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Wang W, Xu X, Xu Y, Zhan Y, Wu C, Xiao X, Cheng C, Gao C. Quercetin, a key active ingredient of Jianpi Zishen Xiehuo Formula, suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and platelet phagocytosis by inhibiting STAT3 activation based on network pharmacology. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4219-4233. [PMID: 38055068 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hemorrhagic disease, and abnormal M1 macrophage polarization participates in the pathogenesis of ITP. Jianpi Zishen Xiehuo (JZX) Formula has a good therapeutic effect on ITP. However, its key active ingredients and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the key active ingredients and potential targets of JZX in treating ITP using network pharmacology combined with in vitro experimental verification. A total of 157 active ingredients of JZX were identified from public databases, and quercetin was the most important one. One hundred sixty-five intersection targets of active ingredients in JZX, ITP, and macrophage polarization were obtained by Venn diagram. The top three potential targets were signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) 1, and c-JUN through protein-protein interaction analysis. Molecular docking showed that quercetin had strong binding affinities with them all. In vitro experiment, CD16+ monocytes increased in ITP patients compared with healthy controls, which indicated a M1/M2 polarization imbalance in ITP. The expression levels of M1 polarization markers, CD86, CD80, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), M1 polarization-associated cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antibody-opsonized platelet phagocytosis significantly increased in THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Quercetin markedly inhibited the expressions of M1 markers, decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and down-regulated the phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) protein, which confirmed the prediction by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Importantly, quercetin significantly reduced the phagocytosis of antibody opsonised platelet. In conclusion, quercetin suppressed platelet phagocytosis in M1 macrophages via its anti-inflammatory effects and may serve as a potential drug for the treatment of ITP. Quercetin could be a key ingredient for JZX against ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yueping Zhan
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Chuanyong Wu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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El-Deeb EM, Elsayed HE, Ateya HB, Taha HS, Elgindi MR, Abouelenein D, Caprioli G, Lai KH, Mustafa AM, Moharram FA. Phenolic profiling and bioactivity assessment of in vitro propagated Psidium cattleianum Sabine: A promising study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29379. [PMID: 38644814 PMCID: PMC11033136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Psidium cattleianum Sabine (strawberry guava) is an evergreen shrub that is grown as a fruiting hedge and has received significant consideration in the food and pharmaceutical disciplines. This study aims to set a promising protocol for in vitro propagation of P. cattleianum, along with profiling the phenolic content of the original plant (OP), induced callus (IC), and regenerated plantlets (RP) extracts, ultimately, evaluating their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer potential. Seeds were treated with commercial bleaching, HCl, and H2O2 to enhance the germination percentage and minimize the contamination percentage. Culturing sterilized leaf explants onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl adenine (BA), 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, and kinetin showed the best callus induction, while supplementation of MS media with BA, adenine sulfate, naphthalene acetic acid, and gibberellic acid activated regeneration. Augmentation of MS media with indol-3-butyric acid recorded the maximum rooting percentage. Finally, the obtained rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized in sand and peat moss soil. HPLC-MS/MS profiles of OP, RP, and IC showed a variety of phenolic metabolites. IC extract decreased the viability of MCF-7, HepG2, and K-562 cancer cell lines. Also, OP exhibits strong antioxidant activity. P. cattleianum and its RP are profound sources of phenolic compounds promoted for promising applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. El-Deeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba E. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa B. Ateya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein S. Taha
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elgindi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abouelenein
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant’ Agostino 1, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant’ Agostino 1, Camerino, Italy
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed M. Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant’ Agostino 1, Camerino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Moharram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elgabry RM, Hassan M, Fawzy GA, Meselhy KM, Mohamed OG, Al-Taweel AM, Sedeek MS. A Comparative Analysis of Polysaccharides and Ethanolic Extracts from Two Egyptian Sweet Potato Cultivars, Abees and A 195: Chemical Characterization and Immunostimulant Activities. Metabolites 2024; 14:222. [PMID: 38668350 PMCID: PMC11051996 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) belongs to family Convolvulaceae. The plant is distributed worldwide and consumed, especially for its edible tubers. Many studies have proved that the plant has variable biological activities such as antidiabetic, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and immunostimulant activities. The roots of sweet potatoes are rich in valuable phytochemical constituents that vary according to the flesh color. Our investigation focused on the chemical profiling of two Egyptian sweet potato cultivars, Abees and A 195, using UPLC-QTOF and the analysis of their polysaccharide fractions by GC-MS. Furthermore, we assessed the immunostimulant properties of these extracts in immunosuppressed mice. The study revealed that sweet potato roots contain significant concentrations of phenolic acids, including caffeoylquinic, caffeic, caffeoyl-feruloyl quinic, and p-coumaric acids, as well as certain flavonoids, such as diosmin, diosmetin, and jaceosidin, and coumarins, such as scopoletin and umbelliferone. Moreover, polysaccharides prepared from both studied cultivars were analyzed using GC-MS. Further biological analysis demonstrated that all the tested extracts possessed immunostimulant properties by elevating the level of WBCs, IL-2, TNF, and IFN-γ in the immunosuppressed mice relative to the control group with the highest values in polysaccharide fractions of A195 (the ethanolic extract showed a higher effect on TNF and IFN-γ, while its polysaccharide fraction exhibited a promising effect on IL-2 and WBCs). In conclusion, the roots of the Egyptian sweet potato cultivars Abees and A 195 demonstrated significant immunostimulant activities, which warrants further investigation through clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M. Elgabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.M.E.); (G.A.F.); (K.M.M.