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Dos Reis GS, Conrad S, Lima EC, Naushad M, Manavalan G, Gentili FG, Dotto GL, Grimm A. Synthesis of Highly Porous Lignin-Sulfonate Sulfur-Doped Carbon for Efficient Adsorption of Sodium Diclofenac and Synthetic Effluents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1374. [PMID: 39195412 DOI: 10.3390/nano14161374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a novel sulfur-doped carbon material has been synthesized via a facile and sustainable single-step pyrolysis method using lignin-sulfonate (LS), a by-product of the sulfite pulping process, as a novel carbon precursor and zinc chloride as a chemical activator. The sulfur doping process had a remarkable impact on the LS-sulfur carbon structure. Moreover, it was found that sulfur doping also had an important impact on sodium diclofenac removal from aqueous solutions due to the introduction of S-functionalities on the carbon material's surface. The doping process effectively increased the carbon specific surface area (SSA), i.e., 1758 m2 g-1 for the sulfur-doped and 753 m2 g-1 for the non-doped carbon. The sulfur-doped carbon exhibited more sulfur states/functionalities than the non-doped, highlighting the successful chemical modification of the material. As a result, the adsorptive performance of the sulfur-doped carbon was remarkably improved. Diclofenac adsorption experiments indicated that the kinetics was better described by the Avrami fractional order model, while the equilibrium studies indicated that the Liu model gave the best fit. The kinetics was much faster for the sulfur-doped carbon, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 301.6 mg g-1 for non-doped and 473.8 mg g-1 for the sulfur-doped carbon. The overall adsorption seems to be a contribution of multiple mechanisms, such as pore filling and electrostatic interaction. When tested to treat lab-made effluents, the samples presented excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaydson S Dos Reis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sarah Conrad
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gopinathan Manavalan
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Francesco G Gentili
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Grimm
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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2
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S Dos Reis G, Grimm A, Fungaro DA, Hu T, de Brum IAS, Lima EC, Naushad M, Dotto GL, Lassi U. Synthesis of sustainable mesoporous sulfur-doped biobased carbon with superior performance sodium diclofenac removal: Kinetic, equilibrium, thermodynamic and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118595. [PMID: 38462080 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the last years, the strategy of employing inevitable organic waste and residue streams to produce valuable and greener materials for a wide range of applications has been proven an efficient and suitable approach. In this research, sulfur-doped porous biochar was produced through a single-step pyrolysis of birch waste tree in the presence of zinc chloride as chemical activator. The sulfur doping process led to a remarkable impact on the biochar structure. Moreover, it was shown that sulfur doping also had an important impact on sodium diclofenac (S-DCF) removal from aqueous solutions due to the introduction of S-functionalities on biochar surface. The adsorption experiments suggested that General and Liu models offered the best fit for the kinetic and equilibrium studies, respectively. The results showed that the kinetic was faster for the S-doped biochar while the maximum adsorption capacity values at 318 K were 564 mg g-1 (non-doped) and 693 mg g-1 (S-doped); highlighting the better affinity of S-doped biochar for the S-DCF molecule compared to non-doped biochar. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔS0, ΔG0) suggested that the S-DCF removal on both adsorbents was spontaneous, favourable, and endothermic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaydson S Dos Reis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden.
| | - Alejandro Grimm
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Denise Alves Fungaro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN / CNEN -SP)Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 224205508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tao Hu
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irineu A S de Brum
- Mineral Processing Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grand do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
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3
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Bari GAKMR, Jeong JH. Potential of Carbon Aerogels in Energy: Design, Characteristics, and Applications. Gels 2024; 10:389. [PMID: 38920935 PMCID: PMC11202916 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In energy applications, the use of materials with hierarchical porous structures and large surface areas is essential for efficient charge storage. These structures facilitate rapid electron and ion transport, resulting in high power density and quick charge/discharge capabilities. Carbon-based materials are extensively utilized due to their tunable properties, including pore sizes ranging from ultra- to macropores and surface polarity. Incorporating heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron modifies the carbon structure, enhancing electrocatalytic properties and overall performance. A hierarchical pore structure is necessary for optimal performance, as it ensures efficient access to the material's core. The microstructure of carbon materials significantly impacts energy storage, with factors like polyaromatic condensation, crystallite structure, and interlayer distance playing crucial roles. Carbon aerogels, derived from the carbonization of organic gels, feature a sponge-like structure with large surface area and high porosity, making them suitable for energy storage. Their open pore structure supports fast ion transfer, leading to high energy and power densities. Challenges include maintaining mechanical or structural integrity, multifunctional features, and scalability. This review provides an overview of the current progress in carbon-based aerogels for energy applications, discussing their properties, development strategies, and limitations, and offering significant guidance for future research requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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4
