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Kong X, Gui Q, Liu H, Qian F, Wang P. Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Aryl Alcohol with a Novel Kosakonia radicincitans Isolate in Tween 20/L-carnitine: Lysine-Containing Synergistic Reaction System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1509-1526. [PMID: 37428385 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral trifluoromethyl alcohols as vital intermediates are of great interest in fine chemicals and especially in pharmaceutical synthesis. In this work, a novel isolate Kosakonia radicincitans ZJPH202011 was firstly employed as biocatalyst for the synthesis of (R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol ((R)-BPFL) with good enantioselectivity. By optimizing fermentation conditions and bioreduction parameters in aqueous buffer system, the substrate concentration of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (BPFO) was doubled from 10 to 20 mM, and the enantiomeric excess (ee) value for (R)-BPFL increased from 88.8 to 96.4%. To improve biocatalytic efficiency by strengthening the mass-transfer rate, natural deep-eutectic solvents, surfactants and cyclodextrins (CDs) were introduced separately in the reaction system as cosolvent. Among them, L-carnitine: lysine (C: Lys, molar ratio 1:2), Tween 20 and γ-CD manifested higher (R)-BPFL yield compared with other same kind of cosolvents. Furthermore, based on the excellent performance of both Tween 20 and C: Lys (1:2) in enhancing BPFO solubility and ameliorating cell permeability, a Tween 20/C: Lys (1:2)-containing integrated reaction system was then established for efficient bioproduction of (R)-BPFL. After optimizing the critical factors involved in BPFO bioreduction in this synergistic reaction system, BPFO loading increased up to 45 mM and the yield reached 90.0% within 9 h, comparatively only 37.6% yield was acquired in neat aqueous buffer. This is the first report on K. radicincitans cells as new biocatalyst applied in (R)-BPFL preparation, and the developed Tween 20/C: Lys-containing synergistic reaction system has great potential for the synthesis of various chiral alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gui
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Terholsen H, Schmidt S. Cell-free chemoenzymatic cascades with bio-based molecules. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103058. [PMID: 38154324 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
For the valorization of various bio-based feedstocks, the combination of different catalytic systems with biocatalysis in chemoenzymatic cascades has been shown to have high potential. However, the development of such integrated catalytic systems is often limited by catalyst incompatibility. Therefore, incorporating novel catalytic concepts into the chemoenzymatic valorization of bio-based feedstocks is currently of great interest. This article provides an overview of the methods/approaches used to advance the development of chemoenzymatic cascades for the catalytic upgrading of bio-based feedstocks. It specifically focuses on recent developments in the combination of enzymes with organo- and chemocatalysis. Furthermore, current applications and future perspectives of integrating novel catalytic systems such as photo- and electrocatalysis toward new synthetic routes for the utilization of the often highly functionalized bio-based compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Terholsen
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Graf von Westarp W, Wiesenthal J, Spöring JD, Mengers HG, Kasterke M, Koß HJ, Blank LM, Rother D, Klankermayer J, Jupke A. Interdisciplinary development of an overall process concept from glucose to 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane via 2,3-butanediol. Commun Chem 2023; 6:253. [PMID: 37974008 PMCID: PMC10654704 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, carbon-neutral fuels have recently gained renewed attention. Here we show the development and evaluation of process routes for the production of such a fuel, the cyclic acetal 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, from glucose via 2,3-butanediol. The selected process routes are based on the sequential use of microbes, enzymes and chemo-catalysts in order to exploit the full potential of the different catalyst systems through a tailor-made combination. The catalysts (microbes, enzymes, chemo-catalysts) and the reaction medium selected for each conversion step are key factors in the development of the respective production methods. The production of the intermediate 2,3-butanediol by combined microbial and enzyme catalysis is compared to the conventional microbial route from glucose in terms of specific energy demand and overall yield, with the conventional route remaining more efficient. In order to be competitive with current 2,3-butanediol production, the key performance indicator, enzyme stability to high aldehyde concentrations, needs to be increased. The target value for the enzyme stability is an acetaldehyde concentration of 600 mM, which is higher than the current maximum concentration (200 mM) by a factor of three.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Graf von Westarp
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Wiesenthal
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dirk Spöring
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences Plant Sciences (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hendrik G Mengers
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marvin Kasterke
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (LTT), RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Koß
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (LTT), RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences Plant Sciences (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Vahidi SH, Monhemi H, Hassani Sabzevar B, Eftekhari M. Electrostatic interactions of enzymes in non-aqueous conditions: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37965802 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2280775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions of enzymes and their effects on enzyme activity and stability are poorly understood in non-aqueous conditions. Here, we investigate the contribution of the electrostatic interactions on the stability and activity of enzymes in the non-aqueous environment using molecular dynamics simulations. Lipase was selected as active and lysozyme as inactive model enzymes in non-aqueous media. Hexane was used as a common non-aqueous solvent model. In agreement with the previous experiments, simulations show that lysozyme has more structural instabilities than lipase in hexane. The number of hydrogen bonds and salt bridges of both enzymes is dramatically increased in hexane. In contrast to the other opinions, we show that the increase of the electrostatic interactions in non-aqueous media is not so favorable for enzymatic function and stability. In this condition, the newly formed hydrogen bonds and salt bridges can partially denature the local structure of the enzymes. For lysozyme, the changes in electrostatic interactions occur in all domains including the active site cleft, which leads to enzyme inactivation and destabilization. Interestingly, most of the changes in electrostatic interactions of lipase occur far from the active site regions. Therefore, the active site entrance regions remain functional in hexane. The results of this study reveal how the changes in electrostatic interactions can affect enzyme stability and activity in non-aqueous conditions. Moreover, we show for the first time how some enzymes, such as lipase, remain active in a non-aqueous environment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hooman Vahidi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Monhemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Eftekhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
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Lee Y, Lee S, Kim S, Lee D, Won K. Solvent-free enzymatic synthesis and evaluation of vanillyl propionate as an effective and biocompatible preservative. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1579-1590. [PMID: 37682355 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Preservatives are chemicals added to protect products against microbial spoilage, and thus are indispensable for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. Due to growing concerns about human health and environments in conventional chemical preservatives, many companies have been seeking safe and effective alternatives that can be produced through environment-friendly processes. In this work, in order to develop effective and safe preservatives from plants, we attempt solvent-free lipase-catalyzed transesterification of vanillyl alcohol with ethyl propionate for the first time. The reaction product, vanillyl propionate was efficiently obtained in a high yield. Unlike vanillyl alcohol and ethyl propionate, vanillyl propionate showed antimicrobial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration test showed that it exhibited high and broad antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and molds), which was overall comparable to that of propyl paraben, which is one of the most effective preservatives. It was also found to have even higher antioxidant capacity and biocompatibility with human cells than propyl paraben. Vanillyl propionate, which is a plant-based preservative produced through a green bioprocess, is expected to be successfully applied to various industries thanks to its high antimicrobial and antioxidant effect, and high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
