1
|
Li L, Zhang Q, Geng D, Meng H, Hu W. Atomic engineering of two-dimensional materials via liquid metals. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7158-7201. [PMID: 38847021 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, known for their distinctive electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, have attracted considerable attention. The precise atomic-scale synthesis of 2D materials opens up new frontiers in nanotechnology, presenting novel opportunities for material design and property control but remains challenging due to the high expense of single-crystal solid metal catalysts. Liquid metals, with their fluidity, ductility, dynamic surface, and isotropy, have significantly enhanced the catalytic processes crucial for synthesizing 2D materials, including decomposition, diffusion, and nucleation, thus presenting an unprecedented precise control over material structures and properties. Besides, the emergence of liquid alloy makes the creation of diverse heterostructures possible, offering a new dimension for atomic engineering. Significant achievements have been made in this field encompassing defect-free preparation, large-area self-aligned array, phase engineering, heterostructures, etc. This review systematically summarizes these contributions from the aspects of fundamental synthesis methods, liquid catalyst selection, resulting 2D materials, and atomic engineering. Moreover, the review sheds light on the outlook and challenges in this evolving field, providing a valuable resource for deeply understanding this field. The emergence of liquid metals has undoubtedly revolutionized the traditional nanotechnology for preparing 2D materials on solid metal catalysts, offering flexible possibilities for the advancement of next-generation electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parker CJ, Zuraiqi K, Krishnamurthi V, Mayes EL, Vaillant PHA, Fatima SS, Matuszek K, Tang J, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Meftahi N, McConville CF, Elbourne A, Russo SP, Christofferson AJ, Chiang K, Daeneke T. Spontaneous Liquefaction of Solid Metal-Liquid Metal Interfaces in Colloidal Binary Alloys. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400147. [PMID: 38704677 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization of alloys from a molten state is a fundamental process underpinning metallurgy. Here the direct imaging of an intermetallic precipitation reaction at equilibrium in a liquid-metal environment is demonstrated. It is shown that the outer layers of a solidified intermetallic are surprisingly unstable to the depths of several nanometers, fluctuating between a crystalline and a liquid state. This effect, referred to herein as crystal interface liquefaction, is observed at remarkably low temperatures and results in highly unstable crystal interfaces at temperatures exceeding 200 K below the bulk melting point of the solid. In general, any liquefaction process would occur at or close to the formal melting point of a solid, thus differentiating the observed liquefaction phenomenon from other processes such as surface pre-melting or conventional bulk melting. Crystal interface liquefaction is observed in a variety of binary alloy systems and as such, the findings may impact the understanding of crystallization and solidification processes in metallic systems and alloys more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiden J Parker
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Karma Zuraiqi
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Edwin Lh Mayes
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2008, Australia
| | - Nastaran Meftahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew J Christofferson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Ken Chiang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghasemian MB, Zavabeti A, Allioux FM, Sharma P, Mousavi M, Rahim MA, Khayyam Nekouei R, Tang J, Christofferson AJ, Meftahi N, Rafiezadeh S, Cheong S, Koshy P, Tilley RD, McConville CF, Russo SP, Ton-That C, Seidel J, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Liquid Metal Doping Induced Asymmetry in Two-Dimensional Metal Oxides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309924. [PMID: 38263808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides is a topic of significant technological interest; however, many 2D metal oxides lack intrinsic ferroelectric properties. Therefore, introducing asymmetry provides access to a broader range of 2D materials within the ferroelectric family. Here, the generation of asymmetry in 2D SnO by doping the material with Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) is demonstrated. A liquid metal process as a doping strategy for the preparation of 2D HZO-doped SnO with robust ferroelectric characteristics is implemented. This technology takes advantage of the selective interface enrichment of molten Sn with HZO crystallites. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate a strong tendency of Hf and Zr atoms to migrate toward the surface of liquid metal and embed themselves within the growing oxide layer in the form of HZO. Thus, the liquid metal-based harvesting/doping technique is a feasible approach devised for producing novel 2D metal oxides with induced ferroelectric properties, represents a significant development for the prospects of random-access memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- ARC Center of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Maedehsadat Mousavi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Christofferson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Nastaran Meftahi
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Somayeh Rafiezadeh
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chris F McConville
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Cuong Ton-That
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jan Seidel