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Hamada T, Nara H, Kim M, Miyata H, Yamauchi Y. Organic precursors for tailored synthesis of sulfur- and nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbons: a molecular design approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4914-4917. [PMID: 38625117 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Insights into tailoring heteroatom-doped mesoporous carbon are provided for enhanced electrocatalytic properties. This study focuses on the design and synthesis of sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon using a sulfur-containing monomer with a chemical structure similar to dopamine. The resulting material achieves remarkable catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hamada
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Nara
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Minjun Kim
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 389, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hirokatsu Miyata
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 389, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
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5
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Griffin A, Smith N, Robertson M, Nunez B, McCraw J, Chen H, Qiang Z. Research Experiences via Integrating Simulations and Experiments (REVISE): A Model Collaborative Research Project for Undergraduate Students in CO 2 Sorbent Design. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2024; 101:1096-1105. [PMID: 38495615 PMCID: PMC10938636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Undergraduate research experiences are an instrumental component of student development, increasing conceptual understanding, promoting inquiry-based learning, and guiding potential career aspirations. Moving one step further, as research continues to become more interdisciplinary, there exists potential to accelerate student growth by granting additional perspectives through collaborative research. This study demonstrates the utilization of a model collaborative research project, specifically investigating the development of sorbent technologies for efficient CO2 capture, which is an important research area for improving environmental sustainability. A model CO2 sorbent system of heteroatom-doped porous carbon is utilized to enable students to gain knowledge of adsorption processes, through combined experimental and computational investigations and learnings. A particular emphasis is placed on creating interdisciplinary learning experiences, exemplified by using density functional theory (DFT) to understand molecular interactions between doped carbon surfaces and CO2 molecules as well as explain underlying physical mechanisms that govern experimental results. The experimental observations about CO2 sorption performance of doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) can be correlated with simulation results, which can explain how the presence of heteroatom functional groups impact the ability of porous carbon to selectively adsorb CO2 molecules. Through an inquiry-focused approach, students were observed to couple interdisciplinary results to construct holistic explanations, while developing skills in independent research and scientific communications. This collaborative research project allows students to obtain a deeper understanding of sustainability challenges, cultivate confidence in independent research, prepare for future career paths, and most importantly, be exposed to strategies employing interdisciplinary research approaches to address scientific challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Griffin
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, The
University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Neziah Smith
- Department
of Science, Copiah-Lincoln Community College
Natchez Campus, 11 Co-Lin
Circle, Natchez, Mississippi 39120, United States
| | - Mark Robertson
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, The
University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Bianca Nunez
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Jacob McCraw
- School
of Science and Engineering, Jones County
Junior College, 900 S. Court Street, Ellisville, Mississippi 39437, United States
| | - Haoyuan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, The
University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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6
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Zschiebsch W, Sturm Y, Kucher M, Hedayati DP, Behnisch T, Modler N, Böhm R. Multifunctionality Analysis of Structural Supercapacitors- A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:739. [PMID: 38591598 PMCID: PMC10856288 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Structural supercapacitors (SSCs) are multifunctional energy storage composites (MESCs) that combine the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymers and the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors to reduce the overall mass in lightweight applications with electrical energy consumption. These novel MESCs have huge potentials, and their properties have improved dramatically since their introduction in the early 2000's. However, the current properties of SSCs are not sufficient for complete energy supply of electrically driven devices. To overcome this drawback, the aim of the current study is to identify key areas for enhancement of the multifunctional performance of SSCs. Critical modification paths for the SSC constituents are systematically analyzed. Special focus is given to the improvement of carbon fiber-based electrodes, the selection of structural electrolytes and the implementation of separators for the development of more efficient SSCs. Finally, current SSCs are compared in terms of their multifunctionality including material combinations and modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Zschiebsch
- Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, PF 30 11 66, 04251 Leipzig, Germany; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (D.P.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Yannick Sturm
- Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, PF 30 11 66, 04251 Leipzig, Germany; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (D.P.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Michael Kucher
- Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, PF 30 11 66, 04251 Leipzig, Germany; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (D.P.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Davood Peyrow Hedayati
- Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, PF 30 11 66, 04251 Leipzig, Germany; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (D.P.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Niels Modler
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, PF 30 11 66, 04251 Leipzig, Germany; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (D.P.H.); (R.B.)