- COSMAX, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dogyeong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Keehoon Won
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Alias FL, Nezhad NG, Normi YM, Ali MSM, Budiman C, Leow TC. Recent Advances in Overexpression of Functional Recombinant Lipases. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1737-1749. [PMID: 36971996 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous functional expression of the recombinant lipases is typically a bottleneck due to the expression in the insoluble fraction as inclusion bodies (IBs) which are in inactive form. Due to the importance of lipases in various industrial applications, many investigations have been conducted to discover suitable approaches to obtain functional lipase or increase the expressed yield in the soluble fraction. The utilization of the appropriate prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, along with the suitable vectors, promoters, and tags, has been recognized as a practical approach. One of the most powerful strategies to produce bioactive lipases is using the molecular chaperones co-expressed along with the target protein's genes into the expression host to produce the lipase in soluble fraction as a bioactive form. The refolding of expressed lipase from IBs (inactive) is another practical strategy which is usually carried out through chemical and physical methods. Based on recent investigations, the current review simultaneously highlights strategies to express the bioactive lipases and recover the bioactive lipases from the IBs in insoluble form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Liyana Alias
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cahyo Budiman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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7
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Rudzka A, Zdun B, Antos N, Montero LM, Reiter T, Kroutil W, Borowiecki P. Biocatalytic characterization of an alcohol dehydrogenase variant deduced from Lactobacillus kefir in asymmetric hydrogen transfer. Commun Chem 2023; 6:217. [PMID: 37828252 PMCID: PMC10570314 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen transfer biocatalysts to prepare optically pure alcohols are in need, especially when it comes to sterically demanding ketones, whereof the bioreduced products are either essential precursors of pharmaceutically relevant compounds or constitute APIs themselves. In this study, we report on the biocatalytic potential of an anti-Prelog (R)-specific Lactobacillus kefir ADH variant (Lk-ADH-E145F-F147L-Y190C, named Lk-ADH Prince) employed as E. coli/ADH whole-cell biocatalyst and its characterization for stereoselective reduction of prochiral carbonyl substrates. Key enzymatic reaction parameters, including the reaction medium, evaluation of cofactor-dependency, organic co-solvent tolerance, and substrate loading, were determined employing the drug pentoxifylline as a model prochiral ketone. Furthermore, to tap the substrate scope of Lk-ADH Prince in hydrogen transfer reactions, a broad range of 34 carbonylic derivatives was screened. Our data demonstrate that E. coli/Lk-ADH Prince exhibits activity toward a variety of structurally different ketones, furnishing optically active alcohol products at the high conversion of 65-99.9% and in moderate-to-high isolated yields (38-91%) with excellent anti-Prelog (R)-stereoselectivity (up to >99% ee) at substrate concentrations up to 100 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rudzka
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Zdun
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Antos
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lia Martínez Montero
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tamara Reiter
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Paweł Borowiecki
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Villa R, Ferrer-Carbonell C, Paul CE. Biocatalytic reduction of alkenes in micro-aqueous organic solvent catalysed by an immobilised ene reductase. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:5530-5535. [PMID: 38013840 PMCID: PMC10544049 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of alkenes in organic solvent is attractive for enantiopurity and product isolation, yet remains under developed. Herein we demonstrate the robustness of an ene reductase immobilised on Celite for the reduction of activated alkenes in micro-aqueous organic solvent. Full conversion was obtained in methyl t-butyl ether, avoiding hydrolysis and racemisation of products. The immobilised ene reductase showed reusability and a scale-up demonstrated its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Villa
- Biocatalysis section, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Biotechnology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Ferrer-Carbonell
- Biocatalysis section, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Biotechnology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis section, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Biotechnology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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Jung J, Liu H, Borg AJE, Nidetzky B. Solvent Engineering for Nonpolar Substrate Glycosylation Catalyzed by the UDP-Glucose-Dependent Glycosyltransferase UGT71E5: Intensification of the Synthesis of 15-Hydroxy Cinmethylin β-d-Glucoside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13419-13429. [PMID: 37655961 PMCID: PMC10510383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases are powerful catalysts of the glycosylation of natural products and xenobiotics. The low solubility of the aglycone substrate often limits the synthetic efficiency of the transformation catalyzed. Here, we explored different approaches of solvent engineering for reaction intensification of β-glycosylation of 15HCM (a C15-hydroxylated, plant detoxification metabolite of the herbicide cinmethylin) catalyzed by safflower UGT71E5 using UDP-glucose as the donor substrate. Use of a cosolvent (DMSO, ethanol, and acetonitrile; ≤50 vol %) or a water-immiscible solvent (n-dodecane, n-heptane, n-hexane, and 1-hexene) was ineffective due to enzyme activity and stability, both impaired ≥10-fold compared to a pure aqueous solvent. Complexation in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin enabled dissolution of 50 mM 15HCM while retaining the UGT71E5 activity (∼0.32 U/mg) and stability. Using UDP-glucose recycling, 15HCM was converted completely, and 15HCM β-d-glucoside was isolated in 90% yield (∼150 mg). Collectively, this study highlights the requirement for a mild, enzyme-compatible strategy for aglycone solubility enhancement in glycosyltransferase catalysis applied to glycoside synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Jung
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Annika J. E. Borg
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Sahlin J, Wu C, Buscemi A, Schärer C, Nazemi SA, S K R, Herrera-Reinoza N, Jung TA, Shahgaldian P. Nanobiocatalysts with inbuilt cofactor recycling for oxidoreductase catalysis in organic solvents. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5036-5044. [PMID: 37705789 PMCID: PMC10496889 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The major stumbling block in the implementation of oxidoreductase enzymes in continuous processes is their stark dependence on costly cofactors that are insoluble in organic solvents. We describe a chemical strategy that allows producing nanobiocatalysts, based on an oxidoreductase enzyme, that performs biocatalytic reactions in hydrophobic organic solvents without external cofactors. The chemical design relies on the use of a silica-based carrier nanoparticle, of which the porosity can be exploited to create an aqueous reservoir containing the cofactor. The nanoparticle core, possessing radial-centred pore channels, serves as a cofactor reservoir. It is further covered with a layer of reduced porosity. This layer serves as a support for the immobilisation of the selected enzyme yet allowing the diffusion of the cofactor from the nanoparticle core. The immobilised enzyme is, in turn, shielded by an organosilica layer of controlled thickness fully covering the enzyme. Such produced nanobiocatalysts are shown to catalyse the reduction of a series of relevant ketones into the corresponding secondary alcohols, also in a continuous flow fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sahlin
- Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Hofackerstrasse 30 Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | - Congyu Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Hofackerstrasse 30 Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | - Andrea Buscemi
- Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Hofackerstrasse 30 Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | - Claude Schärer
- Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Hofackerstrasse 30 Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | - Seyed Amirabbas Nazemi
- Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Hofackerstrasse 30 Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | - Rejaul S K
- Institute of Physics, University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 Basel CH-4056 Switzerland
| | - Nataly Herrera-Reinoza
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Jung
- Institute of Physics, University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 Basel CH-4056 Switzerland
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Patrick Shahgaldian
- Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Hofackerstrasse 30 Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute Klingelbergstrasse 82 Basel CH-4056 Switzerland
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11
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Domínguez de María P, Kara S, Gallou F. Biocatalysis in Water or in Non-Conventional Media? Adding the CO 2 Production for the Debate. Molecules 2023; 28:6452. [PMID: 37764228 PMCID: PMC10536496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis can be applied in aqueous media and in different non-aqueous solutions (non-conventional media). Water is a safe solvent, yet many synthesis-wise interesting substrates cannot be dissolved in aqueous solutions, and thus low concentrations are often applied. Conversely, non-conventional media may enable higher substrate loadings but at the cost of using (fossil-based) organic solvents. This paper determines the CO2 production-expressed as kg CO2·kg product-1-of generic biotransformations in water and non-conventional media, assessing both the upstream and the downstream. The key to reaching a diminished environmental footprint is the type of wastewater treatment to be implemented. If the used chemicals enable a conventional (mild) wastewater treatment, the production of CO2 is limited. If other (pre)treatments for the wastewater are needed to eliminate hazardous chemicals and solvents, higher environmental impacts can be expected (based on CO2 production). Water media for biocatalysis are more sustainable during the upstream unit-the biocatalytic step-than non-conventional systems. However, processes with aqueous media often need to incorporate extractive solvents during the downstream processing. Both strategies result in comparable CO2 production if extractive solvents are recycled at least 1-2 times. Under these conditions, a generic industrial biotransformation at 100 g L-1 loading would produce 15-25 kg CO2·kg product-1 regardless of the applied media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Kumar Mahato A, Pal S, Dey K, Reja A, Paul S, Shelke A, Ajithkumar TG, Das D, Banerjee R. Covalent Organic Framework Cladding on Peptide-Amphiphile-Based Biomimetic Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37267597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based biomimetic catalysts are promising materials for efficient catalytic activity in various biochemical transformations. However, their lack of operational stability and fragile nature in non-aqueous media limit their practical applications. In this study, we have developed a cladding technique to stabilize biomimetic catalysts within porous covalent organic framework (COF) scaffolds. This methodology allows for the homogeneous distribution of peptide nanotubes inside the COF (TpAzo and TpDPP) backbone, creating strong noncovalent interactions that prevent leaching. We synthesized two different peptide-amphiphiles, C10FFVK and C10FFVR, with lysine (K) and arginine (R) at the C-termini, respectively, which formed nanotubular morphologies. The C10FFVK peptide-amphiphile nanotubes exhibit enzyme-like behavior and efficiently catalyze C-C bond cleavage in a buffer medium (pH 7.5). We produced nanotubular structures of TpAzo-C10FFVK and TpDPP-C10FFVK through COF cladding by using interfacial crystallization (IC). The peptide nanotubes encased in the COF catalyze C-C bond cleavage in a buffer medium as well as in different organic solvents (such as acetonitrile, acetone, and dichloromethane). The TpAzo-C10FFVK catalyst, being heterogeneous, is easily recoverable, enabling the reaction to be performed for multiple cycles. Additionally, the synthesis of TpAzo-C10FFVK thin films facilitates catalysis in flow. As control, we synthesized another peptide-amphiphile, C10FFVR, which also forms tubular assemblies. By depositing TpAzo COF crystallites on C10FFVR nanotubes through IC, we produced TpAzo-C10FFVR nanotubular structures that expectedly did not show catalysis, suggesting the critical role of the lysines in the TpAzo-C10FFVK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Sumit Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Kaushik Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Antara Reja
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Satyadip Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ankita Shelke
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Thalasseril G Ajithkumar
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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13
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Ripoll M, Soriano N, Ibarburu S, Dalies M, Mulet AP, Betancor L. Bacteria-Polymer Composite Material for Glycerol Valorization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112514. [PMID: 37299313 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial immobilization is regarded as an enabling technology to improve the stability and reusability of biocatalysts. Natural polymers are often used as immobilization matrices but present certain drawbacks, such as biocatalyst leakage and loss of physical integrity upon utilization in bioprocesses. Herein, we prepared a hybrid polymeric matrix that included silica nanoparticles for the unprecedented immobilization of the industrially relevant Gluconobacter frateurii (Gfr). This biocatalyst can valorize glycerol, an abundant by-product of the biodiesel industry, into glyceric acid (GA) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Different concentrations of siliceous nanosized materials, such as biomimetic Si nanoparticles (SiNps) and montmorillonite (MT), were added to alginate. These hybrid materials were significantly more resistant by texture analysis and presented a more compact structure as seen by scanning electron microscopy. The preparation including 4% alginate with 4% SiNps proved to be the most resistant material, with a homogeneous distribution of the biocatalyst in the beads as seen by confocal microscopy using a fluorescent mutant of Gfr. It produced the highest amounts of GA and DHA and could be reused for up to eight consecutive 24 h reactions with no loss of physical integrity and negligible bacterial leakage. Overall, our results indicate a new approach to generating biocatalysts using hybrid biopolymer supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ripoll
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Soriano
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Ibarburu
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
| | - Malena Dalies
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
| | - Ana Paula Mulet
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
| | - Lorena Betancor
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
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14
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Milčić N, Švaco P, Sudar M, Tang L, Findrik Blažević Z, Majerić Elenkov M. Impact of organic solvents on the catalytic performance of halohydrin dehalogenase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2351-2361. [PMID: 36881116 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic transformations in organic synthesis often require the use of organic solvents to improve substrate solubility and promote the product formation. Halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) are enzymes that catalyze the formation and conversion of epoxides, important synthetic class of compounds that are often sparingly soluble in water and prone to hydrolysis. In this study, the activity, stability, and enantioselectivity of HHDH from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 (HheC) in form of cell-free extract were evaluated in various aqueous-organic media. A correlation was discovered between the enzyme activity in the ring-closure reaction and logP of the solvent. Knowledge of such a relationship makes biocatalysis with organic solvents more predictable, which may reduce the need to experiment with a variety of solvents in the future. The results revealed a high enzyme compatibility with hydrophobic solvents (e.g., n-heptane) in terms of activity and stability. Regarding the HHDH applicability in an organic medium, inhibitions by a number of solvents (e.g., THF, toluene, chloroform) proved to be a more challenging problem than the protein stability, especially in the ring-opening reaction, thus suggesting which solvents should be avoided. In addition, solvent tolerance of the thermostable variant ISM-4 was also evaluated, revealing increased stability and to a lesser extent enantioselectivity compared to the wild-type. This is the first time such a systematic analysis has been reported, giving insight into the behavior of HHDHs in nonconventional media and opening new opportunities for the future biocatalytic applications. KEY POINTS: • HheC performs better in the presence of hydrophobic than hydrophilic solvents. • Enzyme activity in the PNSHH ring-closure reaction is a function of the logP. • Thermostability of ISM-4 variant is accompanied by superior solvent tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Milčić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska c, 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Švaco
