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Blanco-Gómez A, Díaz-Abellás M, Montes de Oca I, Peinador C, Pazos E, García MD. Host-Guest Stimuli-Responsive Click Chemistry. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400743. [PMID: 38597381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Click chemistry has reached its maturity as the weapon of choice for the irreversible ligation of molecular fragments, with over 20 years of research resulting in the development or improvement of highly efficient kinetically controlled conjugation reactions. Nevertheless, traditional click reactions can be disadvantageous not only in terms of efficiency (side products, slow kinetics, air/water tolerance, etc.), but also because they completely avoid the possibility to reversibly produce and control bound/unbound states. Recently, non-covalent click chemistry has appeared as a more efficient alternative, in particular by using host-guest self-assembled systems of high thermodynamic stability and kinetic lability. This review discusses the implementation of molecular switches in the development of such non-covalent ligation processes, resulting in what we have termed stimuli-responsive click chemistry, in which the bound/unbound constitutional states of the system can be favored by external stimulation, in particular using host-guest complexes. As we exemplify with handpicked selected examples, these supramolecular systems are well suited for the development of human-controlled molecular conjugation, by coupling thermodynamically regulated processes with appropriate temporally resolved extrinsic control mechanisms, thus mimicking nature and advancing our efforts to develop a more function-oriented chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Blanco-Gómez
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mauro Díaz-Abellás
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iván Montes de Oca
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Pazos
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcos D García
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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2
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Ayuso-Carrillo J, Fina F, Galleposo EC, Ferreira RR, Mondal PK, Ward BD, Bonifazi D. One-Step Catalyst-Transfer Macrocyclization: Expanding the Chemical Space of Azaparacyclophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16440-16457. [PMID: 38848549 PMCID: PMC11191698 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on a one-step catalyst-transfer macrocyclization (CTM) reaction, based on the Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, selectively affording only cyclic structures. This route offers a versatile and efficient approach to synthesize aza[1n]paracyclophanes (APCs) featuring diverse functionalities and lumens. The method operates at mild reaction temperatures (40 °C) and short reaction times (∼2 h), delivering excellent isolated yields (>75% macrocycles) and up to 30% of a 6-membered cyclophane, all under nonhigh-dilution concentrations (35-350 mM). Structural insights into APCs reveal variations in product distribution based on different endocyclic substituents, with steric properties of exocyclic substituents having minimal influence on the macrocyclization. Aryl-type endocyclic substituents predominantly yield 6-membered macrocycles, while polycyclic aromatic units such as fluorene and carbazole favor 4-membered species. Experimental and computational studies support a proposed mechanism of ring-walking catalyst transfer that promotes the macrocycle formation. It has been found that the macrocyclization is driven by the formation of cyclic conformers during the oligomerization step favoring an intramolecular C-N bond formation that, depending on the cycle size, hinges on either preorganization effect or kinetic increase of the reductive elimination step or a combination of the two. The CTM process exhibits a "living" behavior, facilitating sequential synthesis of other macrocycles by introducing relevant monomers, thus providing a practical synthetic platform for chemical libraries. Notably, CTM operates both under diluted and concentrated regimes, offering scalability potential, unlike typical macrocyclization reactions usually operating in the 0.1-1 mM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Ayuso-Carrillo
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Federica Fina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - El Czar Galleposo
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Rúben R. Ferreira
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Elettra
Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14−km 163, 5 in Area Science
Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Benjamin D. Ward
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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3
