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Oduro-Kwateng E, Soliman MES. Unveiling therapeutic frontiers: DON/DRP-104 as innovative Plasma kallikrein inhibitors against carcinoma-associated hereditary angioedema shocks - a comprehensive molecular dynamics exploration. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01266-0. [PMID: 38869687 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Human plasma kallikrein (PKa) is a member of the serine protease family and serves as a key mediator of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), which is known for its regulatory roles in inflammation, vasodilation, blood pressure, and coagulation. Genetic dysregulation of KKS leads to Hereditary Angioedema (HAE), which is characterized by spontaneous, painful swelling in various body regions. Importantly, HAE frequently coexists with various cancers. Despite substantial efforts towards the development of PKa inhibitors for HAE, there remains a need for bifunctional agents addressing both anti-cancer and anti-HAE aspects, especially against carcinoma-associated comorbid HAE conditions. Consequently, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the anti-glutamine prodrug, isopropyl(S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propanamido)-6-diazo-5-oxo-hexanoate (DRP-104), and its active form, 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), recognized for their anti-cancer properties, as novel PKa inhibitors. Utilizing structure-based in silico methods, we conducted a comparative analysis with berotralstat, a clinically approved HAE prophylactic, and sebetralstat, an investigational HAE therapeutic agent, in Phase 3 clinical trials. Inhibiting PKa with DON resulted in relatively heightened structural stability, rigidity, restricted protein folding, and solvent-accessible loop exposure, contributing to increased intra-atomic hydrogen bond formation. Conversely, PKa inhibition with DRP-104 induced restricted residue flexibility and significantly disrupted the critical SER195-HIS57 arrangement in the catalytic triad. Both DON and DRP-104, along with the reference drugs, induced strong cooperative intra-residue motion and bidirectional displacement in the PKa architecture. The results revealed favorable binding kinetics of DON/DRP-104, showing thermodynamic profiles that were either superior or comparable to those of the reference drugs. These findings support their consideration for clinical investigations into the management of carcinoma-associated HAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Oduro-Kwateng
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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2
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Oduro-Kwateng E, Soliman ME. DON/DRP-104 as potent serine protease inhibitors implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Comparative binding modes with human TMPRSS2 and novel therapeutic approach. J Cell Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38284235 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Human transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is an important member of the type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family with significant therapeutic markings. The search for potent TMPRSS2 inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with favorable tissue specificity and off-site toxicity profiles remains limited. Therefore, probing the anti-TMPRSS2 potential of enhanced drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnology and prodrug systems, has become compelling. We report the first in silico study of TMPRSS2 against a prodrug, [isopropyl(S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propanamido)-6-diazo-5-oxo-hexanoate] also known as DRP-104 synthesized from 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON). We performed comparative studies on DON and DRP-104 against a clinically potent TMPRSS2 inhibitor, nafamostat, and a standard serine protease inhibitor, 4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF) against TMPRSS2 and found improved TMPRSS2 inhibition through synergistic binding of the S1/S1' subdomains. Both DON and DRP-104 had better thermodynamic profiles than AEBSF and nafamostat. DON was found to confer structural stability with strong positive correlated inter-residue motions, whereas DRP-104 was found to confer kinetic stability with restricted residue displacements and reduced loop flexibility. Interestingly, the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich (SRCR) domain of TMPRSS2 may be involved in its inhibition mechanics. Two previously unidentified loops, designated X (270-275) and Y (293-296) underwent minimal and major structural transitions, respectively. In addition, residues 273-277 consistently transitioned to a turn conformation in all ligated systems, whereas unique transitions were identified for other transitioning residue groups in each TMPRSS2-inhibitor complex. Intriguingly, while both DON and DRP-104 showed similar loop transition patterns, DRP-104 preserved loop structural integrity. As evident from our systematic comparative study using experimentally/clinically validated inhibitors, DRP-104 may serve as a potent and novel TMPRSS2 inhibitor and warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Oduro-Kwateng
