1
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Wang Y, Yu JN, Wang Y, Shi F. Intermolecular α-Functionalization of Benzylamides with N-Nucleophiles via Oxidative Umpolung: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 3,3'-Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:6041-6046. [PMID: 38973673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A hypervalent iodine-mediated intermolecular α-umpolung reaction between α-aryl- or alkyl-substituted amides and benzotriazoles or purine derivatives as N-centered nucleophiles has been established. The reaction involves sequential intra/intermolecular oxidative C-N couplings in a controlled manner, affording tetrasubstituted 3,3'-oxindoles in moderate to good yields. This approach efficiently addresses the challenges in constructing tetrasubstituted carbon centers via α-umpolung functionalizations of carbonyl compounds and serves as a new strategy for synthesizing biologically important 3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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2
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Ye ZP, Guo M, Ye YQ, Yuan CP, Wang HL, Yang JS, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Iodine(III)-Mediated Trifluoroacetylation of a C(sp 2)-H or C(sp)-H Bond with Masked Trifluoroacyl Reagents. Org Lett 2024; 26:5196-5201. [PMID: 38858221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel strategy for incorporating a trifluoroacetyl functionality into a range of structurally varied unsaturated bonds was developed by using PhI(OCOMe)2 as an oxidant with a masked trifluoroacyl reagent as a trifluoroacetyl radical precursor. The oxidative decarboxylation of the masked trifluoroacyl precursor followed by a tandem radical process provides versatile access to 5-exo-trig cyclization of N-arylacrylamides, direct C(sp2)-H trifluoroacetylation of quinolines, isoquinoline, 2H-indazole, and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, and C(sp)-H trifluoroacetylation of alkynes. This protocol is characterized by mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, and broad functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Meng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Song Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
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3
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Sedikides A, Lennox AJJ. Silver-Catalyzed ( Z)-β-Fluoro-vinyl Iodonium Salts from Alkynes: Efficient and Selective Syntheses of Z-Monofluoroalkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15672-15680. [PMID: 38829699 PMCID: PMC11177317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Monofluoroalkenes are stable and lipophilic amide bioisosteres used in medicinal chemistry. However, efficient and stereoselective methods for synthesizing Z-monofluoroalkenes are underdeveloped. We envisage (Z)-β-fluoro-vinyl iodonium salts (Z-FVIs) as coupling partners for the diverse and stereoselective synthesis of Z-monofluoroalkenes. Disclosed herein is the development and application of a silver(I)-catalyzed process for accessing a broad scope of (Z)-FVIs with exclusive Z-stereoselectivity and regioselectivity from alkynes in a single step. Experimental and computational studies provide insight into the mechanism of the catalytic cycle and the role of the silver(I) catalyst, and the reactivity of (Z)-FVIs is explored through several stereospecific derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi
T. Sedikides
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. J. Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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4
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He Y, Li Y, Ma X, Zhou X, Huang Y, Sun J. Aryliodonium Salt-Induced Regioselective Access to meta-Substituted Anilines by Arylation of Azoles. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38385662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient aryliodonium salt-induced regioselective access to meta-substituted anilines by arylation of azoles has been developed under catalyst-free conditions. This efficient transformation provides a facile and scalable approach to a wide range of biologically active N-arylazoles with moderate to high yields. According to the control experiments, two plausible pathways, including a Michael pathway and a free radical coupling pathway, for the reaction were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xiangmei Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yekai Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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5
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Lanzi M, Wencel-Delord J. Diaryl hypervalent bromines and chlorines: synthesis, structures and reactivities. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1557-1569. [PMID: 38303936 PMCID: PMC10829020 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of modern organic chemistry, hypervalent compounds have become indispensable tools for synthetic chemists, finding widespread applications in both academic research and industrial settings. While iodine-based reagents have historically dominated this research field, recent focus has shifted to the potent yet relatively unexplored chemistry of diaryl λ3-bromanes and -chloranes. Despite their unique reactivities, the progress in their development and application within organic synthesis has been hampered by the absence of straightforward, reliable, and widely applicable preparative methods. However, recent investigations have uncovered innovative approaches and novel reactivity patterns associated with these specialized compounds. These discoveries suggest that we have only begun to tap into their potential, implying that there is much more to be explored in this captivating area of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lanzi
