1
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Sun A, Vopařilová P, Liu X, Kou B, Řezníček T, Lednický T, Ni S, Kudr J, Zítka O, Fohlerová Z, Pajer P, Zhang H, Neužil P. An integrated microfluidic platform for nucleic acid testing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:66. [PMID: 38784376 PMCID: PMC11111744 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a rapid and versatile low-cost sample-to-answer system for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. The system integrates the extraction and purification of nucleic acids, followed by amplification via either reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). By meeting diverse diagnostic and reagent needs, the platform yields testing results that closely align with those of commercial RT-LAMP and RT‒qPCR systems. Notable advantages of our system include its speed and cost-effectiveness. The assay is completed within 28 min, including sample loading (5 min), ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction (3 min), and RT-LAMP (20 min). The cost of each assay is ≈ $9.5, and this pricing is competitive against that of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved commercial alternatives. Although some RNA loss during on-chip extraction is observed, the platform maintains a potential limit of detection lower than 297 copies. Portability makes the system particularly useful in environments where centralized laboratories are either unavailable or inconveniently located. Another key feature is the platform's versatility, allowing users to choose between RT‒qPCR or RT‒LAMP tests based on specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace; School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
| | - Petra Vopařilová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace; School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Kou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace; School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
| | - Tomáš Řezníček
- ITD Tech s.r.o, Osvoboditelů 1005, 735 81 Bohumín, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Lednický
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200 Czech Republic
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiří Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Zítka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fohlerová
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, Brno, 61600 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, 16200 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Haoqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 P. R. China
| | - Pavel Neužil
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace; School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
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2
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Koksaldi I, Park D, Atilla A, Kang H, Kim J, Seker UOS. RNA-Based Sensor Systems for Affordable Diagnostics in the Age of Pandemics. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1026-1037. [PMID: 38588603 PMCID: PMC11036506 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the significance of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools has become increasingly vital, driven by the need for quick and precise virus identification. RNA-based sensors, particularly toehold sensors, have emerged as promising candidates for POC detection systems due to their selectivity and sensitivity. Toehold sensors operate by employing an RNA switch that changes the conformation when it binds to a target RNA molecule, resulting in a detectable signal. This review focuses on the development and deployment of RNA-based sensors for POC viral RNA detection with a particular emphasis on toehold sensors. The benefits and limits of toehold sensors are explored, and obstacles and future directions for improving their performance within POC detection systems are presented. The use of RNA-based sensors as a technology for rapid and sensitive detection of viral RNA holds great potential for effectively managing (dealing/coping) with present and future pandemics in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay
Cisil Koksaldi
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National
Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Dongwon Park
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Abdurahman Atilla
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National
Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hansol Kang
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Urartu Ozgur Safak Seker
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National
Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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3
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Xue X, Persson H, Ye L. Polydopamine functionalized dendritic fibrous silica nanoparticles as a generic platform for nucleic acid-based biosensing. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:180. [PMID: 38443718 PMCID: PMC10914921 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid detection of nucleic acid sequences is of utmost importance in various fields, including disease monitoring, clinical treatment, gene analysis and drug discovery. In this study, we developed a "turn-on" fluorescence biosensor that enables simple and highly efficient detection of nucleic acid biomarkers. Our approach involves the utilization of 6-carboxyfluorescein modified single-stranded DNA (FAM-ssDNA) as molecular recognition element, along with polydopamine-functionalized dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS). FAM-ssDNA serves as both specific molecular recognition element for the target analyte and reporter capable of transducing a detectable signal through Watson-Crick base pairing. The polydopamine-functionalized DFNS (DFNS@DA) exhibits strong binding to FAM-ssDNA via polyvalent metal mediated coordination leading to effective quenching by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In the presence of a complementary target sequence, FAM-ssDNA forms hybridized structure and detaches from DFNS@DA, which causes an increased fluorescence emission. The analytical system based on FAM-ssDNA and DFNS@DA demonstrates exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response for the detection of nucleic acid sequences, leveraging the high adsorption and quenching properties of DFNS@DA. For the first proof of concept, we demonstrated the successful detection of microRNA (miR-21) in cancer cells using the FAM-ssDNA/DFNS@DA system. Our results highlight the promising capabilities of DFNS@DA and nucleic acid-based biosensors, offering a generic and cost-effective solution for the detection of nucleic acid-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xue
