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Xu C, Zhao X, Duan H, Gu W, Zhang D, Wang R, Lu X. Synergistic enzymatic mechanism of lepidolite leaching enhanced by a mixture of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174711. [PMID: 38997041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that the co-leaching of ores by different silicate bacteria significantly improves the performance of bioleaching systems. Nevertheless, the mechanism of different silicate bacteria synergistically or complementarily enhanced the leaching process of lithium-containing silicate remains unclear. This study discussed the leaching impact of the combined presence of two metabolically distinct silicate bacteria on lepidolite, with the aim of comprehending the synergistic effect resulting from the presence of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans in the leaching process. The results indicated that the polysaccharides and proteins secreted by bacteria-containing functional groups such as -OH and -COOH, which played an important role in the complex decomposition of ores. Organic acids played the role of acid etching and complexation. Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans exhibited low individual leaching efficiency, primarily due to their weak organic acid secretion. Moreover, the prolific polysaccharide production by Bacillus mucilaginosus led to bacterial aggregation, diminishing contact capability with minerals. Bacillus circulans decomposed the excessive polysaccharides produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus through enzymatic hydrolysis in the co-bioleaching process, providing later nutrient supply for both strains. The symbiosis of the two strains enhanced the synthesis and metabolic capabilities of both strains, resulting in increased organic acid secretion. In addition, protein and humic acid production by Bacillus mucilaginosus intensified, collectively enhancing the leaching efficiency. These findings suggested that the primary metabolic products secreted by different bacterial strains in the leaching process differ. The improvement in bioleaching efficiency during co-leaching was attributed to their effective synergistic metabolism. This work contributes to the construction of an efficient engineering microbial community to improve the efficiency of silicate mineral leaching, and reveals the feasibility of microbial co-culture to improve bioleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Xingqing Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Huaiyu Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Du Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Rucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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2
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Khare S, Singhal A, Rallapalli S, Mishra A. Bio-chelate assisted leaching for enhanced heavy metal remediation in municipal solid waste compost. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14238. [PMID: 38902389 PMCID: PMC11190260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste compost, the circular economy's closed-loop product often contains excessive amounts of toxic heavy metals, leading to market rejection and disposal as waste material. To address this issue, the study develops a novel approach based on: (i) utilizing plant-based biodegradable chelating agent, L-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) to remediate heavy metals from contaminated MSW compost, (ii) comparative assessment of GLDA removal efficiency at optimal conditions with conventional nonbiodegradable chelator EDTA, and (iii) enhanced pre- and post-leaching to evaluate the mobility, toxicity, and bioavailability of heavy metals. The impact of treatment variables, such as GLDA concentration, pH, and retention time, on the removal of heavy metals was investigated. The process was optimized using response surface methodology to achieve the highest removal effectiveness. The findings indicated that under optimal conditions (GLDA concentration of 150 mM, pH of 2.9, retention time for 120 min), the maximum removal efficiencies were as follows: Cd-90.32%, Cu-81.96%, Pb-91.62%, and Zn-80.34%. This process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Following GLDA-assisted leaching, the geochemical fractions were studied and the distribution highlighted Cd, Cu, and Pb's potential remobilization in exchangeable fractions, while Zn displayed integration with the compost matrix. GLDA-assisted leaching and subsequent fractions illustrated transformation and stability. Therefore, this process could be a sustainable alternative for industrial applications (agricultural fertilizers and bioenergy) and social benefits (waste reduction, urban landscaping, and carbon sequestration) as it has controlled environmental footprints. Hence, the proposed remediation strategy, chemically assisted leaching, could be a practical option for extracting heavy metals from MSW compost, thereby boosting circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Khare
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupam Singhal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srinivas Rallapalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA.
