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of green and efficient deuteration methods is of great significance for various fields such as organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we have developed a dehalogenative deuteration strategy using piezoelectric materials as catalysts in a solid-phase system under ball-milling conditions. This non-spontaneous reaction is induced by mechanical force. D2O can serve as both a deuterium source and an electron donor in the transformation, eliminating the need for additional stoichiometric exogenous reductants. A series of (hetero)aryl iodides can be transformed into deuterated products with high deuterium incorporation. This method not only effectively overcomes existing synthetic challenges but can also be used for deuterium labelling of drug molecules and derivatives. Bioactivity experiments with deuterated drug molecule suggest that the D-ipriflavone enhances the inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation of BMDMs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Qu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wan
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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8
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Ban K, Nozaki S, Aijima T, Oyama S, Tsujino H, Kanematsu Y, Akai S, Sawama Y. Furanyl bis(indolyl)methane as a palladium ion-selective chromogenic agent. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2734-2738. [PMID: 38356415 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The colorless solution of furan-2-yl bis(indolyl)methane (BIM) is newly revealed to work as a palladium (Pd2+) ion-selective chromogenic agent by turning orange. 5-(N-Methyl-N-phenyl-aminomethyl)-furan-2-yl BIM could be synthesized from 5-chloromethylfurfural as a biorenewable feedstock via one-pot and double functionalization, and a mixture of its solution and Pd2+ ions showed the highest absorbance at 465 nm in UV-Vis analysis. On the other hand, other metal ions (Cu2+, Cr2+, Cr3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Zn2+, In2+, Pt2+, or Ce3+) exhibited no response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ban
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shiho Nozaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Aijima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shuki Oyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kanematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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9
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Liu J, Kang J, Qi M, Tang J, Fang Y, Liu C, Hong J, Zuo J, Chen Z. Synthesis and initial evaluation of radioiodine-labelled deuterated tropane derivatives targeting dopamine transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 102:129678. [PMID: 38408514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is closely related to a variety of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. In vivo imaging of DAT with radio-labelled tracers has become a powerful technique in related disorders. The radioiodine-labelled tropane derivative [123I]FP-CIT ([123I]1a) is widely used in clinical single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging as a DAT imaging agent. To develop more metabolically stable DAT radioligands for accurate imaging, this work compared two novel deuterated tropane derivatives ([131I]1c-d) with non-deuterated tropane derivatives ([131I]1a-b). [131I]1a-d were obtained in high radiochemical purity (RCP) above 99 % with molar activities of 7.0-10.0 GBq/μmol. The [131I]1a and [131I]1c exhibited relatively higher affinity to DAT (Ki: 2.0-3.12 nM) than [131I]1b and [131I]1d. Biodistribution results showed that [131I]1c consistently exhibited a higher ratio of the target to non-target (striatum/cerebellum) than [131I]1a. Furthermore, metabolism studies indicated that the in vivo metabolic stability of [131I]1c was superior to that of [131I]1a. Ex vivo autoradiography showed that [131I]1c selectively localized on DAT-rich striatal regions and the specific signal could be blocked by DAT inhibitor. These results indicated that [131I]1c might be a potential probe for DAT SPECT imaging in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Meihui Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yi Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jingjing Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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10
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Wang ZY, Zhang X, Chen WQ, Sun GD, Wang X, Tan L, Xu H, Dai HX. Palladium-Catalyzed Deuteration of Arylketone Oxime Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319773. [PMID: 38279666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We report herein the development of palladium-catalyzed deacylative deuteration of arylketone oxime ethers. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance, heterocyclic compatibility, and high deuterium incorporation levels. Regioselective deuteration of some biologically important drugs and natural products are showcased via Friedel-Crafts acylation and subsequent deacylative deuteration. Vicinal meta-C-H bond functionalization (including fluorination, arylation, and alkylation) and para-C-H bond deuteration of electro-rich arenes are realized by using the ketone as both directing group and leaving group, which is distinct from aryl halide in conventional dehalogenative deuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Qing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Guo-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Zhu WF, Empel C, Pelliccia S, Koenigs RM, Proschak E, Hernandez-Olmos V. Photochemistry in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38457829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Photochemistry has emerged as a transformative force in organic chemistry, significantly expanding the chemical space accessible for medicinal chemistry. Light-induced reactions enable the efficient synthesis of intricate organic structures and have found applications throughout the different stages of the drug discovery and development processes. Moreover, photochemical techniques provide innovative solutions in chemical biology, allowing precise spatiotemporal drug activation and targeted delivery. In this Perspective, we highlight the already numerous remarkable applications and the even more promising future of photochemistry in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Felix Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Department of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Zhang T, Jin Z, Zhao H, Lai C, Liu Z, Luo P, Dong Z, Wang F. Aqueous alkaline phosphate facilitates the non-exchangeable deuteration of peptides and proteins. