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Xiao J, Chen C, Fu Z, Wang S, Luo F. Assessment of the Safety and Probiotic Properties of Enterococcus faecium B13 Isolated from Fermented Chili. Microorganisms 2024; 12:994. [PMID: 38792822 PMCID: PMC11123876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium B13, selected from fermentation chili, has been proven to promote animal growth by previous studies, but it belongs to opportunistic pathogens, so a comprehensive evaluation of its probiotic properties and safety is necessary. In this study, the probiotic properties and safety of B13 were evaluated at the genetic and phenotype levels in vitro and then confirmed in vivo. The genome of B13 contains one chromosome and two plasmids. The average nucleotide identity indicated that B13 was most closely related to the fermentation-plant-derived strain. The strain does not carry the major virulence genes of the clinical E. faecium strains but contains aac(6')-Ii, ant (6)-Ia, msrC genes. The strain had a higher tolerance to acid at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 0.3% bile salt and a 32.83% free radical DPPH clearance rate. It can adhere to Caco-2 cells and reduce the adhesion of E. coli to Caco-2 cells. The safety assessment revealed that the strain showed no hemolysis and did not exhibit gelatinase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, or tryptophanase activity. It was sensitive to twelve antibiotics but was resistant to erythromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. Experiments in vivo have shown that B13 can be located in the ileum and colon and has no adverse effects on experiment animals. After 28 days of feeding, B13 did not remarkable change the α-diversity of the gut flora or increase the virulence genes. Our study demonstrated that E. faecium B13 may be used as a probiotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Xiao
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (C.C.); (Z.F.)
| | - Cai Chen
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (C.C.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zhuxian Fu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (C.C.); (Z.F.)
| | - Shumin Wang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Fan Luo
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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2
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Akhtar N, Wani AK, Sharma NR, Sanami S, Kaleem S, Machfud M, Purbiati T, Sugiono S, Djumali D, Retnaning Prahardini PE, Purwati RD, Supriadi K, Rahayu F. Microbial exopolysaccharides: Unveiling the pharmacological aspects for therapeutic advancements. Carbohydr Res 2024; 539:109118. [PMID: 38643705 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have emerged as a fascinating area of research in the field of pharmacology due to their diverse and potent biological activities. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological properties exhibited by EPSs, shedding light on their potential applications in various therapeutic areas. The review begins by introducing EPSs, exploring their various sources, significance in microbial growth and survival, and their applications across different industries. Subsequently, a thorough examination of the pharmaceutical properties of microbial EPSs unveils their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antiviral, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Mechanistic insights into how different EPSs exert these therapeutic effects have also been discussed in this review. The review also provides comprehensive information about the monosaccharide composition, backbone, branches, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight of pharmacologically active EPSs from various microbial sources. Furthermore, the factors that can affect the pharmacological activities of EPSs and approaches to improve the EPSs' pharmacological activity have also been discussed. In conclusion, this review illuminates the immense pharmaceutical promise of microbial EPS as versatile bioactive compounds with wide-ranging therapeutic applications. By elucidating their structural features, biological activities, and potential applications, this review aims to catalyze further research and development efforts in leveraging the pharmaceutical potential of microbial EPS for the advancement of human health and well-being, while also contributing to sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India.
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Samira Sanami
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaikh Kaleem
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Moch Machfud
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Titiek Purbiati
- Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Sugiono Sugiono
- Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Djumali Djumali
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | | | - Rully Dyah Purwati
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Khojin Supriadi
- Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
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Leser T, Baker A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG ® Probiotic Function. Microorganisms 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 38674738 PMCID: PMC11051730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To advance probiotic research, a comprehensive understanding of bacterial interactions with human physiology at the molecular and cellular levels is fundamental. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG® is a bacterial strain that has long been recognized for its beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic effector molecules derived from LGG®, including secreted proteins, surface-anchored proteins, polysaccharides, and lipoteichoic acids, which interact with host physiological processes have been identified. In vitro and animal studies have revealed that specific LGG® effector molecules stimulate epithelial cell survival, preserve intestinal barrier integrity, reduce oxidative stress, mitigate excessive mucosal inflammation, enhance IgA secretion, and provide long-term protection through epigenetic imprinting. Pili on the cell surface of LGG® promote adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and ensure close contact to host cells. Extracellular vesicles produced by LGG® recapitulate many of these effects through their cargo of effector molecules. Collectively, the effector molecules of LGG® exert a significant influence on both the gut mucosa and immune system, which promotes intestinal homeostasis and immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leser
- Future Labs, Human Health Biosolutions, Novonesis, Kogle Alle 6, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark;
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Rodríguez-Viso P, Domene A, Vélez D, Devesa V, Zúñiga M, Monedero V. Protective effects of oral administration of lactic acid bacteria strains against methylmercury-induced intestinal toxicity in a murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114461. [PMID: 38253281 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of lactic acid bacteria has been proposed to mitigate the burden of heavy metal exposure through processes probably involving chelation and reduced metal bioaccessibility. We evaluated the effects of daily intake of two strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus intestinalis LE1 or Lactobacillus johnsonii LE2) on intestinal toxicity during methylmercury (MeHg) exposure through drinking water (5 mg/L) for two months in mice. MeHg exposure resulted in inflammation and oxidative stress at the colon, as well as an increase in intestinal permeability accompanied by decreased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The administration of the strains resulted in a differential protective effect that, based on their chelation capacity, supported the existence of additional mechanisms of action besides chelation. Both strains reduced IL-1β levels and oxidative stress, while LE1 lowered TNF-α, diminished MeHg-induced mucus over-secretion triggered by the IL-4/IL-13/STAT6 pathway, reduced intestinal permeability, and ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress, probably by acting on the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Administration of LE1 partially restored SCFA contents, which could be partly responsible for the positive effects of this strain in alleviating MeHg toxicity. These results demonstrate that lactobacilli strains can be useful tools in reducing the intestinal toxicity of MeHg, the main mercurial form conveyed by food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rodríguez-Viso
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, (Valencia), Spain
| | - Adrián Domene
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, (Valencia), Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, (Valencia), Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, (Valencia), Spain
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, (Valencia), Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, (Valencia), Spain.