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City 43511, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.M.E.); (G.A.F.); (K.M.M.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Khaled M. Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.M.E.); (G.A.F.); (K.M.M.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.M.E.); (G.A.F.); (K.M.M.); (O.G.M.)
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Areej M. Al-Taweel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed S. Sedeek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.M.E.); (G.A.F.); (K.M.M.); (O.G.M.)
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Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Üstündağ Okur N, Okur ME, Caglar EŞ, Nalbantsoy A, Alsakını KAMH, Karabay Yavasoglu NÜ. Preparation, characterization, and toxicity evaluation of microemulsion formulation containing prunetin for potential oral applications. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:235-242. [PMID: 37990576 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2282373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals as therapeutic alternatives can have a fundamental impact on the various stages of inflammation and its resolution. Prunetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone and has been claimed to have numerous therapeutic potentials. The objective of this study is preparation, characterization, and toxicity evaluation of microemulsion formulation containing prunetin (PMF) for potential oral applications. With this research, it was targeted to emphasize the way of improving the therapeutic efficacy of natural biomolecules with a nontoxic and effective formulation. In the study, the pseudo-ternary phase diagram was developed and PMF was characterized by conductivity, droplet size, viscosity and pH. Effects against to cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and TNF-α levels of the PMF were determined by ELISA technique. Genotoxicity and acute oral toxicity tests were carried out according to OECD guidelines. The results showed that PMF is a colloid system that reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-induced macrophage cells compared to the control group. PMF demonstrated no mutagenic activity against TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 Salmonella strains. The in vivo oral acute toxicity test results indicated that PMF did not show mortality or significant side effects even at 2000 mg/kg bw. This study represents PMF showed a good safety profile in animal study. It is thought that this formulation may have anti-inflammatory potential with further in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Şefik Caglar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zhang Q, Dong S, Yu H, Li Y, Guo X, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Yan S. Effects of Noni ( Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Extract Supplemented in Cashmere Goats with a High-Concentrate Diet on Growth Performance, Ruminal and Colonic Fermentation and SARA. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3275. [PMID: 37893999 PMCID: PMC10603706 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of noni fruit extract (NFE) on growth performance, ruminal and colonic fermentation, nutrient digestion, and subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) of cashmere goats with the high-concentrate diet. Twenty-four cashmere kids (17.9 ± 1.45 kg of BW ± SD) were randomly assigned to three treatments: low-concentrate diet, high-concentrate (HC) diet, or HC diet supplemented with NFE at 1 g per kg DM (0.1%). The results showed that although the HC diet improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate (FCR), it was accompanied by SARA with a decreased pH and an increased lactic acid of both rumen and colon, and decreased digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF)and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The supplementation of 0.10% NFE in the HC diet could not only effectively alleviate SARA symptoms and colon fermentation disorders, such as reversing the decrease of pH and alleviating the increase of lactic acid in rumen and colon, but also mitigate the decline of fiber digestibility caused by long-term feeding in the HC diet, and increase the digestibility of crude protein(CP) and dry matter (DM), which improved the ADG and FCR of cashmere kids. Thus, NFE provides new strategies for alleviating SARA and promoting cashmere goat growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
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Dietary Polysaccharide-Rich Extract from Noni ( Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Modified Ruminal Fermentation, Ruminal Bacterial Community and Nutrient Digestion in Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020221. [PMID: 36670760 PMCID: PMC9854603 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In two consecutive studies, we evaluated the effects of polysaccharide-rich noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit extract (NFP) on ruminal fermentation, ruminal microbes and nutrient digestion in cashmere goats. In Exp. 1, the effects of a diet containing NFP of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.55% on in vitro ruminal fermentation at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h were determined, whereas in Exp. 2, fourteen cashmere goats (46.65 ± 3.36 kg of BW ± SD) were randomly assigned to two treatments: the basal diet with or without (CON) supplementation of NFP at 4 g per kg DM (0.4%). The in vitro results showed that NFP linearly increased concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA), quadratically decreased ammonia-N concentration, and changed pH, protozoa number, gas production and the microbial protein (MCP) concentration, and was more effective at 0.4% addition, which yielded similar results in ruminal fermentation in Exp. 2. In addition, NFP increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein and the abundance of Firmicutes, and reduced the abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria. Ruminococcus_1 was positively associated with VFA concentration. The Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was positively correlated with protozoa and negatively correlated with MCP concentration. Thus, NFP has potential as a ruminal fermentation enhancer for cashmere goats.