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8075-8080. [PMID: 38464689 PMCID: PMC10921277 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of deuterium into peptides and proteins holds broad applications across various fields, such as drug development and structural characterization. Nevertheless, current methods for peptide/protein deuteration often target exchangeable labile sites or require harsh conditions for stable modification. In this study, we present a late-stage approach utilizing an alkaline phosphate solution to achieve deuteration of non-exchangeable backbone sites of peptides and proteins. The specific deuteration regions are identified through ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and mass spectrometry analysis. This deuteration strategy demonstrates site and structure selectivity, with a notable affinity for labeling the α-helix regions of myoglobin. The deuterium method is particularly suitable for peptides and proteins that remain stable under high pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhixiong Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Heng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Can Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pan Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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13
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Li P, Du Z, Wu B, Zhao X, You Y. Highly effective and selective FeBr 3-promoted deuterium bromination/cyclization of 1, n-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:959-964. [PMID: 38205648 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01778h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A highly effective and selective FeBr3-promoted deuterium bromination/cyclization of 1,n-enynes is reported. On the one hand, the Lewis acid FeBr3 as a catalyst promotes cyclization of 1,n-enynes to afford deuterium heterocyclic frameworks with high efficiency. On the other hand, FeBr3 serves as the bromine source (with D2O as the deuterium source) to promote the formation of the desired deuterated pyrrole derivatives containing alkenyl bromide groups. This protocol provides an effective pathway to afford deuterated alkenyl brominative compounds as (Z)-isomers with high yields and selectivity, offering a new method for introducing 2H into organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Cable Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zhongjian Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Baofeng Wu
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China
| | - Yang'en You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China.
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14
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Gutiérrez-Blanco M, Algarra AG, Guillamón E, Fernández-Trujillo MJ, Oliva M, Basallote MG, Llusar R, Safont VS. Spin-Crossing in the ( Z)-Selective Alkyne Semihydrogenation Mechanism Catalyzed by Mo 3S 4 Clusters: A Density Functional Theory Exploration. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1000-1009. [PMID: 38173271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Semihydrogenation of internal alkynes catalyzed by the air-stable imidazolyl amino [Mo3S4Cl3(ImNH2)3]+ cluster selectively affords the (Z)-alkene under soft conditions in excellent yields. Experimental results suggest a sulfur-based mechanism with the formation of a dithiolene adduct through interaction of the alkyne with the bridging sulfur atoms. However, computational studies indicate that this mechanism is unable to explain the experimental outcome: mild reaction conditions, excellent selectivity toward the (Z)-isomer, and complete deuteration of the vinylic positions in the presence of CD3OD and CH3OD. An alternative mechanism that explains the experimental results is proposed. The reaction begins with the hydrogenation of two of the Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3 bridging sulfurs to yield a bis(hydrosulfide) intermediate that performs two sequential hydrogen atom transfers (HAT) from the S-H groups to the alkyne. The first HAT occurs with a spin change from singlet to triplet. After the second HAT, the singlet state is recovered. Although the dithiolene adduct is more stable than the hydrosulfide species, the large energy required for the subsequent H2 addition makes the system evolve via the second alternative pathway to selectively render the (Z)-alkene with a lower overall activation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gutiérrez-Blanco
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Andrés G Algarra
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Apartado 40, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Eva Guillamón
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - M Jesús Fernández-Trujillo
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Apartado 40, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Mónica Oliva
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Manuel G Basallote
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Apartado 40, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Rosa Llusar
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Vicent S Safont
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló 12071, Spain
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15
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Li D, Qiu S, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Wu L. Ligand Control of Copper-Mediated Cycloadditions of Acetylene to Azides: Chemo- and Regio-Selective Formation of Deutero- and Iodo-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38152860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The participation of σ-monocopper and σ-bis-copper acetylide in mechanistic pathways for copper-catalyzed cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions of acetylene with azides was probed by analysis of deuterium distributions in the 1,2,3-triazole product formed by deuterolysis of initially formed mono- and bis-copper triazoles. The results show that, when Cu(Phen)(PPh3)2NO3 is used as the catalyst for reactions of acetylene with azides in DMF/D2O, 1-substituted-5-deutero-1,2,3-triazoles are generated selectively. This finding demonstrates that the Cu(Phen)(PPh3)2NO3-catalyzed cycloadditions utilize monocopper acetylide as the substrate and produce 5-copper-1,2,3-triazoles initially. Conversely, when DBU or Et3N is the copper ligand, the process takes place through initial formation and cycloaddition of bis-copper acetylide to produce 4,5-bis-copper-triazole, which reacts with D2O to form the corresponding 4,5-bis-deutero-triazole. Moreover, when C2D2 is used as the substrate, Cu(Phen)(PPh3)2NO3 as the Cu ligand, and H2O/DMF as the solvent, mono-C4-deutreo 1,2,3-triazoles are generated in high yields and excellent levels of regioselectivity. Lastly, CuAAC reactions of acetylene with azides, promoted by CuCl2·2H2O and NaI, yield 4,5-diiodo-1,2,3-triazoles with moderate to high efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Shanguang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Yunlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Luyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