- School of Health Sciences, Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- School of Health Sciences, Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Adewumi AT, Mosebi S. Characteristic Binding Landscape of Estrogen Receptor-α36 Protein Enhances Promising Cancer Drug Design. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1798. [PMID: 38136668 PMCID: PMC10741999 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common cancer among women worldwide, and estrogen receptor-α expression is a critical diagnostic factor for BC. Estrogen receptor (ER-α36) is a dominant-negative effector of ER-α66-mediated estrogen-responsive gene pathways. ER-α36 is a novel target that mediates the non-genomic estrogen signaling pathway. However, the crystallized structure of ER-α36 remains unavailable for molecular studies. ER-positive and triple-negative BC tumors aggressively resist the FDA-approved drugs; therefore, highly potent structure-based inhibitors with preeminent benefits over toxicity will preferably replace the current BC treatment. Broussoflanol B (BFB), a B. papyrifera bark compound, exhibits potent growth inhibitory activity in ER-negative BC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. For the first time, we unravel the comparative dynamic events of the enzymes' structures and the binding mechanisms of BFB when bound to the ER-α36 and ER-α66 ligand-binding domain using an all-atom molecular dynamics simulations approach and MM/PBSA-binding-free energy calculations. The dynamic findings have revealed that ER-α36 and ER-α66 LBD undergo timescale "coiling", opening and closing conformations favoring the high-affinity BFB-bound ER-α36 (ΔG = -52.57 kcal/mol) compared to the BFB-bound ER-α66 (ΔG = -42.41 kcal/mol). Moreover, the unbound (1.260 Å) and bound ER-α36 (1.182 Å) exhibit the highest flexibilities and atomistic motions relative to the ER-α66 systems. The RMSF (Å) of the unbound ER-α36 and ER-α66 exhibit lesser stabilities than the BFB-bound systems, resulting in higher structural flexibilities and atomistic motions than the bound variants. These findings present a model that describes the mechanisms by which the BFB compound induces downregulation-accompanied cell cycle arrest at the Gap0 and Gap1 phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
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Abouleisa RRE, Miller JM, Gebreil A, Salama ABM, Dwenger M, Abdelhafez H, Wahid RM, Adewumi AT, Soliman ME, Abo-Dya NE, Mohamed TMA. A novel small molecule inhibitor of p38⍺ MAP kinase augments cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry in response to direct cell cycle stimulation. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3271-3289. [PMID: 37547998 PMCID: PMC10726296 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality globally due in part to the limited ability of cardiomyocytes (CMs) to regenerate. Recently, we demonstrated that overexpression of four-cell cycle factors, CDK1, CDK4, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 (4F), induced cell division in ~20% of the post-mitotic CMs overexpressed 4F. The current study aims to identify a small molecule that augments 4F-induced CM cycle induction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH, KEY RESULTS Screening of small molecules with a potential to augment 4F-induced cell-cycle induction in 60-day-old mature human induced pluripotent cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) revealed N-(4,6-Dimethylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridine-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (NDPPC), which activates cell cycle progression in 4F-transduced hiPS-CMs. Autodock tool and Autodock vina computational methods showed that NDPPC has a potential interaction with the binding site at the human p38⍺ mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38⍺ MAP kinase), a critical negative regulator of the mammalian cell cycle. A p38 MAP kinase activity assay showed that NDPPC inhibits p38⍺ with 5-10 times lower IC50 compared to the other P38 isoforms in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of p38⍺ MAP kinase in CMs inhibited 4F cell cycle induction, and treatment with NDPPC reversed the cell cycle inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS NDPPC is a novel inhibitor for p38 MAP kinase and is a promising drug to augment CM cell cycle response to the 4F. NDPPC could become an adjunct treatment with other cell cycle activators for heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham R E Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jessica M. Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Ahmad Gebreil
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Abou Bakr M. Salama
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Marc Dwenger
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Hania Abdelhafez
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Reham M. Wahid
