1
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Vesel A, Zaplotnik R, Primc G, Mozetič M. Kinetics of Surface Wettability of Aromatic Polymers (PET, PS, PEEK, and PPS) upon Treatment with Neutral Oxygen Atoms from Non-Equilibrium Oxygen Plasma. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1381. [PMID: 38794574 PMCID: PMC11125687 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The wettability of polymers is usually inadequate to ensure the appropriate spreading of polar liquids and thus enable the required adhesion of coatings. A standard ecologically benign method for increasing the polymer wettability is a brief treatment with a non-equilibrium plasma rich in reactive oxygen species and predominantly neutral oxygen atoms in the ground electronic state. The evolution of the surface wettability of selected aromatic polymers was investigated by water droplet contact angles deposited immediately after exposing polymer samples to fluxes of oxygen atoms between 3 × 1020 and 1 × 1023 m-2s-1. The treatment time varied between 0.01 and 1000 s. The wettability evolution versus the O-atom fluence for all aromatic polymers followed similar behavior regardless of the flux of O atoms or the type of polymer. In the range of fluences between approximately 5 × 1020 and 5 × 1023 m-2, the water contact angle decreased exponentially with increasing fluence and dropped to 1/e of the initial value after receiving the fluence close to 5 × 1022 m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miran Mozetič
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Surface Engineering, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Primc G, Mozetič M. Surface Modification of Polymers by Plasma Treatment for Appropriate Adhesion of Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1494. [PMID: 38612009 PMCID: PMC11012850 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, recent advances in tailoring the surface properties of polymers for the optimization of the adhesion of various coatings by non-equilibrium gaseous plasma are reviewed, and important findings are stressed. Different authors have used various experimental setups and reported results that scatter significantly and are sometimes contradictory. The correlations between the processing parameters and the adhesion are drawn, and discrepancies are explained. Many authors have explained improved adhesion with the adjustment of the surface free energy or wettability of the polymer substrate and the surface tension of liquids used for the deposition of thin films. The adhesion force between the polymer substrate and the coating does not always follow the evolution of the surface wettability, which is explained by several effects, including the aging effects due to the hydrophobic recovery and the formation of an interlayer rich in loosely bonded low molecular weight fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miran Mozetič
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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3
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Xu Z, Zhai X, Bai X. Amplifiers of environmental risk of microplastics in sewage sludge: Thermal drying treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167029. [PMID: 37704158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge was already identified as an important source of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Therefore, investigating the effects of sludge treatment processes on sludge-based MPs is essential for understanding the environmental risks and controlling their release. This study investigated the occurrence characteristics and elucidated the fragmentation mechanism of sludge-based MPs before and after the thermal drying treatment of sludge. The results showed that this treatment increased the abundance of sludge-based MPs by about 10-fold, with enhanced fragmentation and fracture parameters, and increased the abundance of <100 μm MPs to >60 %. Remarkably, both polypropylene-microplastics (PP-MPs) and polyethylene terephthalate-microplastics (PET-MPs) did not show significant chemical aging. The structural analysis showed that the molecular chain disorientation and secondary crystallization of PP-MPs and PET-MPs occurred. These transformations caused the contraction of the polymer molecular chains and the generation of micro-mechanical stresses, leading to the formation of warpage structures and stress cracking on the MPs' surface. These phenomena also contributed to the further fragmentation of the MPs and the development of finer MPs particles. The findings of the present investigations emphasize that the thermal drying of sewage sludge amplifies the environmental risk of sludge-based MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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4
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Roy A, Patil D, Yarlagadda PKDV, Chatterjee K. Cooperative stiffening of flexible high aspect ratio nanostructures impart mechanobactericidal activity to soft substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:2127-2138. [PMID: 37703682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how bacteria interact with surfaces with micrometer and/or sub-micrometer roughness is critical for developing antibiofouling and bactericidal topographies. A primary research focus in this field has been replicating and emulating bioinspired nanostructures on various substrates to investigate their mechanobactericidal potential. Yet, reports on polymer substrates, especially with very high aspect ratios, have been rare, despite their widespread use in our daily lives. Specifically, the role of a decrease in stiffness with an increase in the aspect ratio of nanostructures may be consequential for the mechanobactericidal mechanism, which is biophysical in nature. Therefore, this work reports on generating bioinspired high aspect ratio nanostructures on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces to study and elucidate their antibacterial and antibiofouling properties. Biomimetic nanotopographies with variable aspect ratios were generated via maskless dry etching of PET in oxygen plasma. It was found that both high and low-aspect ratio structures effectively neutralized Gram-negative bacterial contamination by imparting damage to their membranes but were unable to inactivate Gram-positive cells. Notably, the clustering of the soft, flexible tall nanopillars resulted in cooperative stiffening, as revealed by the nanomechanical behavior of the nanostructures and validated with the help of finite element simulations. Moreover, external capillary forces augmented the killing efficiency by enhancing the strain on the bacterial cell wall. Finally, experimental and computational investigation of the durability of the nanostructured surfaces showed that the structures were robust enough to withstand forces encountered in daily life. Our results demonstrate the potential of the single-step dry etching method for the fabrication of mechanobactericidal topographies and their potential in a wide variety of applications to minimize bacterial colonization of soft substrates like polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindo Roy
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Deepak Patil
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India
| | | | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru 560012, India.