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire etApplications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université deStrasbourg/Université deHaute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire etApplications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université deStrasbourg/Université deHaute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, JMU Würzburg Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
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6
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Fujino T, Hyodo T, Otani Y, Yamaguchi K, Ohwada T. Stabilization of sp-Hybridized Nitrogen Cation by Lewis Acid-Base Complex Formation with Intramolecular Iodine. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303393. [PMID: 37984364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that the sp-hybridized nitrogen cation is strongly stabilized by a peri-iodine substituent in the tetralone system. The cation is captured by anionic species such as CF3 CO2 - , affording hypervalent iodine(III) compounds with a short nitrogen-iodine (N-I) bond, in which the cation serves as a Lewis acid. Notably, the O-I bond of the O-trifluoroacetate or O-acetate is intrinsically weaker than the N-I bond due to its more ionic character and is further weakened by protonation in trifluoroacetic acid. As a result, the oxygen ligand can dissociate in the presence of a Brønsted acid, affording a I+ cation intermediate that retains the N-I bond. We isolated the cation as the tetrafluoroborate, and characterized it experimentally by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis, and theoretically by means of DFT calculation. The results suggest that the N-I bonded cation is intrinsically stable, and is weakly coordinated with water and the BF4 counter anion or trifluoroacetate anion. This cation can be employed as a reagent for α-oxidation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fujino
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Yuko Otani
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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7
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Varala R, Seema V, Alam MM, Dubasi N, Vummadi RD. Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in Organic Synthesis: A Septennial Review. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:607-664. [PMID: 37861006 DOI: 10.2174/0115701794263252230924074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews the oxidative applications of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in organic synthesis, focusing on C-H functionalization, hetero-hetero bond formations, ring cleavage reactions, dehydrogenation, heterocyclic ring formations, and some miscellaneous reactions in a comprehensive and critical way. It compiles the literature starting from mid-2015 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Varala
- Scrips Pharma, Mallapur, Hyderabad, 500 076, Telangana, India
| | - Vittal Seema
- Department of Chemistry, RGUKT Basar, Mudhole 504 107, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammed Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rama Devi Vummadi
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (CBIT), Gandipet, Hyderabad, 500075, Telangana, India
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8
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Lemmerer M, Maulide N. Lewis Base-assisted Arylation of Unsaturated Carbonyls. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302490. [PMID: 37647146 PMCID: PMC10947297 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of Lewis bases with α,β-unsaturated carbonyls allows the in-situ generation of enolates without the need for strong Brønsted bases. Recently developed synthetic methods employ this approach for arylation followed by elimination of the Lewis base, regenerating the alkene. This strategy has been deployed for formal α- or β-C-H arylation in different contexts, namely (a) transition metal catalysis, (b) rearrangement reactions utilizing hypervalent main group elements and (c) organocatalysis. This concept article provides an overview of the developed strategies, highlighting and contextualizing their features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Lemmerer
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
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9
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Ye ZP, Yang JS, Yang SJ, Guo M, Yuan CP, Ye YQ, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Visible-Light-Induced, Catalyst-Free Monofluoromethyl Sulfonylation of Alkenes with Iodine(III) Reagent and DABSO. Org Lett 2023; 25:7062-7066. [PMID: 37726866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced radical relay strategy to access heterocycles bearing a monofluoromethylsufonyl moiety is reported, with PhI(OCOCH2F)2 as the CH2F radical precursor and DABSO as the SO2 source. A range of oxindoles, containing a CH2FSO2CH2- group at the C3 position, were synthesized from N-arylacrylamides in up to 97% yields. The protocol features catalyst-free photochemical tandem, mild reaction conditions, broad functional group compatibility, and good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Song Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Si-Jia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Meng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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10