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PAN Y, LEE Y, CHUNG JH, KWACK K, ZHAO X, PARK KY. The anti-oxidative capacity of fermented lemon peel and its inhibitory effects on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni PAN
- CHA University, South Korea; Chongqing University of Education, China
| | | | | | | | - Xin ZHAO
- Chongqing University of Education, China; Chongqing University of Education, China
| | - Kun-Young PARK
- Chongqing University of Education, China; CHA University, South Korea
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Ebrahim HY, Mady MS, Atya HB, Ali SA, Elsayed HE, Moharram FA. Melaleuca rugulosa (Link) Craven Tannins: Appraisal of anti-inflammatory, radical scavenging activities, and molecular modeling studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115596. [PMID: 35987414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genus Melaleuca or tea tree species are well known to be an important source of biological active oils and extracts. The biological significance appears in their usage for treatment of several clinical disorder owing to their traditional uses as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of the M. rugulosa polyphenol-rich fraction along with determination of its anti-inflammatory potential, free radical scavenging and antiaging activities supported with virtual understanding of the mode of action using molecular modeling strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of the phenolic rich fraction was investigated through measuring its inhibitory activity against inflammatory mediators viz tumor necrosing factor receptor-2 (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenases 1/2 (COX-1/2) in a cell free and cell-based assays. Moreover, the radical scavenging activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and β-carotene assays, while the antiaging activity in anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase inhibitory assays. Finally, the biological findings were supported with molecular docking study using MOE software. RESULTS The chromatographic purification of the polyphenol-rich fraction of Melaleuca rugulosa (Link) Craven afforded fourteen phytoconstituents (1-14). The anti-inflammatory gauging experiments demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory-linked enzymes COX-1/2 and the TNF-α at low μg/mL levels in the enzyme-based assays. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism was inferred from the quantification of protein levels and gene expression in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages (RAW264.7) in vitro model. The results revealed the reduction of protein synthesis of COX-1/2 and TNF-α with the down regulation of gene expression. The cell free in vitro radical scavenging assessment of the polyphenol-rich fraction revealed a significant DPPH reduction, peroxyl radicals scavenging, and β-carotene peroxidation inhibition. Besides, the polyphenol-rich fraction showed a considerable inhibition of the skin aging-related enzymes as elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase. Ultimately, the computational molecular modelling studies uncovered the potential binding poses and relevant molecular interactions of the identified polyphenols with their targeted enzymes. Particularly, terflavin C (8) which showed a favorable binding pose at the elastase binding pocket, while rosmarinic acid (14) demonstrated the best binding pose at the COX-2 catalytic domain. In short, natural polyphenols are potential candidates for the management of free radicals, inflammation, and skin aging related conditions. CONCLUSION Natural polyphenols are potential candidates for the management of free radicals, inflammation, and skin aging related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Mady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa B Atya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Sahar A Ali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Fatma A Moharram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
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Kim H, Rahmawati L, Hong YH, Choi SY, Cho JY. NK cell-mediated immunostimulatory effects of ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:222. [PMID: 35996139 PMCID: PMC9394078 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a plant that has long been used in various products such as foods and cosmetics. Although noni has been known to have immunostimulatory activity, detailed mechanism at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we focused on understanding as to how noni fruit can positively stimulate body’s immune responses. Methods To do this, an ethanol extract of noni fruit (Mc-fEE) was prepared and administered for 30 days to male C57BL/6 mice for in vivo experiment. NK cell activity and cytokine production level from Mc-fEE-treated mice were analyzed by flowcytometry, real-time PCR, and ELISA. Mc-fEE-triggered molecular events were detected from RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes using Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses. Results The mRNA expression levels of cytokines such as interleukin families, interferon (IFN)-β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased by Mc-fEE treatment in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 subunits these were enhanced in Mc-fEE-treated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, according to in vivo experiments, it was considered that Mc-fEE can increase the population of splenic NK cells and subsequent upregulation of their cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 cells, a T- cell lymphoma. Conclusion In this paper, we could confirm that Mc-fEE has remarkable immunostimulatory effects by activation and increase of the NK cell population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03700-3.