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7
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Ratre P, Nazeer N, Soni N, Kaur P, Tiwari R, Mishra PK. Smart carbon-based sensors for the detection of non-coding RNAs associated with exposure to micro(nano)plastics: an artificial intelligence perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8429-8452. [PMID: 38182954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants that individuals eventually consume. Despite this, little is known about MNP's impact on public health. In this article, we assess the evidence for potentially harmful consequences of MNPs in the human body, concentrating on molecular toxicity and exposure routes. Since MNPs are present in various consumer products, foodstuffs, and the air we breathe, exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. MNPs exposure can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammatory lesions, and epigenetic modifications, releasing specific non-coding RNAs in circulation, which can be detected to diagnose non-communicable diseases. This article examines the most fascinating smart carbon-based nanobiosensors for detecting circulating non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs and microRNAs). Carbon-based smart nanomaterials offer many advantages over traditional methods, such as ease of use, sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, for capturing non-coding RNAs. In particular, the synthetic methods, conjugation chemistries, doping, and in silico approach for the characterization of synthesized carbon nanodots and their adaptability to identify and measure non-coding RNAs associated with MNPs exposure is discussed. Furthermore, the article provides insights into the use of artificial intelligence tools for designing smart carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ratre
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nazim Nazeer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nikita Soni
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Prasan Kaur
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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8
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Jiang Z, Wei J, Niu X, Cui X, Li Y, Cui N, Li J, Huo J, Wang L, Ji W, Li J. Highly dispersed Fe 7S 8 anchored on sp 2/sp 3 hybridized carbon boosting peroxymonosulfate activation for enhanced EOCs elimination though singlet oxygen-dominated nonradical pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132607. [PMID: 37757558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of carbon materials with high sp2/sp3 hybridized carbon ratio and metal materials can enhance the efficiency of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) based advanced oxidation processes. In this study, a composite of highly dispersed Fe7S8 anchored on sp2/sp3 hybridized carbon (Fe7S8@HC) was developed by a facile synthesis for PMS activation. Within 10 min, the removal efficiency of the target pollutant doxycycline (DOX) could reach ca. 96 % in optimal Fe7S8@HC/PMS system through a 1O2-dominated non-radical pathway. Correlation mechanism analysis revealed that thiophene S, sp2/sp3 ratio and Fe(II) were critical factors for elongating of the O-O bond of PMS. Moreover, the Fe7S8@HC/PMS system exhibited favorable adaptability to interference such as common inorganic anions, humic acid and pH changes and could effectively remove various organic pollutants with low ionization potential. Moreover, the system maintained high DOX removal efficiency by running 30 cycles in a continuous flow reactor. Finally, susceptible sites of DOX and four degradation pathways were proposed by density functional theory calculation and LC-MS detection. This work not only offered new insights into the design of high-performance catalysts combining metal and biomass-based carbon materials, but also provided technical support for the remediation of water bodies containing emerging organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Jiang
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jia Wei
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiruo Niu
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueru Cui
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Nan Cui
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiangkai Huo
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Linhao Wang
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Ji
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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9
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Sovizi S, Angizi S, Ahmad Alem SA, Goodarzi R, Taji Boyuk MRR, Ghanbari H, Szoszkiewicz R, Simchi A, Kruse P. Plasma Processing and Treatment of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Tuning Properties and Defect Engineering. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13869-13951. [PMID: 38048483 PMCID: PMC10756211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer fascinating opportunities for fundamental nanoscale science and various technological applications. They are a promising platform for next generation optoelectronics and energy harvesting devices due to their exceptional characteristics at the nanoscale, such as tunable bandgap and strong light-matter interactions. The performance of TMD-based devices is mainly governed by the structure, composition, size, defects, and the state of their interfaces. Many properties of TMDs are influenced by the method of synthesis so numerous studies have focused on processing high-quality TMDs with controlled physicochemical properties. Plasma-based methods are cost-effective, well controllable, and scalable techniques that have recently attracted researchers' interest in the synthesis and modification of 2D TMDs. TMDs' reactivity toward plasma offers numerous opportunities to modify the surface of TMDs, including functionalization, defect engineering, doping, oxidation, phase engineering, etching, healing, morphological changes, and altering the surface energy. Here we comprehensively review all roles of plasma in the realm of TMDs. The fundamental science behind plasma processing and modification of TMDs and their applications in different fields are presented and discussed. Future perspectives and challenges are highlighted to demonstrate the prominence of TMDs and the importance of surface engineering in next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sovizi