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Pu E, Li L, Ye S, Wei L, Ma G, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Chen J. Iodine(III)-Mediated C-C Bond Coupling to Construct Spirocyclic Indolenines of Various Ring Sizes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3533-3538. [PMID: 37154601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel iodine(III)-mediated intramolecular dearomative spirocyclization of indole derivatives to generate highly strained spirocyclobutyl, spirocyclopentyl, and spirocyclohexyl indolenines in moderate to good yields. A set of structurally novel, densely functionalized spiroindolenines with broad functional group compatibility was efficiently constructed in this way under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the β-enamine ester as a versatile functional group in the product provides great convenience for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and related natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanren Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxiong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Enfan Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Silei Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Longsheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guolan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yushun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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11
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Ghosh A, Lipisa YB, Fridman N, Szpilman AM. 2-Nitro-cyclopropyl-1-carbonyl Compounds from Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Nitromethane via Enolonium Species. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1977-1987. [PMID: 36749318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
2-Nitrocyclopropanes bearing ketones, amides, esters, and carboxylic acids in the 1 position may be accessed as single diastereoisomers in one operation from the corresponding unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The source of the nitro-methylene component is nitromethane. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under mild conditions. The products may be converted into, e.g., cyclopropyl-amino acids in a single step. Both nitrocyclopropanes and amino-cyclopropanes are unique moieties found in biologically active compounds and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Yuriy B Lipisa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Alex M Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
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12
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Maity S, Szpilman AM. 2-Fluoroenones via an Umpolung Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of Enones. Org Lett 2023; 25:1218-1222. [PMID: 36779928 PMCID: PMC9972470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Several methods have been reported for the formation of 2-fluoroenones. However, all these methods involve laborious multiple-step sequences with resulting low overall yields. In this paper, we report the first formal enone-α-H to F substitution, leading to 2-fluoroenones in a single step from ubiquitous enones in 63-90% yield. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of aromatic and alkenyl enones and is carried out at room temperature using HF-pyridine complex as the fluoride source. Mechanistic investigations support that the reaction takes place through a rare umpolung Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type mechanism.
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13
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Deguchi H, Hanaya K, Sugai T, Higashibayashi S. Intramolecular cyclization of m-homoprenylphenols through oxidative nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:748-751. [PMID: 36541374 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed an intramolecular cyclization of m-homoprenylphenols and related m-prenylphenols to bicyclic skeletons by hypervalent iodine reagents through an oxidative nucleophilic aromatic substitution using the prenyl group as a carbon nucleophile. The reaction was applicable for the syntheses of 5/6-, 6/6-, and 7/6-fused ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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14
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Vittal S, Mujahid Alam M, Hussien M, Amanullah M, Pisal PM, Ravi V. Applications of Phenyliodine(III)diacetate in C−H Functionalization and Hetero‐Hetero Bond Formations: A Septennial Update. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Vittal
- Department of Chemistry RGUKT Basar Mudhole 504107, Nirmal, Telangana India
| | - Mohammed Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University, PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University, PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Pesticide Formulation Department Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, ARC, Dokki Giza 12618 Egypt
| | - Mohammed Amanullah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College Medicine King Khalid University, PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Parshuram M. Pisal
- School of Chemical Science Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255, Maharashtra India
| | - Varala Ravi
- Scrips Pharma, Mallapur Hyderabad 500076, Telangana India
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15
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Linde E, Knippenberg N, Olofsson B. Synthesis of Cyclic and Acyclic ortho-Aryloxy Diaryliodonium Salts for Chemoselective Functionalizations. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202453. [PMID: 36083826 PMCID: PMC10092902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two regioselective, high-yielding one-pot routes to oxygen-bridged cyclic diaryliodonium salts and ortho-aryloxy-substituted acyclic diaryliodonium salts are presented. Starting from easily available ortho-iodo diaryl ethers, complete selectivity in formation of either the cyclic or acyclic product could be achieved by varying the reaction conditions. The complimentary reactivities of these novel ortho-oxygenated iodonium salts were demonstrated through a series of chemoselective arylations under metal-catalyzed and metal-free conditions, to deliver a range of novel, ortho-functionalized diaryl ether derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Linde
