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Ortiz-Aguayo MJ, Paré F, Gabriel G, Baeza M. Amperometric Inkjet-Printed Thyroxine Sensor Based on Customized Graphene and Tunned Cyclodextrins as the Preconcentration Element. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:403. [PMID: 38470734 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The determination of thyroid hormones has practical clinical significance for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism diseases. Considering this aspect, a wide range of analytical methods for the detection of analytes, including immunoassay, chemiluminescence, mass spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, among others, has been developed. This type of analysis provides feasible results. Nevertheless, it requires qualified staff, special facilities and is time-consuming. For this reason, this paper relies on the fabrication of an electrochemical device developed with inkjet printing technology for the free detection of Thyroxine (T4). To manufacture our electrochemical device, several aspects were considered from the use of materials that amplify electrical signals, to finding a supramolecular scaffold that possess affinity towards the target analyte and the need of preconcentrating the analyte on the electrode's surface. For this task, printed devices were modified with a hybrid nanomaterial consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) tuned with Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs) and an entrapment agent and different thiolated cyclodextrins (x-CD-SH) as carrying agents. Analytes were preconcentrated via supramolecular chemistry due to the formation of an inclusion complex between the cyclodextrin and hormones. Morphological and electrochemical characterization of the final device was carried out to ensure the proper workability of the electrode, achieving excellent response, sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Ortiz-Aguayo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Tillers, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Franc Paré
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Tillers, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- GENOCOV Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gemma Gabriel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Baeza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Tillers, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- GENOCOV Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Slimane Ben Ali D, Krid F, Nacef M, Boussaha EH, Chelaghmia ML, Tabet H, Selaimia R, Atamnia A, Affoune AM. Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus elastica extract for the electrochemical simultaneous detection of Cd 2+, Pb 2+, and Hg 2. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18734-18747. [PMID: 37346942 PMCID: PMC10281342 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02974c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, we report the use of a new carbon paste electrode based on a low-cost pencil graphite powder modified with polyaniline (PANI) and green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus elastica extract as a sensor for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The elaborated electrode was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and simultaneous thermal analysis (TGA/DSC). The electrochemical behavior of the sensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. According to CV, as well as square wave voltammetry (SWV) results, it was found that the CuONPs/PANI-CPE sensor was able to determine very low concentrations of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ in HCl (0.01 M) either in single metal or in multi-metal solutions with a high sensitivity. Furthermore, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ simultaneous detection on CuONPs/PANI-CPE achieved very low limits of detection (0.11, 0.16, and 0.07 μg L-1, respectively). Besides, the designed sensor displayed a good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Moreover, CuONPs/PANI-CPE enabled us to determine with high accuracy Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ traces in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djihane Slimane Ben Ali
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
- LRPCSI-Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, Université 20 Août 1955 Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Ferial Krid
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, LGCE Algeria
| | - Mouna Nacef
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
| | - El Hadi Boussaha
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Mohamed Lyamine Chelaghmia
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
| | - Habiba Tabet
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, LGCE Algeria
| | - Radia Selaimia
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
| | - Amira Atamnia
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
- LRPCSI-Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, Université 20 Août 1955 Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Abed Mohamed Affoune
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
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Tryptophan capped gold-silver bimetallic nanoclusters-based turn-off fluorescence sensor for the determination of histamine. Talanta 2023; 256:124321. [PMID: 36738625 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan capped gold-silver bimetallic nanoclusters (Trp-Au/Ag BNCs) based turn-off fluorescence sensor has been developed for the simple and rapid determination of histamine. Sensor parameters such as the effect of solvent, irradiation time etc. were optimized and further studies were done using these results. Fluorescence quenching of BNCs happens with the incremental addition of histamine. This might be due to the aggregation of BNCs induced by the electrostatic force of attraction between the negatively charged BNCs and amino functional groups of histamine. The sensor showed good sensitivity for the determination of histamine with a linear range of 8.5 × 10-5 M to 4.0 × 10-6 M and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.0 × 10-7 M. Practical utility of the proposed sensor has been proved through spike recovery analysis in synthetic physiological fluids.