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Adeniyi T. Adewumi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E.S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Nader E. Abo-Dya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Zhang H, Zhang HR, Zhang J, Hu ML, Ren L, Luo QQ, Qi HZ. Discovery of novel S6K1 inhibitors by an ensemble-based virtual screening method and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2023; 29:102. [PMID: 36933164 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) is considered a potential target for the treatment of various diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer. Development of novel S6K1 inhibitors is an urgent and important task for the medicinal chemists. In this research, an effective ensemble-based virtual screening method, including common feature pharmacophore model, 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model, naïve Bayes classifier model, and molecular docking, was applied to discover potential S6K1 inhibitors from BioDiversity database with 29,158 compounds. Finally, 7 hits displayed considerable properties and considered as potential inhibitors against S6K1. Further, carefully analyzing the interactions between these 7 hits and key residues in the S6K1 active site, and comparing them with the reference compound PF-4708671, it was found that 2 hits exhibited better binding patterns. In order to further investigate the mechanism of the interactions between 2 hits and S6K1 at simulated physiological conditions, the molecular dynamics simulation was performed. The ΔGbind energies for S6K1-Hit1 and S6K1-Hit2 were - 111.47 ± 1.29 and - 54.29 ± 1.19 kJ mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, deep analysis of these results revealed that Hit1 was the most stable complex, which can stably bind to S6K1 active site, interact with all of the key residues, and induce H1, H2, and M-loop regions changes. Therefore, the identified Hit1 may be a promising lead compound for developing new S6K1 inhibitor for various metabolic diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhao Qi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
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Adewumi AT, Oluyemi WM, Adekunle YA, Adewumi N, Alahmdi MI, Soliman MES, Abo‐Dya NE. Propitious Indazole Compounds as β‐ketoacyl‐ACP Synthase Inhibitors and Mechanisms Unfolded for TB Cure: Integrated Rational Design and MD Simulations. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi T. Adewumi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4001 South Africa
- Research Laboratories for Rational Design of Drugs and Biomaterials Isiphephelo Court, Tsakane 1550 Brakpan, Johannesburg East Rand Gauteng South Africa
| | - Wande M. Oluyemi
- Research Laboratories for Rational Design of Drugs and Biomaterials Isiphephelo Court, Tsakane 1550 Brakpan, Johannesburg East Rand Gauteng South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria
- Laboratory for Natural Products and Biodiscovery Research Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Yemi A. Adekunle
- Research Laboratories for Rational Design of Drugs and Biomaterials Isiphephelo Court, Tsakane 1550 Brakpan, Johannesburg East Rand Gauteng South Africa
- Laboratory for Natural Products and Biodiscovery Research Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ibadan Nigeria
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD) School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 3AF United Kingdom
| | - Nonhlanhla Adewumi
- Research Laboratories for Rational Design of Drugs and Biomaterials Isiphephelo Court, Tsakane 1550 Brakpan, Johannesburg East Rand Gauteng South Africa
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences Vaal University Vanderbijl Park South Africa
- Chemical research Laboratory BetaChem Pty Ltd ERF5 Producta Road, Driemanskap, Heidelberg 1441 Gauteng South Africa
| | - Mohamed Issa Alahmdi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 7149 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Nader E. Abo‐Dya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Tabuk University Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
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7
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Kuriakose A, Nair B, Abdelgawad MA, Adewum AT, Soliman MES, Mathew B, Nath LR. Evaluation of the active constituents of Nilavembu Kudineer for viral replication inhibition against SARS-CoV-2: An approach to targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14367. [PMID: 35994404 PMCID: PMC9539176 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic and emerging threat to people in the 21st century. SARS-CoV-2 constitutes RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) viral proteins, a critical target in the viral replication process. No FDA-approved drug is currently available, and there is a high demand for therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. In search of the anti-COVID-19 compound from traditional medicine, we evaluated the active moieties from Nilavembu Kudineer (NK), a poly-herbal Siddha formulation recommended by AYUSH against COVID-19. We conducted a preliminary docking analysis of 355 phytochemicals (retrieved from PubChem and IMPPAT databases) present in NK against RdRp viral protein (PDB ID: 7B3B) using COVID-19 Docking Server and further with AutoDockTool-1.5.6. MD simulation studies confirmed that Orientin (L1), Vitexin (L2), and Kasuagamycin (L3) revealed better binding activity against RdRp (PDB ID: 7B3B) in comparison with Remdesivir. The study suggests a potential scaffold for developing drug candidates against COVID-19. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nilavembu Kudineer is a poly-herbal Siddha formulation effective against various diseases like cough, fever, breathing problems, etc. This study shows that different phytoconstituents identified from Nilavembu Kudineer were subjected to in silico and ADME analyses. Out of the former 355 phytochemical molecules, Orientin (L1), Vitexin (L2), and Kasuagamycin (L3) showed better binding activity against RdRp viral protein (PDB ID: 7B3B) in comparison with the synthetic repurposed drug. Our work explores the search for an anti-COVID-19 compound from traditional medicine like Nilavembu Kudineer, which can be a potential scaffold for developing drug candidates against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Kuriakose
- Department of PharmacognosyAmrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences CampusKochiIndia,Department of PharmacologyAmrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences CampusKochiIndia
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of PharmacognosyAmrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences CampusKochiIndia,Department of PharmacologyAmrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences CampusKochiIndia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryCollege of Pharmacy, Jouf UniversitySakakaAl JoufSaudi Arabia
| | - Adeniyi T. Adewum
- Molecular Bio‐Computation and Drug Design LaboratorySchool of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Westville CampusDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio‐Computation and Drug Design LaboratorySchool of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Westville CampusDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryAmrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences CampusKochiIndia
| | - Lekshmi R. Nath
- Department of PharmacognosyAmrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences CampusKochiIndia
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8
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Ciccone L, Petrarolo G, Barsuglia F, Fruchart-Gaillard C, Cassar Lajeunesse E, Adewumi AT, Soliman MES, La Motta C, Orlandini E, Nencetti S. Nature-Inspired O-Benzyl Oxime-Based Derivatives as New Dual-Acting Agents Targeting Aldose Reductase and Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030448. [PMID: 35327641 PMCID: PMC8946157 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (ALR2) is the enzyme in charge of developing cellular toxicity caused by diabetic hyperglycemia, which in turn leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species triggering oxidative stress. Therefore, inhibiting ALR2 while pursuing a concomitant anti-oxidant activity through dual-acting agents is now recognized as the gold standard treatment for preventing or at least delaying the progression of diabetic complications. Herein we describe a novel series of (E)-benzaldehyde O-benzyl oximes 6a–e, 7a–e, 8a–e, and 9–11 as ALR2 inhibitors endowed with anti-oxidant properties. Inspired by the natural products, the synthesized derivatives are characterized by a different polyhydroxy substitution pattern on their benzaldehyde fragment, which proved crucial for both the enzyme inhibitory activity and the anti-oxidant capacity. Derivatives (E)-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde O-(3-methoxybenzyl) oxime (7b) and (E)-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde O-(4-methoxybenzyl) oxime (8b) turned out to be the most effective dual-acting products, proving to combine the best ALR2 inhibitory properties with significant anti-oxidant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agricolture, l’Alimentation et l’Environment (INRAE), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.F.-G.); (E.C.L.)
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Petrarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Barsuglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Carole Fruchart-Gaillard
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agricolture, l’Alimentation et l’Environment (INRAE), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.F.-G.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Evelyne Cassar Lajeunesse
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agricolture, l’Alimentation et l’Environment (INRAE), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.F.-G.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Adeniyi T. Adewumi
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Science, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.T.A.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Science, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.T.A.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.L.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.L.M.); (S.N.)