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Knippenberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Jia H, Ritter T. α-Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α-Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208978. [PMID: 35895980 PMCID: PMC9804271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report an α-thianthrenium carbonyl species, as the equivalent of an α-carbonyl carbocation, which is generated by the radical conjugate addition of a trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salt to Michael acceptors. The reactivity allows for the synthesis of Cα -tetrasubstituted α- and β-amino acid analogues via a Ritter reaction by addition of acetonitrile. Addition of hydroxide, methoxide, and even fluoride can afford α-heteroatom substituted α-phenylpropanoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany,Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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17
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García‐Vázquez V, Carretero Cerdán A, Sanz‐Marco A, Gómez‐Bengoa E, Martín‐Matute B. An Expedient Method for the Umpolung Coupling of Enols with Heteronucleophiles**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201000. [PMID: 35638139 PMCID: PMC9400875 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an unprecedented and general umpolung protocol that allows the functionalization of silyl enol ethers and of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with a large range of heteroatom nucleophiles, including carboxylic acids, alcohols, primary and secondary amines, azide, thiols, and also anionic carbamates derived from CO2. The scope of the reaction also extends to carbon‐based nucleophiles. The reaction relies on the use of 1‐bromo‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐1λ3[d][1,2]iodaoxole, which provides a key α‐brominated carbonyl intermediate. The reaction mechanism has been studied experimentally and by DFT, and we propose formation of an unusual enolonium intermediate with a halogen‐bonded bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Carretero Cerdán
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz‐Marco
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Enrique Gómez‐Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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18
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Jia H, Ritter T. α‐Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α‐Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Department of Organic Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
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19
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Liang Y, Peng B. Revisiting Aromatic Claisen Rearrangement Using Unstable Aryl Sulfonium/Iodonium Species: The Strategy of Breaking Up the Whole into Parts. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2103-2122. [PMID: 35861672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusSince Ludwig Claisen's discovery of the sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl aryl ethers in 1912, aromatic Claisen rearrangement has continuously attracted the attention of both experimental and theoretical chemists. Over more than a century of growth, this protocol has proven to be a practical and powerful synthetic tool in many aspects. However, the reaction scope has long been limited to aryl ethers and their S or N analogs until the serendipitous discovery of aromatic iodonium-Claisen rearrangement by Oh et al. in 1988 and the development of aromatic sulfonium-Claisen rearrangement by Kita et al. in 2004. Unlike traditional Claisen rearrangements, these hypervalent-bonding-based Claisen-type rearrangements can be performed by simply mixing electrophilically activated aryl sulfoxides/iodanes with certain nucleophiles to directly deliver rearrangement products. In addition to the simple operation, remarkable features, such as readily available substrates, valuable products and intriguing rearrangement patterns, have led to a dramatic resurgence of this rearrangement chemistry.In this Account, we summarize our recent works on developing new aromatic rearrangement modes using sulfonium/iodonium reagents. Interestingly, the program started with an accidental discovery that aryl sulfoxides could be coupled with alkyl nitriles in the presence of Tf2O and base. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds in three major steps, including the Tf2O-triggered assembly of both coupling partners, base-promoted deprotonation of in situ-generated aryl sulfonium-imine species leading to a key rearrangement precursor called aryl sulfonium-ketenimine species, and subsequent facile and rapid [3,3]-rearrangement. On the basis of the mechanistic underpinning, we divided the one-step operation into two steps called the "assembly/deprotonation" protocol for constructing unstable rearrangement precursors. Most notably, the switch from the commonly used one-step to mechanism-based multiple-step manipulation, which can be termed "breaking up the whole into parts", not only enables the independent control of each step of the reaction, thus significantly expanding the accessible synthetic scope, but also raises opportunities for developing new rearrangement patterns. For example, the "assembly/deprotonation" protocol has also been applied to the development of [5,5]-rearrangement of aryl sulfoxides and the asymmetric rearrangement of aryl iodanes, thus enabling the unprecedented regio- and stereocontrol of the rearrangement process. Furthermore, the "breaking up the whole into parts" thinking triggered us to merge the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction into the rearrangement process to accomplish Z-selective MBH-type [3,3]-rearrangement of α,β-unsaturated nitriles and E-selective MBH-type [3,3]-rearrangement of α,β-unsaturated 2-oxazolines, which expands the scope of rearrangement partners to include α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. In addition, the impressive rapidity of the rearrangement process found in our initial discovery has also been recognized as a congestion-acceleration effect, which was further utilized to forge the rapid ortho-cyanoalkylative rearrangement of aryl iodanes, and thus leading to the first dearomatization of aryl iodanes. We anticipate that our protocols and ideas behind the methods will be complementary to the traditional thinking of the aromatic Claisen rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua321004, China