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c, 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Sudar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska c, 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lixia Tang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology, No. 4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu, China
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15
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Cohen B, Lehnherr D, Sezen-Edmonds M, Forstater JH, Frederick MO, Deng L, Ferretti AC, Harper K, Diwan M. Emerging Reaction Technologies in Pharmaceutical Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, and Biocatalysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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16
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Liu HT, Weng CY, Zhou L, Xu HB, Liao ZY, Hong HY, Ye YF, Li SF, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Coevolving stability and activity of LsCR by a single point mutation and constructing neat substrate bioreaction system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1521-1530. [PMID: 36799475 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase (CR)-catalyzed bioreduction in the organic phase and the neat substrate reaction system is a lasting challenge, placing higher requirements on the performance of enzymes. Protein engineering is an effective method to enhance the properties of enzymes for industrial applications. In the present work, a single point mutation E145A on our previously constructed CR mutant LsCRM3 , coevolved thermostability, and activity. Compared with LsCRM3 , the catalytic efficiency kcat /KM of LsCRM3 -E145A (LsCRM4 ) was increased from 6.6 to 21.9 s-1 mM-1 . Moreover, E145A prolonged the half-life t1/2 at 40°C from 4.1 to 117 h, T m ${T}_{m}$ was increased by 5°C, T 50 30 ${T}_{50}^{30}$ was increased by 14.6°C, and Topt was increased by 15°C. Only 1 g/L of lyophilized Escherichia coli cells expressing LsCRM4 completely reduced up to 600 g/L 2-chloro-1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ethanone (CFPO) within 13 h at 45°C, yielding the corresponding (1S)-2-chloro-1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ethanol ((S)-CFPL) in 99.5% eeP , with a space-time yield of 1.0 kg/L d, the substrate to catalyst ratios (S/C) of 600 g/g. Compared with LsCRM3 , the substrate loading was increased by 50%, with the S/C increased by 14 times. Compared with LsCRWT , the substrate loading was increased by 6.5 times. In contrast, LsCRM4 completely converted 600 g/L CFPO within 12 h in the neat substrate bioreaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yue Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Yue Hong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Fan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Piazza DM, Romanini D, Meini MR. High-efficiency novel extraction process of target polyphenols using enzymes in hydroalcoholic media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1205-1216. [PMID: 36680585 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial by-products are a sustainable source of natural additives that can replace the synthetic ones in the food industry. Grape pomace is an abundant by-product that contains about 70% of the grape's polyphenols. Polyphenols are natural antioxidants with multiple health-promoting properties. They are secondary plant metabolites with a wide range of solubilities. Here, a novel extraction process of these compounds was developed using enzymes that specifically liberates target polyphenols in the appropriate hydroalcoholic mixture. Tannase, cellulase, and pectinase retained 22, 60, and 52% of their activity, respectively, in ethanol 30% v/v. Therefore, extractions were tested in ethanol concentrations between 0 and 30% v/v. Some of these enzymes presented synergistic effects in the extraction of specific polyphenols. Maximum yield of gallic acid was obtained using tannase and pectinase enzymes in ethanol 10% v/v (49.56 ± 0.01 mg L-1 h-1); in the case of p-coumaric acid, by cellulase and pectinase treatment in ethanol 30% v/v (7.72 ± 0.26 mg L-1 h-1), and in the case of trans-resveratrol, by pectinase treatment in ethanol 30% v/v (0.98 ± 0.04 mg L-1 h-1). Also, the effect of enzymes and solvent polarity was analysed for the extraction of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, syringic acid, and quercetin. Previous studies were mainly focused on the maximization of total polyphenols extraction yields, being the polyphenolic profile the consequence but not the driving force of the optimization. In the present study, the basis of a platform for a precise extraction of the desire polyphenols is provided. KEY POINTS: • Enzymes can be used up to ethanol 30% v/v. • The specific enzymes' action determines the polyphenolic profile of the extracts. • The yields obtained of target polyphenols are competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Piazza
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diana Romanini
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Tecnología, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María-Rocío Meini
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina. .,Área Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina. .,IPROBYQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Mitre 1998 - S2000FWF, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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18
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Spöring J, Wiesenthal J, Pfennig VS, Gätgens J, Beydoun K, Bolm C, Klankermayer J, Rother D. Effective Production of Selected Dioxolanes by Sequential Bio- and Chemocatalysis Enabled by Adapted Solvent Switching. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201981. [PMID: 36448365 PMCID: PMC10107191 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most combinations of chemo- and biocatalysis take place in aqueous media or require a solvent change with complex intermediate processing. Using enzymes in the same organic solvent as the chemocatalyst eliminates this need. Here, it was shown that a complete chemoenzymatic cascade to form dioxolanes could be carried out in a purely organic environment. The result, including downstream processing, was compared with a classical mode, shifting solvent. First, a two-step enzyme cascade starting from aliphatic aldehydes to chiral diols (3,4-hexanediol and 4,5-octanediol) was run either in an aqueous buffer or in the potentially biobased solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether. Subsequently, a ruthenium molecular catalyst enabled the conversion to dioxolanes [e. g., (4S,5S)-dipropyl-1,3-dioxolane]. Importantly, the total synthesis of this product was not only highly stereoselective but also based on the combination of biomass, CO2 , and hydrogen, thus providing an important example of a bio-hybrid chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Dirk Spöring
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Jan Wiesenthal
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | | | - Jochem Gätgens
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
| | - Kassem Beydoun
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
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19
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Sehl T, Seibt L, Kappauf K, Ergezinger P, Spöring JD, Mielke K, Doeker M, Verma N, Bocola M, Daußmann T, Chen H, Shi S, Jupke A, Rother D. Enzymatic (2
R
,4
R
)‐Pentanediol Synthesis – “Putting a Bottle on the Table”. CHEM-ING-TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Sehl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology Leo-Brandt-Straße 1 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Lisa Seibt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology Leo-Brandt-Straße 1 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Katrin Kappauf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology Leo-Brandt-Straße 1 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Pia Ergezinger
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology Leo-Brandt-Straße 1 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jan-Dirk Spöring
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology Leo-Brandt-Straße 1 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Kristina Mielke