| | - Anant Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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3
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Zainab N, Glick BR, Bose A, Amna, Ali J, Rehman FU, Paker NP, Rengasamy K, Kamran MA, Hayat K, Munis MFH, Sultan T, Imran M, Chaudhary HJ. Deciphering the mechanistic role of Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52) in bio-sorption and phyto-assimilation of Cadmium via Linum usitatissimum L. Seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108652. [PMID: 38723488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Three Cd2+ resistant bacterium's minimal inhibition concentrations were assessed and their percentages of Cd2+ accumulation were determined by measurements using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results revealed that two isolates Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52), identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, showed a higher percentage of Cd2+ accumulation i.e., 83.78% and 81.79%, respectively. Moreover, both novel strains can tolerate Cd2+ levels up to 2000 mg/L isolated from district Chakwal. Amplification of the czcD, nifH, and acdS genes was also performed. Batch bio-sorption studies revealed that at pH 7.0, 1 g/L of biomass, and an initial 150 mg/L Cd2+ concentration were the ideal bio-sorption conditions for Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52). The experimental data were fit to Langmuir isotherm measurements and Freundlich isotherm model R2 values of 0.999 for each of these strains. Bio sorption processes showed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The intra-diffusion model showed Xi values for Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52) of 2.26 and 2.23, respectively. Different surface ligands, was investigated through Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The scanning electron microscope SEM images revealed that after Cd2+ adsorption, the cells of both strains became thick, adherent, and deformed. Additionally, both enhanced Linum usitatissimum plant seed germination under varied concentrations of Cd2+ (0 mg/L, 250 mg/L,350 mg/L, and 500 mg/L). Current findings suggest that the selected strains can be used as a sustainable part of bioremediation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zainab
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Water Loo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arpita Bose
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), United States
| | - Amna
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road Sattellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, New Town Research Laboratories, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Najeeba Parre Paker
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Aqeel Kamran
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Tariq Sultan
- Land Resource Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Zhang F, Deng Y, Peng R, Jiang H, Bai L. Bioremediation of paddy soil with amphitropic mixture markedly attenuates rice cadmium: Effect of soil cadmium removal and Fe/S-cycling bacteria in rhizosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169876. [PMID: 38185152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in paddy soil can easily lead to excessive Cd in rice, thereby considerably threatening human health. Microbial leaching is an effective pathway for the mobilization and removal of Cd from soil. In this study, an amphitropic mixture (AM) composed of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial strains was used to leach Cd-contaminated paddy fields. Chemical analysis showed that the AM effectively removed 52 % of the total Cd, 39 % of the available Cd, and 60 % of the exchangeable and carbonate-bound Cd from the paddy soil. After bioleaching, the Cd in the discarded AM solution was adsorbed using a metal adsorbent. Effects of remediation on the soil nutrients or secondary pollution were not significant. Microbial analysis showed that >96 % and 67 % of the indigenous bacteria and fungi, respectively, remained in the AM-remediated soil. Double-cropped rice was cultivated to evaluate the Cd removal efficiency of grains using AM remediation. The Cd in early and late brown rice decreased by 86 % and 56 %, respectively, which was higher than that found for a series of biochemical remediation materials reported in other studies. Furthermore, the AM remediation promoted the growth of iron (Fe)- and sulfur (S)-cycling bacteria in the rice rhizosphere, such as Sulfuricurvum, Desulfurivibrio and Geobacter etc., which reduced the Cd availability in the soil and rice uptake. This study shows that AM has potential applications in the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy fields and provides a new pathway for safe rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha City 410125, China
| | - Huidan Jiang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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5
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu T, Gao Y, Zhai T, Zhao T, Xing Z. Genetic response analysis of Beauveria bassiana Z1 under high concentration Cd(II) stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132984. [PMID: 37995637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd(II)) has carcinogenic and teratogenic toxicity, which can be accumulated in the human body through the food chain, endangering human health and life. In this study, a highly Cd(II)-tolerant fungus named Beauveria bassiana Z1 was studied, and its Cd(Ⅱ) removal efficiency was 71.2% when the Cd(II) concentration was 10 mM. Through bioanalysis and experimental verification of the transcriptome data, it was found that cadmium entered the cells through calcium ion channels, and then complexed with intracellular glutathione (GSH) and stored in vacuoles or excluded extracellular by ABC transporters. Cytochrome P450 was significantly upregulated in many pathways and actively participated in detoxification related reactions. The addition of cytochrome inhibitor taxifolin reduced the removal efficiency of Cd(II) by 45%. In the analysis, it demonstrated that ACOX1 gene and OPR gene of jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated, and were correlated with bZIP family transcription factors cpc-1_0 and pa p1_0. The results showed that exogenous JA could improve the removal efficiency of Cd(II) by strain Z1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Tiantian Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zhilin Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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6