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9
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Oluyemi WM, Samuel BB, Adewumi AT, Adekunle YA, Soliman MES, Krenn L. An Allosteric Inhibitory Potential of Triterpenes from Combretum racemosum on the Structural and Functional Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum Lactate Dehydrogenase Binding Landscape. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100646. [PMID: 34982514 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a significant drawback in malaria treatment, and mutations in the active sites of the many critical antimalarial drug targets have remained challenging. Therefore, this has necessitated the global search for new drugs with new mechanisms of action. Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (pfLHD), a glycolytic enzyme, has emerged as a potential target for developing new drugs due to the parasite reliance on glycolysis for energy. Strong substrate-binding is required in pfLDH enzymatic catalysis; however, there is a lack of information on small molecules' inhibitory mechanism bound to the substrate-binding pocket. Therefore, this study investigated a potential allosteric inhibition of pfLDH by targeting the substrate-binding site. The structural and functional behaviour of madecassic acid (MA), the most promising among the six triterpenes bound to pfLDH, were unravelled using molecular dynamic simulations at 300 ns to gain insights into its mechanism of binding and inhibition and chloroquine as a standard drug. The docking studies identified that the substrate site has the preferred position for the compounds even in the absence of a co-factor. The bound ligands showed comparably higher binding affinity at the substrate site than at the co-factor site. Mechanistically, a characteristic loop implicated in the enzyme catalytic activity was identified at the substrate site. This loop accommodates key interacting residues (LYS174, MET175, LEU177 and LYS179) pivotal in the MA binding and inhibitory action. The MA-bound pfLHD average RMSD (1.60 Å) relative to chloroquine-bound pfLHD RMSD (2.00 Å) showed higher stability for the substrate pocket, explaining the higher binding affinity (-33.40 kcal/mol) observed in the energy calculations, indicating that MA exhibited profound inhibitory activity. The significant pfLDH loop conformational changes and the allostery substrate-binding landscape suggested inhibiting the enzyme function, which provides an avenue for designing antimalarial compounds in the future studies of pfLDH protein as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wande M Oluyemi
- Laboratory for Natural Products and Biodiscovery Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde B Samuel
- Laboratory for Natural Products and Biodiscovery Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi T Adewumi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Yemi A Adekunle
- Laboratory for Natural Products and Biodiscovery Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dora Akunyili College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Adewumi AT, Elrashedy A, Soremekun OS, Ajadi MB, Soliman MES. Weak spots inhibition in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85C target for antitubercular drug design through selective irreversible covalent inhibitor-SER124. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2934-2954. [PMID: 33155529 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encoded secreted antigen 85 enzymes (Ag85A/Ag85B/Ag85C) play that critical roles in the virulence, survival and drug-resistant TB of the pathogen. Ag85 proteins are potential antitubercular drug targets because they are essential in the catalytic synthesis of trehalose moieties and mycolic acid attachment to the Mtb cell wall. Recently, experimental protocols led to the discovery of a selective covalent Ag85 inhibitor, β-isomer monocyclic enolphosphorus Cycliphostin (CyC8β) compound, which targets the Ag85 serine 124 to exhibit a promising therapeutic activity. For the first time, our study unravelled the structural features among Mtb Ag85C homologs and motions and dynamics of Ag85C when the CyC8β bound covalently and in open model conformations to the protein using bioinformatics tools and integrated Molecular dynamics simulations. Comparative Ag85C sequence analysis revealed conserved regions; 70% active site, 90% Adeniyi loop L1 and 50% loop L2, which acts as a switch between open and closed conformations. The average C-α atoms RMSD (2.05 Å) and RMSF (0.9 Å) revealed instability and high induced flexibility in the CyC8β covalent-bound compared to the apo and open model systems, which displayed more stability and lower fluctuations. DSSP showed structural transitions of α-helices to bend and loops to 310-helices in the bound systems. SASA of CyC8β covalent bound showed active site hydrophobic residues exposure to huge solvent. Therefore, these findings present the potential opportunity hotspots in Ag85C protein that would aid the structure-based design of novel chemical entities capable of resulting in potent antitubercular drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi T Adewumi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi S Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mary B Ajadi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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