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Song Y, Sun M, Mu G, Tuo Y. Exopolysaccharide secreted by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y12 showed inhibitory effect on the pathogenicity of Shigella flexneri in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129478. [PMID: 38237822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri is a prevalent foodborne and waterborne pathogen that threatens human health. Our previous research indicated that the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y12 exopolysaccharide (L-EPS) potentially inhibited the pathogenicity of S. flexneri. The in vitro results of this study demonstrated that L-EPS effectively mitigated the symptoms induced by S. flexneri in HT-29 cells, including inhibited gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, TLR 2/4, and NOD1/2; decreased apoptosis ratio; and alleviated damage degree of intestinal barrier function (Zona occludens 1, Occludin, and Claudin-1). The in vivo results demonstrated that S. flexneri treated with L-EPS elicited mild adverse physiological manifestations, an inflammatory response, and tissue damage. The infection of S. flexneri caused significant alterations in the abundance of phylum (Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria), family (Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, Prevotellaceaea, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobaillaceae), and genus (Escherichia Shigella and Lachnospirillaceae NK4A136 group) within the cecal microbiota. These changes were accompanied by perturbations in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, arginine biosynthesis, and histidine metabolic pathways. However, intervention with L-EPS attenuated the dysbiosis of cecal microbiota and metabolic disturbances. In summary, our research suggested a potential application of L-EPS as a functional food additive for mitigating S. flexneri infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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Sun Y, Wang X, Li L, Zhong C, Zhang Y, Yang X, Li M, Yang C. The role of gut microbiota in intestinal disease: from an oxidative stress perspective. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1328324. [PMID: 38419631 PMCID: PMC10899708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that gut microbiota-mediated oxidative stress is significantly associated with intestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported to increase when the gut microbiota is dysregulated, especially when several gut bacterial metabolites are present. Although healthy gut microbiota plays a vital role in defending against excessive oxidative stress, intestinal disease is significantly influenced by excessive ROS, and this process is controlled by gut microbiota-mediated immunological responses, DNA damage, and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss the relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal disease from an oxidative stress perspective. In addition, we also provide a summary of the most recent therapeutic approaches for preventing or treating intestinal diseases by modifying gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Sun
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatic, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Special Needs Outpatient Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Li H, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu C, Zhang X, Zhang J, Lin L, Niu Q. miR-128-3p is involved in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment by regulating the Sirt1-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115966. [PMID: 38219620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a common neurotoxicant in the environment, but the molecular mechanism of its toxic effects is still unclear. Studies have shown that aluminum exposure causes an increase in neuronal apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism and signaling pathway of neuronal apoptosis induced by aluminum exposure. The rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of maltol aluminum for 90 days. The results showed that the escape latency of the three groups exposed to maltol aluminum was higher than that of the control group on the 3rd, 4th and 5th days of the positioning cruise experiment (P < 0.05). On the 6th day of the space exploration experiment, compared with the control group(6.00 ± 0.71,15.33 ± 1.08) and the low-dose group(5.08 ± 1.69,13.67 ± 1.09), the number of times that the high-dose group crossed the platform(2.25 ± 0.76) and the platform quadrant(7.58 ± 1.43) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The relative expression levels of Sirt1 and Nrf2 in hippocampal tissues of all groups decreased gradually with increasing maltol aluminum exposure dose the relative expression levels of Sirt1 and Nrf2 in high-dose group (0.261 ± 0.094,0.325 ± 0.108) were significantly lower than those in control group (1.018 ± 0.222,1.009 ± 0.156)(P < 0.05). The relative expression level of Keap1 increased gradually with increasing maltol aluminum exposure dose (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of miR-128-3p in the high-dose group(1.520 ± 0.280) was significantly higher than that in the control group(1.000 ± 0.420) (P < 0.05). The content of GSH-Px in the hippocampus of rats decreased with increasing dose. ROS levels gradually increased. We speculated that subchronic aluminum exposure may lead to the activation of miR-128-3p in rat hippocampus of rats, thereby inhibiting the Sirt1-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway so that the Sirt1-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway could not be activated to exert antioxidant capacity, resulting in an imbalance in the antioxidant system of rats and the apoptosis of neurons, which caused reduced cognitive impairment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiangmeng Wang
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Jining Second People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Song Y, Sun M, Mu G, Tuo Y. Exopolysaccharide produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y12 exhibits inhibitory effect on the Shigella flexneri genes expression related to biofilm formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127048. [PMID: 37748596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Shigella is a specific enteric pathogen in humans, causing symptoms of bacterial dysentery. The biofilm formation of S. flexneri contributes to the emergence of multidrug resistance and facilitates the establishment of persistent chronic infections. This study investigated the regulatory effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y12 exopolysaccharide (L-EPS) on gene expression and its spatial hindrance effects in inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. flexneri. The transcriptome analysis revealed a significant impact of L-EPS on the gene expression profile of S. flexneri, with a total of 968 genes showing significant changes (507 up-regulated and 461 down-regulated). The significantly down-regulated KEGG metabolic pathway enriched in phosphotransferase system, Embden-Meyerhf-Parnas, Citrate cycle, Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, Cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance, Two-component system. Moreover, L-EPS significantly down-regulated the gene expression levels of fimbriae synthesis (fimF), lipopolysaccharide synthesis (lptE, lptB), anchor protein repeat domain (arpA), virulence factor (lpp, yqgB), antibiotic resistance (marR, cusB, mdtL, mdlB), heavy metal resistance (zraP), and polysaccharide synthesis (mtgA, mdoB, mdoC). The expression of biofilm regulator factor (bssS) and two-component system suppressor factor (mgrB) were significantly up-regulated. The RT-qPCR results indicated that a major component of L-EPS (L-EPS 2-1) exhibited the gene regulatory effect on the S. flexneri biofilm formation. Furthermore, electrophoresis and isothermal microtitration calorimetry demonstrated that the interaction between L-EPS 2-1 and eDNA is electrostatic dependent on the change in environmental pH, disrupting the stable spatial structure of S. flexneri biofilm. In conclusion, L-EPS inhibited the biofilm formation of S. flexneri through gene regulation and spatial obstruction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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Shi Y, Wang Y, Zou H, Zhao B, Zhu T, Nakamura Y, Qi H. Detection of Simulated In Vitro Digestion Products of Fucoxanthin and Their Photodamage Alleviation Effect in Retinal Müller Cells Induced by Ultraviolet B Irradiation: A Proteomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14626-14637. [PMID: 37753556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study