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Li Y, Gao Y, Chen W, Zhang W, Lu X. Shifts in bacterial diversity, interactions and microbial elemental cycling genes under cadmium contamination in paddy soil: Implications for altered ecological function. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132544. [PMID: 37738847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination has become an emergent environmental issue in agroecosystems worldwide. The impacts of Cd on microbial community and their ecological functional remain unrevealed. This study investigated the response of bacterial community and microbial ecological functions to Cd contamination in paddy soil of East China. Bacterial diversity and community structure significantly changed under Cd contamination. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were identified as biomarkers to indicate Cd contamination. The overall elemental cycling genes abundance was negatively correlated to soil Cd content. Acetyl-CoA synthesis, organic N mineralization, N fixation and nitrous reduction genes were especially sensitive to elevated Cd stress, resulting in loss of microbial derived soil C and N pool and increase in N2O emission potential. Bacteria interactions were sparser yet more competitive under Cd contamination. Cd resistant genera Massilia, Burkholderia, Streptomyces and Methylobacterium were essential to bacterial interactions via building connections with non-resistant species. Microbial Cd immobilization potential by urea hydrolysis was enhanced under Cd contamination, with Massilia being the keystone functional taxa involved in this process. Our study elucidated the ecological risks of altered microbial functions under Cd contamination in paddy soil, as well as the significance of Cd resistant bacteria to microbial community and ecological functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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7
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Sarkodie EK, Jiang L, Li K, Guo Z, Yang J, Shi J, Peng Y, Wu X, Huang S, Deng Y, Jiang H, Liu H, Liu X. The influence of cysteine in transformation of Cd fractionation and microbial community structure and functional profile in contaminated paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167535. [PMID: 37802356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Remediating cadmium (Cd) contaminated paddy soil is vital for agroecology, food safety, and human health. Soil washing is more feasible to reduce remediation method due to its high efficiency. However, green, low-cost and more efficient washing agents are still required. In this study, we investigated the ability of cysteine as a washing agent for soil washing to remove Cd from contaminated paddy soil. Through a batch experiment, we evaluated the removal efficiency of cysteine as a washing agent by comparing their removal rate with that of a microbial inoculant and sulphuric acid as other washing agents. The transformation of Cd fractionation and microbial community structure and functional profile in paddy soils after cysteine leaching was studied by using sequential extraction and high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that cysteine had better efficiency in the removal of Cd from paddy soil in comparison to sulphuric acid and the microbial inoculant, and could achieve a maximum removal rate of 97 % Cd in paddy soil. Cysteine decreased the proportion of Cd in the exchangeable fraction, carbonate bound fraction, iron and manganese bound fraction, and organic matter bound fraction and was best for the removal of the residual fraction, which contributed to its higher Cd removal ability. Considering the economic benefits of the reagents used, cysteine was shown to be economically feasible for use as a leaching agent. In addition, cysteine could significantly increase the relative abundance of Thermochromatium, Sideroxydans, Streptacidiphilus, and Frankia which promoted the nitrogen and sulfur metabolism in the paddy soil. In summary, this study revealed that cysteine was readily available, cheap, non-toxic, highly efficient, and even has fertilizing properties, making it eco-friendly and ideal for remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils. Besides, the health of paddy soils would also benefit from cysteine's promotion of microbial nitrogen and sulfur metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Konadu Sarkodie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Kewei Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziwen Guo
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiejie Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yulong Peng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Huidan Jiang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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8
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Ni S, Rahman S, Harada Y, Yoshioka S, Imaizumi M, Wong KH, Mashio AS, Ohta A, Hasegawa H. Remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil: GLDA-assisted extraction and sequential FeCl 3-CaO-based post-stabilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140554. [PMID: 38303381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland soils is a growing concern because of its highly toxic impact on ecosystems and human health. Chelator-assisted washing and chemical immobilization are effective remediation strategies for Cd-contaminated soils. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has traditionally been used for soil washing, but its persistence in the environment and subsequent toxicity have raised significant ecological concerns. Consequently, biodegradable chelators have gained increasing attention as eco-friendly alternatives to the persistent chelator, EDTA. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance and efficacy of three biodegradable chelators: L-glutamate-N,N'-diacetic acid (GLDA), methylglycine-diacetic acid (MGDA), and 3-hydroxy-2,2'-iminodisuccinic acid (HIDS) in comparison to EDTA for remediating a real Cd-contaminated agricultural soil. The influence of treatment parameters, including chelator variants, washing time, chelator concentration, solution pH, and liquid-to-soil ratio (L/S) on Cd extraction was studied and optimized to attain the maximum removal rate. Following chelator-assisted washing, the efficacy of a stabilization preference combining FeCl3 and CaO in reducing the leaching potential of residual Cd in chelator-washed soil residues was also investigated. GLDA demonstrated comparable Cd extraction efficiency to EDTA, and the Cd extraction efficiency was found to be positively correlated with the soil washing parameters. However, under the optimized conditions (chelator concentration: 10 mmol L-1; washing time: 3 h; solution pH: 3; L/S ratio: 10:1), GLDA exhibited a higher Cd extraction rate than EDTA or the other chelators. Furthermore, a post-treatment process incorporating FeCl3 and CaO substantially diminished the water-leachable Cd content in the resultant soil residues. The proposed remediation strategy, which combines chemically assisted washing and stabilization, could be a practical option for extracting bulk Cd from soil and reducing the leaching potential of residual Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Ni