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shayan Angizi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sayed Ali Ahmad Alem
- Chair in
Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversität
Leoben, Leoben 8700, Austria
| | - Reyhaneh Goodarzi
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Ghanbari
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Szoszkiewicz
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of
Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
- Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science
& Technology, Sharif University of Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Kruse
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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10
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Kim KW, Park B, Kim J, Seok H, Kim T, Jo C, Kim JK. Block Copolymer-Directed Facile Synthesis of N-Doped Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon for Reliable, High-Performance Zn Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:57905-57912. [PMID: 37040434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) are promising materials for cathode materials of a Zn ion hybrid capacitor (Zn HC) due to their high surface area and interconnected porous structure. Graphitization of the framework and nitrogen doping have been used to improve the energy storage performance of the OMCs by enhancing electrical conductivity, pseudocapacitive reaction sites, and surface affinity toward aqueous electrolytes. Thus, when both methods are simultaneously implemented to the OMCs, the Zn HC would have improved energy storage performance. Herein, we introduce a facile synthetic method for N-doped mesoporous graphitic carbon (N-mgc) by utilizing polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinlypyridine) copolymer (PS-b-P2VP) as both soft-template and carbon/nitrogen sources. Co-assembly of PS-b-P2VP with Ni precursors for graphitization formed a mesostructured composite, which was converted to N-doped graphitic carbon through catalytic pyrolysis. After selective removal of Ni, N-mgc was prepared. The obtained N-mgc exhibited interconnected mesoporous structure with high nitrogen content and high surface area. When N-mgc was employed as a cathode material in Zn ion HC, excellent energy storage performance was achieved: a high specific capacitance (43 F/g at 0.2 A/g), a high energy density of 19.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 180 W/kg, and reliable cycle stability (>3000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Woo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Seok
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changshin Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous & Energy Materials Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Cardoso ESF, Fortunato GV, Rodrigues CD, Lanza MRV, Maia G. Exploring the Potential of Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons as a Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2831. [PMID: 37947677 PMCID: PMC10650208 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we created a series of N, S, and P-doped and co-doped carbon catalysts using a single graphene nanoribbon (GNR) matrix and thoroughly evaluated the impact of doping on ORR activity and selectivity in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions. The results obtained showed no significant changes in the GNR structure after the doping process, though changes were observed in the surface chemistry in view of the heteroatom insertion and oxygen depletion. Of all the dopants investigated, nitrogen (mainly in the form of pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N) was the most easily inserted and detected in the carbon matrix. The electrochemical analyses conducted showed that doping impacted the performance of the catalyst in ORR through changes in the chemical composition of the catalyst, as well as in the double-layer capacitance and electrochemically accessible surface area. In terms of selectivity, GNR doped with phosphorus and sulfur favored the 2e- ORR pathway, while nitrogen favored the 4e- ORR pathway. These findings can provide useful insights into the design of more efficient and versatile catalytic materials for ORR in different electrolyte solutions, based on functionalized carbon.
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Grants
- grants #465571/2014-0, #302874/2017-8, #427452/2018-0, #303351/2018-7, #405742/2018-5, #380886/2020-0, #303943/2021-1, #302561/2022-6, # 151161/2023-2 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- grants #71/020.168/2021, #71/027.195/2022 and #71/039.199/2022 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- PrInt grant #88881.311799/2018-01, PNPD-CAPES, and CAPES - Finance Code 001 Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- grants 2014/50945-4, 2017/10118-0, #2019/04421-7, and #2023/01425-7 São Paulo Research Foundation
- grant # 2023/10772-2 São Paulo Research Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S. F. Cardoso
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller 1555, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme V. Fortunato
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (G.V.F.); (M.R.V.L.)
| | - Clauber D. Rodrigues
- Campus Glória de Dourados, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Rua Rogério Luis Rodrigues s/n, Glória de Dourados 79730-000, MS, Brazil;
| | - Marcos R. V. Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (G.V.F.); (M.R.V.L.)