reported that the marine dietary bioactive compound fucoxanthin (FX) has the potential to reduce the level of oxidation in retinal Müller cells (RMCs) induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. However, the gastrointestinal environment can inhibit the bioavailability and absorption of FX in the cell systems. In the current study, FX was initially digested in a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal fluid. Nine main digestive products were identified, and the photoprotective activities of FX simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion products (FX-ID) were assessed in the same RMC model. FX-ID significantly reduced intracellular ROS and alleviated apoptosis. Western blot assays showed that FX-ID inhibited phosphorylated proteins in the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our proteomics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were linked to biological networks associated with antioxidation and metabolic processes. The data may provide insight into the photoprotective mechanisms of FX-ID and promote the development of various functional foods to prevent retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Shi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Zou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Baomin Zhao
- Jiangsu Palarich Food Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Taihai Zhu
- Jiangsu Palarich Food Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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Şirin S. Lactic Acid Bacteria-Derived Exopolysaccharides Mitigate the Oxidative Response via the NRF2-KEAP1 Pathway in PC12 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8071-8090. [PMID: 37886953 PMCID: PMC10605729 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parabiotics, including L-EPSs, have been administered to patients with neurodegenerative disorders. However, the antioxidant properties of L-EPSs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells have not been studied. Herein, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of the L-EPSs, their plausible targets, and their mechanism of action. We first determined the amount of L-EPSs in Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus B3 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GD2 using spectrophotometry. Afterwards, we studied their effects on TDH, TOS/TAS, antioxidant enzyme activities, and intracellular ROS level. Finally, we used qRT-PCR and ELISA to determine the effects of L-EPSs on the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway. According to our results, the L-EPS groups exhibited significantly higher total thiol activity, native thiol activity, disulfide activity, TAS levels, antioxidant enzyme levels, and gene expression levels (GCLC, HO-1, NRF2, and NQO1) than did the H2O2 group. Additionally, the L-EPS groups caused significant reductions in TOS levels and KEAP1 gene expression levels compared with those in the H2O2 group. Our results indicate that H2O2-induced oxidative stress was modified by L-EPSs. Thus, we revealed that L-EPSs, which regulate H2O2-induced oxidative stress, could have applications in the field of neurochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Şirin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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Shi J, Zhao G, Huang X, Li X, Ma Y, Yang K. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Newborn Foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 129:104501. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
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Shi J, Zhao G, Huang X, Li X, Ma Y, Yang K. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Newborn Foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 129:104501. [PMID: 37737196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation on the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of foals. Fifteen newborn foals with similar birth weight (51.67 ± 6.07 kg) and good health were randomly assigned to three groups: control group and test groups I and II, which were supplemented with 5.0 × 109 CFU/day and 1.0 × 1010 CFU/day LGG, respectively, for 150 days. LGG intake increased the daily body height (P < .01) and weight (P < .01) gain of foals aged 120 to 150 days. The foals' IgA (P < .05) and IgG (P < .01) plasma levels increased at 30 and 150 days, respectively, and IL-6 plasma level increased at 90 days (P < .01). Plasma total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher in test group I than in the control and test group II at 30 days (P < .01), whereas glutathione peroxidase level was significantly higher in test group II than in the control and test group I at 30 days (P < .01). Both test groups had significantly higher superoxide dismutase level than the control group (P < .01) and significantly decreased malondialdehyde plasma level at 90 and 150 days (P < .05). Overall, our findings indicate that dietary supplementation of LGG can improve the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of newborn foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Zhaosu animal Husbandry and Veterinary Development Center, Yili, China
| | - Kailun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
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13
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Zhang X, Xu J, Ma M, Zhao Y, Song Y, Zheng B, Wen Z, Gong M, Meng L. Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 Improved UVB-Induced Photoaging Via Antiwrinkle and Antimelanogenesis Impacts. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1318-1331. [PMID: 36588480 DOI: 10.1111/php.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main factor from the environment to cause skin photoaging. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469, is a probiotic strain with a good track record for enhancing human health. The present study conducted the impacts of heat-killed L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 (RL) on photoaging in vitro using mouse skin fibroblast (MSF) cells and human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) exposed to UVB. The results showed that (1) RL-protected UVB-induced cytotoxicity relating to absorb UVB and reduce DNA damage. (2) RL exerted the antiwrinkle impact involved in two aspects. Firstly, RL downregulated MMP-1, 2, 3 expressions associating with MAPK signaling, resulting in the increased the protein expression of COL1A1, further booting type I collagen abundant thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. Secondly, RL reduced ROS content, further decreasing oxidative damage relating to Nrf2/Sirt3/SOD2 signaling, thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. (3) RL suppressed tyrosinase and TYRP-2 activity and/or levels associating with PKA/CREB/MITF signaling, thereby promoting antimelanogenesis impact in HEM cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RL could reduce photoaging caused by UVB via antiwrinkle and antimelanogenesis properties and may be a potential antiphotoaging beneficial component, which is applied in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yadong Zhao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Song
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengshun Wen
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingting Meng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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Kumar H, Dhalaria R, Guleria S, Cimler R, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Valko M, Nepovimova E, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Kumar V, Pathera AK, Verma N, Kaur T, Manickam S, Alomar SY, Kuča K. Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115022. [PMID: 37336149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of H2O2 has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of H2O2, the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing H2O2‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by H2O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Richard Cimler
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narinder Verma
- School of Management and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Talwinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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15