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16
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Ban K, Imai K, Oyama S, Tokunaga J, Ikeda Y, Uchiyama H, Kadota K, Tozuka Y, Akai S, Sawama Y. Sulfonium Salt Reagents for the Introduction of Deuterated Alkyl Groups in Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311058. [PMID: 37726202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical drugs can be improved by replacing C-H bonds with the more stable C-D bonds at the α-position to heteroatoms, which is a typical metabolic site for cytochrome P450 enzymes. However, the application of deuterated synthons is limited. Herein, we established a novel concept for preparing deuterated reagents for the successful synthesis of complex drug skeletons with deuterium atoms at the α-position to heteroatoms. (dn -Alkyl)diphenylsulfonium salts prepared from the corresponding nondeuterated forms using inexpensive and abundant D2 O as the deuterium source with a base, were used as electrophilic alkylating reagents. Additionally, these deuterated sulfonium salts were efficiently transformed into dn -alkyl halides and a dn -alkyl azide as coupling reagents and a dn -alkyl amine as a nucleophile. Furthermore, liver microsomal metabolism studies revealed deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIE) in 7-(d2 -ethoxy)flavone. The present concept for the synthesis of deuterated reagents and the first demonstration of a KIE in a d2 -ethoxy group will contribute to drug discovery research based on deuterium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ban
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuki Oyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jin Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Ikeda
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Deuterium Science Research Unit, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Zheng C, Jiang ZJ, Jin K, Wang Q, Bai JF, Xu G, Gao Z. Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Deuteration of Indole's C4-Position with Transient Directing Groups. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37993979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
As a representative scaffold of alkaloids, indoles have been extensively subjected to deuteration, but the regioselective C4 labeling has not been achieved due to its low reactivity. In this work, a Pd-catalyzed deuterium labeling at the indole's C4 position has been developed under the strategy of transient directing, using D2O as a deuterium source. The substituent effect is found to be crucial in facilitating this H/D exchange process, where the reversing C-D bond formation favors an electron-enriched ligation contrary to its C-H halogenation counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zheng
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. of China
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. of China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jiang
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. of China
| | - Ke Jin
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. of China
| | - Qian Wang
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. of China
| | - Jian-Fei Bai
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. of China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. of China
| | - Zhanghua Gao
- NingboTech-Cuiying Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. of China
- Ningbo Cuiying Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315100, P. R. of China
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18
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Zhou X, Huang Q, Guo J, Dai L, Lu Y. Enantioselective De Novo Synthesis of α,α-Diaryl Ketones from Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310078. [PMID: 37724448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral α,α-diaryl ketones are structural motifs commonly present in bioactive molecules, and they are also valuable building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry. However, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α,α-diaryl ketones bearing a tertiary stereogenic center remains largely unsolved. Herein, we report a catalytic de novo enantioselective synthesis of α,α-diaryl ketones from simple alkynes via chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysis. A broad range of enolizable α,α-diaryl ketones are prepared in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The described protocol also serves as an efficient deuteration method for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched deuterated α,α-diaryl ketones. Using the methodology reported, bioactive molecules, including one of the best-selling anti-breast cancer drugs, tamoxifen, are readily synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Zhou
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingqin Huang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiami Guo
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yixin Lu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Taniguchi T, Agbo DO. Vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy in the C-D, XY, and XYZ stretching region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28567-28575. [PMID: 37861094 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for structural analysis of chiral molecules, but information available from VCD spectra of large molecular systems can be limited by severe overlap of vibrational bands. While common chiral molecules do not absorb in the 1900-2400 cm-1 region, observation of VCD signals in this spectrally-isolated region is possible for molecules containing C-D, XY, and XYZ chromophores. Thus, a strategic introduction of these chromophores to a target molecule may produce VCD signals informative for molecular structures. VCD spectroscopy in the 1900-2400 cm-1 region is a rather unexplored research field and its basic properties remain to be investigated. This perspective article discusses insight obtained so far on the usefulness and physicochemical aspects of VCD spectroscopy in this region with briefly summarizing previous experimental VCD studies including classic examples as well as our recent results. We show that anharmonic effects such as overtones and combination bands often complicate VCD patterns. On the other hand, some molecules exhibit characteristic VCD signals that can be well interpreted by harmonic DFT spectral calculations for structural analysis. This article also discusses several examples of the use of this region for studying solute-solvent interactions and for VCD signal augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Taniguchi
- Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, North 21 West 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Davidson Obinna Agbo
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, North 21 West 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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20
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Wang Y, Dana S, Long H, Xu Y, Li Y, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11269-11335. [PMID: 37751573 PMCID: PMC10571048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) constitutes a powerful strategy for the assembly or diversification of novel molecular entities with improved physicochemical or biological activities. LSF can thus greatly accelerate the development of medicinally relevant compounds, crop protecting agents, and functional materials. Electrochemical molecular synthesis has emerged as an environmentally friendly platform for the transformation of organic compounds. Over the past decade, electrochemical late-stage functionalization (eLSF) has gained major momentum, which is summarized herein up to February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Xu
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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21
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Filer CN. Luminescence enhancement by deuterium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:372-383. [PMID: 37587721 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Created literally at the dawn of time, deuterium has been extremely valuable in so many chemistry roles. The subject of this review focuses on one deuterium application in particular: its enhancement of luminescence in many substances. After providing general overviews of both deuterium and luminescence, the early exploration of deuterium's effect on luminescence is described, followed by a number of specific topics. These sections include a discussion of deuterium-influenced luminescence for dyes, proteins, singlet oxygen, and the lanthanide elements, as well as anomalous inverse deuterium luminescence effects. Future directions for this important research topic are also proposed, as well as a summary conclusion.
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22
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Luo J, Lu L, Montag M, Liang Y, Milstein D. Hydrogenative alkene perdeuteration aided by a transient cooperative ligand. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1384-1390. [PMID: 37667011 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Deuterogenation of unsaturated organic compounds is an attractive route for installing C(sp3)-D bonds, but the existing methods typically use expensive D2 and introduce only two deuterium atoms per unsaturation. Herein we report the hydrogenative perdeuteration of alkenes using readily available H2 and D2O instead of D2, catalysed by an acridanide-based ruthenium pincer complex and resulting in the incorporation of up to 4.9 D atoms per C=C double bond in a single synthetic step. Importantly, adding a catalytic amount of thiol, which serves as a transient cooperative ligand, ensures the incorporation of deuterium rather than protium by balancing the rates of two sequential deuteration processes. The current method opens an avenue for installing perdeuteroalkyl groups at specific sites from widely available alkenes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lijun Lu
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Montag
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaoyu Liang
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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23
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Kramp H, Weck R, Sandvoss M, Sib A, Mencia G, Fazzini PF, Chaudret B, Derdau V. In situ Generated Iridium Nanoparticles as Hydride Donors in Photoredox-Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Reactions with Deuterium and Tritium Gas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308983. [PMID: 37453077 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the photoredox-catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reaction with deuterium or tritium gas as isotope sources and in situ formed transition metal nanoparticles as hydrogen atom transfer pre-catalysts. By this means we have found synergistic reactivities applying two different HIE mechanisms, namely photoredox-catalyzed and CH-functionalization HIE leading to the synthesis of highly deuterated complex molecules. Finally, we adopted these findings successfully to tritium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Kramp
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Remo Weck
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Sandvoss
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Sib
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabriel Mencia
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Pier-Francesco Fazzini
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Volker Derdau
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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24
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Labiche A, Malandain A, Molins M, Taran F, Audisio D. Modern Strategies for Carbon Isotope Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303535. [PMID: 37074841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to stable and natural abundant carbon-12, the synthesis of organic molecules with carbon (radio)isotopes must be conceived and optimized in order to navigate through the hurdles of radiochemical requirements, such as high costs of the starting materials, harsh conditions and radioactive waste generation. In addition, it must initiate from the small cohort of available C-labeled building blocks. For long time, multi-step approaches have represented the sole available patterns. On the other side, the development of chemical reactions based on the reversible cleavage of C-C bonds might offer new opportunities and reshape retrosynthetic analysis in radiosynthesis. This review aims to provide a short survey on the recently emerged carbon isotope exchange technologies that provide effective opportunity for late-stage labeling. At present, such strategies have relied on the use of primary and easily accessible radiolabeled C1-building blocks, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and cyanides, while the activation principles have been based on thermal, photocatalytic, metal-catalyzed and biocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Labiche
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Augustin Malandain
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxime Molins
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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25