- ARC Center of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Lin Y. Gallium-based liquid metals as reaction media for nanomaterials synthesis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6915-6933. [PMID: 38501969 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) and their alloys have gained prominence in the realm of flexible and stretchable electronics. Recent advances have expanded the interest to explore the electron-rich core and interface of LMs to synthesize various nanomaterials, where Ga-based LMs serve as versatile reaction media. In this paper, we delve into the latest developments within this burgeoning field. Our discussion begins by elucidating the unique attributes of LMs that render them suitable as reaction media, including their high metal solubility, low standard reduction potential, self-limiting oxidation and ultra-smooth and "layer" surface. We then provide a comprehensive categorized summary of utilizing these features to fabricate a variety of nanomaterials, including pure metallic materials (metal alloys, metal crystals, porous metals, high-entropy alloys and metallic single atoms), metal-inorganic compounds (2D metal oxides, 2D metallic inorganic compounds and 2D graphitic materials), as well as metal-organic composites (metal-organic frameworks). This paper concludes by discussing the current challenges in this field and exploring potential future directions. The versatility and unique properties of Ga-based LMs are poised to play a pivotal role in the future of nanomaterial science, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and innovative technological solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yiliang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Truong VK, Hayles A, Bright R, Luu TQ, Dickey MD, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Vasilev K. Gallium Liquid Metal: Nanotoolbox for Antimicrobial Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14406-14423. [PMID: 37506260 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of drug resistance in microbial pathogens poses a significant threat to human health. Hence, treatment measures are essential to surmount this growing problem. In this context, liquid metal nanoparticles are promising. Gallium, a post-transition metal notable for being a liquid at physiological temperature, has drawn attention for its distinctive properties, high antimicrobial efficacy, and low toxicity. Moreover, gallium nanoparticles demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties in immune cells. Gallium can alloy with other metals and be prepared in various composites to modify and tailor its characteristics and functionality. More importantly, the bactericidal mechanism of gallium liquid metal could sidestep the threat of emerging drug resistance mechanisms. Building on this rationale, gallium-based liquid metal nanoparticles can enable impactful and innovative strategic pathways in the battle against antimicrobial resistance. This review outlines the characteristics of gallium-based liquid metals at the nanoscale and their corresponding antimicrobial mechanisms to provide a comprehensive yet succinct overview of their current antimicrobial applications. In addition, challenges and opportunities that require further research efforts have been identified and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vi Khanh Truong
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Trong Quan Luu
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lau CS, Das S, Verzhbitskiy IA, Huang D, Zhang Y, Talha-Dean T, Fu W, Venkatakrishnarao D, Johnson Goh KE. Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Applications. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37257134 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite over a decade of intense research efforts, the full potential of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides continues to be limited by major challenges. The lack of compatible and scalable dielectric materials and integration techniques restrict device performances and their commercial applications. Conventional dielectric integration techniques for bulk semiconductors are difficult to adapt for atomically thin two-dimensional materials. This review provides a brief introduction into various common and emerging dielectric synthesis and integration techniques and discusses their applicability for 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Dielectric integration for various applications is reviewed in subsequent sections including nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, flexible electronics, valleytronics, biosensing, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing. For each application, we introduce basic device working principles, discuss the specific dielectric requirements, review current progress, present key challenges, and offer insights into future prospects and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chit Siong Lau
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sarthak Das
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ivan A Verzhbitskiy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ding Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Teymour Talha-Dean
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dasari Venkatakrishnarao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kuan Eng Johnson Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu PQ, Miao X, Datta S. Recent Advances in Liquid Metal Photonics: Technologies and Applications. OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 2023; 13:699-727. [PMID: 38249122 PMCID: PMC10798671 DOI: 10.1364/ome.484236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Near-room-temperature liquid metals offer unique and crucial advantages over solid metals for a broad range of applications which require soft, stretchable and/or reconfigurable structures and devices. In particular, gallium-based liquid metals are the most suitable for a wide range of applications, not only owing to their low melting points, but also thanks to their low toxicity and negligible vapor pressure. In addition, gallium-based liquid metals exhibit attractive optical properties which make them highly suitable for a variety of photonics applications. This review summarizes the material properties of gallium-based liquid metals, highlights several effective techniques for fabricating liquid-metal-based structures and devices, and then focuses on the various photonics applications of these liquid metals in different spectral regions, following with a discussion on the challenges and opportunities for future research in this relatively nascent field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Q. Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xianglong Miao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Shreyan Datta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Synthesis and Application of Liquid Metal Based-2D Nanomaterials: A Perspective View for Sustainable Energy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020524. [PMID: 36677585 PMCID: PMC9864318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous exploration of low-dimensional nanomaterials, two dimensional metal oxides (2DMOs) has been received great interest. However, their further development is limited by the high cost in the preparation process and the unstable states caused by the polarization of surface chemical bonds. Recently, obtaining mental oxides via liquid metals have been considered a surprising method for obtaining 2DMOs. Therefore, how to scientifically choose different preparation methods to obtain 2DMOs applying in different application scenarios is an ongoing process worth discussing. This review will provide some new opportunities for the rational design of 2DMOs based on liquid metals. Firstly, the surface oxidation process and in situ electrical replacement reaction process of liquid metals are introduced in detail, which provides theoretical basis for realizing functional 2DMOs. Secondly, by simple sticking method, gas injection method and ultrasonic method, 2DMOs can be obtained from liquid metal, the characteristics of each method are introduced in detail. Then, this review provides some prospective new ideas for 2DMOs in other energy-related applications such as photodegradation, CO2 reduction and battery applications. Finally, the present challenges and future development prospects of 2DMOs applied in liquid metals are presented.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Wu X, Ren L. Design and Synthesis of Cobalt-Based Hollow Nanoparticles through the Liquid Metal Template. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1292. [PMID: 36014214 PMCID: PMC9415925 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Co-based compounds have attracted much attention due to their competitive catalytic activities. To enhance their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity, morphology engineering is one of the effective strategies. Hollow structures have fascinating properties due to their low density and high loading capacity. In this work, we introduce a Ga-based liquid alloy as a reactive template for the synthesis of varying Co-based hollow nanoparticles. The fluidity character of the Ga-based liquid alloy facilitates the large-scale production of nanoparticles via a top-down shearing process. The pre-installed active species (here is Zn) in the liquid alloy serve as a sacrificial source to quantitatively reduce Co2+ ions and form Co-based compounds. Well-structured Ga/CoOOH core-shell nanospheres are thus successfully prepared, and more varied Co-based hollow nanoparticles can be obtained by post-treatment and reaction. Hollow structures can offer enhanced interfacial area and increased active sites, benefiting the catalytic performance. Among the prepared Co-based catalysts, CoSe2 hollow nanoparticles exhibited the best oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an overpotential of 340 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2. This work provides a novel strategy for the rational design and simple preparation of hollow nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Yundan Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, Faculty of Materials and Optoelectronic Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xianghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Long Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kawasaki H, Otsuki T, Sugino F, Yamamoto K, Tokunaga T, Tokura R, Yonezawa T. A liquid metal catalyst for the conversion of ethanol into graphitic carbon layers under an ultrasonic cavitation field. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7741-7744. [PMID: 35723415 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) has drawn considerable research interest in potential liquid catalysis. Herein, we report that EGaIn liquid metal acts as a catalyst for the growth of a graphitic carbon layer from ethanol under ultrasonication. High-speed imaging demonstrated the formation of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles at the liquid metal/ethanol interface, which facilitated the pyrolysis of ethanol into graphitic carbon on the liquid metal surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-Shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Otsuki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-Shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Fumiya Sugino
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, The Faculty of Engineering Science, Kansai University, Suita-Shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, The Faculty of Engineering Science, Kansai University, Suita-Shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Tokunaga
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Rintaro Tokura
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aukarasereenont P, Goff A, Nguyen CK, McConville CF, Elbourne A, Zavabeti A, Daeneke T. Liquid metals: an ideal platform for the synthesis of two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1253-1276. [PMID: 35107468 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of liquid metals can serve as a platform to synthesise two-dimensional materials. By exploiting the self-limiting Cabrera-Mott oxidation reaction that takes place at the surface of liquid metals exposed to ambient air, an ultrathin oxide layer can be synthesised and isolated. Several synthesis approaches based on this phenomenon have been developed in recent years, resulting in a diverse family of functional 2D materials that covers a significant fraction of the periodic table. These straightforward and inherently scalable techniques may enable the fabrication of novel devices and thus harbour significant application potential. This review provides a brief introduction to liquid metals and their alloys, followed by detailed guidance on each developed synthesis technique, post-growth processing methods, integration processes, as well as potential applications of the developed materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Goff