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Ruan C, Li Z, Lin W, Wang R, Xie W, Li H, Lu Y, Wang R, Li S, Wang L. Pillarurilarenes: Glycoluril-Expanded Pillararenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4122-4126. [PMID: 38695413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glycoluril-expanded pillararenes composed of glycoluril and dialkoxybenzene units, namely, pillarurilarenes (PURA), were synthesized through a fragment coupling macrocyclization strategy. Partial replacement of dialkoxybenzene with glycoluril endows PURA with polarized equatorial methine protons for derivatization or CH-anion binding. Crystal structures of pillar[2]uril[4]arene and pillar[1]uril[4]arene containing two glycoluril units and one glycoluril unit, respectively, indicated the inward orientation of the glycoluril unit, as also suggested by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory calculation. This work lays a good foundation for expanding pillararenes using non-aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhijin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Shengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Pitié S, Wang B, Guégan F, Frapper G. Predicted High-Energy Density MN 8 Containing Anionic 18-Crown-6 Ring-Based Polynitrogen Monolayers Acting as Cryptand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7293-7302. [PMID: 38605465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the potential of the 18-crown-6-like two-dimensional (2D)-N8 structure to accommodate electrons from metals without compromising its covalent nitrogen network. Employing the crystal structure prediction enhanced by evolutionary algorithm and density functional theory methodology, we successfully predicted the existence of 16 layered M@2D-N8 complexes from a total of 39 MN8 systems investigated at 100 GPa (M = s-block Na-Cs, Be-Ba and d-block Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Hf, W, and Y). Among those, there are 13 quenchable M@2D-N8 compounds that are dynamically stable at 1 atm. Orbital interactions and bonding analysis show that 2D-N8 presents a flat localized π* band that can accommodate one or two electrons without breaking the 2D covalent nitrogen network. Depending on the metal-to-polynitrogen charge transfer (formally, 1-4 electrons), these N-rich phases are semiconducting or metallic under ambient conditions. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that K(I)@2D-N8 and Ca(II)@2D-N8 are thermally stable up to 600 K, while the Hf(IV)@2D-N8 compound is thermally not viable at 400 K because of the weakening of the N═N bonds due to a strong four-electron reduction. These metal 18-crown-6 ring-based polynitrogen compounds, as expected due to their high nitrogen content (eight nitrogen atoms per metal), could potentially serve as new high-energy density materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Pitié
- Applied Quantum Chemistry Group, E4 Team, IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers─CNRS, Poitiers 86073, France
| | - Busheng Wang
- Applied Quantum Chemistry Group, E4 Team, IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers─CNRS, Poitiers 86073, France
| | - Frédéric Guégan
- Applied Quantum Chemistry Group, E4 Team, IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers─CNRS, Poitiers 86073, France
| | - Gilles Frapper
- Applied Quantum Chemistry Group, E4 Team, IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers─CNRS, Poitiers 86073, France
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5
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Sun T, Ba M, Song Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Hu S, Liu X, Nardiello D, Quinto M. Multipurpose new gas chromatography column based on pillararenes functionalized with imidazolium ionic liquids. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1291:342221. [PMID: 38280782 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gas chromatography is worldwide recognized as one of the most important analytical techniques, due to its high versatility and reliability. The heart of a gas chromatograph is the column, that allows analyte peak separations and, consequently, accurate qualitative and qualitative analyses. New and more efficient columns are always requested to satisfy new and challenging analytical needs. RESULTS In this work, imidazolium ionic liquids functionalized pillar [5] arenes have been used for the first time as gas chromatographic stationary phases, considering their highly symmetric pillar-shaped architecture with cavities rich in π-electrons. Four imidazolium ionic liquids functionalized pillar [5] arenes have been tested as stationary phases with numerous analytes and isomers. In particular, one of these showed superior performances if compared to commercial columns, enabling challenging isomeric separations of halogenated benzenes, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic anilines. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of the ionic liquid P[n]A as a stationary phase in chromatography, either in GC or liquid chromatography (LC) separations. This work demonstrates the promising potential of ionic liquid P[n]A stationary phases for chromatographic separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China.
| | - Mengyi Ba
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanli Song
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - YuanYuan Zhang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China
| | - Xianming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resource, and Engineering (DAFNE), via Napoli 25, I-71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resource, and Engineering (DAFNE), via Napoli 25, I-71122, Foggia, Italy.