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Cancer Center, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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4
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Ho M, Sathishkumar N, Sklavounos AA, Sun J, Yang I, Nichols KP, Wheeler AR. Digital microfluidics with distance-based detection - a new approach for nucleic acid diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 24:63-73. [PMID: 37987330 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00683b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
There is great enthusiasm for using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in point-of-care nucleic acid amplification tests (POC NAATs), as an alternative to PCR. While isothermal amplification techniques like LAMP eliminate the need for rapid temperature cycling in a portable format, these systems are still plagued by requirements for dedicated optical detection apparatus for analysis and manual off-chip sample processing. Here, we developed a new microfluidic system for LAMP-based POC NAATs to address these limitations. The new system combines digital microfluidics (DMF) with distance-based detection (DBD) for direct signal readout. This is the first report of the use of (i) LAMP or (ii) DMF with DBD - thus, we describe a number of characterization steps taken to determine optimal combinations of reagents, materials, and processes for reliable operation. For example, DBD was found to be quite sensitive to background signals from low molecular weight LAMP products; thus, a Capto™ adhere bead-based clean-up procedure was developed to isolate the desirable high-molecular-weight products for analysis. The new method was validated by application to detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. The method was able to distinguish between saliva containing no virus, saliva containing a low viral load (104 genome copies per mL), and saliva containing a high viral load (108 copies per mL), all in an automated system that does not require detection apparatus for analysis. We propose that the combination of DMF with distance-based detection may be a powerful one for implementing a variety of POC NAATs or for other applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - N Sathishkumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Alexandros A Sklavounos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Ivy Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | | | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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5
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Tayyab M, Barrett D, van Riel G, Liu S, Reinius B, Scharfe C, Griffin P, Steinmetz LM, Javanmard M, Pelechano V. Digital assay for rapid electronic quantification of clinical pathogens using DNA nanoballs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4997. [PMID: 37672583 PMCID: PMC10482329 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Fast and accurate detection of nucleic acids is key for pathogen identification. Methods for DNA detection generally rely on fluorescent or colorimetric readout. The development of label-free assays decreases costs and test complexity. We present a novel method combining a one-pot isothermal generation of DNA nanoballs with their detection by electrical impedance. We modified loop-mediated isothermal amplification by using compaction oligonucleotides that self-assemble the amplified target into nanoballs. Next, we use capillary-driven flow to passively pass these nanoballs through a microfluidic impedance cytometer, thus enabling a fully compact system with no moving parts. The movement of individual nanoballs is detected by a change in impedance providing a quantized readout. This approach is flexible for the detection of DNA/RNA of numerous targets (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, HIV, β-lactamase gene, etc.), and we anticipate that its integration into a standalone device would provide an inexpensive (<$5), sensitive (10 target copies), and rapid test (<1 hour).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Donal Barrett
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gijs van Riel
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shujing Liu
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for the Belt and Road, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Griffin
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vicent Pelechano
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Alexandre L, Araya-Farias M, Nguyen ML, Naoumi N, Gropplero G, Gizeli E, Malaquin L, Descroix S. High-throughput extraction on a dynamic solid phase for low-abundance biomarker isolation from biological samples. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:109. [PMID: 37680311 PMCID: PMC10480215 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, in particular circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, has paved the way for a new noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and follow-up. As a crucial step in the analysis, the extraction of the genetic material from a complex matrix needs to meet specific requirements such as high specificity and low loss of target. Here, we developed a new generation of microfluidic fluidized beds (FBs) that enable the efficient extraction and preconcentration of specific ctDNA sequences from human serum with flow rates up to 15 µL/min. We first demonstrated that implementation of a vibration system inducing flow rate fluctuations combined with a mixture of different bead sizes significantly enhanced bead homogeneity, thereby increasing capture efficiency. Taking advantage of this new generation of high-throughput magnetic FBs, we then developed a new method to selectively capture a double-stranded (dsDNA) BRAF mutated DNA sequence in complex matrices such as patient serum. Finally, as proof of concept, ligation chain reaction (LCR) assays were performed to specifically amplify a mutated BRAF sequence, allowing the detection of concentrations as low as 6 × 104 copies/µL of the mutated DNA sequence in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Alexandre