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Imanzadeh H, Sefid-Sefidehkhan Y, Afshary H, Afruz A, Amiri M. Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for detection of amino acids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 230:115390. [PMID: 37079932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and muscle tissue. They also play a significant role in physiological processes related to energy, recovery, mood, muscle and brain function, fat burning and stimulating growth hormone or insulin secretion. Accurate determination of amino acids in biological fluids is necessary because any changes in their normal ranges in the body warn diseases like kidney disease, liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. To date, many methods such as liquid chromatography, fluorescence mass spectrometry, etc. have been used for the determination of amino acids. Compared with the above techniques, electrochemical systems using modified electrodes offer a rapid, accurate, cheap, real-time analytical path through simple operations with high selectivity and sensitivity. Nanomaterials have found many interests to create smart electrochemical sensors in different application fields e.g. biomedical, environmental, and food analysis because of their exceptional properties. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors in 2017-2022 for the detection of amino acids in various matrices such as serum, urine, blood and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Imanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Afshary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Afruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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Tran VA, Doan VD, Le VT, Nguyen TQ, Don TN, Vien V, Luan NT, Vo GNL. Metal–Organic Frameworks-Derived Material for Electrochemical Biosensors: Recent Applications and Prospects. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vy Anh Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Dat Doan
- The Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Thuan Le
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Quang Nguyen
- Department of External Relations and Project Development, Institute of Applied Science and Technology (IAST), Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ta Ngoc Don
- Ministry of Education and Training, Ha Noi City, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Vien
- Applied Research Institute for Science and Technology, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon, 820000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Luan
- Department of Science and Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Giang N. L. Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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Serbest Z, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. One-Step Electrochemical Fabrication of Lithium-Intercalated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) for the Differential Pulse Voltammetric (DPV) Determination of l-Tyrosine. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Serbest
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Varodi C, Pogăcean F, Coroş M, Ciorîță A, Pruneanu S. Electrochemical L-Tyrosine Sensor Based on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Exfoliated Graphene. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22103606. [PMID: 35632015 PMCID: PMC9143931 DOI: 10.3390/s22103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a graphene sample (EGr) was synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods in electrolyte solution containing 0.1 M ammonia and 0.1 M ammonium thiocyanate. The morphology of the powder deposited onto a solid substrate was investigated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The SEM micrographs evidenced large and smooth areas corresponding to the basal plane of graphene as well as white lines (edges) where graphene layers fold-up. The high porosity of the material brings a major advantage, such as the increase of the active area of the modified electrode (EGr/GC) in comparison with that of bare glassy carbon (GC). The graphene modified electrode was successfully tested for L-tyrosine detection and the results were compared with those of bare GC. For EGr/GC, the oxidation peak of L-tyrosine had high intensity (1.69 × 10-5 A) and appeared at lower potential (+0.64 V) comparing with that of bare GC (+0.84 V). In addition, the graphene-modified electrode had a considerably larger sensitivity (0.0124 A/M) and lower detection limit (1.81 × 10-6 M), proving the advantages of employing graphene in electrochemical sensing.
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8
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Conventional and emerging technologies for combating Hirschsprung's disease: The scope of electroanalytical sensing modalities. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Dinu A, Apetrei C. A Review of Sensors and Biosensors Modified with Conducting Polymers and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Used in Electrochemical Detection of Amino Acids: Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1218. [PMID: 35163145 PMCID: PMC8835779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the studies on developing sensors and biosensors-with an obvious interdisciplinary character-have drawn the attention of many researchers specializing in various fundamental, but also complex domains such as chemistry, biochemistry, physics, biophysics, biology, bio-pharma-medicine, and bioengineering. Along these lines, the present paper is structured into three parts, and is aimed at synthesizing the most relevant studies on the construction and functioning of versatile devices, of electrochemical sensors and biosensors, respectively. The first part presents examples of the most representative scientific research focusing on the role and the importance of the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan amino acids, selected depending on their chemical structure and their impact on the central nervous system. The second part is dedicated to presenting and exemplifying conductor polymers and molecularly imprinted polymers used as sensitive materials in achieving electrochemical sensors and biosensors. The last part of the review analyzes the sensors and biosensors developed so far to detect amino acids with the aid of conductor polymers and molecularly imprinted polymers from the point of view of the performances obtained, with emphasis on the detection methods, on the electrochemical reactions that take place upon detection, and on the electroanalytical performances. The present study was carried out with a view to highlighting, for the benefit of specialists in medicine and pharmacy, the possibility of achieving and purchasing efficient devices that might be used in the quality control of medicines, as well as in studying and monitoring diseases associated with these amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantin Apetrei