| | - Gilberto Maia
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller 1555, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil;
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12
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Demirci S, Suner SS, Neli OU, Koca A, Sahiner N. B, P, and S heteroatom doped, bio- and hemo-compatible 2D graphitic-carbon nitride ( g-C 3N 4) with antioxidant, light-induced antibacterial, and bioimaging endeavors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:025101. [PMID: 37804825 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) graphiticg-C3N4and heteroatom-doped graphitic H@g-C3N4(H: B, P, or S) particles were successfully done using melamine as source compounds and boric acid, phosphorous red, and sulfur as doping agents. The band gap values of 2Dg-C3N4, B50@g-C3N4, P50@g-C3N4, and S50@g-C3N4structures were determined as 2.90, 3.03, 2.89, and 2.93 eV, respectively. The fluorescent emission wavelengths of 2Dg-C3N4, B50@g-C3N4, P50@g-C3N4, and S50@g-C3N4structures were observed at 442, 430, 441, and 442 nm, respectively upon excitation atλEx= 325 nm. There is also one additional new emission wavelength was found at 345 nm for B50@g-C3N4structure. The blood compatibility test results ofg-C3N4, B50@g-C3N4, P50@g-C3N4, and S50@g-C3N4structures revealed that all materials are blood compatible with <2% hemolysis and >90% blood clotting indices at 100μg ml-1concentration. The cell toxicity of the prepared 2D graphitic structures were also tested on L929 fibroblast cells, and even the heteroatom doped hasg-C3N4structures induce no cytotoxicity was observed with >91% cell viability even at 250μg ml-1particle concentration with the exception of P50@g-C3N4which as >75 viability. Moreover, for 2Dg-C3N4, B50@g-C3N4, and S50@g-C3N4constructs, even at 500μg ml-1concentration, >90% cell viabilities was monitored. As a diagnostic material, B50@g-C3N4was found to have significantly high penetration and distribution abilities into L929 fibroblast cells granting a great potential in fluorescence imaging and bioimaging applications. Furthermore, the elemental doping with B, P, and S ofg-C3N4were found to significantly increase the photodynamic antibacterial activity e.g. more than half of bacterial elimination by heteroatom-doped forms ofg-C3N4under UVA treatment was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Selin Sagbas Suner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Uguz Neli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atif Koca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd, MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Director, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
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13
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Tarighati Sareshkeh A, Seyed Dorraji MS, Karami Z, Shahmoradi S, Fekri E, Daneshvar H, Rasoulifard MH, Karimov DN. Preparation of high-crystalline and non-metal modified g-C 3N 4 for improving ultrasound-accelerated white-LED-light-driven photocatalytic performances. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15079. [PMID: 37699970 PMCID: PMC10497575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a non-metallic organic semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received much attention due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, the photocatalytic activity of this semiconductor faces challenges due to factors such as low electronic conductivity and limited active sites provided on its surface. The morphology and structure of g-C3N4, including macro/micro morphology, crystal structure and electronic structure can affect its catalytic activity. Non-metallic heteroatom doping is considered as an effective method to tune the optical, electronic and other physicochemical properties of g-C3N4. Here, we synthesized non-metal-doped highly crystalline g-C3N4 by one-pot calcination method, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 such as mesoporous nature, reduced band gap, wide-range photousability, improved charge carrier recombination, and the electrical conductivity was improved. Hence, the use of low-power white-LED-light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm) and ultrasound (US) irradiation synergistically engendered the Methylene Blue (MB) mineralization efficiency elevated to 100% within 120 min by following the pseudo-first-order mechanism under the following condition (i.e., pH 11, 0.75 g L-1 of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4, 20 mg L-1 MB, 0.25 ml s-1 O2, and spontaneous raising temperature). In addition, the rapid removal of MB by sonophotocatalysis was 4 times higher than that of primary photocatalysis. And radical scavenging experiments showed that the maximum distribution of active species corresponds to superoxide radical [Formula: see text]. More importantly, the sonophotocatalytic degradation ability of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4 was remarkably sustained even after the sixth consecutive run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Tarighati Sareshkeh
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Seyed Dorraji
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Karami
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shahmoradi
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Fekri
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hoda Daneshvar
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rasoulifard
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Denis N Karimov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 59, 119333, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Zulfiqar A, Zafar F, Yaqub B, Mahmoud HMA, Shah M, Widaa EMA, Nawaz H, Akhtar N, Nishan U. Cobalt oxide modified sulfur and phosphorus Co-doped g-C 3N 4 for screening of urinary human albumin. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:355. [PMID: 37594627 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a heteroatom-doped nanocomposite based on cobalt oxide modified sulfur, phosphorus co-doped carbon nitride (Co3O4/SP-CN) with increased active sites is reported. The synthesized nanocomposite offers surprisingly high electrocatalytic oxidation efficacy toward human albumin (HA) despite its agglomeration. This improved efficacy of Co3O4/SP-CN nanocomposite could be attributed to its increased adsorption sites and surface defects, fast charge transportation capability, and conductivity. Additionally, morphological and compositional analysis of the fabricated Co3O4/SP-CN material has been performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated electrode shows remarkable amperometric response against the HA with a limit of detection of 8.39 nM and linear range of 20-4000 nM at applied potential of 0.25 V versus Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M PBS (pH 8.2). The designed Co3O4/SP-CN electrode has been successfully applied to monitor HA in urine samples of diabetic patient with recovery percentage from 94.1 and 92.1% and with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 5.8 and 7.8%. According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use a Co3O4/SP-CN-based graphitic pencil (GP) electrode for monitoring of HA for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Zulfiqar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Yaqub