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5
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Chytrosz-Wrobel P, Golda-Cepa M, Drozdz K, Rysz J, Kubisiak P, Kulig W, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Cwiklik L, Kotarba A. In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Functionalized Polyurethane Surfaces toward Understanding Biologically Relevant Interactions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6112-6122. [PMID: 37909715 PMCID: PMC10646850 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The solid-aqueous boundary formed upon biomaterial implantation provides a playground for most biochemical reactions and physiological processes involved in implant-host interactions. Therefore, for biomaterial development, optimization, and application, it is essential to understand the biomaterial-water interface in depth. In this study, oxygen plasma-functionalized polyurethane surfaces that can be successfully utilized in contact with the tissue of the respiratory system were prepared and investigated. Through experiments, the influence of plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties of polyurethane was investigated by atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and contact angle measurements, supplemented with biological tests using the A549 cell line and two bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The molecular interpretation of the experimental findings was achieved by molecular dynamics simulations employing newly developed, fully atomistic models of unmodified and plasma-functionalized polyurethane materials to characterize the polyurethane-water interfaces at the nanoscale in detail. The experimentally obtained polar and dispersive surface free energies were consistent with the calculated free energies, verifying the adequacy of the developed models. A 20% substitution of the polymeric chain termini by their oxidized variants was observed in the experimentally obtained plasma-modified polyurethane surface, indicating the surface saturation with oxygen-containing functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chytrosz-Wrobel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Golda-Cepa
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drozdz
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Faculty
of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubisiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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6
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Dufour T. From Basics to Frontiers: A Comprehensive Review of Plasma-Modified and Plasma-Synthesized Polymer Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3607. [PMID: 37688233 PMCID: PMC10490058 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review begins by tracing the historical development and progress of cold plasma technology as an innovative approach to polymer engineering. The study emphasizes the versatility of cold plasma derived from a variety of sources including low-pressure glow discharges (e.g., radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasmas) and atmospheric pressure plasmas (e.g., dielectric barrier devices, piezoelectric plasmas). It critically examines key operational parameters such as reduced electric field, pressure, discharge type, gas type and flow rate, substrate temperature, gap, and how these variables affect the properties of the synthesized or modified polymers. This review also discusses the application of cold plasma in polymer surface modification, underscoring how changes in surface properties (e.g., wettability, adhesion, biocompatibility) can be achieved by controlling various surface processes (etching, roughening, crosslinking, functionalization, crystallinity). A detailed examination of Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) reveals its efficacy in producing thin polymeric films from an array of precursors. Yasuda's models, Rapid Step-Growth Polymerization (RSGP) and Competitive Ablation Polymerization (CAP), are explained as fundamental mechanisms underpinning plasma-assisted deposition and polymerization processes. Then, the wide array of applications of cold plasma technology is explored, from the biomedical field, where it is used in creating smart drug delivery systems and biodegradable polymer implants, to its role in enhancing the performance of membrane-based filtration systems crucial for water purification, gas separation, and energy production. It investigates the potential for improving the properties of bioplastics and the exciting prospects for developing self-healing materials using this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Dufour
- LPP (UMR 7648), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Polytech. X, 4 Place Jussieu, B. C. 90, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Chen MJ, Pappas GA, Massella D, Schlothauer A, Motta SE, Falk V, Cesarovic N, Ermanni P. Tailoring crystallinity for hemocompatible and durable PEEK cardiovascular implants. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213288. [PMID: 36731379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have the potential to replace metallic or bioprosthetic heart valve components due to superior durability and inertness while allowing for native tissue-like flexibility. Despite these appealing properties, certain polymers such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) have issues with hemocompatibility, which have previously been addressed through assorted complex processes. In this paper, we explore the enhancement of PEEK hemocompatibility with polymer crystallinity. Amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline PEEK are investigated in addition to a highly crystalline carbon fiber (CF)/PEEK composite material (CFPEEK). The functional group density of the PEEK samples is determined, showing that higher crystallinity results in increased amount of surface carbonyl functional groups. The increase of crystallinity (and negatively charged groups) appears to cause significant reductions in platelet adhesion (33 vs. 1.5 % surface coverage), hemolysis (1.55 vs. 0.75 %∙cm-2), and thrombin generation rate (4840 vs. 1585 mU/mL/min/cm2). In combination with the hemocompatibility study, mechanical characterization demonstrates that tailoring crystallinity is a simple and effective method to control both hemocompatibility and mechanical performance of PEEK. Furthermore, the results display that CFPEEK composite performed very well in all categories due to its enhanced crystallinity and complete carbon encapsulation, allowing the unique properties of CFPEEK to empower new concepts in cardiovascular device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jialu Chen