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20
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Sun Z, Xue S, Zhang Y, Xin S, Guo R, Shi X, Fu Y, Guo H, Liu Y, Wang L. λ 3-Iodane/Lewis Acid Mediated Intramolecular Cross-Nucleophile Coupling of β-Amino Acrylates: Chemodivergent Syntheses of Indole Alkaloidal Frameworks. Org Lett 2022; 24:5381-5385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fu
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Huicai Guo
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
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21
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Segura-Quezada LA, Torres-Carbajal KR, Juárez-Ornelas KA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Ortiz-Alvarado R, Dohi T, Solorio-Alvarado CR. Iodine(III) reagents for oxidative aromatic halogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5009-5034. [PMID: 35703407 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine(III) reagents have attracted chemical relvance in organic synthesis by their use as safe, non-toxic, green and easy to handle reagents in different transformations. These characteristics make them important alternatives to procedures involving hazardous and harsh reaction conditions. Their versatility as oxidants has been exploited in the functionalization of different aromatic cores, which allow the introduction of several groups. Metal-free arylation using iodine(III) reagents is by far one of the most described topics in the literature; however, other highly relevant non-aromatic groups have been also introduced. Herein, we summarize the most representative developed procedures for the functionalization of aryls and heteroaryls by introducing halogens, using different iodine(III) reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Segura-Quezada
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Karina R Torres-Carbajal
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Kevin A Juárez-Ornelas
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Angel J Alonso-Castro
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Rafael Ortiz-Alvarado
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Tzintzuntzan 173, col. Matamoros, Morelia, Mich., Mexico.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - César R Solorio-Alvarado
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
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22
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Golub TP, Abazid AH, Nachtsheim BJ, Merten C. Structure Elucidation of
In Situ
Generated Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Complexes via Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204624. [PMID: 35570718 PMCID: PMC10084129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure of in situ generated chiral aryl-λ3 -iodanes obtained under oxidative reaction conditions was not yet observable with experimental techniques and their proposed structures are purely based on DFT calculations. Herein, we establish vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy as an experimental technique to verify DFT-calculated chiral iodane structures. Based on a chiral triazole-substituted iodoarene catalyst, we were able to elucidate a yet undescribed cationic chiral iodane as the most populated intermediate under oxidative conditions with a significant intramolecular N-I-interaction and no significant interactions with tosylate or m-chlorobenzoic acid as potential anionic ligands. Instead, aggregation of these substrates was found, which resulted in the formation of a non-coordinating anionic hydrogen bonded complex. The importance of VCD as a crucial experimental observable is further highlighted by the fact that our initial structural proposal, that was purely based on DFT calculations, could be falsified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino P. Golub
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ayham H. Abazid
- Universität Bremen Fachbereich 2—Biologie und Chemie, Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie Germany
| | - Boris J. Nachtsheim
- Universität Bremen Fachbereich 2—Biologie und Chemie, Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie Germany
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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23
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Golub TP, Abazid AH, Nachtsheim BJ, Merten C. Strukturaufklärung eines chiralen
in situ
erzeugten hypervalentem Iod‐Komplex mittels VCD‐Spektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tino P. Golub
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Ayham H. Abazid
- Universität Bremen Fachbereich 2 – Biologie und Chemie, Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie (Deutschland)
| | - Boris J. Nachtsheim
- Universität Bremen Fachbereich 2 – Biologie und Chemie, Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie (Deutschland)
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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24