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - HassabAlla M A Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, 63311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohibullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Einas M A Widaa
- Department of Physics, Turabah University College, Taif University, Box 11099, Taif, PO, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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15
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Dai L, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Treatment of bisphenol pollutant in water by N,P-co-doped carbon nanosheet: Fast degradation, toxicity elimination and reaction mechanism investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121586. [PMID: 37044253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free carbon catalysts perform well in peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation process for the treatment of organic pollutant-containing wastewater. Herein, a natural biomolecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), containing abundant N and P elements, served as sole precursor to prepare N,P-co-doped carbon through one-step anoxic pyrolysis, which was applied as peroxymonosulfate activator to treat bisphenol-contaminated water. Owing to the endogenous N and P elements in ATP, in-situ doping was achieved for the prepared carbon material with excellent doping effect, such as high doping amount and numerous defects. During pyrolysis process, the generated gases facilitated the exfoliation of carbon structure, resulting in a nanosheet-like morphology with large specific surface area, e.g., 852.75 m2 g-1 for NPCN-900 sample obtained at 900 °C. Benefiting from the structural modulation brought by N,P co-doping, typical sample of NPCN-900 presented excellent catalytic performance towards bisphenol AF (BPAF) degradation through PMS activation. An apparent reaction rate constant of 0.4115 min-1 was calculated under the investigated reaction conditions. Further studies indicated that 1O2, surface-bound •OH and SO4-• worked together in NPCN-900/PMS system for BPAF degradation. Graphitic N, pyrrolic N, CO groups, defect structure and the doped P atoms in NPCN-900 contributed to PMS activation. It was also important that the toxicity of BPAF solution could be preliminarily eliminated after treatment by NPCN-900/PMS system, which was verified by ecotoxicity assessments through ECOSAR program and green algae growth experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Moutai Institute, Renhuai, 564507, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yabo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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16
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Griffin A, Chen G, Robertson M, Wang K, Xiang Y, Qiang Z. Accelerated Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbons Using Plasma. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15781-15789. [PMID: 37151511 PMCID: PMC10157878 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) production usually requires long processing times in the carbonization step to achieve desired temperatures through controlled ramps. To enable expedited materials discovery, developing advanced manufacturing capability with significantly improved throughput is highly desired. Current approaches for accelerating the synthesis of OMCs include using microwave and Joule heating. However, both methods rely on the introduction of additional components, such as microwave absorbers and electrically conductive agents, within the bulk materials to impart the ability to reach high carbonization temperatures. This work demonstrates accelerated synthesis and functionalization of OMCs through the use of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma, where carbonization can be accomplished within 15 min using 30 W plasma sources, representing more than an order of magnitude increase in polymer-to-carbon conversion kinetics compared to that of a traditionally pyrolyzed analogue. Particularly, the ability of performing rapid carbonization without the use of additional substrates within the OMC precursor systems is advantageous. A systematic investigation of how plasma power, time, and gas atmosphere impact the resulting OMC pore textures and properties is performed, demonstrating the broad applicability of plasma-enabled carbonization methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the plasma treatment strategy can be extended to incorporate heteroatoms into the carbon framework by introducing ammonia gas, resulting in OMCs with a nitrogen content up to 4.7 at %, as well as non-Pluronic templating systems for synthesizing OMC with pore sizes larger than 10 nm. As employing a plasma source for materials pyrolysis is an industrially relevant approach, our system can be extended toward scaled synthesis of OMCs with much faster production rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Griffin
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 39406, United States
| | - Genwei Chen
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Mark Robertson
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 39406, United States
| | - Kun Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State
University, Mississippi
State, Mississippi, 39762, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, United
States
| | - Yizhi Xiang
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 39406, United States
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17
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Wang D, Dong S, Fu S, Shen Y, Zeng T, Yu W, Lu X, Wang L, Song S, Ma J. Catalytic ozonation for imazapic degradation over kelp-derived biochar: Promotional role of N- and S-based active sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160473. [PMID: 36455736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is a feasible strategy to prepare reliable biochar catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) processes by using inexpensive, high quality, and easily available raw materials. Here, an environmentally friendly, simple, and green biochar catalyst rich in nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) has been prepared by the pyrolysis of kelp. Compared with directly carbonized kelp biomass (KB), acid-activated KB (KBA) and base-activated KB (KBB) have higher specific surface areas and more extensive porous structures, although only KBB displays effective ozone activation. Imazapic (IMZC), a refractory organic herbicide, was chosen as the target pollutant, which has apparently not hitherto been investigated in the HCO process. Second-order rate constants (k) for the reactions of IMZC with three different reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically kO3, IMZC, kOH, IMZC, and k1O2, IMZC, have been determined as 0.974, 2.48 × 109, and 6.23 × 105 M-1 s-1, respectively. The amounts of graphitic N and thiophene S derived from the intrinsic N and S showed good correlations with the IMZC degradation rate, implicating them as the main active sites. OH and O2- and 1O2 were identified as main ROS in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation system for IMZC degradation. This study exemplified the utilization of endogenous N and S in biological carbon, and provided more options for the application of advanced oxidation processes and the development of marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shiwen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Siqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Weiti Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lizhang Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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18