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Harada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shoji Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Minami Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kuo H Wong
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akio Ohta
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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9
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Kushwaha P, Tran A, Quintero D, Song M, Yu Q, Yu R, Downes M, Evans RM, Babst-Kostecka A, Schroeder JI, Maier RM. Zinc accumulation in Atriplex lentiformis is driven by plant genes and the soil microbiome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165667. [PMID: 37478925 PMCID: PMC10529914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Successful phytoremediation of acidic metal-contaminated mine tailings requires amendments to condition tailings properties prior to plant establishment. This conditioning process is complex and includes multiple changes in tailings bio-physico-chemical properties. The objective of this project is to identify relationships between tailings properties, the soil microbiome, and plant stress response genes during growth of Atriplex lentiformis in compost-amended (10 %, 15 %, 20 % w/w) mine tailings. Analyses include RNA-Seq for plant root gene expression, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for bacterial/archaeal communities, metal concentrations in both tailings and plant organs, and phenotypic measures of plant stress. Zn accumulation in A. lentiformis leaves varied with compost levels and was the highest in the intermediate treatment (15 %, TC15). Microbial analysis identified Alicyclobacillus, Hydrotalea, and Pseudolabrys taxa with the highest relative abundance in TC15, and these taxa were strongly associated with Zn accumulation. Furthermore, we identified 190 root genes with significant gene expression changes. These root genes were associated with different pathways including, abscisic acid and auxin signaling, defense responses, ion channels, metal ion binding, oxidative stress, transcription regulation, and transmembrane transport. However, root gene expression changes were not driven by the increasing levels of compost. For example, there were 15 genes that were up-regulated in TC15, whereas 106 genes were down-regulated in TC15. The variables analyzed explained 86 % of the variance in Zn accumulation in A. lentiformis leaves. Importantly, Zn accumulation was driven by Zn shoot concentrations, leaf stress symptoms, plant root genes, and microbial taxa. Therefore, our results suggest there are strong plant-microbiome associations that drive Zn accumulation in A. lentiformis and different plant gene pathways are involved in alleviating varying levels of metal stress. Future work is needed to gain a mechanistic understanding of these plant-microbiome interactions to optimize phytoremediation strategies as they will govern the success or failure of the revegetation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Alexandria Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Diego Quintero
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miranda Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qi Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ruth Yu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alicja Babst-Kostecka
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Raina M Maier
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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10
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Dong Y, Zan J, Lin H. Bioleaching of heavy metals from metal tailings utilizing bacteria and fungi: Mechanisms, strengthen measures, and development prospect. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118511. [PMID: 37418918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Recovering key metals from secondary sources is an indispensable strategy for preventing metal shortages and reducing the risk of toxic releases into the environment. Metal mineral resources continue to be depleted and the global supply chain will face metal scarcity. The use of microorganisms for metal transformation plays an important role in the bioremediation of secondary resources. It shows great potential for development due to its compatibility with the environment and possible cost effectiveness. The results of the study show that the influence of bioleaching processes and effects are mainly analyzed from microorganisms, mineral properties and leaching environmental conditions. In this review article, we elucidate light on the role and mechanisms of fungi and bacteria involved in extracting different metals from tailings, including acidolysis, complexolysis, redoxolysis, and bioaccumulation. Key process parameters that affect the efficiency based bioleaching are discussed, providing referenceable pathways to improve leaching efficiency. The investigation concludes that exploitation of the functional genetic role of microorganisms and their optimal growth conditions can achieve efficient leaching of metals. It was found that the improvement of microbial performance was achieved at the level of mutagenesis breeding, mixed culture microorganisms, and genetics. Moreover, control of leaching system parameters and removal of passivation films can be achieved by adding biochar and surfactants in the leaching system as an effective means to improve tailings leaching. Knowledge about cells with minerals and their detailed interactions at the molecular level is still relatively scarce and the field could be deepened and this area needs to be further explored in the future. The challenges and the key issues associated with the bioleaching technology development