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You T, Zhao Y, Liu S, Xu H. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 Attenuated Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Regulating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13424. [PMID: 37686229 PMCID: PMC10488115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide causes side effects in cancer patients, including hepatotoxicity. Probiotics have recently emerged as potential approaches for the administration of many diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 against cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were pre-administered to mice with varying duration (1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks) before being intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 7 days to induce liver injury. Results demonstrated that cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury was characterized by histopathological disorders, including irregular central venous shape and hepatic vascular rupture, as well as a severe inflammation response and oxidative stress. The administration of probiotics for 3 weeks exerted the most significant improvements in alleviating liver injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation when compared to the shorter intervention duration. Notably, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 exhibited more pronounced effects than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Furthermore, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 enhanced the antioxidant defense system by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating hepatotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, this study highlighted the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 to alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; (T.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
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16
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Chen W, Lu W. Lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide: Formation, immunomodulatory ability, health effects, and structure-function relationship. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127432. [PMID: 37320895 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have implications for host health and act as food ingredients. Due to the variability of LAB-EPS (lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide) gene clusters, especially the glycosyltransferase genes that determine monosaccharide composition, the structure of EPS is very rich. EPSs are synthesized by LAB through the extracellular synthesis pathway and the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. LAB-EPS has a strong immunomodulatory ability. The EPSs produced by different genera of LAB, especially Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus, have different immunomodulatory abilities because of their specific structures. LAB-EPS possesses other health effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, intestinal barrier repair, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cholesterol-lowering activities. The bioactivities of LAB-EPS are tightly related to their structures such us monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight (MW). For the excellent physicochemical property, LAB-EPS acts as product improvers in dairy, bakery food, and meat in terms of stability, emulsification, thickening, and gelling. We systematically summarize the detailed process of EPS from synthesis to application, with emphasis on physiological mechanisms of EPS, and specific structure-function relationship, which provides theoretical support for the potential commercial value in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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17
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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus—A Promising Tool for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus spp. are already known for their beneficial effect on human health and new research supports their role in colon cancer prevention and treatment. The current study reports the effect of different concentrations of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LGG, 106–109 CFU/mL), alone or in association with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 10 μM), tested against normal HaCaT cells, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma and HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cell lines. The underlying cytotoxic effect was further investigated. LGG treatment of HT-29 and HCT-116 cells caused a variety of apoptotic-related nuclear morphological changes, as revealed by DAPI staining. ELISA studies showed that LGG treatment increased caspase-3 activity and pro-apoptotic BAX protein levels while decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels and the proto-oncogene Cyclin D1. A more detailed examination of the mitochondrial function revealed that high concentrations of LGG can impair mitochondrial function in HT-29 and HCT-116 cancer cells. All of these findings suggest that LGG has a pro-apoptotic, mitochondrial-targeted, cytotoxic effect on both colon cancer cell lines studied.
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18
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Li J, Li Q, Wu Q, Gao N, Wang Z, Yang Y, Shan A. Exopolysaccharides of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorate Salmonella typhimurium-induced intestinal inflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 36872332 PMCID: PMC9987055 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella typhimurium (S.T), as an important foodborne bacterial pathogen, can cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Numerous studies have confirmed that exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have various biological functions, but the mechanism through which EPSs improve the immunity of animals against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is unclear. Here, we explored the protective effect of EPSs of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on the S.T-infected intestine. METHODS Mice received adequate food and drinking water for one week before the start of the experiment. After 7 d of prefeeding, 2×108 CFU/mL S.T solution and an equivalent volume of saline (control group) were given orally for 1 d. On the fourth day, the mice were treated with 0.5 mg/mL EPSs, 1.0 mg/mL EPSs, 2.0 mg/mL EPSs, or 2.0 mg/mL penicillin for 7 d. Finally, the body and relative organ weight, histological staining, and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokines were determined. RESULTS The S.T-infected mice exhibited symptoms of decreased appetite, somnolence, diarrhea and flagging spirit. Treatment with EPSs and penicillin improved the weight loss of the mice, and the high dose of EPSs showed the best therapeutic effect. EPSs significantly ameliorated S.T-induced ileal injury in mice. High-dose EPSs were more effective than penicillin for alleviating ileal oxidative damage induced by S.T. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of mice showed that the regulatory effects of EPSs on inflammatory cytokines were better than those of penicillin. EPSs could inhibit the expression and activation of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway and thereby suppress the level of S.T-induced ileal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS EPSs attenuate S.T-induced immune responses by inhibiting the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, EPSs could promote bacterial aggregation into clusters, which may be a potential strategy for reducing the bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qiuke Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
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19
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Yang S, Xu X, Peng Q, Ma L, Qiao Y, Shi B. Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria, as an alternative to antibiotics, on regulation of intestinal health and the immune system. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:78-89. [PMID: 37025257 PMCID: PMC10070398 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Over-use or misuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry production contributes to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance in animals and has negative ecological effects. Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB-EPS) are a class of biological macromolecules which are secreted by lactic acid bacteria to the outside of the cell wall during their growth and metabolism. Numerous studies demonstrated that LAB-EPS have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and are able to regulate intestinal health and the immune system in livestock. They are biodegradable, nontoxic and bio-compatible, which are considered as ideal alternatives to antibiotics. This review aims to discuss and summarize recent research findings of LAB-EPS on regulation of intestinal health and the immune system in animals, and thus provide scientific justification for commercial applications of LAB-EPS in livestock.