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6
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Xiao H, Liu G, Lei SN, Wang Z, Yan X, Wang S, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Assembly and Utility of a Drawstring-Mimetic Supramolecular Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318368. [PMID: 38165266 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the drawstring structure in daily life, here we report the development of a drawstring-mimetic supramolecular complex at the molecular scale. This complex consists of a rigid figure-of-eight macrocyclic host molecule and a flexible linear guest molecule which could interact through three-point non-covalent binding to form a highly selective and efficient host-guest assembly. The complex not only resembles the drawstring structure, but also mimics the properties of a drawstring with regard to deformations under external forces. The supramolecular drawstring can be utilized as an interlocked crosslinker for poly(methyl acrylate), and the corresponding polymer samples exhibit comprehensive enhancement of macroscopic mechanical performance including stiffness, strength, and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Gómez-González B, Basílio N, Vaz B, Pérez-Lorenzo M, García-Río L. Delving into the Variability of Supramolecular Affinity: Self-Ion Pairing as a Central Player in Aqueous Host-Guest Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317553. [PMID: 38100517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The determination of binding constants is a key matter in evaluating the strength of host-guest interactions. However, the profound impact of self-ion pairing on this parameter is often underrated in aqueous solution, leading in some cases to a misinterpretation of the true potential of supramolecular assemblies. In the present study, we aim to shed further light on this critical factor by exploring the concentration-dependent behavior of a multicharged pillararene in water. Our observations reveal an extraordinary 1-million-fold variability in the affinity of this macrocycle toward a given anion, showcasing the highly dynamic character of electrostatic interactions. We argue that these findings bring to the forefront the inherent determinism that underlies the estimation of affinity constants, a factor profoundly shaped by both the sensitivity of the instrumental technique in use and the intricacies of the experimental design itself. In terms of applications, these results may provide the opportunity to optimize the operational concentrations of multicharged hosts in different scenarios, aiming to achieve their maximum efficiency based on the intended application. Unlocking the potential of this hidden variability may pave the way for the creation of novel molecular materials with advanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Gómez-González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuno Basílio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Belén Vaz
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Moisés Pérez-Lorenzo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis García-Río
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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9
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Davis F, Higson SPJ. Synthetic Receptors for Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:953. [PMID: 37998127 PMCID: PMC10669836 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, synthetic macrocyclic compounds have attracted interest from the scientific community due to their ability to selectively and reversibly form complexes with a huge variety of guest moieties. These molecules have been studied within a wide range of sensing and other fields. Within this review, we will give an overview of the most common synthetic macrocyclic compounds including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, calixresorcinarenes, pillarenes and cucurbiturils. These species all display the ability to form a wide range of complexes. This makes these compounds suitable in the field of cancer detection since they can bind to either cancer cell surfaces or indeed to marker compounds for a wide variety of cancers. The formation of such complexes allows sensitive and selective detection and quantification of such guests. Many of these compounds also show potential for the detection and encapsulation of environmental carcinogens. Furthermore, many anti-cancer drugs, although effective in in vitro tests, are not suitable for use directly for cancer treatment due to low solubility, inherent instability in in vivo environments or an inability to be adsorbed by or transported to the required sites for treatment. The reversible encapsulation of these species in a macrocyclic compound can greatly improve their solubility, stability and transport to required sites where they can be released for maximum therapeutic effect. Within this review, we intend to present the use of these species both in cancer sensing and treatment. The various macrocyclic compound families will be described, along with brief descriptions of their synthesis and properties, with an outline of their use in cancer detection and usage as therapeutic agents. Their use in the sensing of environmental carcinogens as well as their potential utilisation in the clean-up of some of these species will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Séamus P. J. Higson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
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10