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Tortajada A, Hevia E. Alkali-metal bases in catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange processes. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:4919-4925. [PMID: 38013748 PMCID: PMC10465149 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of compounds labelled with deuterium or tritium has become an essential tool in a range of research fields. Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) offers direct access to said compounds, introducing these isotopes in a late stage. Even though the field has rapidly advanced with the use of transition metal catalysis, alkali-metal bases, used as catalysts or under stoichiometric conditions, have also emerged as a viable alternative. In this minireview we describe the latest advances in the use of alkali-metal bases in HIE processes, showcasing their synthetic potential as well as current challenges in the field. It is divided in different sections based on the isotope source used, emphasizing their benefits, disadvantages and limitations. The influence on the choice of alkali-metal in these processes as well as their possible mechanistic pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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26
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Okamoto K, Higuma R, Muta K, Fukumoto K, Tsuchihashi Y, Ashikari Y, Nagaki A. External Flash Generation of Carbenoids Enables Monodeuteration of Dihalomethanes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301738. [PMID: 37300319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, incorporation of one deuterium atom was achieved by H-D exchange of one of the two identical methylene protons in various dihalomethanes (halogen=Cl, Br, and I) through a rapid-mixing microflow reaction of lithium diisopropylamide as a strong base and deuterated methanol as a deuteration reagent. Generation of highly unstable carbenoid intermediate and suppression of its decomposition were successfully controlled under high flow-rate conditions. Monofunctionalization of diiodomethane afforded various building blocks composed of boryl, stannyl, and silyl groups. The monodeuterated diiodomethane, which served as a deuterated C1 source, was subsequently subjected to diverted functionalization methods to afford various products including biologically important molecules bearing isotope labelling at specific positions and homologation products with monodeuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuma
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Muta
- Fundamental Chemical Research Center, Central Glass Co., Ltd., 17-5, Nakadai 2-chome, Kawagoe City, Saitama, 350-1159, Japan
| | - Keita Fukumoto
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp., 10 Okubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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27
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Guo F, Shan S, Gong X, Dai C, Quan Z, Cheng X, Fan X. Deuteration Degree-Controllable Methylation via a Cascade Assembly Strategy using Methylamine-Water as Methyl Source. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301458. [PMID: 37222652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel and effective photocatalytic method for the methylation of β-diketones with controllable degrees of deuterium incorporation via development of new methyl sources. By utilizing a methylamine-water system as the methyl precursor and a cascade assembly strategy for deuteration degree control, we synthesized methylated compounds with varying degrees of deuterium incorporation, showcasing the versatility of this approach. We examined a range of β-diketone substrates and synthesized key intermediates for drug and bioactive compounds with varying degrees of deuterium incorporation, ranging from 0 to 3. We also investigated and discussed the postulated reaction pathway. This work demonstrates the utility of readily available reagents, methylamines and water, as a new methyl source, and provides a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of degree-controllable deuterium-labelled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiquan Shan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Cancan Dai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhengjun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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28
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Li L, Guo Y, Lu Y, Xu Y, Lu Y, Zhu X, Dong X, Che J. An updated patent review of AKT inhibitors (2020 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:549-564. [PMID: 37864349 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2273895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinase B (Akt), an essential protein in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Over the past two years, different types of Akt modulators have continued to emerge in the patent literature. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the patent literature covering small molecule inhibitors, peptides, PROTACs, and antisense nucleic acids targetingAkt from 2020 to present. Also, we discuss the outcomes of several clinical trials, combination strategies for different mechanisms, and the application of Akt regulators in other non-oncology indications.Our search for relevant information was conducted using various databases, including the European Patent Office, SciFinder, andPubMed, from 01.2020 to 04.2023. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, some combination therapeutic strategies involvingAkt inhibitors have shown promising clinical outcomes. Future research can be directed toward developing new applications of Akt inhibitors, which may have implications for other diseases beyond cancer. New attempts suggest that targeting allosteric sites may be a potential solution to the problem of isoform selectivity.Furthermore, directly knocking out Akt protein by using the degraderssuggests a promising direction for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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29
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Di Martino RMC, Maxwell BD, Pirali T. Deuterium in drug discovery: progress, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:562-584. [PMID: 37277503 PMCID: PMC10241557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of a hydrogen atom with its heavy isotope deuterium entails the addition of one neutron to a molecule. Despite being a subtle change, this structural modification, known as deuteration, may improve the pharmacokinetic and/or toxicity profile of drugs, potentially translating into improvements in efficacy and safety compared with the non-deuterated counterparts. Initially, efforts to exploit this potential primarily led to the development of deuterated analogues of marketed drugs through a 'deuterium switch' approach, such as deutetrabenazine, which became the first deuterated drug to receive FDA approval in 2017. In the past few years, the focus has shifted to applying deuteration in novel drug discovery, and the FDA approved the pioneering de novo deuterated drug deucravacitinib in 2022. In this Review, we highlight key milestones in the field of deuteration in drug discovery and development, emphasizing recent and instructive medicinal chemistry programmes and discussing the opportunities and hurdles for drug developers, as well as the questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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30