are elaborated as a green and effective bioremediation strategy for the environment and prospects for imminent are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Beijing, 102628, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinyu Zan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Maqsood MF, Mohy-Ud-Din W, Shabaan M, Ahmad M, Kaleem M, Ishfaq M, Aslam Z, Shahzad B. Recent Advances in Microbial-Assisted Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3147. [PMID: 37687393 PMCID: PMC10490184 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) is a severe concern for the developing world due to its non-biodegradability and significant potential to damage the ecosystem and associated services. Industries such as mining, manufacturing, building, etc., rapidly produce a substantial amount of Cd, posing environmental risks. Cd toxicity in crop plants decreases nutrient and water uptake and translocation, increases oxidative damage, interferes with plant metabolism and inhibits plant morphology and physiology. However, various conventional physicochemical approaches are available to remove Cd from the soil, including chemical reduction, immobilization, stabilization and electro-remediation. Nevertheless, these processes are costly and unfriendly to the environment because they require much energy, skilled labor and hazardous chemicals. In contrasting, contaminated soils can be restored by using bioremediation techniques, which use plants alone and in association with different beneficial microbes as cutting-edge approaches. This review covers the bioremediation of soils contaminated with Cd in various new ways. The bioremediation capability of bacteria and fungi alone and in combination with plants are studied and analyzed. Microbes, including bacteria, fungi and algae, are reported to have a high tolerance for metals, having a 98% bioremediation capability. The internal structure of microorganisms, their cell surface characteristics and the surrounding environmental circumstances are all discussed concerning how microbes detoxify metals. Moreover, issues affecting the effectiveness of bioremediation are explored, along with potential difficulties, solutions and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | | | - Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, D. G. Khan 32200, Pakistan
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Muhammad Shabaan
- Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
- Department of Agriculture, Extension, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Aslam
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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12
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Deng Y, Fu S, Xu M, Liu H, Jiang L, Liu X, Jiang H. Purification and water resource circulation utilization of Cd-containing wastewater during microbial remediation of Cd-polluted soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115036. [PMID: 36502910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purification and water resource circulation utilization of cadmium-containing leachate is a key link in the field application of microbial remediation in Cd-polluted soil. In this study, through a simulation experiment of microbial remediation of Cd-polluted paddy soil, the feasibility of the purification and recycling process of wastewater derived from microbial remediation of Cd-polluted soil was explored. The results of the microbial mobilization and removal experiment showed that the concentrations of Cd, N, P, and K in the leachate were 88.51 μg/L, 38.06, 0.53, and 98.87 mg/L, respectively. The leachate also contained a large number of microbial resources, indicating that it had high recovery values. To recycle this wastewater, activated carbon (C), humic acid (H), and self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS; S) were used as adsorbents. The results showed that the co-existing cations in the leachate had a major influence on the adsorption of Cd. In the ternary system of Fe, Al, and Cd, the removal efficiency of Cd increased to 91.2% when the S dosage was increased to 5‰, and the sorption of Cd occurred after Fe and Al. However, C and H exhibited poor adsorption performances. The isotherm models further showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of S, H, and C were 13.96, 6.41 and 2.94 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of S showed that adsorption was a rapid process, and the C-H and O-Si-O of S were the key functional groups. The pH of the leachate significantly affected the adsorption efficiency of Cd. Finally, the purified leachate was successfully applied to microbial cultivation and soil remediation. Overall, the reclamation of Cd-containing wastewater can not only dampen the impacts of water shortages, but also achieve the purposes of Cd removal and resource recovery to lower costs by approximately 1166-3499 yuan per mu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Shaodong Fu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huidan Jiang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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13
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Sha H, Li J, Wang L, Nong H, Wang G, Zeng T. Preparation of phosphorus-modified biochar for the immobilization of heavy metals in typical lead-zinc contaminated mining soil: Performance, mechanism and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114769. [PMID: 36463989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of modified biochar for the remediation of heavy metal (HM) has received much attention. However, the immobilization mechanism of biochar to multiple HMs and the interaction of different forms of HMs with microorganisms are still unclear. K2HPO4-modified biochar (PBC) was produced and used in a 90-days immobilization experiment with soil collected from a typic lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mining soil. Incubation experiments showed that PBC enhanced the transformation of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu from exchangeable (Ex-) and/or carbonate-bound forms (Car-) to organic matter-bound (Or-) and/or residual forms (Re-). After scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the mechanisms of HM immobilization by PBC were proposed as precipitation (PO43-, HPO42-, OH- and CO32-), electrostatic attraction, complexation (-COOH, -OH and R-O-H) and the indirect roles of soil parameter variations (pH, moisture and microbial community). Microbial community analysis through high-throughput sequencing