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Gu MJ, Han XN, Guo WC, Han Y, Chen CF. Naphth[4]arene: Synthesis, Conformations, and Application in Color-Tunable Supramolecular Crystalline Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305214. [PMID: 37269024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the chemistry of macrocyclic arenes has seen rapid development in recent years, the synthesis of new macrocyclic arenes from aromatic rings with no directing groups remains a challenge. In this work, a new macrocyclic arene, naphth[4]arene (NA[4]A), composed of four naphthalene rings bridged by methylene groups, was synthesized using macrocycle-to-macrocycle conversion. NA[4]A shows 1,3-alternate and 1,2-alternate conformations in the solid state, which can be selectively obtained. By supramolecular co-assembly of NA[4]A and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) in different concentrations and temperatures, two conformation-dependent crystalline luminescent co-assemblies 1,2-NTC and 1,3-NTC can be selectively prepared. Interestingly, the two charge-transfer crystalline assemblies containing NA[4]A with different conformations show bright yellow and green fluorescence, and also display high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 45 % and 43 %. Furthermore, they exhibit color-tunable two-photon excited upconversion emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei-Chen Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Fang P, Chen M, Yin N, Zhuang G, Chen T, Zhang X, Du P. Regulating supramolecular interactions in dimeric macrocycles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5425-5430. [PMID: 37234903 PMCID: PMC10207885 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular behavior is highly dependent on many factors, including complicated microenvironments and weak interactions. Herein, we describe tuning supramolecular architectures of rigid macrocycles by synergistic effects of their geometric configurations, sizes, and guests. Two paraphenylene-based macrocycles are anchored onto different positions in a triphenylene derivative, resulting in dimeric macrocycles with different shapes and configurations. Interestingly, these dimeric macrocycles show tunable supramolecular interactions with guests. In solid state, a 2 : 1 host-guest complex was observed between 1a and C60/C70, while an unusual 2 : 3 host-guest complex 3C60@(1b)2 can be observed between 1b and C60. This work expands the scope of the synthesis of novel rigid bismacrocycles and provides a new strategy to construct different supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Fang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Nan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310032 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Tianyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
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12
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Local and global aromaticity under rotation: analysis of two- and three-dimensional representative carbon nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14285-14293. [PMID: 37183443 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscaled 2D and 3D carbon structures with closed curved π-surfaces are of relevance in the development of desirable building units for materials science. Such species are able to sustain local and global aromatic circuits involving isolated regions or the overall structural backbone, respectively. Here we account for local and global aromaticity under rotation of representative two- and three-dimensional species involving para-connected and fused edge-sharing phenyl rings ([8]CPP, [10]CPP, CNB), and C60 fullerene at different charge states. Our results denote that nanoscaled 2D global aromatics mimic the behaviour of the most prototypical aromatic 6π-circuit, given by benzene, where the shielding cone properties vary along the rotation motion. In contrast, 3D spherical aromatics remain almost invariant under rotation, given the distinctive characteristics of such species, differing from 2D global aromatics. Dissection of orbital contributions reveals that π-orbitals are determinants for shifting from non-aromatic to spherical aromatic species. Under rotation, the variation of the anisotropic effect inherent to such nanoscaled structures is accounted for, which is relevant to rationalize variation in NMR signal shifts upon the formation of host-guest aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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13
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Tian YH, Qin H, Ding MH, Tang LL, Zeng F. Water soluble macrocyclic host for recognition of N-methylquinolinium salts in water. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14539-14542. [PMID: 37197678 PMCID: PMC10183810 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02447d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the synthesis of water soluble macrocyclic arenes 1 containing anionic carboxylate groups. It was found that host 1 could form a 1 : 1 complex with N-methylquinolinium salts in water. Moreover, the complexation and decomplexation of the complexes between host and the guests could be achieved by changing the pH of the solution, and the process could also be observed by naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Tian
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Han Qin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Man-Hua Ding
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Lin-Li Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