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Hou J, Yin J, Han H, Yang Q, Li Y, Lou Y, Wu X, You Y. Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrochlorination/Cyclization of 1, n-Enynes by FeCl 3 Catalysis. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37285405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A highly regio- and stereoselective hydrochlorination/cyclization of enynes has been reported by FeCl3 catalysis. A variety of enynes undergo this cyclization transformation with acetic chloride as the chlorine source and H2O providing protons via a cationic pathway. This protocol provides a cheap, simple, stereospecific, and effective cyclization to afford heterocyclic alkenyl chloride compounds as Z isomers with high yields (≤98%) and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hao Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Qirui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yougui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yang'en You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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31
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Yun SJ, Kim J, Kang E, Jung H, Kim HT, Kim M, Joo JM. Nondirected Pd-Catalyzed C–H Perdeuteration and meta-Selective Alkenylation of Arenes Enabled by Pyrazolopyridone Ligands. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jin Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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32
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Yuan CH, Wang XX, Jiao L. Ligand-Enabled Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective β-C(sp 3 )-H Arylation of Aliphatic Tertiary Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300854. [PMID: 36851818 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Amide is one of the most widespread functional groups in organic and bioorganic chemistry, and it would be valuable to achieve stereoselective C(sp3 )-H functionalization in amide molecules. Palladium(II) catalysis has been prevalently used in the C-H activation chemistry in the past decades, however, due to the weakly-coordinating feature of simple amides, it is challenging to achieve their direct C(sp3 )-H functionalization with enantiocontrol by PdII catalysis. Our group has developed sulfoxide-2-hydroxypridine (SOHP) ligands, which exhibited remarkable activity in Pd-catalyzed C(sp2 )-H activation. In this work, we demonstrate that chiral SOHP ligands served as an ideal solution to enantioselective C(sp3 )-H activation in simple amides. Herein, we report an efficient asymmetric PdII /SOHP-catalyzed β-C(sp3 )-H arylation of aliphatic tertiary amides, in which the SOHP ligand plays a key role in the stereoselective C-H deprotonation-metalation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Yuan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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33
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Tang J, Kong J, Xu H, Jiang ZJ, She Y, Bai J, Tang B, Chen J, Gao Z, Gao K. Multideuteration of Nitroaromatics by Silver-Catalyzed Hydrogen-Isotope Exchange. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1560-1567. [PMID: 36634252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver-catalyzed deuteration of nitroaromatics has been achieved using D2O as the deuterium source. Distinct from the well-established directing group-guided hydrogen-isotope exchange, this protocol showed an interesting deuteration pattern, where considerable deuterium accumulation was observed around the aromatic rings. Controlling experiments suggested that the deuteration was initiated by a silver-promoted C-H activation. Therefore, a tentative two-stage deuteration mechanism involving aryl-silver species was proposed to explain the deuteration on meta- and para-positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Kong
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jiang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Yifan She
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Bai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China.,Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China.,Ningbo Cuiying Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Zhanghua Gao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China.,Ningbo Cuiying Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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34
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Desai B, Uppuluru A, Dey A, Deshpande N, Dholakiya BZ, Sivaramakrishna A, Naveen T, Padala K. The recent advances in cobalt-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H functionalization reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:673-699. [PMID: 36602117 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, reactions involving C-H functionalization have become a hot theme in organic transformations because they have a lot of potential for the streamlined synthesis of complex molecules. C(sp3)-H bonds are present in most organic species. Since organic molecules have massive significance in various aspects of life, the exploitation and functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds hold enormous importance. In recent years, the first-row transition metal-catalyzed direct and selective functionalization of C-H bonds has emerged as a simple and environmentally friendly synthetic method due to its low cost, unique reactivity profiles and easy availability. Therefore, research advancements are being made to conceive catalytic systems that foster direct C(sp3)-H functionalization under benign reaction conditions. Cobalt-based catalysts offer mild and convenient reaction conditions at a reasonable expense compared to conventional 2nd and 3rd-row transition metal catalysts. Consequently, the probing of Co-based catalysts for C(sp3)-H functionalization is one of the hot topics from the outlook of an organic chemist. This review primarily focuses on the literature from 2018 to 2022 and sheds light on the substrate scope, selectivity, benefits and limitations of cobalt catalysts for organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav Desai
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat-395 007, India.