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Li X, Yoshikawa H, Ishihara K, Miyake K, Uchida Y, Nishiyama N. Solvent-Free Soft-Template Synthesis of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbons via Self-Assembly Promoted by Mg(NO 3) 2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2036-2042. [PMID: 36692084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve the pore uniformity and volume of ordered mesoporous carbons produced by soft templating under solvent-free conditions, magnesium nitrate inorganic salt was incorporated into the precursors during the synthesis. The addition of magnesium nitrate in this procedure lowered the melting point of resorcinol, increased the diffusivity of the resorcinol-Pluronic F127 complex, and promoted self-assembly. The entry of Mg species into the core of the micelle of Pluronic F127 resulted in a modification of the pore structure resembling a channel-like hexagonal structure. In addition, the MgO in the pores effectively prevented the shrinkage of the mesopores under high-temperature conditions. Correspondingly, the uniformity and the mesopore volume of the mesoporous carbon obtained were also enhanced. Moreover, when used as electrodes, this ordered mesoporous carbon was able to significantly increase the capacity of electric double-layer capacitors. Thus, the current study proposes a novel method for regulating the structure and distribution of ordered mesoporous carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshikawa
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kaito Ishihara
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Koji Miyake
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Norikazu Nishiyama
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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19
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Robertson M, Guillen-Obando A, Barbour A, Smith P, Griffin A, Qiang Z. Direct synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials from thermoplastic elastomers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:639. [PMID: 36746971 PMCID: PMC9902477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to manufacture ordered mesoporous materials using low-cost precursors and scalable processes is essential for unlocking their enormous potential to enable advancement in nanotechnology. While templating-based methods play a central role in the development of mesoporous materials, several limitations exist in conventional system design, including cost, volatile solvent consumption, and attainable pore sizes from commercial templating agents. This work pioneers a new manufacturing platform for producing ordered mesoporous materials through direct pyrolysis of crosslinked thermoplastic elastomer-based block copolymers. Specifically, olefinic majority phases are selectively crosslinked through sulfonation reactions and subsequently converted to carbon, while the minority block can be decomposed to form ordered mesopores. We demonstrate that this process can be extended to different polymer precursors for synthesizing mesoporous polymer, carbon, and silica. Furthermore, the obtained carbons possess large mesopores, sulfur-doped carbon framework, with tailorable pore textures upon varying the precursor identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 39406 MS USA
| | - Alejandro Guillen-Obando
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 39406 MS USA
| | - Andrew Barbour
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 39406 MS USA
| | - Paul Smith
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 39406 MS USA
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 39406 MS USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 39406, MS, USA.
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20
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Enhanced electrochemical performances of three-dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon by boron-doping for supercapacitor applications. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Al-Naggar AH, Shinde NM, Kim JS, Mane RS. Water splitting performance of metal and non-metal-doped transition metal oxide electrocatalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Li X, Zhou Y, Deng B, Li J, Xiao Z. Research progress of biomass carbon materials as anode materials for potassium-ion batteries. Front Chem 2023; 11:1162909. [PMID: 37188094 PMCID: PMC10176090 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1162909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar materials have attracted people's attention because of their environmental friendliness, abundant resources, and the use of waste resources for reuse. As a potassium-ion anode material, biomass char materials synthesized by different methods have broad application prospects. However, due to the problems of low initial magnification and limited potassium-storage capacity, it is necessary to improve the electrochemical performance through modifications, such as atomic doping. Atomic doping is an effective way to improve battery conductivity and potassium storage. In this paper, the synthesis method of biochar as an anode material for potassium-ion batteries and the influence of atomic doping on its modification in recent years are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Disciplines of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and Food Homology Innovation Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yimiao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Xiangxing College of Hunan University of Chinese Medicin (Xiangyin Campus), Changsha, China
| | - Bin Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Disciplines of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and Food Homology Innovation Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Disciplines of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and Food Homology Innovation Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuowei Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Disciplines of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and Food Homology Innovation Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zuowei Xiao,
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23
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Wang J, Li X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Xing Z, Li X, Tian K, Wang H, Guo W. Controlled Synthesis of a Hierarchically Porous N‐Doped Carbon Material with Dominantly Pyrrolic Nitrogen Using a Self‐Sacrificial SBA‐15 Template for Increased Supercapacitance. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Xinta Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Bosen Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Zhankun Xing