- RWTH Aachen University AVT.FVT – Fluid Process Engineering Forckenbeckstraße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Moritz Doeker
- RWTH Aachen University AVT.FVT – Fluid Process Engineering Forckenbeckstraße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Neha Verma
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH Neusser Straße 39 40219 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH Neusser Straße 39 40219 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas Daußmann
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH Neusser Straße 39 40219 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Haibin Chen
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bioengineering Co Ltd. 333 North Century Avenue 315042 Ningbo China
| | - Shumin Shi
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bioengineering Co Ltd. 333 North Century Avenue 315042 Ningbo China
| | - Andreas Jupke
- RWTH Aachen University AVT.FVT – Fluid Process Engineering Forckenbeckstraße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology Leo-Brandt-Straße 1 52425 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt) Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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20
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de Carvalho CCCR, Fernandes P. Biocatalysis of Steroids by Mycobacterium sp. in Aqueous and Organic Media. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2704:221-229. [PMID: 37642847 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3385-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium sp. can convert steroids such as β-sitosterol, campesterol, and cholesterol, by selective side-chain cleavage and oxidation of the C3 hydroxyl group to a ketone, into key intermediates that can be easily functionalized to yield commercially interesting pharmaceutical products. In aqueous systems, the biocatalysis is limited by the low solubility of the steroids in water. Several strategies have been introduced to tackle this limitation, e.g., formation of cyclodextrin-steroid complexes and generation of aqueous microdispersions with steroid particle size in the range of hundreds of nanometers. Still, the introduction of an organic phase acting as a substrate and/or product reservoir is a well-established and relatively easy to implement strategy to overcome the sparing water solubility of steroid molecules. However, the organic phase has to be carefully chosen to prevent tampering with the activity/viability of microbial cells.In this chapter, we describe the methodology for the biocatalysis of β-sitosterol to 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) and 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD), both in aqueous and organic:aqueous systems. In the latter case, both traditional organic solvents and green solvents are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C C R de Carvalho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- DREAMS and Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Mengers HG, Guntermann N, Graf von Westarp W, Jupke A, Klankermayer J, Blank LM, Leitner W, Rother D. Three Sides of the Same Coin: Combining Microbial, Enzymatic, and Organometallic Catalysis for Integrated Conversion of Renewable Carbon Sources. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik G. Mengers
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology – iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology – ABBt Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Nils Guntermann
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry – ITMC Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - William Graf von Westarp
- RWTH Aachen University Fluid Process Engineering – AVT.FVT Forckenbeckstraße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- RWTH Aachen University Fluid Process Engineering – AVT.FVT Forckenbeckstraße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry – ITMC Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology – iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology – ABBt Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry – ITMC Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Forschungzentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
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22
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Meyer LE, Hobisch M, Kara S. Process intensification in continuous flow biocatalysis by up and downstream processing strategies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102835. [PMID: 36332339 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the holistic continuous enzymatic production and put special emphasis on process intensification by up- and downstream processing in continuous flow biocatalysis. After a brief introduction, we provide an overview of current examples of enzyme immobilization as an upstream process for flow biocatalysis. Thereafter, we provide an overview of unit operations as downstream processing strategies, namely continuous (i) liquid-liquid extraction, (ii) adsorptive downstream processing, and (iii) crystallization and precipitation. Eventually, we present our perspectives on future trends in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Erik Meyer
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Hobisch
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Ma Y, Liang H, Zhao Z, Wu B, Lan D, Hollmann F, Wang Y. A Novel Unspecific Peroxygenase from Galatian marginata for Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization Reactions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Biocatalytic hydrogen-transfer to access enantiomerically pure proxyphylline, xanthinol, and diprophylline. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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de Gonzalo G, Alcántara AR, Domínguez de María P, Sánchez-Montero JM. Biocatalysis for the asymmetric synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs): this time is for real. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1159-1171. [PMID: 36045591 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biocatalysis has emerged as a powerful and useful strategy for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The outstanding developments in molecular biology techniques allow nowadays the screening, large-scale production, and designing of biocatalysts, adapting them to desired reactions. Many enzymes can perform reactions both in aqueous and non-aqueous media, broadening even further the opportunities to integrate them in complex pharmaceutical multi-step syntheses. AREAS COVERED This paper showcases several examples of biocatalysis in the pharmaceutical industry, covering examples of different enzymes, such as lipases, oxidoreductases, and transaminases, to deliver active drugs through complex synthetic routes. Examples are critically discussed in terms of reaction conditions, motivation for using an enzyme, and how biocatalysts can be integrated in multi-step syntheses. When possible, biocatalytic routes are benchmarked with chemical reactions. EXPERT OPINION The reported enzymatic examples are performed with high substrate loadings (>100 g L-1) and with excellent selectivity, making them inspiring strategies for present and future industrial applications. The combination of powerful molecular biology techniques with the needs of the pharmaceutical industry can be aligned, creating promising platforms for synthesis under more sustainable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José María Sánchez-Montero
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Unifying views on catalyst deactivation. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Behera S, Balasubramanian S. Molecular simulations explain the exceptional thermal stability, solvent tolerance and solubility of protein-polymer surfactant bioconjugates in ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21904-21915. [PMID: 36065955 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteins complexed electrostatically with polymer surfactants constitute a viscous liquid by themselves, called the solvent-free protein liquid (SFPL). A solution of SFPL in a room temperature ionic liquid (PS-IL) offers the protein hyperthermal stability, higher solubility and greater IL tolerance. A generic understanding of these protein-polymer systems is obtained herein through extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of three different enzymes (lipase A, lysozyme and myoglobin) under various conditions. Along with increased intra-protein hydrogen bonding, the surfactant coating around the proteins imparts greater thermal stability, and also aids in screening protein-IL interactions, endowing them IL tolerance. The reduced surface polarity of the protein-polymer bioconjugate and hydrogen bonding between the ethylene glycol groups of the surfactant and the IL cation contribute to the facile solvation of the protein in its PS-IL form. The results presented here rationalize several experimental observations and will aid in the improved design of such hybrid materials for sustainable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Behera
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India.