| | - Ajay Uppuluru
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Ashutosh Dey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Neha Deshpande
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat-395 007, India.
| | - Bharatkumar Z Dholakiya
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat-395 007, India.
| | - Akella Sivaramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat-395 007, India.
| | - Kishor Padala
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India. .,Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Kondakarakam Village, Cantonment, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, 535003, India
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35
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Lu YC, West JG. Chemoselective Decarboxylative Protonation Enabled by Cooperative Earth-Abundant Element Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213055. [PMID: 36350328 PMCID: PMC9839625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylative protonation is a general deletion tactic to replace polar carboxylic acid groups with hydrogen or its isotope. Current methods rely on the pre-activation of acids, non-sustainable hydrogen sources, and/or expensive/highly oxidizing photocatalysts, presenting challenges to their wide adoption. Here we show that a cooperative iron/thiol catalyst system can readily achieve this transformation, hydrodecarboxylating a wide range of activated and unactivated carboxylic acids and overcoming scope limitations in previous direct methods. The reaction is readily scaled in batch configuration and can be directly performed in deuterated solvent to afford high yields of d-incorporated products with excellent isotope incorporation efficiency; characteristics not attainable in previous photocatalyzed approaches. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a radical mechanism and kinetic results of unactivated acids (KIE=1) are consistent with a light-limited reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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36
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Suzuki A, Kamei Y, Yamashita M, Seino Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshino T, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Photocatalytic Deuterium Atom Transfer Deuteration of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with High Functional Group Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214433. [PMID: 36394187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to its mild reaction conditions and unique chemoselectivity, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrogenation represents an indispensable method for the synthesis of complex molecules. Its analog using deuterium, deuterium atom transfer (DAT) deuteration, is expected to enable access to complex deuterium-labeled compounds. However, DAT deuteration has been scarcely studied for synthetic purposes, and a method that possesses the favorable characteristics of HAT hydrogenations has remained elusive. Herein, we report a protocol for the photocatalytic DAT deuteration of electron-deficient alkenes. In contrast to the previous DAT deuteration, this method tolerates a variety of synthetically useful functional groups including haloarenes. The late-stage deuteration also allows access to deuterated amino acids as well as donepezil-d2 . Thus, this work demonstrates the potential of DAT chemistry to become the alternative method of choice for preparing deuterium-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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Barranco S, Pérez-Temprano MH. Merging homogeneous transition metal catalysis and hydrogen isotope exchange. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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38
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Shi X, Zhao T, da Silva-Júnior EF, Zhang J, Xu S, Gao S, Liu X, Zhan P. Novel urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors: a review of recent patent literature (2020-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1175-1184. [PMID: 36625031 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2165911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a membrane transporter located in the apical membrane of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, which mediates most of the reabsorption of urate. Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common disease caused by metabolic disorders, which has been considered as the key factor of gout. Approximately 90% of patients suffer from hyperuricemia due to insufficient or poor uric acid excretion. Therefore, the drug design of URAT1 inhibitors targeting improve the renal urate excretion by reducing the reabsorption of urate anions represent a hot topic in searching for anti-gout drugs currently. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize URAT1 inhibitors patents reported since 2020 to present through the public database at https://worldwide.espacenet.com and some medicinal chemistry strategies employed to develop novel drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION Ligand-based drug design (LBDD) strategies have been frequently used developing new URAT1 inhibitors. Meanwhile, the discovery of dual drugs targeting both inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and URAT1 may be an emerging horizon for designing novel uric acid-lowering candidates in future. Furthermore, advanced techniques in the field of molecular biology and computer science can increase the chances to discover and/or optimize URAT1 inhibitors, contributing to the development of novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
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39
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Xiang Z, Huang S, Zhao LL, Zhang Z, Chen K, Cao W, Zheng K, Yan X. Base-catalyzed H/D exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Tortajada A, Hevia E. Perdeuteration of Arenes via Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Catalyzed by the Superbasic Sodium Amide Donor Species NaTMP·PMDETA. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20237-20242. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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41