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Zhang Q, Liang Y, Li R, Huang Z, Kong L, Du P, Peng B. Sulfur(iv)-mediated umpolung α-heterofunctionalization of 2-oxazolines. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5164-5170. [PMID: 35655558 PMCID: PMC9093176 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00476c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-umpolung of carbonyl compounds significantly expands the boundaries of traditional carbonyl chemistry. Despite various umpolung methods available today, reversing the inherent reactivity of carbonyls still remains a substantial challenge. In this article, we report the first use of sulfonium salts, in lieu of well-established hypervalent iodines, for the carbonyl umpolung event. The protocol enables the incorporation of a wide variety of heteroatom nucleophiles into the α-carbon of 2-oxazolines. The success of this investigation hinges on the following factors: (1) the use of sulfoxides, which are abundant, structurally diverse and tunable, and easily accessible, ensures the identification of a superior oxidant namely phenoxathiin sulfoxide for the umpolung reaction; (2) the "assembly/deprotonation" protocol previously developed for rearrangement reactions in our laboratory was successfully applied here for the construction of α-umpoled 2-oxazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Yuchen Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Peng Du
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University China
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25
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Linde E, Bulfield D, Kervefors G, Purkait N, Olofsson B. Diarylation of N- and O-nucleophiles through a metal-free cascade reaction. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Karandikar SS, Bhattacharjee A, Metze BE, Javaly N, Valente EJ, McCormick TM, Stuart DR. Orbital analysis of bonding in diarylhalonium salts and relevance to periodic trends in structure and reactivity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6532-6540. [PMID: 35756513 PMCID: PMC9172531 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarylhalonium compounds provide new opportunities as reagents and catalysts in the field of organic synthesis. The three center, four electron (3c–4e) bond is a center piece of their reactivity, but structural variation among the diarylhaloniums, and in comparison with other λ3-iodanes, indicates that the model needs refinement for broader applicability. We use a combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) Theory, and X-ray structure data to correlate bonding and structure for a λ3-iodane and a series of diarylchloronium, bromonium, and iodonium salts, and their isoelectronic diarylchalcogen counterparts. This analysis reveals that the s-orbital on the central halogen atom plays a greater role in the 3c–4e bond than previously considered. Finally, we show that our revised bonding model and associated structures account for both kinetic and thermodynamic reactivity for both acyclic phenyl(mesityl)halonium and cyclic dibenzohalolium salts. A revised bonding model for diarylhalonium salts, that involves partial s-orbital contribution, provides new insight into periodic trends in structure and reactivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avik Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Bryan E. Metze
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Nicole Javaly
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Edward J. Valente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA
| | | | - David R. Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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27
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Nguyen NH, Oh SM, Park CM, Shin S. Ortho-selective C–H arylation of phenols with N-carboxyindoles under Brønsted acid- or Cu(i)-catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1169-1176. [PMID: 35211284 PMCID: PMC8790926 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06157g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Control over chemo- and regioselectivity is a critical issue in the heterobiaryl synthesis via C–H oxidative coupling. To address this challenge, a strategy to invert the normal polarity of indoles in the heterobiaryl coupling was developed. With N-carboxyindoles as umpoled indoles, an exclusively ortho-selective coupling with phenols has been realized, employing a Brønsted acid- or Cu(i)-catalyst (as low as 0.01 mol%). A range of phenols and N-carboxyindoles coupled with exceptional efficiency and selectivity at ambient temperature and the substrates bearing redox-active aryl halides (–Br and –I) smoothly coupled in an orthogonal manner. Notably, preliminary examples of atropselective heterobiaryl coupling have been demonstrated, based on a chiral disulfonimide or a Cu(i)/chiral bisphosphine catalytic system. The reaction was proposed to occur through SN2′ substitution or a Cu(i)–Cu(iii) cycle, with Brønsted acid or Cu(i) catalysts, respectively. Control over chemo- and regioselectivity is a critical issue in the heterobiaryl synthesis via C–H oxidative coupling. To address this challenge, a strategy to invert the normal polarity of indoles was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Soo Min Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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28
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Kumar R, Nguyen QH, Um TW, Shin S. Recent Progress in Enolonium Chemistry under Metal-Free Conditions. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100172. [PMID: 34418282 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Umpolung approach through inversion of the polarity of conventional enolates, has opened up an unprecedented opportunity in the cross-coupling via alkylation. The enolonium equivalents can be accessed either by hypervalent iodine reagents, activation/oxidation of amides, or the oxidation of alkynes. Under umpolung conditions, highly basic conditions required for classical enolate chemistry can be avoided, and they can couple with unmodified nucleophiles such as heteroatom donors and electron-rich arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Quynh H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Um
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
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29