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Hu W, Bi S, Shao J, Qu Y, Zhang L, Li J, Chen S, Ma Y, Cao L. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Re alleviates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress of broiler chicks challenged by lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102536. [PMID: 36764136 PMCID: PMC9929597 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study showed that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) and ginsenoside Re (Re) alleviated growth inhibition of broiler chicks with immune stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rg1 and Re on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in liver of broilers with immune stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Forty broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consisting of 10 chickens. The model group, Rg1 group, and Re group were received continuously interval injection of 250 μg/kg body weight LPS at the age of 12, 14, 33, and 35 days to induce immune stress. Control group was injected with an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Then broilers in Rg1 group and Re group were given 1mg/kg body weight Rg1 and Re intraperitoneally 2 h after the LPS challenge respectively. Blood samples were collected for the detection of hormone levels, inflammatory mediators, and antioxidant parameters. Hepatic tissues were taken for pathological observation. Total RNA was extracted from the liver for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results showed that Rg1 or Re could alleviate histological changes of liver, reduce production of stress-related hormones, inhibit inflammatory responses, and enhance antioxidant capacity in broilers challenged by immune stress. In addition, Rg1 or Re treatment upregulated mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes and downregulated mRNA expression of inflammation-related factors and apoptosis-related genes in the liver of immune-stressed broilers. The results suggest that the plant extracts containing Rg1 and Re can be used for ameliorating hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation and controlling immune stress in broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng Bi
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Jianjian Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Sihuai Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Liting Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China.
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Evaluation of the Anticancer and Probiotic Potential of Autochthonous (Wild) Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strains from New Ecological Niches as a Possible Additive for Functional Dairy Foods. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010185. [PMID: 36613399 PMCID: PMC9818674 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. could modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, supporting gastrointestinal tract barrier function and benefiting human health. To evaluate the anticancer and probiotic properties of potentially active autochthonous Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains on proliferating and differentiated enterocytes, human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 was used as a model. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from new ecological niches—mountain anthills populated by redwood ants (Formica rufa L.). Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29, ATCC, HTB-38™) were treated for twenty-four hours with supernatants (SNs) derived from four strains of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: P4, C8, C15 and M2.1. An MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, IAP, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were evaluated. The MTT assay revealed that the observed effects varied among groups. However, 10% neutralized supernatants from P4, C8, C15 and M2.1 strains did not show cytotoxic effects. In contrast to non-differentiated cells, a significant (p < 0.001) rise in ALP activity in all treatments, with an average of 18%, was established in differentiated cells. The IAP expression was remarkably downregulated in the differentiated M2.1 group (p < 0.05) and upregulated in the non-differentiated P4 (p < 0.05) and M2.1 (p < 0.05) groups. The Bax/Bcl-2 quantity expression ratio in P4 was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in proliferating cancer cells, but in P4- and M2.1-differentiated cells these values were downregulated (p < 0.05). The obtained results indicate that the isolated L. paracasei strains possess anticancer and probiotic properties and could be used as additives for functional dairy foods and thus benefit human health.
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Li J, Wang C, Zhang S, Xing J, Song C, Meng Q, Li J, Jia S, Shan A. Anaerobic fermentation featuring wheat bran and rice bran realizes the clean transformation of Chinese cabbage waste into livestock feed. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108047. [PMID: 37032852 PMCID: PMC10079868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid aerobic decomposition and a high cost/benefit ratio restrain the transformation of Chinese cabbage waste into livestock feed. Herein, anaerobically co-fermenting Chinese cabbage waste with wheat bran and rice bran at different dry matter levels (250, 300, 350 g/kg fresh weight) was employed to achieve the effective and feasible clean transformation of Chinese cabbage waste, and the related microbiological mechanisms were revealed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The bran treatments caused an increase in pH value (4.75-77.25%) and free amino acid content (12.09-152.66%), but a reduction in lactic acid concentration (54.58-77.25%) and coliform bacteria counts (15.91-20.27%). In addition, the wheat bran treatment improved the levels of short-chain fatty acids, nonprotein nitrogen, water-soluble carbohydrates and antioxidant activity and reduced the ammonia nitrogen contents. In contrast, the rice bran treatment decreased the levels of acetic acid, water-soluble carbohydrates, nonprotein nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and antioxidant activities. Microbiologically, the bran treatments stimulated Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Weissella but inhibited Lactococcus and Leuconostoc, which were the primary organic acid producers reflected by the redundancy analysis. In addition, Chinese cabbage waste fermented with wheat bran at 350 g/kg fresh weight or with rice bran at 300 g/kg fresh weight increased the scale and complexity of bacteriome, promoted commensalism or mutualism and upregulated the global metabolism pathways, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms. Furthermore, the bran treatments resulted in an increase in bacterial communities that were facultatively anaerobic, biofilm-formed, Gram-negative, potentially pathogenic and stress-tolerant. Collectively, the bran treatments inhibited effluent formation and protein degradation and improved nutrient preservation but reduced organic acid production during the anaerobic fermentation, which is linked to the variations in the bacteriome, indicating that the constructed fermentation system should be further optimized.