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Salem MA, Aborehab NM, Al-Karmalawy AA, Fernie AR, Alseekh S, Ezzat SM. Potential Valorization of Edible Nuts By-Products: Exploring the Immune-Modulatory and Antioxidants Effects of Selected Nut Shells Extracts in Relation to Their Metabolic Profiles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030462. [PMID: 35326112 PMCID: PMC8944461 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a potent army that defends our body against various infections and diseases through innate and adaptive immunity. Herbal medicine is one of the essential sources for enhancing immunity because of affordability, availability, minor side effects, and consumers’ preferences. Hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and peanuts are among the most widespread edible nuts that are rich in phenolics, fats, fibers, vitamins, proteins, and minerals. The potential of nut shells in phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention as a sustainable solution for waste recycling. Here, we determined the in vitro immune-modulatory activity as well as the metabolite profile of the four nut shell extracts. The addition of the extracts to LPS-stimulated macrophages, especially peanut and walnut shells, has downregulated the gene expression of AP-1, TNF-α, IL-8, iNOS, and COX-2 expression levels. Significant antioxidant capabilities and immune-modulatory effects have been traced for peanut shells. UPLC-MS metabolic profiling of the four nut shell extracts allowed the detection of a relatively high level of phenolic compounds in peanut shells. Intriguingly, a significant correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content was found, indicating the contribution of the phenolic compounds to the antioxidant properties and hence the immune-modulatory activity. Furthermore, molecular docking and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed kaempferol rutinoside and proanthocyanidin A5’ as potential iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr St., Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (S.A.); Tel.: +20-1032927063 (M.A.S.); +49-331-567-8211 (S.A.)
| | - Nora M. Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt;
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (S.A.); Tel.: +20-1032927063 (M.A.S.); +49-331-567-8211 (S.A.)
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
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Negm WA, El-Kadem AH, Elekhnawy E, Attallah NGM, Al-Hamoud GA, El-Masry TA, Zayed A. Wound-Healing Potential of Rhoifolin-Rich Fraction Isolated from Sanguisorba officinalis Roots Supported by Enhancing Re-Epithelization, Angiogenesis, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020178. [PMID: 35215291 PMCID: PMC8874642 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A wound is a complicated bioprocess resulting in significant tissue damage, which is worsened by a secondary bacterial infection, commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The goal of our study was to investigate the metabolic profile and possible wound-healing effect of Sanguisorba officinalis roots rhoifolin rich fraction (RRF). The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of S. officinalis roots crude ethanol extract resulted in a tentative identification of 56 bioactive metabolites, while a major flavonoid fraction was isolated by column chromatography and identified by thin-layer chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (TLC-ESI/MS), where rhoifolin was the major component representing 94.5% of its content. The antibiofilm activity of RRF on the mono-species and dual-species biofilm of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was investigated. RRF exhibited inhibitory activity on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus mono-species biofilm at 2× minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 4× MIC values. It also significantly inhibited the dual-species biofilm at 4× MIC values. Moreover, the wound-healing characteristics of RRF gel formulation were investigated. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups (eight rats in each): Untreated control; Blank gel; Betadine cream, and RRF gel groups. Animals were anesthetized, and full-thickness excisional skin wounds were created on the shaved area in the dorsal skin. The gels were topically applied to the wound’s surface daily for 10 days. The results demonstrated that RRF had a promising wound-healing effect by up-regulating the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and fibronectin, while metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were suppressed. It also enhanced the immune staining of transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and improved histopathological findings. Furthermore, it displayed an immunomodulatory action on lipopolysaccharide-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hence, the wound-healing effect of rhoifolin was confirmed by supporting re-epithelization, angiogenesis, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Aya H. El-Kadem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (A.H.E.-K.); (T.A.E.-M.)