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India.
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28
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Milčić N, Stepanić V, Crnolatac I, Findrik Blažević Z, Brkljača Z, Majerić Elenkov M. Inhibitory Effect of DMSO on Halohydrin Dehalogenase: Experimental and Computational Insights into the Influence of an Organic Co‐solvent on the Structural and Catalytic Properties of a Biocatalyst. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201923. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Milčić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of Zagreb Savska c. 16 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Laboratory for Machine Learning and Knowledge Representation Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Maja Majerić Elenkov
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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29
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Meyer F, Liese A, Skiborowski M, Bubenheim P, Waluga T. Modeling of an enzymatic reactive extraction centrifuge as part of a multi‐enzyme reaction cascade. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Meyer
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Process Systems Engineering Am Schwarzenberg Campus 4 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - A. Liese
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Technical Biocatalysis Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - M. Skiborowski
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Process Systems Engineering Am Schwarzenberg Campus 4 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - P. Bubenheim
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Technical Biocatalysis Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - T. Waluga
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Process Systems Engineering Am Schwarzenberg Campus 4 21073 Hamburg Germany
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30
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Meyer L, Andersen MB, Kara S. A Deep Eutectic Solvent Thermomorphic Multiphasic System for Biocatalytic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203823. [PMID: 35587655 PMCID: PMC9400879 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of a thermomorphic multiphasic system (TMS) composed of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and an aqueous potassium phosphate buffer with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase change for homogeneous biocatalysis was investigated. A lidocaine‐based DES with the fatty acid oleic acid as a hydrogen‐bond donor was studied. Phase diagrams were determined and presented within this study. We tested different additional components to the solvent system and observed a decrease in the cloud point of approximately 0.026 °C per concentration unit. Distribution studies revealed a clear distribution of the protein in the aqueous buffer phase (>95 %), whereas the hydrophobic substrate and educt accumulated (>95 %) in the DES‐enriched layer. Finally, a reduction catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was performed in a larger‐scale experiment, and the biocatalyst could be recycled by simply removing the DES phase for three recycling runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars‐Erik Meyer
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Mads Bruno Andersen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover Callinstr. 5 30167 Hannover Germany
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31
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Bolivar JM, Woodley JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6251-6290. [PMID: 35838107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Ma Y, Zhang N, Vernet G, Kara S. Design of fusion enzymes for biocatalytic applications in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944226. [PMID: 35935496 PMCID: PMC9354712 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades play a fundamental role in sustainable chemical synthesis. Fusion enzymes are one of the powerful toolboxes to enable the tailored combination of multiple enzymes for efficient cooperative cascades. Especially, this approach offers a substantial potential for the practical application of cofactor-dependent oxidoreductases by forming cofactor self-sufficient cascades. Adequate cofactor recycling while keeping the oxidized/reduced cofactor in a confined microenvironment benefits from the fusion fashion and makes the use of oxidoreductases in harsh non-aqueous media practical. In this mini-review, we have summarized the application of various fusion enzymes in aqueous and non-aqueous media with a focus on the discussion of linker design within oxidoreductases. The design and properties of the reported linkers have been reviewed in detail. Besides, the substrate loadings in these studies have been listed to showcase one of the key limitations (low solubility of hydrophobic substrates) of aqueous biocatalysis when it comes to efficiency and economic feasibility. Therefore, a straightforward strategy of applying non-aqueous media has been briefly discussed while the potential of using the fusion oxidoreductase of interest in organic media was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillem Vernet
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Selin Kara,
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33
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Cai B, Wang J, Hu H, Liu S, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Bocola M, Sun L, Ji Y, Zhou A, He K, Peng Q, Luo X, Hong R, Wang J, Shang C, Wang Z, Yang Z, Bong YK, Daussmann T, Chen H. Transaminase Engineering and Process Development for a Whole-Cell Neat Organic Process to Produce ( R)-α-Phenylethylamine. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqin Cai
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Jiyong Wang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Marco Bocola
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH, Neusser Str. 39, Düsseldorf 40219, Germany
| | - Lei Sun
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Yaoyao Ji
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Ameng Zhou
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Kuifang He
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Qinli Peng
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Ruimei Hong
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Chuanyang Shang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Zikun Wang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Zhuhong Yang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Yong Koy Bong
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Thomas Daussmann
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH, Neusser Str. 39, Düsseldorf 40219, Germany
| | - Haibin Chen
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No. 2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
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34
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Zhang N, Bittner JP, Fiedler M, Beretta T, de María PD, Jakobtorweihen S, Kara S. Unraveling Alcohol Dehydrogenase Catalysis in Organic–Aqueous Biphasic Systems Combining Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Philipp Bittner
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Fiedler
- Institute of Process Systems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 4, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beretta
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Sven Jakobtorweihen
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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35
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Meyer L, Andersen MB, Kara S. Ein thermomorphes stark eutektisches Lösungsmittelmehrphasensystem für biokatalytische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars‐Erik Meyer
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Dänemark
| | - Mads Bruno Andersen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Dänemark
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Dänemark
- Institut für Technische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 5 30167 Hannover Deutschland
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36
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Milić M, Byström E, Domínguez de María P, Kara S. Enzymatic Cascade for the Synthesis of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid in Biphasic and Microaqueous Conditions: 'Media-Agnostic' Biocatalysts for Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102704. [PMID: 35438241 PMCID: PMC9322558 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is produced upon dehydration of C6 sugars in biorefineries. As the product, it remains either in aqueous solutions, or is in situ extracted to an organic medium (biphasic system). For the subsequent oxidation of HMF to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 'media-agnostic' catalysts that can be efficiently used in different conditions, from aqueous to biphasic, and to organic (microaqueous) media, are of interest. Here, the concept of a one-pot biocatalytic cascade for production of FDCA from HMF was reported, using galactose oxidase (GalOx) for the formation of 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), followed by the lipase-mediated peracid oxidation of DFF to FDCA. GalOx maintained its catalytic activity upon exposure to a range of organic solvents with only 1 % (v/v) of water. The oxidation of HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) was successfully established in ethyl acetate-based biphasic or microaqueous systems. To validate the concept, the reaction was conducted at 5 % (v/v) water, and integrated in a cascade where DFF was subsequently oxidized to FDCA in a reaction catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Milić