showed that PBC reduced bacterial and fungal abundance. However, addition of PBC increased the relative proportions of Proteobacteria by 15.04%-42.99%, Actinobacteria by 4.74%-22.04%, Firmicutes by 0.76%-23.35%, Bacteroidota by 0.16%-12.34%, Mortierellomycota by 4.00%-9.66% and Chytridiomycota by 0.10%-13.7%. Ex-Cd/Pb/Zn, Car-Cd/Zn and Re-Cd/Pb/As were significantly positively (0.001<P≤0.05) correlated with bacterial phyla of Crenarchaeota and Methylomirabilota, and Re-Cu and Ex-/Car-/Fe-Mn oxide-bound (Fe-Mn-)/Or-As were significantly positively correlated (0.001<P≤0.05) with the bacterial phyla of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. While Car-Cd/Zn and Re-Pb/As were positively correlated (0.01<P≤0.05) with fungal phyla of Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. The bacterial network contained more complex interactions than the fungal network, suggesting that bacteria play a larger role in HMs transformation processes. The results indicate that PBC is an effective agent for the remediation of HMs polluted soil in Pb-Zn mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Sha
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Liangqin Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Haidu Nong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Taotao Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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14
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Zhao R, Cao X, Li X, Li T, Zhang H, Cui X, Cui Z. Ecological toxicity of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg and regulation mechanism in Solanum nigrum L. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137447. [PMID: 36509194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the combined ecotoxicological effects of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg and regulation mechanisms in Solanum nigrum L. In this work, the co-exposure of these four heavy metals hindered the transformation of Cd, Zn, and Hg (except Pb) from available to non-available chemical forms. Individual Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg induced the oxidative damages to S. nigrum L., while their combination further enhanced this ecological toxicity. By internal regulation, the ecological toxicity of metals to S. nigrum L. could be alleviated to a certain extent. Specifically, S. nigrum L. was a hyperaccumulator of Cd with BCF >1. Moreover, since BCFroot of Pb, Zn and Hg were all greater than BCFshoot, S. nigrum L. could accumulate Pb, Hg and Zn mainly in plant roots, which was beneficial for the detoxification of plants. Meanwhile, the immobilization by cell wall (the proportions of Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg in the cell wall were 54.46-84.92%, 38.33-49.25%, 48.38-56.19% and 45.97-63.47% in low metal concentration treatments) and the sequestration in vacuole (the proportions of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg in the soluble fractions are 50.99-59.00%, 41.05-45.46%, 37.54-61.04% and 33.47-61.35% in high metal concentration treatments) also act as important detoxification pathways. The external regulation was mainly the changes of soil microbial communities influenced by plants. Specifically, the richness and diversity of bacteria in rhizosphere soil were increased, and roots of S. nigrum L. recruited some potentially beneficial microbials. This study provided a theoretical basis and guidance for S. nigrum L. as a phytoremediation plant under combined heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, PR China.
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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15
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Sarkodie EK, Jiang L, Li K, Yang J, Guo Z, Shi J, Deng Y, Liu H, Jiang H, Liang Y, Yin H, Liu X. A review on the bioleaching of toxic metal(loid)s from contaminated soil: Insight into the mechanism of action and the role of influencing factors. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049277. [PMID: 36569074 PMCID: PMC9767989 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthropogenic activities in agriculture, industrialization, mining, and metallurgy combined with the natural weathering of rocks, have led to severe contamination of soils by toxic metal(loid)s. In an attempt to remediate these polluted sites, a plethora of conventional approaches such as Solidification/Stabilization (S/S), soil washing, electrokinetic remediation, and chemical oxidation/reduction have been used for the immobilization and removal of toxic metal(loid)s in the soil. However, these conventional methods are associated with certain limitations. These limitations include high operational costs, high energy demands, post-waste disposal difficulties, and secondary pollution. Bioleaching has proven to be a promising alternative to these conventional approaches in removing toxic metal(loid)s from contaminated soil as it is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and esthetically pleasing. The bioleaching process is influenced by factors including pH, temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide supply, as well as nutrients in the medium. It is crucial to monitor these parameters before and throughout the reaction since a change in any, for instance, pH during the reaction, can alter the microbial activity and, therefore, the rate of metal leaching. However, research on these influencing factors and recent innovations has brought significant progress in bioleaching over the years. This critical review, therefore, presents the current approaches to bioleaching and the mechanisms involved in removing toxic metal(loid)s from contaminated soil. We further examined and discussed the fundamental principles of various influencing factors that necessitate optimization in the bioleaching process. Additionally, the future perspectives on adding omics for bioleaching as an emerging technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Konadu Sarkodie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kewei Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiejie Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwen Guo