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Stankov S, Fidan H, Dincheva I, Balabanova T, Ibrahim SA. Quality indicators of traditional Bulgarian artisanal sheep’s cheese. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235801003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is focused on the evaluation of the quality parameters of artisan sheep cheese produced by old Bulgarian technology. The study was carried out in three stages - at the end of the ripening process (45th day), during and at the end of storage (180th and 360th day). An increase of 9.0% in dry matter and a decrease in water content and titratable acidity values were observed over the entire period studied. There was a decrease in oleic fatty acid (C18:1n9c) from 28.16% at day 45 to 26.09% at day 360 of ripening. In the case of palmitic acid (C16:0) the values recorded were similar from 30.24% (45th day) to 30.74% (360th day). Changes in the composition of organic acids were observed, with lactic acid levels decreasing from 27.66% at day 45 to 8.62% at day 360. After microbiological analysis, it was found that the main microflora present in the samples were representatives of lactic acid microorganisms as compared to the non-starter microflora.
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Kaur N, Dey P. Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Emerging Bioactive Macromolecules: From Fundamentals to Applications. Res Microbiol 2022; 174:104024. [PMID: 36587857 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular carbohydrate polymers forming capsules or slimy coating around the cells. EPS can be secreted by various bacterial genera that can help bacterial cells in attachment, environmental adaptation, stress tolerance and are an integral part of microbial biofilms. Several gut commensals (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) produce EPS that possess diverse bioactivities. Bacterial EPS also has extensive commercial applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Owing to the structural and functional diversity, genetic and metabolic engineering strategies are currently employed to increase EPS production. Therefore, the current review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of bacterial exopolysaccharides, including their classification, source, biosynthetic pathways, and functions in the microbial community. The review also provides an overview of the diverse bioactivities of microbial EPS, including immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer properties. Since several gut microbes are EPS producers and gut microbiota helps maintain a functional gut barrier, emphasis has been given to the intestinal-level bioactivities of the gut microbial EPS. Collectively, the review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial bioactive exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Li H, Wang J, Fu Y, Zhu K, Dong Z, Shan J, Di L, Jiang S, Yuan T. The Bioavailability of Glycyrrhizinic Acid Was Enhanced by Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 Supplementation in Liver Fibrosis Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245278. [PMID: 36558437 PMCID: PMC9782010 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizinic acid (GL) is clinically applied to treat liver injury, and the bioavailability of orally administered GL is closely related to the gut microbiota. Therefore, the dysbiosis of gut flora in liver injury could significantly influence GL bioavailability. Still, less is known about the impact of probiotic supplementation on the bio-absorption process of oral medication, especially under a pathological state. Herein, probiotic L. rhamnosus R0011 (R0011) with a high viability in the harsh gastrointestinal environment was selected, and the effect of R0011 on the GL bioavailability in rats was investigated. Four groups of rats (n = 6 per group) were included: the normal group (N group), the normal group supplemented with R0011 (NLGG group), CCl4-induced chronic liver injury model (M group), and the model group supplemented with R0011 (MLGG group). Our results showed that liver injury was successfully induced in the M and MLGG groups via an intraperitoneal injection of 50% (v/v) CCl4 solution. Healthy rats supplemented with R0011 could increase the bioavailability of GL by 1.4-fold compared with the normal group by plasma pharmacokinetic analysis. Moreover, the GL bioavailability of MLGG group was significantly increased by 4.5-fold compared with the model group. R0011 directly improved gut microbial glucuronidase and downregulated the host intestinal drug transporter gene expression of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). More critically, R0011 restored the gut microbiota composition and regulated the metabolic function, significantly enhancing the microbial tryptophan metabolic pathway compared with the pathological state, which may indirectly promote the bioavailability of GL. Overall, these data may provide possible strategies by which to address the low bioavailability of traditional medicine through probiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiling Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianjie Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence:
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Ding C, Wu H, Cao X, Gao Z, Tang Z, Fan W, Yan L, Liu B, Lin H, Song S. Lactobacillus crispatus-derived exopolysaccharides with antibacterial activity limit Salmonella typhimurium invasion by inhibiting inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Food Funct 2022; 13:10501-10515. [PMID: 36148688 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide (EPS 7-4) with a molecular weight of 53 387 Da was isolated from Lactobacillus crispatus, and it was mainly composed of mannose (36.9%) and glucose (30.8%). EPS 7-4 showed excellent inhibitory effects on the proliferation, biofilm formation, and virulence factor gene expression of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial wall. Furthermore, EPS 7-4 can effectively restrict bacterial translocation, upregulate the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., and alleviate the S. typhimurium induced severe inflammatory response in the intestinal tract of mice. Besides, we demonstrated that EPS 7-4 can protect mice by inhibiting S. typhimurium induced pyroptosis, with the mechanism that EPS 7-4 affects ASC oligomerization during inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Therefore, due to its excellent anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory abilities, EPS 7-4 is a promising health regulator owing to its excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Huixian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Management Office of Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhangshan Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhihui Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Liping Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Management Office of Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Ameliorated UVB-Induced Oxidative Damage and Photoaging and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101875. [PMID: 36290598 PMCID: PMC9598452 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a major environmental causative factor of skin oxidative damage and photoaging. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei is a well-known probiotic strain that can regulate skin health. The present study investigated the effects of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (PL) on UVB linked oxidative damage and photoaging in skin cells (Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and B16F10 murine melanoma cells). Results demonstrated that: (1) PL prevented UVB-induced cytotoxicity relating to decreased DNA damage in NHDF and B16F10 cells; (2) PL alleviated UVB-induced oxidative damage through increasing GSH content, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA levels (except MnSOD activity and mRNA levels as well as CAT mRNA level) relating to the activation of Sirt1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling in NHDF cells; (3) PL attenuated UVB-induced photoaging was noticed with a decrease in the percentage of SA-β-gal positive cells in NHDF cells model. Moreover, PL attenuated UVB-induced photoaging through exerting an anti-wrinkling effect by enhancing the type I collagen level relating to the inhibition (JNK, p38)/(c-Fos, c-Jun) of signaling in NHDF cells, and exerting an anti-melanogenic effect by suppressing tyrosinase and TYRP-1 activity and/or expressions relating to the inhibition of PKA/CREB/MITF signaling in B16F10 cells. In conclusion, PL could ameliorate UVB-induced oxidative damage and photoaging. Therefore, PL may be a potential antioxidant and anti-photoaging active ingredient for the cosmetic industry.