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupDepartment of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000Aarhus CDenmark
| | | | | | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupDepartment of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000Aarhus CDenmark
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverCallinstr. 530167HannoverGermany
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Rodrigues CJC, de Carvalho CCCR. Process Development for Benzyl Alcohol Production by Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in Stirred and Packed Bed Reactors. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050966. [PMID: 35630410 PMCID: PMC9147996 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocean is an excellent source for new biocatalysts due to the tremendous genetic diversity of marine microorganisms, and it may contribute to the development of sustainable industrial processes. A marine bacterium was isolated and selected for the conversion of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol, which is an important chemical employed as a precursor for producing esters for cosmetics and other industries. Enzymatic production routes are of interest for sustainable processes. To overcome benzaldehyde low water solubility, DMSO was used as a biocompatible cosolvent up to a concentration of 10% (v/v). A two-phase system with n-hexane, n-heptane, or n-hexadecane as organic phase allowed at least a 44% higher relative conversion of benzaldehyde than the aqueous system, and allowed higher initial substrate concentrations. Cell performance decreased with increasing product concentration but immobilization of cells in alginate improved four-fold the robustness of the biocatalyst: free and immobilized cells were inhibited at concentrations of benzyl alcohol of 5 and 20 mM, respectively. Scaling up to a 100 mL stirred reactor, using a fed-batch approach, enabled a 1.5-fold increase in benzyl alcohol productivity when compared with batch mode. However, product accumulation in the reactor hindered the conversion. The use of a continuous flow reactor packed with immobilized cells enabled a 9.5-fold increase in productivity when compared with the fed-batch stirred reactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. C. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-841-9594
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38
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Gygli G. On the reproducibility of enzyme reactions and kinetic modelling. Biol Chem 2022; 403:717-730. [PMID: 35357794 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme reactions are highly dependent on reaction conditions. To ensure reproducibility of enzyme reaction parameters, experiments need to be carefully designed and kinetic modeling meticulously executed. Furthermore, to enable quality control of enzyme reaction parameters, the experimental conditions, the modeling process as well as the raw data need to be reported comprehensively. By taking these steps, enzyme reaction parameters can be open and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, re-usable) as well as repeatable, replicable and reproducible. This review discusses these requirements and provides a practical guide to designing initial rate experiments for the determination of enzyme reaction parameters and gives an open, FAIR and re-editable example of the kinetic modeling of an enzyme reaction. Both the guide and example are scripted with Python in Jupyter Notebooks and are publicly available (https://fairdomhub.org/investigations/483/snapshots/1). Finally, the prerequisites of automated data analysis and machine learning algorithms are briefly discussed to provide further motivation for the comprehensive, open and FAIR reporting of enzyme reaction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Gygli
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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39
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Spöring JD, Graf von Westarp W, Kipp CR, Jupke A, Rother D. Enzymatic Cascade in a Simultaneous, One-Pot Approach with In Situ Product Separation for the Asymmetric Production of (4 S,5 S)-Octanediol. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Dirk Spöring
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1 (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Carina Ronja Kipp
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1 (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1 (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Mangiagalli M, Ami D, de Divitiis M, Brocca S, Catelani T, Natalello A, Lotti M. Short-chain alcohols inactivate an immobilized industrial lipase through two different mechanisms. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100712. [PMID: 35188703 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Broadly used in biocatalysis as acyl acceptors or (co)-solvents, short-chain alcohols often cause irreversible loss of enzyme activity. Understanding the mechanisms of inactivation is a necessary step toward the optimization of biocatalytic reactions and the design of enzyme-based sustainable processes. In this work, we explored the functional and structural response of an immobilized enzyme, Novozym 435, exposed to methanol, ethanol, and tert-butanol. N-435 consists of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) adsorbed on polymethacrylate beads and finds application in a variety of processes involving the presence of short-chain alcohols. The nature of the N-435 material required the development of an ad hoc method of structural analysis, based on Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, which was complemented by catalytic activity assays and by morphological observation by transmission electron microscopy. We found that the inactivation of N-435 is highly dependent on alcohol concentration and occurs through two different mechanisms. Short-chain alcohols induce conformational changes leading to CALB aggregation, which is only partially prevented by immobilization. Moreover, alcohol modifies the texture of the solid support promoting the enzyme release. Overall, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying Novozym 435 inactivation induced by short-chain alcohols promises to overcome the limitations that usually occur during industrial processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella de Divitiis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Microscopy Facility, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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41
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42
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Meyer J, Meyer L, Kara S. Enzyme immobilization in hydrogels: A perfect liaison for efficient and sustainable biocatalysis. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:165-177. [PMID: 35382546 PMCID: PMC8961036 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis is an established chemical synthesis technology that has by no means been restricted to research laboratories. The use of enzymes for organic synthesis has evolved greatly from early development to proof‐of‐concept – from small batch production to industrial scale. Different enzyme immobilization strategies contributed to this success story. Recently, the use of hydrogel materials for the immobilization of enzymes has been attracting great interest. Within this review, we pay special attention to recent developments in this key emerging field of research. Firstly, we will briefly introduce the concepts of both biocatalysis and hydrogel worlds. Then, we list recent interesting publications that link both concepts. Finally, we provide an outlook and comment on future perspectives of further exploration of enzyme immobilization strategies in hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Meyer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Lars‐Erik Meyer
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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43