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huidan Jiang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Kumar M, Bolan N, Jasemizad T, Padhye LP, Sridharan S, Singh L, Bolan S, O'Connor J, Zhao H, Shaheen SM, Song H, Siddique KHM, Wang H, Kirkham MB, Rinklebe J. Mobilization of contaminants: Potential for soil remediation and unintended consequences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156373. [PMID: 35649457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Land treatment has become an essential waste management practice. Therefore, soil becomes a major source of contaminants including organic chemicals and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which enter the food chain, primarily through leaching to potable water sources, plant uptake, and animal transfer. A range of soil amendments are used to manage the mobility of contaminants and subsequently their bioavailability. Various soil amendments, like desorbing agents, surfactants, and chelating agents, have been applied to increase contaminant mobility and bioavailability. These mobilizing agents are applied to increase the contaminant removal though phytoremediation, bioremediation, and soil washing. However, possible leaching of the mobilized pollutants during soil washing is a major limitation, particularly when there is no active plant uptake. This leads to groundwater contamination and toxicity to plants and soil biota. In this context, the present review provides an overview on various soil amendments used to enhance the bioavailability and mobility of organic and inorganic contaminants, thereby facilitating increased risk when soil is remediated in polluted areas. The unintended consequences of the mobilization methods, when used to remediate polluted sites, are discussed in relation to the leaching of mobilized contaminants when active plant growth is absent. The toxicity of targeted and non-targeted contaminants to microbial communities and higher plants is also discussed. Finally, this review work summarizes the existing research gaps in various contaminant mobilization approaches, and prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
| | - Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Srinidhi Sridharan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Bolan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - James O'Connor
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Haochen Zhao
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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17
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Fungi Can Be More Effective than Bacteria for the Bioremediation of Marine Sediments Highly Contaminated with Heavy Metals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050993. [PMID: 35630436 PMCID: PMC9145406 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of coastal marine sediments with heavy metals (HMs) is a widespread phenomenon that requires effective remediation actions. Bioremediation based on the use of bacteria is an economically and environmentally sustainable effective strategy for reducing HM contamination and/or toxicity in marine sediments. However, information on the efficiency of marine-derived fungi for HM decontamination of marine sediments is still largely lacking, despite evidence of the performance of terrestrial fungal strains on other contaminated matrixes (e.g., soils, freshwater sediments, industrial wastes). Here, we carried out for the first time an array of parallel laboratory experiments by using different combinations of chemical and microbial amendments (including acidophilic autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, as well as filamentous marine fungi) for the bioremediation of highly HM-contaminated sediments of the Portman Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea), an area largely affected by long-term historical discharges of mine tailings. Our results indicate that the bioleaching performance of metals from the sediment is based on the addition of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp.), either alone or in combination with autotrophic bacteria, was higher when compared to other treatments. In particular, fungal addition allowed obtaining bioleaching yields for As eight times higher than those by chemical treatments and double compared with the addition of bacteria alone. Moreover, in our study, the fungal addition was the only treatment allowing effective bioleaching of otherwise not mobile fractions of Zn and Cd, thus overtaking bacterial treatments. We found that the lower the sediment pH reached by the experimental conditions, as in the case of fungal addition, the higher the solubilization yield of metals, suggesting that the specific metabolic features of A. niger and Trichoderma sp. enable lowering sediment pH and enhance HM bioleaching. Overall, our findings indicate that fungi can be more effective than acidophilic autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria in HM bioleaching, and as such, their use can represent a promising and efficient strategy for the bioremediation of marine sediments highly contaminated with heavy metals.
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Yuan B, Huang L, Liu X, Bai L, Liu H, Jiang H, Zhu P, Xiao Y, Geng J, Liu Q, Hao X. Application of mixotrophic acidophiles for the bioremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils elevates cadmium removal, soil nutrient availability, and rice growth. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113499. [PMID: 35405525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in radically alleviating the threats posed by Cd-contaminated paddy fields to human health is to reduce the Cd levels in both soils and rice grains. In this study, the microbial extraction (ME) treatment using a mixotrophic acidophilic consortium was used for the bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soils. The results showed that the ME treatment enhanced the total Cd (40%) and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-soluble Cd (DTPA-Cd, 64%) removal efficiencies in contaminated soils. In addition, ME treatment decreased the levels of Cd acid-soluble and reducible fractions and thereby reduced Cd uptake in rice tissues. Microbial community analysis indicated that the indigenous soil microbial diversity and composition were not changed after the ME treatment, but the relative abundance of functional microbes associated with Cd removal was improved. Notably, soil available nutrient levels were elevated upon inoculation with mixotrophic acidophiles, resulting in an increase in rice growth and grain weight. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential application and evaluation of ME treatment in the field for remediating Cd-contaminated paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxing Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huidan Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jibiao Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qianjin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xiaodong Hao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Lu Y, Wu R, Zhang J, Liu H, Dai Y. Effects of phase separation on dewaterability promotion and heavy metal removal of sewage sludge during bioleaching. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13971-13982. [PMID: 34599453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioleaching is of increasing interest because of its high efficiency in improving sludge dewaterability and removing heavy metals from sewage sludge. However, in traditional single-phase bioleaching, a high-efficiency level cannot be maintained continuously, wherein the microbial synergistic effect is disrupted at a low pH environment. Therefore, in this study, a series of multi-compartment-baffled flow trials were performed to assess the effects of phase separation on sludge bioleaching by comparing a two-phase trial with two single-phase trials. Energy substrate and part of the bioleached sludge were introduced separately into two compartments to form two phases, namely selection phase and bioleaching phase. The results show that phase separation apparently shortened the start-up duration of sludge bioleaching from 7 days in a single-phase bioleaching to 4 days in two-phase bioleaching. The dewaterability of bioleached sludge was also enhanced by phase separation with relative decreases of 25.0-33.3% for specific resistance to filtration and 14.2% for capillary suction time, which was attributed to lower pH values, zeta potential closer to zero, and less dissolved organic matter in bioleached sludge after two-phase bioleaching. Phase separation generally increased the removal ratios of heavy metals during sludge bioleaching by -0.79 to 2.60%, 11.06 to 15.04%, 4.45 to 11.03%, 17.98 to 23.46%, 7.20 to 9.28%, -9.22 to -2.46%, and -6.72 to -10.68% for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Phase separation also enriched the Acidithiobacillus spp. and reduced the inactivation of acid-tolerant fungi, which can be conducive to better synergistic effect, and therefore maintain long-term stable state in the bioleaching phase of the two-phase bioleaching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Rongjun Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
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Guo Z, Yang J, Sarkodie EK, Li K, Deng Y, Meng D, Miao B, Liu H, Liang Y, Yin H, Liu X, Jiang L. Vertical distribution of the toxic metal(loid)s chemical fraction and microbial community in waste heap at a nonferrous metal mining site. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113037. [PMID: 34856484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, nonferrous mining has produced numerous waste rock and part of the waste that has not been properly treated was generally dumped at roadsides and hill slopes. However, the vertical distributions of toxic metal(loid)s and composition of microbial communities in waste heap and the under-laid pristine soil are rarely studied. In this work, the fraction-related distributions of toxic metal(loid)s were investigated at a waste heap profile and the indigenous microbial assemblages were also analyzed by Illumina sequencing of 16 s rRNA genes. Results showed that compared to the under-laid pristine soil, content of toxic metal(loid)s, especially Cd, As and Pb, in waste rock layer were higher. Most of As in subsoil existed as non-specifically sorbed and specifically-sorbed fractions, which could be ascribed to the migration from the upper layer. The mobility was significantly correlated with Eh, EC, clay content, CEC and the total content of metal(loid)s. Phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the microbial communities. The microbial community compositions at the genus level were similar, but their relative abundances were mainly influenced by pH, CEC, Eh, SOM, and bioavailability content of toxic metal(loid)s. Besides, microbial functions of elements (S, Fe, Mn and As) oxidation/reduction and metabolites (siderophore, biosurfactant, organic acid, phosphatase and urease) potentially were used for pollutants bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Guo
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiejie Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Emmanuel Konadu Sarkodie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kewei Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bo Miao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Nguyen TH, Won S, Ha MG, Nguyen DD, Kang HY. Bioleaching for environmental remediation of toxic metals and metalloids: A review on soils, sediments, and mine tailings. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131108. [PMID: 34119723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to industrial evolution, a huge mass of toxic metals, including Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and metalloids, such as As and Sb, has inevitably been released into the natural environment and accumulated in soils or sediments. Along with modern industrialization, many mineral mines have been explored and exploited to provide materials for industries. Mining industries also generate a vast amount of waste, such as mine tailings, which contain a high concentration of toxic metals and metalloids. Due to the low economic status, a majority of mine tailings are simply disposed into the surrounding environments, without any treatment. The mobilization and migration of toxic metals and metalloids from soils, sediments, and mining wastes to water systems via natural weathering processes put both the ecological system and human health at high risk. Considering both economic and environmental aspects, bioleaching is a preferable option for removing the toxic metals and metalloids because of its low cost and environmental safety. This chapter reviews the recent approaches of bioleaching for removing toxic metals and metalloids from soils, sediments, and mining wastes. The comparison between bioleaching and chemical leaching of various waste sources is also discussed in terms of efficiency and environmental safety. Additionally, the advanced perspectives of bioleaching for environmental remediation with consideration of other influencing factors are reviewed for future studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangmin Won
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Gyu Ha
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan Center, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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