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Chung Kim Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Chris F McConville
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Allioux FM, Ghasemian MB, Xie W, O'Mullane AP, Daeneke T, Dickey MD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:141-167. [PMID: 34982812 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Post-transition liquid metals (LMs) offer new opportunities for accessing exciting dynamics for nanomaterials. As entities with free electrons and ions as well as fluidity, LM-based nanomaterials are fundamentally different from their solid counterparts. The low melting points of most post-transition metals (less than 330 °C) allow for the formation of nanodroplets from bulk metal melts under mild mechanical and chemical conditions. At the nanoscale, these liquid state nanodroplets simultaneously offer high electrical and thermal conductivities, tunable reactivities and useful physicochemical properties. They also offer specific alloying and dealloying conditions for the formation of multi-elemental liquid based nanoalloys or the synthesis of engineered solid nanomaterials. To date, while only a few nanosized LM materials have been investigated, extraordinary properties have been observed for such systems. Multi-elemental nanoalloys have shown controllable homogeneous or heterogeneous core and surface compositions with interfacial ordering at the nanoscale. The interactions and synergies of nanosized LMs with polymeric, inorganic and bio-materials have also resulted in new compounds. This review highlights recent progress and future directions for the synthesis and applications of post-transition LMs and their alloys. The review presents the unique properties of these LM nanodroplets for developing functional materials for electronics, sensors, catalysts, energy systems, and nanomedicine and biomedical applications, as well as other functional systems engineered at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Wanjie Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie H, Li Z, Cheng L, Haidry AA, Tao J, Xu Y, Xu K, Ou JZ. Recent advances in the fabrication of 2D metal oxides. iScience 2022; 25:103598. [PMID: 35005545 PMCID: PMC8717458 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides exhibit unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical properties, rendering them a bright application prospect in high-performance smart devices. Given the large variety of both layered and non-layered 2D metal oxides, the controllable synthesis is the critical prerequisite for enabling the exploration of their great potentials. In this review, recent progress in the synthesis of 2D metal oxides is summarized and categorized. Particularly, a brief overview of categories and crystal structures of 2D metal oxides is firstly introduced, followed by a critical discussion of various synthesis methods regarding the growth mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Finally, the existing challenges are presented to provide possible future research directions regarding the synthesis of 2D metal oxides. This work can provide useful guidance on developing innovative approaches for producing both 2D layered and non-layered nanostructures and assist with the acceleration of the research of 2D metal oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaguang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Azhar Ali Haidry
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jiaqi Tao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghasemian MB, Zavabeti A, Mousavi M, Murdoch BJ, Christofferson AJ, Meftahi N, Tang J, Han J, Jalili R, Allioux FM, Mayyas M, Chen Z, Elbourne A, McConville CF, Russo SP, Ringer S, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Doping Process of 2D Materials Based on the Selective Migration of Dopants to the Interface of Liquid Metals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104793. [PMID: 34510605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of trace impurities within the doping processes of semiconductors is still a technological challenge for the electronics industries. By taking advantage of the selective enrichment of liquid metal interfaces, and harvesting the doped metal oxide semiconductor layers, the complexity of the process can be mitigated and a high degree of control over the outcomes can be achieved. Here, a mechanism of natural filtering for the preparation of doped 2D semiconducting sheets based on the different migration tendencies of metallic elements in the bulk competing for enriching the interfaces is proposed. As a model, liquid metal alloys with different weight ratios of Sn and Bi in the bulk are employed for harvesting Bi2 O3 -doped SnO nanosheets. In this model, Sn shows a much stronger tendency than Bi to occupy surface sites of the Bi-Sn alloys, even at the very high concentrations of Bi in the bulk. This provides the opportunity for creating SnO 2D sheets with tightly controlled Bi2 O3 dopants. By way of example, it is demonstrated how such nanosheets could be made selective to both reducing and oxidizing environmental gases. The process demonstrated here offers significant opportunities for future synthesis and fabrication processes in the electronics industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Maedehsadat Mousavi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Nastaran Meftahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Zibin Chen
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Chris F McConville
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Simon Ringer
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|