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has an enormous impact on chemical synthesis. The waves in which biocatalysis has developed, and in doing so changed our perception of what organic chemistry is, were reviewed 20 and 10 years ago. Here we review the consequences of these waves of development. Nowadays, hydrolases are widely used on an industrial scale for the benign synthesis of commodity and bulk chemicals and are fully developed. In addition, further enzyme classes are gaining ever increasing interest. Particularly, enzymes catalysing selective C-C-bond formation reactions and enzymes catalysing selective oxidation and reduction reactions are solving long-standing synthetic challenges in organic chemistry. Combined efforts from molecular biology, systems biology, organic chemistry and chemical engineering will establish a whole new toolbox for chemistry. Recent developments are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hanefeld
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
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44
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Wang Z, Li Y, Li M, Zhang X, Ji Q, Zhao X, Bi Y, Luo S. Immobilized Fe 3O 4-Polydopamine- Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase-Catalyzed Acylation of Flavonoid Glycosides and Their Analogs: An Improved Insight Into Enzymic Substrate Recognition. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:798594. [PMID: 34869302 PMCID: PMC8636704 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.798594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of flavonoid glycosides and their analogs to their lipophilic ester derivatives was developed by nanobiocatalysts from immobilizing Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) on polydopamine-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PDA-TLL). The behavior investigation revealed that Fe3O4-PDA-TLL exhibits a preference for long chain length fatty acids (i.e., C10 to C14) with higher reaction rates of 12.6-13.9 mM/h. Regarding the substrate specificity, Fe3O4-PDA-TLL showed good substrate spectrum and favorably functionalized the primary OH groups, suggesting that the steric hindrances impeded the secondary or phenolic hydroxyl groups of substrates into the bonding site of the active region of TLL to afford the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanhong Bi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
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45
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Coloma J, Guiavarc'h Y, Hagedoorn PL, Hanefeld U. Immobilisation and flow chemistry: tools for implementing biocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11416-11428. [PMID: 34636371 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The merger of enzyme immobilisation and flow chemistry has attracted the attention of the scientific community during recent years. Immobilisation enhances enzyme stability and enables recycling, flow chemistry allows process intensification. Their combination is desirable for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly biocatalytic processes. In this feature article, we aim to point out important metrics for successful enzyme immobilisation and for reporting flow biocatalytic processes. Relevant examples of immobilised enzymes used in flow systems in organic, biphasic and aqueous systems are discussed. Finally, we describe recent developments to address the cofactor recycling hurdle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Coloma
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. .,Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Avenida Circunvalación s/n, P. O. Box 13-05-2732, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Yann Guiavarc'h
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory Reactions and Process Engineering, University of Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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46
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Getting the Most Out of Enzyme Cascades: Strategies to Optimize In Vitro Multi-Enzymatic Reactions. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro enzyme cascades possess great benefits, such as their synthetic capabilities for complex molecules, no need for intermediate isolation, and the shift of unfavorable equilibria towards the products. Their performance, however, can be impaired by, for example, destabilizing or inhibitory interactions between the cascade components or incongruous reaction conditions. The optimization of such systems is therefore often inevitable but not an easy task. Many parameters such as the design of the synthesis route, the choice of enzymes, reaction conditions, or process design can alter the performance of an in vitro enzymatic cascade. Many strategies to tackle this complex task exist, ranging from experimental to in silico approaches and combinations of both. This review collates examples of various optimization strategies and their success. The feasibility of optimization goals, the influence of certain parameters and the usage of algorithm-based optimizations are discussed.
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47
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Peng M, Siebert DL, Engqvist MKM, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS. Modeling-Assisted Design of Thermostable Benzaldehyde Lyases from Rhodococcus erythropolis for Continuous Production of α-Hydroxy Ketones. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100468. [PMID: 34558792 PMCID: PMC9293332 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure α-hydroxy ketones are important building blocks of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which can be produced by thiamine-diphosphate-dependent lyases, such as benzaldehyde lyase. Here we report the discovery of a novel thermostable benzaldehyde lyase from Rhodococcus erythropolis R138 (ReBAL). While the overall sequence identity to the only experimentally confirmed benzaldehyde lyase from Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar I (PfBAL) was only 65 %, comparison of a structural model of ReBAL with the crystal structure of PfBAL revealed only four divergent amino acids in the substrate binding cavity. Based on rational design, we generated two ReBAL variants, which were characterized along with the wild-type enzyme in terms of their substrate spectrum, thermostability and biocatalytic performance in the presence of different co-solvents. We found that the new enzyme variants have a significantly higher thermostability (up to 22 °C increase in T50 ) and a different co-solvent-dependent activity. Using the most stable variant immobilized in packed-bed reactors via the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system, (R)-benzoin was synthesized from benzaldehyde over a period of seven days with a stable space-time-yield of 9.3 mmol ⋅ L-1 ⋅ d-1 . Our work expands the important class of benzaldehyde lyases and therefore contributes to the development of continuous biocatalytic processes for the production of α-hydroxy ketones and APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Peng
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dominik L Siebert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin K M Engqvist
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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48
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Domínguez de María P. Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154466. [PMID: 34361620 PMCID: PMC8347273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitriles comprise a broad group of chemicals that are currently being industrially produced and used in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Aldoxime dehydratases catalyze the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles starting from aldoximes under mild conditions, holding potential to become sustainable alternatives for industrial processes. Different aldoxime dehydratases accept a broad range of aldoximes with impressive high substrate loadings of up to >1 Kg L−1 and can efficiently catalyze the reaction in aqueous media as well as in non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and solvent-free (neat substrates). This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field with emphasis on strategies that may be of relevance for industry and sustainability. When possible, potential links to biorefineries and to the use of biogenic raw materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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49
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Nintzel FEH, Wu Y, Planchestainer M, Held M, Alcalde M, Hollmann F. An alginate-confined peroxygenase-CLEA for styrene epoxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5766-5769. [PMID: 33987632 PMCID: PMC8191455 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01868j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxyfunctionalisation reactions in neat substrate still pose a challenge for biocatalysis. Here, we report an alginate-confined peroxygenase-CLEA to catalyse the enantioselective epoxidation of cis-β-methylstyrene in a solvent-free reaction system achieving turnover numbers of 96 000 for the biocatalyst and epoxide concentrations of 48 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike E H Nintzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Yinqi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Matteo Planchestainer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Martin Held
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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