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Nashwah G. M. Attallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.G.M.A.); (A.Z.)
| | | | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (A.H.E.-K.); (T.A.E.-M.)
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Correspondence: (N.G.M.A.); (A.Z.)
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Sweet Bee Venom Triggers Multiple Cell Death Pathways or Spurs Acute Cell Rupture According to Its Concentration in THP-1 Monocytic Leukemia Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020223. [PMID: 35205267 PMCID: PMC8872029 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet bee venom (sBV) contains various pharmacologically active components of bee venom (BV), but it is modified via the removal of the harmful substances found in BV. Thus, sBV has been used for pain relief in Oriental medicine but has only recently been applied for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we examined the pharmacological effects and immunomodulatory functions of sBV in THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells. Growth inhibition and cell death were observed according to the concentration of sBV. However, the rapid collapse of cell cycle distribution was shown at 20 μg/mL sBV treatment, indicating that sBV led to cell death or acute cell rupture according to concentration. sBV administration activated Caspase-9, PARP1, RIPK1, and RIPK3, suggesting that the pharmacological actions of sBV were associated with induction of apoptosis and necroptosis. On the other hand, sBV or LPS administration increased cytokine expression, including IL-1β, and showed synergistic cell death in combinatory treatment conditions. Moreover, combinatory administration of sBV and LPS induced severe damage or death during egg development. This result implies that sBV exhibits both pharmacological and toxic effects depending on its concentration. Therefore, sBV might be a promising therapeutic approach, but optimal concentration should be considered before treatment.
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Alotaibi B, Mokhtar FA, El-Masry TA, Elekhnawy E, Mostafa SA, Abdelkader DH, Elharty ME, Saleh A, Negm WA. Antimicrobial Activity of Brassica rapa L. Flowers Extract on Gastrointestinal Tract Infections and Antiulcer Potential Against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Supported by Metabolomics Profiling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:7411-7430. [PMID: 35002276 PMCID: PMC8721290 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s345780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is vulnerable to various diseases. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effects of Brassica rapa flower extract (BRFE) on GIT diseases. METHODS Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used for phytochemical identification of the compounds in BRFE. The antibacterial activity of BRFE was investigated, and its impact on the bacterial outer and inner membrane permeability and membrane depolarization (using flow cytometry) was studied. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity of BRFE was investigated in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of BRFE was investigated by histopathological examination and qRT-PCR on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION LC-ESI-MS/MS phytochemically identified 57 compounds in BRFE for the first time. BRFE displayed antibacterial activity against bacteria that cause GIT infections, with increasing outer and inner membrane permeability. However, membrane depolarization was unaffected. BRFE also exhibited immunomodulatory activity in LPS-stimulated PBMCs by attenuating the upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene expression compared with untreated LPS-stimulated PBMCs. In addition, BRFE exhibited anti-inflammatory activity required for maintaining gastric mucosa homeostasis by decreasing neutrophil infiltration with subsequent myeloperoxidase production, in addition to an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Histopathological findings presented the gastroprotective effects of BRFE, as a relatively normal stomach mucosa was found in treated rats. In addition, BRFE modulated the expression of genes encoding IL-10, NF-κB, GPx, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). CONCLUSION BRFE can be a promising source of therapeutic agents for treatment of GIT diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, ALsalam University, Al Gharbiyah, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Sally A Mostafa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
| | - Dalia H Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elharty
- Study Master in Pharmaceutical Science at the Institute of Research and Environmental Studies, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