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14
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Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3265-3298. [PMID: 37083011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes including calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cyclotriveratrylene, pillararenes and so on have emerged as highly attractive synthetic macrocyclic hosts due to their unique structures, facile functionalization, and broad range of applications. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of novel macrocyclic arenes composed of various aromatic building blocks bridged by methylene groups, which have found applications in various research areas. Consequently, the development of novel macrocyclic arenes has become a frontier and hot topic in supramolecular and macrocyclic chemistry. In this review, we feature the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of novel macrocyclic arenes that have emerged in the last decade. The general synthetic strategies employed for these macrocyclic arenes are systematically summarized, and their wide applications in molecular recognition and assemblies, molecular machines, biomedical science and functional materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Zhu WB, Wei TB, Hu HB, Li ZJ, Zhang YQ, Li YC, Zhang L, Zhang XW. Pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular pseudorotaxane polymer material for ultra-sensitive detection of Fe 3+ and F . RSC Adv 2023; 13:12270-12275. [PMID: 37091614 PMCID: PMC10113919 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in ultra-sensitive detection, particularly the Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) materials, have demonstrated a promising detection method due to their low cost, real-time detection, and simplicity of operation. Here, coumarin functionalized pillar[5]arene (P5C) and bis-bromohexyl pillar[5]arene (DP5) were successfully combined to create a linear AIE supramolecular pseudorotaxane polymer (PCDP-G). The use of PCDP-G as a supramolecular AIE polymer material for recyclable ultra-sensitive Fe3+ and F- detection is an interesting application of the materials. According to measurements, the low detection limits of PCDP-G for Fe3+ and F- are 4.16 × 10-10 M and 6.8 × 10-10 M, respectively. The PCDP-G is also a very effective logic gate and a material for luminous displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 P. R. China
| | - Hao-Bin Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
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16
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Macrocycle with Equatorial Coordination Sites Provides New Opportunity for Structure-Diverse Metallacages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062537. [PMID: 36985508 PMCID: PMC10059262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reported here is the synthesis of a macrocycle with equatorial coordination sites for the construction of self-assembled metallacages. The macrocycle is prepared via a post-modification on the equator of biphen[n]arene. Utilizing this macrocycle as a ligand, three prismatic cages and one octahedral cage were synthesized by regulating the geometric structures and coordination number of metal acceptors. The multi-cavity configuration of prismatic cage was revealed by single-crystal structure. We prove that a macrocycle with equatorial coordination sites can be an excellent building block for synthesizing structure-diverse metallacages. Our results provide a typical example and a general method for the design and synthesis of metallacages.
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17
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Xie J, Xi Z, Yang Z, Zhang X, Yuan H, Yang Y, Ni L, He M. Computational Approach to Understanding the Structures, Properties, and Supramolecular Chemistry of Pagoda[n]arenes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Wentz KE, Molino A, Freeman LA, Dickie DA, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Approaching Dianionic Tetraoxadiborecine Macrocycles: 10-Membered Bora-Crown Ethers Incorporating Borafluorenate Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215772. [PMID: 36437238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The addition of non-benzenoid quinones, acenapthenequinone or aceanthrenequinone, to the 9-carbene-9-borafluorene monoanion (1) affords the first examples of dianionic 10-membered bora-crown ethers (2-5), which are characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C, 11 B), X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. These tetraoxadiborecines have distinct absorption profiles based on the positioning of the alkali metal cations. When compound 4, which has a vacant C4 B2 O4 cavity, is reacted with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, a color change from purple to orange serves as a visual indicator of metal binding to the central ring, whereby the Na+ ion coordinates to four oxygen atoms. A detailed theoretical analysis of the calculated reaction energetics is provided to gain insight into the reaction mechanism for the formation of 2-5. These data, and the electronic structures of proposed intermediates, indicate that the reaction proceeds via a boron enolate intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie E Wentz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucas A Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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19