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The Changes Occurring in Proteins during Processing and Storage of Fermented Meat Products and Their Regulation by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162427. [PMID: 36010427 PMCID: PMC9407609 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein, which is the main component of meat, is degraded and oxidized during meat fermentation. During fermentation, macromolecular proteins are degraded into small peptides and free amino acids, and oxidation leads to amino acid side chain modification, molecular crosslinking polymerization, and peptide chain cleavage. At different metabolic levels, these reactions may affect the protein structure and the color, tenderness, flavor, and edible value of fermented meat products. Lactic acid bacteria are currently a research hotspot for application in the fermented meat industry. Its growth metabolism and derivative metabolites formed during the fermentation of meat products regulate protein degradation and oxidation to a certain extent and improve product quality. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the changes occurring in proteins in fermented meat products and their effects on the quality of the products. Referring to studies on the effects of lactic acid bacteria on protein degradation and oxidation from all over the world, this review aims to provide a relevant reference for improving the quality of fermented meat products.
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Li B, Pan LL, Sun J. Novel Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Were Identified from Healthy Infant Feces and Exhibited Anti-Inflammatory Capacities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071246. [PMID: 35883737 PMCID: PMC9312049 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from infant feces, and select candidates to be used as potential antioxidants for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases; To meet the criteria for probiotic attributes, the isolates were subjected to various in vitro tests and 16S rRNA genotypic characterization. Besides, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of selected isolates were separately assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot; The selected strains belonged to Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Notably, three selected strains (L. gasseri FWJL-4, L. plantarum Fjias-5 and L. rhamnosus FSJ-13) particularly L. gasseri FWJL-4 significantly down-regulated mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β. Most importantly, three strains-treated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages displayed enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced H2O2 production, which were associated with the enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1; Three selected strains, particularly L. gasseri FWJL-4, are good candidates that merit additional in vivo investigation for the validation and application of their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (L.-L.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (L.-L.P.); (J.S.)
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30
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Targeting Nrf2 with Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Treatment of Periodontitis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050729. [PMID: 35625655 PMCID: PMC9139160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a destructive disease of the tooth-surrounding tissues. Infection is the etiological cause of the disease, but its extent and severity depend on the immune–inflammatory response of the host. Immune cells use reactive oxygen species to suppress infections, and there is homeostasis between oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms during periodontal health. During periodontitis, however, increased oxidative stress triggers tissue damage, either directly by activating apoptosis and DNA damage or indirectly by activating proteolytic cascades. Periodontal treatment aims to maintain an infection and inflammation-free zone and, in some cases, regenerate lost tissues. Although mechanical disruption of the oral biofilm is an indispensable part of periodontal treatment, adjunctive measures, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications, are also frequently used, especially in patients with suppressed immune responses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics activate antioxidant mechanisms and can suppress extensive oxidative stress via their ability to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The aim of this narrative review is to describe the essential role of Nrf2 in the maintenance of periodontal health and to propose possible mechanisms to restore the impaired Nrf2 response in periodontitis, with the aid of probiotic and postbiotics.
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Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Benefits for Humans and Farmed Animals. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091284. [PMID: 35564008 PMCID: PMC9101012 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are structurally diverse biopolymers with a broad range of technological properties and bioactivities. There is scientific evidence that these polymers have health-promoting properties. Most commercialized probiotic microorganisms for consumption by humans and farmed animals are LAB and some of them are EPS-producers indicating that some of their beneficial properties could be due to these polymers. Probiotic LAB are currently used to improve human health and for the prevention and treatment of specific pathologic conditions. They are also used in food-producing animal husbandry, mainly due to their abilities to promote growth and inhibit pathogens via different mechanisms, among which the production of EPS could be involved. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of the characteristics, usage and biological role of EPS from LAB, as well as their postbiotic action in humans and animals, and to predict the future contribution that they could have on the diet of food animals to improve productivity, animal health status and impact on public health.
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Méndez-Albiñana P, Martínez-González Á, Camacho-Rodríguez L, Ferreira-Lazarte Á, Villamiel M, Rodrigues-Díez R, Balfagón G, García-Redondo AB, Prieto-Nieto MI, Blanco-Rivero J. Supplementation with the Symbiotic Formulation Prodefen® Increases Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Superior Mesenteric Artery from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040680. [PMID: 35453365 PMCID: PMC9029967 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, gut dysbiosis has been related to some peripheral vascular alterations linked to hypertension. In this work, we explore whether gut dysbiosis is related to vascular innervation dysfunction and altered nitric oxide (NO) production in the superior mesenteric artery, one of the main vascular beds involved in peripheral vascular resistance. For this purpose, we used spontaneously hypertensive rats, either treated or not with the commercial synbiotic formulation Prodefen® (108 colony forming units/day, 4 weeks). Prodefen® diminished systolic blood pressure and serum endotoxin, as well as the vasoconstriction elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS), and enhanced acetic and butyric acid in fecal samples, and the vasodilation induced by the exogenous NO donor DEA-NO. Unspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more markedly in rats supplemented with Prodefen®. Both neuronal NO release and neuronal NOS activity were enhanced by Prodefen®, through a hyperactivation of protein kinase (PK)A, PKC and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-AKT signaling pathways. The superoxide anion scavenger tempol increased both NO release and DEA-NO vasodilation only in control animals. Prodefen® caused an increase in both nuclear erythroid related factor 2 and superoxide dismutase activities, consequently reducing both superoxide anion and peroxynitrite releases. In summary, Prodefen® could be an interesting non-pharmacological approach to ameliorate hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Méndez-Albiñana
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-A.); (Á.M.-G.); (L.C.-R.); (G.B.); (A.B.G.-R.)