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Chen WW, Fernández NP, Baranda MD, Cunillera A, Rodríguez LG, Shafir A, Cuenca AB. Exploring benzylic gem-C(sp 3)-boron-silicon and boron-tin centers as a synthetic platform. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10514-10521. [PMID: 34447544 PMCID: PMC8356736 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A stepwise build-up of multi-substituted Csp3 carbon centers is an attractive, conceptually simple, but often synthetically challenging type of disconnection. To this end, this report describes how gem-α,α-dimetalloid-substituted benzylic reagents bearing boron/silicon or boron/tin substituent sets are an excellent stepping stone towards diverse substitution patterns. These gem-dimetalloids were readily accessed, either by known carbenoid insertion into C-B bonds or by the newly developed scalable deprotonation/metallation approach. Highly chemoselective transformations of either the C-Si (or C-Sn) or the C-B bonds in the newly formed gem-Csp3 centers have been achieved through a set of approaches, with a particular focus on exploiting the synthetically versatile polarity reversal in organometalloids by λ3-aryliodanes. Of particular note is the metal-free arylation of the C-Si (or C-Sn) bonds in such gem-dimetalloids via the iodane-guided C-H coupling approach. DFT calculations show that this transfer of the (α-Bpin)benzyl group proceeds via unusual [5,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement and is driven by the high-energy iodine(iii) center. As a complementary tool, the gem-dimetalloid C-B bond is shown to undergo a potent and chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura arylation with diverse Ar-Cl, thanks to the development of the reactive gem-α,α-silyl/BF3K building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei W Chen
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL Vía Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC c/ Jordi Girona 20 Barcelona 08034 Spain
| | - Nahiane Pipaon Fernández
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL Vía Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
| | - Marta Díaz Baranda
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL Vía Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC c/ Jordi Girona 20 Barcelona 08034 Spain
| | - Anton Cunillera
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC c/ Jordi Girona 20 Barcelona 08034 Spain
| | - Laura G Rodríguez
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL Vía Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC c/ Jordi Girona 20 Barcelona 08034 Spain
| | - Alexandr Shafir
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC c/ Jordi Girona 20 Barcelona 08034 Spain
| | - Ana B Cuenca
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL Vía Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
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30
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Shan QC, Hu LM, Qin W, Hu XH. Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Nucleophile Coupling of β-Allenyl Silanes with Tertiary C-H Bonds: A Radical Approach to Branched 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2021; 23:6041-6045. [PMID: 34279969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a distinctive approach to branched 1,3-dienes through oxidative coupling of two nucleophilic substrates, β-allenyl silanes, and hydrocarbons appending latent functionality by copper catalysis. Notably, C(sp3)-H dienylation proceeded in a regiospecific manner, even in the presence of competitive C-H bonds that are capable of occurring hydrogen atom transfer process, such as those located at benzylic and other tertiary sites, or adjacent to an oxygen atom. Control experiments support the intermediacy of functionalized alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chao Shan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lu-Min Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xu-Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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31
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Wu F, Kaur N, Alom NE, Li W. Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Catalysis Enables an Unusual Regiodivergent Intermolecular Olefin Aminooxygenation. JACS AU 2021; 1:734-741. [PMID: 34240078 PMCID: PMC8243328 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel iodide-catalyzed intermolecular aminooxygenation strategy is described here. Amide is used as the O- and N- source to probe for regiocontrol strategies. Notably, simple additives can be selectively introduced to achieve regiodivergent oxyamination processes for electronically activated alkenes while being regio-complementary for unactivated alkenes. Our preliminary data demonstrates that this regiocontrol strategy based on nucleophile can also be applied in asymmetric processes using chiral hypervalent iodine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United
States
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United
States
| | - Nur-E Alom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United
States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United
States
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32
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Martins B, Kaiser D, Bauer A, Tiefenbrunner I, Maulide N. Formal Enone α-Arylation via I(III)-Mediated Aryl Migration/Elimination. Org Lett 2021; 23:2094-2098. [PMID: 33635665 PMCID: PMC7985840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A formal enone α-arylation is described. This metal-free transformation relies on the I(III)-mediated skeletal reorganization of silyl enol ethers and features mild conditions, good yields, and high stereoselectivities for β-substituted enones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano Bauer
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Tiefenbrunner
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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