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Li RH, Lin Q, Li SL, Sun Y, Liu Y. MXenes Functionalized with Macrocyclic Hosts: From Molecular Design to Applications. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200423. [PMID: 36680301 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) MXene has aroused wide attention for its excellent physical and chemical properties. The interlayer engineering formed by layer-by-layer stacking of MXene nanosheets can be employed for molecular sieving and water purification by incorporating specific groups onto the exterior surface of MXene. Macrocyclic hosts exhibiting unique structural features and recognition ability can construct smart devices for external stimuli with reversible features between macrocycles and guests. On that basis, macrocyclic hosts can be anchored to MXene to provide numerous insights into their compositions and intercalation states. In this review, the MXene prepared based on macrocyclic hosts from molecular design to applications is highlighted. Various MXenes functionalized with macrocyclic hosts are empowered in functional membrane (including water purification, organic solvent nanofiltration, and electromagnetic shielding), photocatalysis, sensing, and adsorption (interactions with specific guest). Hopefully, this review can bring new inspiration to the design of multifunctional MXene-based materials and improving its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Qian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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20
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Zhai C, Isaacs L. New Synthetic Route to Water‐Soluble Prism[5]arene Hosts and Their Molecular Recognition Properties**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201743. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park 20742 Maryland USA
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park 20742 Maryland USA
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21
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Hou Y, Duan YR, Ding MH, Tang LL, Zeng F. Adsorptive separation of para-xylene by nonporous adaptive crystals of phenanthrene[2]arene. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22060-22063. [PMID: 36043113 PMCID: PMC9362102 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed a new method for the preparation of phenanthrene[2]arene on a large-scale. Meanwhile, the synthetic phenanthrene[2]arene has been successfully used as nonporous adaptive crystals for the separation of para-xylene (pX) from xylene isomers. The crystal structure revealed that one host molecule can adsorb one pX molecule to form the 1@pX complex, in which pX is located in the cavity of the host. A new method for the preparation of phenanthrene[2]arene on a large-scale was developed. The synthetic phenanthrene[2]arene has been successfully used as nonporous adaptive crystals for the separation of para-xylene from xylene isomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Yin-Rong Duan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Man-Hua Ding
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Lin-Li Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
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22
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Penty SE, Zwijnenburg MA, Orton GRF, Stachelek P, Pal R, Xie Y, Griffin SL, Barendt TA. The Pink Box: Exclusive Homochiral Aromatic Stacking in a Bis-perylene Diimide Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12290-12298. [PMID: 35763425 PMCID: PMC9348826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work showcases chiral complementarity in aromatic stacking interactions as an effective tool to optimize the chiroptical and electrochemical properties of perylene diimides (PDIs). PDIs are a notable class of robust dye molecules and their rich photo- and electrochemistry and potential chirality make them ideal organic building blocks for chiral optoelectronic materials. By exploiting the new bay connectivity of twisted PDIs, a dynamic bis-PDI macrocycle (the "Pink Box") is realized in which homochiral PDI-PDI π-π stacking interactions are switched on exclusively. Using a range of experimental and computational techniques, we uncover three important implications of the macrocycle's chiral complementarity for PDI optoelectronics. First, the homochiral intramolecular π-π interactions anchor the twisted PDI units, yielding enantiomers with half-lives extended over 400-fold, from minutes to days (in solution) or years (in the solid state). Second, homochiral H-type aggregation affords the macrocycle red-shifted circularly polarized luminescence and one of the highest dissymmetry factors of any small organic molecule in solution (glum = 10-2 at 675 nm). Finally, excellent through-space PDI-PDI π-orbital overlap stabilizes PDI reduced states, akin to covalent functionalization with electron-withdrawing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Penty
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia R F Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Griffin
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Barendt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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23
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24