- Group of Chemistry and Functionality of Carbohydrates and Derivatives, Food Science Research Institute (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Á.F.-L.); (M.V.)
| | - Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-A.); (Á.M.-G.); (L.C.-R.); (G.B.); (A.B.G.-R.)
| | - Laura Camacho-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-A.); (Á.M.-G.); (L.C.-R.); (G.B.); (A.B.G.-R.)
| | - Álvaro Ferreira-Lazarte
- Group of Chemistry and Functionality of Carbohydrates and Derivatives, Food Science Research Institute (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Á.F.-L.); (M.V.)
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Group of Chemistry and Functionality of Carbohydrates and Derivatives, Food Science Research Institute (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Á.F.-L.); (M.V.)
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Díez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Cardiovascular Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Balfagón
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-A.); (Á.M.-G.); (L.C.-R.); (G.B.); (A.B.G.-R.)
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Cardiovascular Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. García-Redondo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-A.); (Á.M.-G.); (L.C.-R.); (G.B.); (A.B.G.-R.)
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Cardiovascular Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Isabel Prieto-Nieto
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario la Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.I.P.-N.); (J.B.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-497-5446 (J.B.-R.)
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-A.); (Á.M.-G.); (L.C.-R.); (G.B.); (A.B.G.-R.)
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Cardiovascular Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.I.P.-N.); (J.B.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-497-5446 (J.B.-R.)
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Tsigkrimani M, Panagiotarea K, Paramithiotis S, Bosnea L, Pappa E, Drosinos EH, Skandamis PN, Mataragas M. Microbial Ecology of Sheep Milk, Artisanal Feta, and Kefalograviera Cheeses. Part II: Technological, Safety, and Probiotic Attributes of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030459. [PMID: 35159609 PMCID: PMC8834287 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine 189 LAB strains belonging to the species Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Latilactobacillus curvatus, Lp. plantarum, Levilactobacillus brevis, and Weissella paramesenteroides isolated form sheep milk, Feta and Kefalograviera cheeses at different ripening stages, for their technological compatibility with dairy products manufacturing, their activities that may compromise safety of the dairy products as well as their capacity to survive in the human gastrointestinal tract. For that purpose, milk acidification and coagulation capacity, caseinolytic, lipolytic, hemolytic, gelatinolytic, and bile salt hydrolase activity, production of exopolysaccharides, antimicrobial compounds, and biogenic amines, as well as acid and bile salt tolerance and antibiotic susceptibility were examined. The faster acidifying strains were Lc. lactis DRD 2658 and P. pentosaceus DRD 2657 that reduced the pH value of skim milk, within 6 h to 5.97 and 5.92, respectively. Strains able to perform weak caseinolysis were detected in all species assessed. On the contrary, lipolytic activity, production of exopolysaccharides, amino acid decarboxylation, hemolytic, gelatinase, and bile salt hydrolase activity were not detected. Variable susceptibility to the antibiotics examined was detected among LAB strains. However, in the majority of the cases, resistance was evident. None of the strains assessed, managed to survive to exposure at pH value 1. On the contrary, 25.9 and 88.9% of the strains survived after exposure at pH values 2 and 3, respectively; the reduction of the population was larger in the first case. The strains survived well after exposure to bile salts. The strain-dependent character of the properties examined was verified. Many strains, belonging to different species, have presented very interesting properties; however, further examination is needed before their potential use as starter or adjunct cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markella Tsigkrimani
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (E.H.D.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Konstantina Panagiotarea
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (E.H.D.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (E.H.D.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Loulouda Bosnea
- Department of Dairy Research, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 3 Ethnikis Antistaseos St., 45221 Ioannina, Greece; (L.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Eleni Pappa
- Department of Dairy Research, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 3 Ethnikis Antistaseos St., 45221 Ioannina, Greece; (L.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Eleftherios H. Drosinos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (E.H.D.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Panagiotis N. Skandamis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (E.H.D.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Marios Mataragas
- Department of Dairy Research, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 3 Ethnikis Antistaseos St., 45221 Ioannina, Greece; (L.B.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Probiotic Molecules That Inhibit Inflammatory Diseases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of probiotics for health purposes has increased vastly in the past few decades, and yet the scientific evidence to support health benefits from probiotics is only beginning to emerge. As more probiotics are studied, we are beginning to understand the mechanisms of action by which they benefit human health, as well as to identify the bacterial molecules responsible for these benefits. A new era of therapeutics is on the horizon in which purified molecules from probiotics will be used to prevent and treat diseases. In this review, we summarize the active molecules from probiotic bacteria that have been shown to affect innate and adaptive immunity and have health benefits in experimental settings. We focus particularly on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis and its active molecule, exopolysaccharide (ESPBs).
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Jiang Y, Qi Y, Liu X, Fang L, Gao Y, Liu C, Wu D, Wang X, Zhao F, Wang J, Min W. Neuroprotective effects of fermented yak milk-derived peptide LYLKPR on H 2O 2-injured HT-22 cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:12021-12038. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the neuroprotective effect of the peptide LYLKPR derived from fermented yak milk by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JLAU103 on H2O2-injured HT-22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, P. R. China
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