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Georgios A Pappas
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Massella
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Schlothauer
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany; Klinik für Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Ermanni
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Incorporating Organic-modified Nano SiO2 for the Comprehensive Improvement of Recycled PET. CHINESE JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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9
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Xu Z, Bai X, Li Y, Weng Y, Li F. New insights into the decrease in Cd 2+ bioavailability in sediments by microplastics: Role of geochemical properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130103. [PMID: 36303335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are considered to influence the bioavailability of heavy metals through direct adsorption, but this neglects the distribution of heavy metal chemical speciation indirectly influenced by MPs by altering geochemical properties. The present study aims to explore the link between the fractionation distribution of cadmium (Cd2+) and changes in geochemical properties in sediments induced by polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs). The PET-MPs reduced the acid-soluble fraction of Cd2+ in sediments and increased its organically bound fraction. In addition, the concentration of bioavailable Cd2+ in the sediment decreased by 4.09-25.96 % with increasing PET-MPs doses and aging. Whereas the thermal aging of PET-MPs led to a decrease in the molar ratio of oxygen-containing functional groups and the BET surface area, which is not favorable for improving the adsorption capacity of PET-MPs. On the other hand, the correlation analysis demonstrated the key role of PET-MPs in increasing the content of sediment organic matter and its humification level, which indirectly led to a decrease in Cd2+ bioavailability. The microbial analysis demonstrated that PET-MPs increase the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, hexokinase, and 6-phosphofructose kinase in sediments, thereby increasing the humification level of sediment organic matter. The present study provides a new perspective for understanding the environmental risks of MPs-altered heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yujian Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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10
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Xing L, Xia T, Zhang Q. Effect of Hydrophobic Nano-SiO 2 Particle Concentration on Wetting Properties of Superhydrophobic Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3370. [PMID: 36234496 PMCID: PMC9565234 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a unique surface wettability, superhydrophobicity has great application value. A variety of preparation methods for superhydrophobic surfaces have been reported, which have the disadvantages of high cost and complicated process. In order to design a method that is easy to operate, low-cost, and suitable for large-scale preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces, in this paper, hydrophobic nano-SiO2 particles are used as spray fillers, and superhydrophobic surfaces are successfully obtained by the spraying process. According to the classical Cassie and Wenzel theory, the influence of the concentration change of hydrophobic nano-SiO2 particles on their wettability is explained, and the appropriate spray concentration parameters are obtained. The results show that the proportion of hydrophobic nano-SiO2 particles is lower than 0.05 g/mL, which will lead to insufficient microstructure on the surface of the coating, and cannot support the droplets to form the air bottom layer. However, an excessively high proportion of hydrophobic nano-SiO2 particles will reduce the connection effect of the silicone resin and affect the durability of the surface. Through theoretical analysis, there are Wenzel state, tiled Cassie state, and stacked Cassie state in the spraying process. When the substrate surface enters the Cassie state, the lower limit of the contact angle is 149°. This study has far-reaching implications for advancing the practical application of superhydrophobic surfaces.
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11
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Primc G, Mozetič M. Hydrophobic Recovery of Plasma-Hydrophilized Polyethylene Terephthalate Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122496. [PMID: 35746070 PMCID: PMC9227887 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen plasma is widely used for enhancing the wettability of numerous polymers, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The treatment with plasma containing oxygen will cause surface functionalization with polar functional groups, which will, in turn, improve the wettability. However, the exact mechanisms leading to the hydrophilic or even super-hydrophilic surface finish are still insufficiently explored. The wettability obtained by plasma treatment is not permanent, since the hydrophobic recovery is usually reported. The mechanisms of hydrophobic recovery are reviewed and explained. Methods for suppressing this effect are disclosed and explained. The recommended treatment which assures stable hydrophilicity of PET samples is the treatment with energetic ions and/or vacuum ultraviolet radiation (VUV). The influence of various plasma species on the formation of the highly hydrophilic surface finish and stability of adequate wettability of PET materials is discussed.