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Promising Antiviral Activity of Agrimonia pilosa Phytochemicals against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Supported with In Vivo Mice Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121313. [PMID: 34959713 PMCID: PMC8709118 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has focused the entire world’s attention toward searching for a potential remedy for this disease. Thus, we investigated the antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa ethanol extract (APEE) against SARS-CoV-2 and it exhibited a potent antiviral activity with IC50 of 1.1 ± 0.03 µg/mL. Its mechanism of action was elucidated, and it exhibited a virucidal activity and an inhibition of viral adsorption. Moreover, it presented an immunomodulatory activity as it decreased the upregulation of gene expression of COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical fingerprint of APEE was conducted using LC-ESI-MS/MS technique for the first time. We detected 81 compounds and most of them belong to the flavonoid and coumarin classes. Interestingly, isoflavonoids, procyanidins, and anthocyanins were detected for the first time in A. pilosa. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evidenced in DPPH (IC50 62.80 µg/mL) and ABTS (201.49 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/mg) radical scavenging, FRAP (60.84 mg TE/mg), and ORAC (306.54 mg TE/g) assays. Furthermore, the protective effect of APEE was investigated in Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Lung W/D ratio, serum IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, HO-1, Caspase-1, caspase-3, TLR-4 expression, TAC, NO, MPO activity, and histopathological examination of lung tissues were assessed. APEE induced a marked downregulation in all inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis markers, and TLR-4 expression. In addition, it alleviated all histopathological abnormalities confirming the beneficial effects of APEE in ALI. Therefore, APEE could be a potential source for therapeutic compounds that could be investigated, in future preclinical and clinical trials, in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Antibacterial, Immunomodulatory, and Lung Protective Effects of Boswelliadalzielii Oleoresin Ethanol Extract in Pulmonary Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121444. [PMID: 34943656 PMCID: PMC8698344 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and pneumonia are causing many global health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has directed the scientific community's attention toward performing more research to explore novel therapeutic drugs for pulmonary diseases. Herein, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry tentatively identified 44 compounds in frankincense ethanol extract (FEE). We investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of FEE against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, isolated from patients with respiratory infections. In addition, its in vitro immunomodulatory activity was explored by the detection of the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In addition, its anticancer activity against the A549 lung cancer cell line and human skin fibroblast (HSF) normal cell line was studied. Moreover, the in vivo lung protective potential of FEE was explored histologically and immunohistochemically in mice using a benzo(a)pyrene induced lung damage model. FEE exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activities besides the significant inhibition of gene expression of TNFα, IL-6, and NF-κB. FEE also exerted a cytotoxic effect against A549 cell line. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations with morphometric analysis of the mean area percentage and color intensity of positive TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-κB and Bcl-2 reactions revealed the lung protective activity of FEE. This study outlined the promising therapeutic activity of oleoresin obtained from B. dalzielii in the treatment of different pulmonary diseases.
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16
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Albash R, M Abdellatif M, Hassan M, M Badawi N. Tailoring Terpesomes and Leciplex for the Effective Ocular Conveyance of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride (Comparative Assessment): In-vitro, Ex-vivo, and In-vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5247-5263. [PMID: 34376978 PMCID: PMC8349216 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s316326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the ability of both terpesomes (TPs) and leciplex (LPs) loaded moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX) for enhancing ocular drug conveyance. Methods Two separate 21.31 full-factorial trials were established to determine the influence of multiple variables upon nanovesicles properties and select the optimized formulae using Design Expert® software. The thin-film hydration method was used to formulate TPs, while the single-step procedure was used for LPs. All formulae were characterized for their entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), particle size distribution (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). Then, the optimized formulae were selected, evaluated, and compared for additional assessments. Results The optimized formulae TP4 and LP1 showed EE% of 84.14±0.21 and 78.47±0.17%, PS of 578.65±5.65 and 102.41±3.39 nm, PDI of 0.56±0.04 and 0.28±0.01, ZP of -12.50±0.30 and 32.50±0.50 mV, respectively. Further, LP1 showed enhanced corneal permeation across cow cornea compared to MOX solution and TP4. Besides, confocal laser scanning microscopy assessment viewed valuable infiltration from the fluoro-labeled LP through corneal layers compared to TP. LP1 showed spherical morphology and, its ability to adhere to mucus membranes was justified. Further, LP1 showed superiority over MOX solution in biofilm inhibition and eradication in addition to the treatment of infected mice with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus without any inflammatory response. Finally, the histopathological study verified the harmlessness and biocompatibility of the assembled LPs. Conclusion The gained outcomes confirmed the capability of utilizing LPs as a successful nanovesicle for the ocular conveyance of MOX over TPs and MOX solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofida Albash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Menna M Abdellatif