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Xueai Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Kesong Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
| | - Wanchun Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 P. R. China
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24
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Song Y, Li X, Gao L, Liu Y, Chen W. Preparation of N-doped porous carbon nanofibers derived from their phenolic-resin-based analogues for high performance supercapacitor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Meng F, Wang S, Jiang B, Ju L, Xie H, Jiang W, Ji Q. Coordinated regulation of phosphorus/nitrogen doping in fullerene-derived hollow carbon spheres and their synergistic effect for the oxygen reduction reaction. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10389-10398. [PMID: 35819051 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene-derived carbons have been demonstrated as effective electrode materials for electrocatalytic reactions. The heteroatoms in the carbon matrix are essential to enhance their electrocatalytic performance but are still challenging for effective doping strategies and understanding their synergistic effect. Herein, we regulate the phosphorus/nitrogen (P/N) doping in the carbon structure based on the control mixing of pyritic acid (PA) with the assembled diamine-C60 hollow spheres (N@FHS). After pyrolysis, the carbon spheres are shown to have a homogenous distribution of N and P (NP@CHS). The structural and molecular analysis reveals that the doping of P may facilitate the formation of graphitic N in the carbon framework. When used as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), NP@CHSs exhibit superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in contrast to those of fullerene-derived carbon with single N doping and the commercial Pt/C (20 wt%) catalyst. Density functional theory (DFT) studies indicate that P/N-doping promotes the charge transfer in the carbon structure owing to its strong electronegativity. The enhanced ORR activity should be mainly due to the P- and N-coordinated neighboring C sites with the defective fullerene pentagon ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fancang Meng
- Herbert Gleiter Institute for Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Suwei Wang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Bohong Jiang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute for Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Li Ju
- Herbert Gleiter Institute for Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Qingmin Ji
- Herbert Gleiter Institute for Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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26
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Ye W, Wang H, Shen J, Khan S, Zhong Y, Ning J, Hu Y. Halogen-based functionalized chemistry engineering for high-performance supercapacitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Shaheen Shah S, Abu Nayem SM, Sultana N, Saleh Ahammad AJ, Abdul Aziz M. Preparation of Sulfur-doped Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202101282. [PMID: 34747127 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical capacitors, also known as supercapacitors (SCs), have lately played an important role in energy storage and conversion systems due to their specific characteristics such as high strength, durability, and environmental friendliness. A wide range of materials is used as electrodes for SC applications because the electrochemical efficiency is primarily determined by the electrode materials used. Carbonaceous materials with unique surface, chemical, electrochemical, and electronic characteristics have become attractive for energy storage research, but they cannot meet the rising need for high specific energy and specific power. Besides, heteroatom-doped carbon materials have shown pseudocapacitance characteristics and improved specific energy, specific power, and conductivity. This makes them more adaptable in SC application. Among different heteroatom doping of carbon, S-doped carbon has gained considerable attention in SC applications due to its unpaired electrons and easily polarizable nature. S-doped carbon materials-based SCs have demonstrated enhanced surface wettability, improved conductivity, and induced pseudocapacitance effect, thereby delivering improved specific energy and specific power. Many reports on S-doped carbon for SC applications have been published, but there is no specific Review on the preparation of S-doped carbon for SC applications. This Review focuses on recent developments in the field of SC electrodes made from S-doped carbon materials. Herein, the preparation methods and applications of S-doped carbon for SCs were summarized following a brief discussion of different electrochemical characterization techniques of SCs. Finally, the challenges of S-doped carbon materials and their potential prospects were discussed to give crucial insights into the favorable factors for future innovations of SC electrodes. This Review aims to provide insight for further research on the preparation of S-doped carbon for electrochemical energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shaheen Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5047, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Abu Nayem
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - A J Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Abstract
Renewable resources and their byproducts are becoming of growing interest for alternative energy. Here, we have demonstrated the use of Arkansas’ most important crop, soy, as a carbon precursor for the synthesis of carbonized activated materials for supercapacitor applications. Different soy products (soymeal, defatted soymeal, soy flour and soy protein isolate) were converted into carbonized carbon and co-doped with phosphorus and nitrogen simultaneously, using a facile and time-effective microwave synthesis method. Ammonium polyphosphate was used as a doping agent which also absorbs microwave radiation. The surface morphology of the resulting carbonized materials was characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was also performed, which revealed the presence of a heteroelemental composition, along with different functional groups at the surface of the carbonized materials. Raman spectroscopy results depicted the presence of both a graphitic and defect carbon peak, with defect ratios of over one. The electrochemical performance of the materials was recorded using cyclic voltammetry in various electrolytes including acids, bases and salts. Among all the other materials, soymeal exhibited the highest specific capacitance value of 127 F/g in acidic electrolytes. These economic materials can be further tuned by changing the doping elements and their mole ratios to attain exceptional surface characteristics with improved specific capacitance values, in order to boost the economy of Arkansas, USA.
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