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12
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Cho Y, Kim S, Park CH. Surface Wettability Prediction Using Image Analysis and an Artificial Neural Network. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7208-7217. [PMID: 35658434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a wettability-predicting method that uses an artificial neural network (ANN) by learning from digital images of the actual surface structures was developed. Polyester film surfaces were treated with oxygen plasma to realize various nanostructured surfaces. Surface structural characteristics from SEM images were quantified in a multifaceted way using a box-counting algorithm, a gray-level co-occurrence matrix algorithm, and binary image analysis. An ANN model that can predict wettability from surface structures was developed using the quantified surface structure and the resulting wettability as learning data. Furthermore, a surface with an optimal nanostructure to achieve superhydrophobicity was suggested by considering extracted surface structural parameters that significantly affect the surface wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Cho
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hee Park
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
In this work, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most widely consumed polymers, has been used as starting material for the development of non-stick surfaces through a fast, simple and scalable method based on solvent-induced crystallization to generate roughness, followed by a fluorination step. Several solvents were tested, among which dichloromethane was chosen because it gives rise to the formation of a particulate layer with rough topography. This particulate layer was covered by a polymer thin and smooth skin that must be removed to leave the rough layer as surface. The skin has been successfully removed by two strategies based on mechanical and chemical removal, each strategy producing different surface properties. A final treatment with a diluted solution of a fluorinated silane showed that it is possible to obtain PET surfaces with a water contact angle higher than 150° and low water adhesion. The reason behind this behavior is the development of a hierarchical rough profile during the induced polymer crystallization process. These surfaces were characterized by XRD, FTIR and DSC to monitor solvent induced crystallization. Topography was studied by SEM and optical profilometry. Wetting behavior was studied by measuring the contact angles and hysteresis.
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14
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Oh JH, Park CH. The Effect of Fiber Type and Yarn Diameter on Superhydrophobicity, Self-Cleaning Property, and Water Spray Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:817. [PMID: 33800087 PMCID: PMC7962189 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we proved that micro/micro hierarchical structures are enough to achieve a superhydrophobic surface using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dip-coating. Furthermore, the effect of fiber type and yarn diameter on superhydrophobicity and water spray resistance was investigated. Polyester fabrics with two types of fibers (staple fabric and filament) and three types of yarn diameters (177D, 314D, and 475D) were used. The changes in the surface properties and chemical composition were investigated. Static contact angles and shedding angles were measured for superhydrophobicity, and the self-cleaning test was conducted. Water spray repellency was also tested, as well as the water vapor transmission rate and air permeability. The PDMS-coated staple fabric showed better superhydrophobicity and oleophobicity than the PDMS-coated filament fabric, while the filament fabric showed good self-cleaning property and higher water spray repellency level. When the yarn diameter increased, the fabrics needed higher PDMS concentrations and longer coating durations for uniform coating. The water vapor transmission rate and air permeability did not change significantly after coating. Therefore, the superhydrophobic micro/micro hierarchical fabrics produced using the simple method of this study are more practical and have great potential for mass production than other superhydrophobic textiles prepared using the chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Oh
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chung Hee Park
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
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15
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Kim S, Oh JH, Park CH. Development of Energy-Efficient Superhydrophobic Polypropylene Fabric by Oxygen Plasma Etching and Thermal Aging. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2756. [PMID: 33238417 PMCID: PMC7700148 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study developed a human-friendly energy-efficient superhydrophobic polypropylene (PP) fabric by oxygen plasma etching and short-term thermal aging without additional chemicals. The effect of the microroughness on the superhydrophobicity was examined by adjusting the weave density. After the PP fabric was treated with oxygen plasma etching for 15 min and thermal aging at 120 °C for 1 h (E15H120 1 h), the static contact and shedding angles were 162.7° ± 2.4° and 5.2° ± 0.7° and the energy consumption was 136.4 ± 7.0 Wh. Oxygen plasma etching for 15 min and thermal aging at 120 °C for 24 h (E15H120 24 h) resulted in a static contact and shedding angle of 180.0° ± 0.0° and 1.8° ± 0.2° and energy consumption of 3628.5 ± 82.6 Wh. E15H120 1 h showed a lower shedding angle but had a higher sliding angle of 90°. E15H120 24 h exhibited shedding and sliding angles of less than 10°. Regardless of the thermal aging time, superhydrophobicity was higher in high-density fabrics than in low-density fabrics. The superhydrophobic PP fabric had a similar water vapor transmission rate and air permeability with the untreated PP fabric, and it showed a self-heading property after washing followed by tumble drying and hot pressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Kim
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-H.O.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Oh
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-H.O.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chung Hee Park
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-H.O.)
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