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Welton C, Raval P, Trébosc J, Reddy GNM. Chemical exchange of labile protons by deuterium enables selective detection of pharmaceuticals in solid formulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11551-11554. [PMID: 36165029 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemically assisted swapping of labile protons by deuterons is presented for amino acids, polysaccharides, pharmaceutical compounds, and their solid formulations. Solid-state packing interactions in these compounds are elucidated by 1H-2H isotope correlation NMR spectroscopy (iCOSY). A minuscule concentration of dopamine, 5 wt% or ∼100 μg, in a solid formulation can be detected by 2H NMR at 28.2 T (1H, 1200 MHz) in under a minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Welton
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Parth Raval
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Julien Trébosc
- University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Abstract
Deuterated chemicals are becoming irreplaceable in pharmaceutical engineering, material science and synthetic chemistry. Many excellent reviews have discussed acid/base-dependent or metal-catalyzed deuteration reactions, but radical deuterations have been discussed less. With the development of radical chemistry, there has been a rapid growth in radical deuterium-labelling technology. Diverse mild, cheap and efficient strategies for deuterium atom installation have been reported, and this review summarizes the recent achievements of radical deuteration classified by the reaction types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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43
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Zhao B, Wang Q, Zhu T, Feng B, Ma M. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of C-1 Deuterated Aldehydes from (Hetero) Arenes Mediated by C (sp 2)-H Thianthrenation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5608-5613. [PMID: 35880900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed deuterated formylation of aryl sulfonium salts is prepared conveniently from readily available arenes, which enables the expedient synthesis of a series of structurally diverse C-1 deuterated aldehydes with 96%-99% deuterium incorporation. The easy to handle and cost-effective DCOONa provides a deuterium source, which can be introduced onto the formyl units with excellent selectivity under the palladium-catalytic redox neutral conditions. This catalytic route can accomplish the direct late-stage C-H functionalization of bioactive molecules and natural product derivatives assisted by C (sp2)-H thianthrenation. Moreover, on the basis of this practical approach, several deuterated drugs and analogues could be prepared with excellent levels of deuterium incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiuzhu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bin Feng
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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44
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Dong Y, Li X, Ji P, Gao F, Meng X, Wang W. Synthesis of C-1 Deuterated 3-Formylindoles by Organophotoredox Catalyzed Direct Formylation of Indoles with Deuterated Glyoxylic Acid. Org Lett 2022; 24:5034-5039. [PMID: 35799325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct formylation of feedstock indoles with newly developed, cost-effective deuterated glyoxylic acid as formylation agent under visible light and air (O2) as terminal oxidant has been developed. An isatin byproduct produced from the corresponding indole reactant serves as a facilitator for the formylation process. The simple, mild, metal- and oxidant-free protocol enables the synthesis of structurally diverse C1-deuterated 3-formylindoles with broad functional group tolerance and late-stage functionalization at a high level of D-incorporation (95-99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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45
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Zhou X, Yu T, Dong G. Site-Specific and Degree-Controlled Alkyl Deuteration via Cu-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Deacylation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9570-9575. [PMID: 35613457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deuterated organic compounds have become increasingly important in many areas; however, it remains challenging to install deuterium site-selectively to unactivated aliphatic positions with control of the degree of deuteration. Here, we report a Cu-catalyzed degree-controlled deacylative deuteration of diverse alkyl groups with the methylketone (acetyl) moiety as a traceless activating group. The use of N-methylpicolino-hydrazonamide (MPHA) promotes efficient aromatization-driven C-C cleavage. Mono-, di-, and trideuteration at specific sites can be selectively achieved. The reaction is redox-neutral with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this method has been demonstrated in forming a complete set of deuterated ethyl groups, merging with the Diels-Alder reaction, a net devinylative deuteration, and the synthesis of the d2-analogue of Austedo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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C−H Methylation Using Sustainable Approaches. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C−H methylation of sp2 and sp3 carbon centers is significant in many biological processes. Methylated drug candidates show unique properties due to the change in solubility, conformation and metabolic activities. Several photo-catalyzed, electrochemical, mechanochemical and metal-free techniques that are widely utilized strategies in medicinal chemistry for methylation of arenes and heteroarenes have been covered in this review.
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