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, RO-800008 Galati, Romania;
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Dinu A, Apetrei C. Quantification of Tyrosine in Pharmaceuticals with the New Biosensor Based on Laccase-Modified Polypyrrole Polymeric Thin Film. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:441. [PMID: 35160431 PMCID: PMC8839761 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, a state of body tension, sometimes caused by increased levels of tyrosine (Tyr) in the body, can lead to serious illnesses such as depression, irritability, anxiety, damage to the thyroid gland, and insomnia. The body can be provided with an adequate concentration of tyrosine by taking pharmaceutical products or by dietary intake. Therefore, this study presents the development of a new enzyme sensor for the quantification of Tyr in pharmaceuticals. A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified with the conductive polymer (CP) polypyrrole (PPy) doped with hexacyanoferrate (II) anion (FeCN), the polymer having been selected for its excellent properties, namely, permeability, conductivity, and stability. The enzyme laccase (Lacc) was subsequently immobilized in the polymer matrix and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, as this enzyme is a thermostable catalyst, greatly improving the performance of the biosensor. The electrochemical method of analysis of the new device, Lacc/PPy/FeCN/SPCE, was cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA) contributed to the study of changes in the biosensor with doped PPy. CV measurements confirmed that the Lacc/PPy/FeCN/SPCE biosensor is a sensitive and efficient platform for Tyr detection. Thus, this enzyme sensor showed a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.29 × 10-8 M, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 7.63 × 10-8 M, and a very high sensitivity compared to both devices reported in the literature and the PPy/FeCN/SPCE sensor. Quantitative determination in pharmaceuticals was performed in L-Tyr solution of different concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 7 × 10-6 M. Validation of the device was performed by infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) on three pharmaceuticals from different manufacturers and with different Tyr concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantin Apetrei
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domnească Street, RO-800008 Galati, Romania;
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Moustafa E, El Nady J, Kashyout AEHB, Shoueir K, El-Kemary M. Fabrication of High Yield Photoluminescent Quantized Graphene Nanodiscs for Supercapacitor Devices. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23090-23099. [PMID: 34549110 PMCID: PMC8444208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we produced high yield quantized nitrogen-doped graphene nanodiscs from waste tires via a one-step process under high pressure and temperature using a homemade stainless steel reactor without using any chemical additives. Reaction temperature played a vital role in the preparation process. By increasing the temperature to a level between 600 and 1100 °C, the carbon atoms rearranged themselves to build a mixed graphene structure of nanodiscs and quantum dots. The obtained graphene exhibits excellent capacitance and long life cycle stability as an electrode in supercapacitor devices. The specific capacitance rose to 161.24 F/g with a high power density of 733.3 W/kg, and the energy density reached 27.1 Wh/kg. The finding of this work is not only to provide a solution to get rid of hazardous materials but also to give awareness of turning these hazardous materials into a cost-effective and economical nanomaterial; in another, this approach sheds light on the promising power uses of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Moustafa
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Jehan El Nady
- Electronic
Materials Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research
Institute, City of Scientific Research and
Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Hady B. Kashyout
- Electronic
Materials Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research
Institute, City of Scientific Research and
Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Kamel Shoueir
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Dinu A, Apetrei C. Development of Polypyrrole Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Based Sensors for Determination of L-Tyrosine in Pharmaceutical Products. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7528. [PMID: 34299146 PMCID: PMC8307433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Good health, of vital importance in order to carry out our daily routine, consists of both physical and mental health. Tyrosine (Tyr) deficiency as well as its excess are issues that can affect mental health and can generate disorders such as depression, anxiety, or stress. Tyr is the amino acid (AA) responsible for maintaining good mental health, and for this reason, the present research presents the development of new electrochemical sensors modified with polypyrrole (PPy) doped with different doping agents such as potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) (FeCN), sodium nitroprusside (NP), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for a selective and sensitive detection of Tyr. The development of the sensors was carried out by chronoamperometry (CA) and the electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The detection limits (LOD) obtained with each modified sensor were 8.2 × 10-8 M in the case of PPy /FeCN-SPCE, 4.3 × 10-7 M in the case of PPy/NP-SPCE, and of 3.51 × 10-7 M in the case of PPy/SDS-SPCE, thus demonstrating a good sensitivity of these sensors detecting L-Tyr. The validation of sensors was carried out through quantification of L-Tyr from three pharmaceutical products by the standard addition method with recoveries in the range 99.92-103.97%. Thus, the sensors present adequate selectivity and can be used in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantin Apetrei
- Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
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Malode SJ, Keerthi Prabhu K, Shetti NP. Electrocatalytic behavior of a heterostructured nanocomposite sensor for aminotriazole. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04644b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterostructured nano-composite sensor for aminotriazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta J. Malode
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- K.L.E. Institute of Technology
- Hubballi 580027
- India
| | - K. Keerthi Prabhu
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- K.L.E. Institute of Technology
- Hubballi 580027
- India
| | - Nagaraj P. Shetti
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- K.L.E. Institute of Technology
- Hubballi 580027
- India
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