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. The hunter falls prey: photoinduced oxidation of C60 in inclusion complex with perfluorocycloparaphenylene. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200226. [PMID: 35587716 PMCID: PMC9540460 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorocycloparaphenylenes (PFCPPs) are cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. Like CPPs, PFCPPs are highly strained, hoop‐shaped π‐conjugated molecules. In this article, we report a computational modeling of photoinduced electron transfer processes in the inclusion complex of PF[10]CPP with C60 fullerene. Its unique feature is the favorable electron transfer from C60 to the host molecule. The photooxidation of C60 is predicted to occur on a sub‐nanosecond timescale. The PF[10]CPP⊃C60 dyad is the first nanoring‐fullerene complex in which C60 acts as an electron donor in the photoinduced charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, SPAIN
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, SPAIN
| | - Miquel Solà
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institute of Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, SPAIN
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, SPAIN
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25
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Abstract
The intrinsic nature of macrocyclic molecules to preferentially absorb a specific solute has been opening up supramolecular chemistry. Nevertheless, the determinant factor with molecular perspectives in promoting host-guest complexations remains inconclusive, due to the lack of rigorous thermodynamic examination on the guest solubility inside the host. Here, we quantify the solute-solvent energetic and entropic contributions between the end states and on the docking route during inclusion of noble gases in cucurbit[5]uril, cucurbit[6]uril, and α-cyclodextrin, using molecular dynamics simulations in combination with the potential distribution theorem. Results show that in all of the pairs examined both the solute-solvent energy and entropy favor the inclusion, while the former is rather dominant. The frequency of interior drying, which pertains to the entropic contribution, differs between the hosts and is controlled by the existence of lid water at portal and the flexibility of host framework. Moreover, the hosts exhibit various types of absorption manners, involving non-, single-, and double-free-energy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Kenji Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
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26
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Wang Z, Liu YA, Yang H, Hu WB, Wen K. ortho-Functionalization of Pillar[5]arene: An Approach to Mono- ortho-Alkyl/Aryl-Substituted A1/A2-Dihydroxypillar[5]arene. Org Lett 2022; 24:1822-1826. [PMID: 35225626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the rim and lateral functionalizations of pillar[n]arenes have been well explored, ortho-functionalization has rarely been realized. In this work, we report a facile method of introducing a single functionality ortho to the hydroxyl group in A1/A2-dihydroxypillar[5]arene via a Grignard addition to pillar[4]arene[1]quinone followed by a dienone-phenol rearrangement. The described ortho-alkylation/arylation method allowed formation of various mono ortho-alkyl/aryl-substituted A1/A2-dihydroxypillar[5]arenes previously difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yahu A Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, San Diego, California 92127, United States
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei-Bo Hu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Zeng F, Cheng L, Ou GC, Tang LL, Ding MH. Pyromellitic Diimide-Extended Pillar[6]arene: Synthesis, Structure, and Its Complexation with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3863-3867. [PMID: 35171603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel pyromellitic diimide-extended pillar[6]arene was synthesized in two steps with moderate yield for the first time. It showed a symmetrical stretched hexagon structure and could form 1:2 complexes with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solution. Interestingly, a linear supramolecular array between complex 1@G42 and pyrene through π···π stacking interactions was also observed in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Guang-Chuan Ou
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Lin-Li Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Man-Hua Ding
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
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Macleod-Carey D, Muñoz-Castro A. Enabling dual aromaticity in fused nanobelts: evaluation of the magnetic behavior of fused [10]CPP units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26701-26707. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-para-phenylene (CPP) nanobelt structures with curved π-surfaces are of relevance in the development of desirable building units for materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Macleod-Carey
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, Santiago 2801, Chile
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
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Kurimoto T, Inagaki Y, Ohara K, Yamaguchi K, Setaka W. Synthesis and rotational dynamics of diazamacrocycles having bridged 1,4-naphthylene as framed molecular rotors. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8465-8470. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Naphthylene bridged diazamacrocycles were synthesized and characterized as novel framed molecular rotors, and dependence of the rotation on the frame size was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kurimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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