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Noha M Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Ismail MM, Hassan M, Moawad SS, Okba MM, Ashour RM, Fayek NM, Saber FR. Exploring the Antivirulence Activity of Pulverulentone A, a Phloroglucinol-Derivative from Callistemon citrinus Leaf Extract, against Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080907. [PMID: 34438957 PMCID: PMC8388764 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global life-threatening issue. Antivirulence therapy is a promising approach to combat bacterial infections as it disarms the bacteria from their virulence factors with reduced selective pressure and a lower chance of resistance. (2) Methods: Callistemon citrinus leaf extract and its major constituent, Pulverulentone A, were tested for their ability to inhibit biofilm, exopolysaccharides, pyocyanin and proteases produced by MDR P. aeruginosa. In addition, a Galleria mellonella larvae model was employed to evaluate the in vivo cytotoxicity of Pulverulentone A and its ability to combat Pseudomonas infection. Docking study was further performed to investigate Pulverulentone A druggability against main quorum sensing (QS) targets expressed by P. aeruginosa; (3) Results: Both C. citrinus extract and the isolated compound could inhibit biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and pigment production by the tested isolates. Unexpectedly, no significant inhibition was observed on proteases production. The in silico docking analysis revealed good interactions of Pulverulentone A with all QS targets examined (LasR, MyfR/PqsR, QscR). Pulverulentone A was safe up to 400 µg·mL−1 in Galleria caterpillars. Moreover, pre-treatment of P. aeruginosa with Pulverulentone A slightly enhanced the survival of the infected larvae. (4) Conclusions: The present study proves Pulverulentone A safety with significant in vitro and in silico antivirulence potential against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Ismail
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.M.I.); (F.R.S.); Tel./Fax: +20-3628426 (ext. 00202) (M.M.I.); Tel.: +20-1004405983 (F.R.S.)
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Sawsan S. Moawad
- Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Center (NRC), Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mona M. Okba
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.O.); (R.M.A.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Rehab M. Ashour
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.O.); (R.M.A.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Nesrin M. Fayek
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.O.); (R.M.A.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Fatema R. Saber
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.O.); (R.M.A.); (N.M.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.I.); (F.R.S.); Tel./Fax: +20-3628426 (ext. 00202) (M.M.I.); Tel.: +20-1004405983 (F.R.S.)
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18
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El-Shiekh RA, Hassan M, Hashem RA, Abdel-Sattar E. Bioguided Isolation of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Pregnane Glycosides from Caralluma quadrangula: Disarming Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070811. [PMID: 34356732 PMCID: PMC8300726 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) present a serious challenge because of their capability to cause biofilm resistance to commonly used antibiotics producing chronic infections and hindering the process of wound healing. In the current study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of Caralluma quadrangula extracts (MeOH, and its fractions CH2Cl2 and n-butanol) against multidrug-resistant MRSA USA300 and A. baumannii AB5057. In vitro, the MeOH extract and both fractions of C. quadrangula significantly inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted previously established biofilm by MRSA and MDRAB at all the tested concentrations (0.625, 0.313, and 0.156 mg/mL). In vivo, C. quadrangula extracts successfully decreased bacterial loads in MRSA-infected skin lesions in mice. Four pregnane glycosides and one flavone glycoside were isolated from the bioactive n-butanol fraction. The isolated compounds (Rus A–E) were tested for their biofilm inhibition and biofilm detachment activities. The results revealed that Rus C was the most active compound (IC50 = 0.139 mmole), while Rus E was the least active (IC50 = 0.818 mmole). These results support the potential use of C. quadrangula extracts or their isolated compounds for hindering the biofilm attachment and the virulence of MRSA and MDRAB and their application as a topical antimicrobial preparation for MRSA skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.A.-S.); Tel.: +20-(122)-337-6326 (M.H.); +20-(106)-584-7211 (E.A.-S.)
| | - Rasha A. Hashem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.A.-S.); Tel.: +20-(122)-337-6326 (M.H.); +20-(106)-584-7211 (E.A.-S.)
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