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Obelenwa UC, Ugwuanyi JO. Development of Bacteria biofertilizers using locally isolated rhizosphere populations and agricultural refuse and their impacts on growth of local test crops. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1248-1258. [PMID: 36382650 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2145265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofertilizers are the preparations of live microorganisms added to the root, seed or soil to promote plant growth. In this study, Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria able to solubilize insoluble phosphate (P) and potassium (K) forms were isolated, characterized and identified. Two isolates that demonstrated excellent solubilization of potassium or phosphate from abundant and bio-available waste biomass (rice husk and cattle bone) were used to produce biofertilizers by solid-state fermentation. The biofertilizers were applied to grow three food security crops, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, and Arachis hypogea, in a screenhouse, and monitored for growth impacts. Treatments A, B, and A + B biofertilizers caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plant dry weights. The highest microbial colonization was obtained from treatment A + B (for S. lycopersicum) with a microbial count (log 2.89 (108) cfu/g), whereas treatment with B (for A. hypogea) had the least microbial count (log 2.73 (108) cfu/g). Maximum values of experimental parameters: shoot height, leaf number, plant dry weight and leaf width were obtained with the combined application of both biofertilizers. P and K solubilizing PGPB have shown potential for use as biofertilizers in growing these key crops under the soil conditions and in the environment studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Chidimma Obelenwa
- Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Boniardi G, Turolla A, Fiameni L, Gelmi E, Bontempi E, Canziani R. Phosphorus recovery from a pilot-scale grate furnace: influencing factors beyond wet chemical leaching conditions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2525-2538. [PMID: 35576251 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource going to be exhausted in the future. Sewage sludge ash is a promising secondary raw material due to its high phosphorus content. In this work, the distribution of 19 elements in bottom and cyclone ashes from pilot-scale grate furnace have been monitored to determine the suitability for the phosphorus acid extraction. Moreover, the influence of some parameters beyond wet chemical leaching conditions were investigated. Experimental results showed that bottom ash presented lower contamination in comparison to cyclone ash and low co-dissolution of heavy metals (especially Cr, Pb and Ni), while high phosphorus extraction efficiencies (76-86%) were achieved. High Al content in the bottom ash (9.4%) negatively affected the phosphorus extraction efficiency as well as loss on ignition, while the particle size reduction was necessary for ensuring a suitable contact surface. The typology of precipitating agents did not strongly affect the phosphorus precipitation, while pH was the key parameter. At pH 3.5-5, phosphorus precipitation efficiencies higher than 90% were achieved, with a mean phosphorus content in the recovered material equal to 16-17%, comparable to commercial fertilizers. Instead, the co-precipitation of Fe and Al had a detrimental effect on the recovered material, indicating the need for additional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boniardi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 21, 20133, Milano, Italy E-mail:
| | - A Turolla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 21, 20133, Milano, Italy E-mail:
| | - L Fiameni
- INSTM and University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Gelmi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 21, 20133, Milano, Italy E-mail:
| | - E Bontempi
- INSTM and University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Canziani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 21, 20133, Milano, Italy E-mail:
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Boniardi G, Turolla A, Fiameni L, Gelmi E, Malpei F, Bontempi E, Canziani R. Assessment of a simple and replicable procedure for selective phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ashes by wet chemical extraction and precipitation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131476. [PMID: 34265709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The selective phosphorus recovery by wet chemical extraction and precipitation was assessed at the laboratory scale aiming at identifying a simple and replicable procedure that could be effectively applied to different types of sewage sludge ashes. The experimental work was performed on five samples of sewage sludge ashes, of which three were obtained from muffle-furnace incineration and two from full-scale mono-incineration plants. A single-step extraction procedure has been investigated by applying different operating conditions (type of leaching acid, liquid-to-solid ratio, contact time). Experimental results indicated that phosphorus recovery efficiency varied between 54 and 92% with limited co-dissolution of metals and metalloids, except for arsenic. Operating conditions, sewage sludge ashes characteristics and phosphorus removal processes in the wastewater treatment plant were the main factors affecting phosphorus recovery efficiency. The application of optimal operating conditions (0.2 M sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 and contact time of 2 h) resulted in phosphorus recovery from 76 to 92% on four samples. Subsequently, precipitation of phosphorus from acidic leachate was carried out by lime dosing. After filtering and drying, the recovered products presented a P2O5 content between 11.5 and 36.7% dry weight, with a fraction of soluble phosphorus between 75 and 91%, a good percentage for application as fertilizer or animal feed. Since few undesired elements (i.e., As, Cu and Zn) exceeded the limits for fertilizer application (exception was represented by Ni and Pb, which were present at low concentration), an additional purification step may be required. Overall, experimental results highlighted the influence of process parameters on phosphorus recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Boniardi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Fiameni
- INSTM and University of Brescia, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (DIMI), Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Gelmi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Malpei
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and University of Brescia, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (DIMI), Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Canziani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Zanoletti A, Cornelio A, Bontempi E. A post-pandemic sustainable scenario: What actions can be pursued to increase the raw materials availability? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111681. [PMID: 34273363 PMCID: PMC9749895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
On January 30, 2020, COVID-19 outbreak, detected for the first time in Wuhan (China), was declared by WHO a Public Health Emergency. In a strongly connected world, the consequent slowdown of the Chinese economy contributed to disrupt the global supply chains of several products. In a post-pandemic scenario, the expected rapid increase in demand of critical raw materials (associated with the transition to more green energy sources), coupled with the problems that some mining activities are relegated only in certain countries and regions, must be considered in a sustainable perspective. This work analyses the literature about (critical) raw materials and COVID-19, not only to present the impact of the pandemic on their supply, but also to propose some actions that should be pursued in a post-pandemic renaissance scenario, to increase raw materials availability, with great attention to most critical ones, in the frame of circular economy principles. The post-pandemic possibilities are evaluated and suitable actions are suggested to secure the raw materials availability for the foreseen increase of investments in crucial and strategic sectors, in accord with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The proposed actions can be summarized as policy, strategy, economy, and technology activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Cornelio
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Fiameni L, Fahimi A, Marchesi C, Sorrentino GP, Zanoletti A, Moreira K, Valentim B, Predeanu G, Depero LE, Bontempi E. Phosphorous and Silica Recovery from Rice Husk Poultry Litter Ash: A Sustainability Analysis Using a Zero-Waste Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6297. [PMID: 34771827 PMCID: PMC8585221 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate rocks are a critical resource for the European Union, and alternative sources to assure the future production of a new generation of fertilizers are to be assessed. In this study, a statistical approach, combined with a sustainability evaluation for the recovery of materials from waste containing phosphorus (P), is presented. This work proposes a strategy to recover P and silica (SiO2) from rice husk poultry litter ash (RHPLA). The design of experiment (DoE) method was applied to maximize the P extraction using hydrochloric acid (HCl), with the aim to minimize the contamination that can occur by leachable heavy metals present in RHPLA, such as zinc (Zn). Two independent variables, the molar concentration of the acid, and the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) between the acid and RHPLA, were used in the experimental design to optimize the operating parameters. The statistical analysis showed that a HCl concentration of 0.34 mol/L and an L/S ratio of 50 are the best conditions to recover P with low Zn contamination. Concerning the SiO2, its content in RHPLA is too low to consider the proposed recovery process as advantageous. However, based on our analysis, this process should be sustainable to recover SiO2 when its content in the starting materials is more than 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fiameni
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Ario Fahimi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Claudio Marchesi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Giampiero Pasquale Sorrentino
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Karen Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Bruno Valentim
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Georgeta Predeanu
- Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly Technologies, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1, Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura Eleonora Depero
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
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