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Mio K, Ogawa R, Tadenuma N, Aoe S. Arabinoxylan as well as β-glucan in barley promotes GLP-1 secretion by increasing short-chain fatty acids production. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101343. [PMID: 36123993 PMCID: PMC9482107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley is rich in soluble dietary fiber including β-glucan and arabinoxylan. Barley β-glucan is fermented by gut bacteria and, thereby contributes to an effect on intestinal bacterial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It also increases GLP-1 secretion via SCFAs receptor. However, few studies have focused on barley arabinoxylan. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of arabinoxylan from barley on intestinal fermentability and GLP-1 secretion. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing arabinoxylan-dominant barley flour without β-glucan (bgl) and high β-glucan-containing barley flour (BF) for 12 weeks. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to measure insulin and GLP-1 concentrations. The concentration of SCFAs in the cecum contents was also determined. Furthermore, we measured mRNA expression assay GLP-1 secretion using real-time PCR. The OGTT result showed that GLP-1 concentrations at 60 min were increased in mice fed bgl and BF. Acetic acid and total SCFAs concentrations in the cecum contents were increased in both the barley groups, and butyric acid was increased in the bgl group. Furthermore, the bgl and BF groups had increased Gpr43, a receptor for SCFAs, and NeuroD which is involved in L cell differentiation. These results show arabinoxylan as well as β-glucan is involved in the SCFAs-mediated increase in GLP-1 secretion upon barley consumption.
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Zhang M, Li RW, Yang H, Tan Z, Liu F. Recent advances in developing butyrogenic functional foods to promote gut health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4410-4431. [PMID: 36330804 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major short-chain fatty acids produced via microbial fermentation, butyrate serves as not only a preferred energy substrate but also an important signaling molecule. Butyrate concentrations in circulation, tissues, and gut luminal contents have important pathophysiological implications. The genetic capacity of butyrate biosynthesis by the gut microbiota is frequently compromised during aging and various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders and colorectal cancer. Substantial efforts have been made to identify potent butyrogenic substrates and butyrate-hyperproducing bacteria to compensate for butyrate deficiency. Interindividual butyrogenic responses exist, which are more strongly predicted by heterogeneity in the gut microbiota composition than by ingested prebiotic substrates. In this review, we catalog major food types rich in butyrogenic substrates. We also discuss the potential of butyrogenic foods with proven properties for promoting gut health and disease management using findings from clinical trials. Potential limitations and constraints in the current research are highlighted. We advocate a precise nutrition approach in designing future clinical trials by prescreening individuals for key gut microbial signatures when recruiting study volunteers. The information provided in this review will be conducive to the development of microbiota engineering approaches for enhancing the sustained production of butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Robert W Li
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- College of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Maruyama S, Matsuoka T, Hosomi K, Park J, Nishimura M, Murakami H, Konishi K, Miyachi M, Kawashima H, Mizuguchi K, Kobayashi T, Ooka T, Yamagata Z, Kunisawa J. Classification of the Occurrence of Dyslipidemia Based on Gut Bacteria Related to Barley Intake. Front Nutr 2022; 9:812469. [PMID: 35399681 PMCID: PMC8988889 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.812469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley is a grain rich in β-glucan, a soluble dietary fiber, and its consumption can help maintain good health and reduce the risk of metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia. However, the effect of barley intake on the risk of dyslipidemia has been found to vary among individuals. Differences in gut bacteria among individuals may be a determining factor since dietary fiber is metabolized by gut bacteria and then converted into short-chain fatty acids with physiological functions that reduce the risk of dyslipidemia. This study examined whether gut bacteria explained individual differences in the effects of barley intake on dyslipidemia using data from a cross-sectional study. In this study, participants with high barley intake and no dyslipidemia were labeled as “responders” to the reduced risk of dyslipidemia based on their barley intake and their gut bacteria. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the fecal samples of responders (n = 22) were richer in Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus 1, Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, and Lachnospira than those of non-responders (n = 43), who had high barley intake but symptoms of dyslipidemia. These results indicate the presence of certain gut bacteria that define barley responders. Therefore, we attempted to generate a gut bacteria-based responder classification model through machine learning using random forest. The area under the curve value of the classification model in estimating the effect of barley on the occurrence of dyslipidemia in the host was 0.792 and the Matthews correlation coefficient was 0.56. Our findings connect gut bacteria to individual differences in the effects of barley on lipid metabolism, which could assist in developing personalized dietary strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Maruyama
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Matsuoka
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tsubasa Matsuoka
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mao Nishimura
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawashima
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kobayashi
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadao Ooka
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate Schools of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate Schools of Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tian H, Ye C, Yang B, Cui J, Zheng Z, Wu C, Zhou S, Lv X, Qin N, Qin H, Li N, Chen Q. Gut Metagenome as a Potential Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarker in Slow Transit Constipation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:777961. [PMID: 35211481 PMCID: PMC8862142 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.777961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal diagnoses. In this study, we conducted a quantitative metagenomics study in 118 Chinese individuals. These participants were divided into the discovery cohort of 50 patients with STC and 40 healthy controls as well as a validation cohort of 16 patients and 12 healthy controls. We found that the intestinal microbiome of patients with STC was significantly different from that of healthy individuals at the phylum, genus, and species level. Patients with STC had markedly higher levels of Alistipes and Eubacterium and lower abundance of multiple species belonging to the Roseburia genus. Patients with STC gene expression levels and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthology pathway (such as fatty acid biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, and methane metabolism pathways) enrichment were also substantially different from those of healthy controls. These microbiome and metabolite differences may be valuable biomarkers for STC. Our findings suggest that alteration of the microbiome may lead to constipation by changing the levels of microbial-derived metabolites in the gut. Above findings may help us in the development of microbial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Tian
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqu Cui
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zheng
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shailan Zhou
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Lv
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Qin
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyi Chen
- Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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