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Monica Araya-Farias
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Present Address: Frédéric Joliot Institute for Life Sciences, Pharmacology and Immunoanalysis Unit, Immunoanalysis Studies and Research Laboratory, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Manh-Louis Nguyen
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Nikoletta Naoumi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) - FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Giacomo Gropplero
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Electra Gizeli
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) - FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes (LAAS) CNRS, Elia Group, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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7
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Zayed BA, Ali AN, Elgebaly AA, Talaia NM, Hamed M, Mansour FR. Smartphone-based point-of-care testing of the SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 21:e01757. [PMID: 37351482 PMCID: PMC10256629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's worldwide pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for reliable, quick, and affordable diagnostic tests for comprehending and controlling the epidemic by tracking the world population. Given how crucial it is to monitor and manage the pandemic, researchers have recently concentrated on creating quick detection techniques. Although PCR is still the preferred clinical diagnostic test, there is a pressing need for substitutes that are sufficiently rapid and cost-effective to provide a diagnosis at the time of use. The creation of a quick and simple POC equipment is necessary for home testing. Our review's goal is to provide an overview of the many methods utilized to identify SARS-CoV 2 in various samples utilizing portable devices, as well as any potential applications for smartphones in epidemiological research and detection. The point of care (POC) employs a range of microfluidic biosensors based on smartphones, including molecular sensors, immunological biosensors, hybrid biosensors, and imaging biosensors. For example, a number of tools have been created for the diagnosis of COVID-19, based on various theories. Integrated portable devices can be created using loop-mediated isothermal amplification, which combines isothermal amplification methods with colorimetric detection. Electrochemical approaches have been regarded as a potential substitute for optical sensing techniques that utilize fluorescence for detection and as being more beneficial to the Minimizing and simplicity of the tools used for detection, together with techniques that can amplify DNA or RNA under constant temperature conditions, without the need for repeated heating and cooling cycles. Many research have used smartphones for virus detection and data visualization, making these techniques more user-friendly and broadly distributed throughout nations. Overall, our research provides a review of different novel, non-invasive, affordable, and efficient methods for identifying COVID-19 contagious infected people and halting the disease's transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlanty A Zayed
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Ali
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Elgebaly
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Talaia
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
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8
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Dong H, Mo J, Yu Y, Xie W, Zheng J, Jia C. A portable system for economical nucleic acid amplification testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214624. [PMID: 37600301 PMCID: PMC10436208 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Regular and rapid large-scale screening for pathogens is crucial for controlling pandemics like Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we present the development of a digital point-of-care testing (POCT) system utilizing microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 gene fragments. The system incorporates temperature tuning and fluorescent detection components, along with intelligent and autonomous image acquisition and self-recognition programs. Methods: The developed POCT system is based on the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), a well-established molecular biology technique for detecting and amplifying nucleic acids. We successfully detected artificially synthesized SARS-CoV-2 gene fragments, namely ORF1ab gene, N gene, and E gene, with minimal reagent consumption of only 2.2 μL per readout, representing a mere 11% of the requirements of conventional in-tube methods. The power dissipation of the system was low, at 6.4 W. Results: Our testing results demonstrated that the proposed approach achieved a limit of detection of 1000 copies/mL, which is equivalent to detecting 1 copy or a single RNA template per reaction. By employing standard curve analysis, the quantity of the target templates can be accurately determined. Conclusion: The developed digital POCT system shows great promise for rapid and reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 gene fragments, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution for controlling pandemics. Its compatibility with other diagnostic techniques and low reagent consumption make it a viable option to enhance healthcare in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Equipment Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Mo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Equipment Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Equipment Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wantao Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Equipment Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Chao Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Equipment Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Khataei MM, Yamini Y, Karami M, Badiei A, Maya F, Breadmore M. A miniaturized analytical system with packed epoxy-functionalized mesoporous organosilica for copper determination using a customized Android-based software. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:289. [PMID: 37439831 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
A smartphone-assisted determination of copper ions is introduced by using a down-scaled microfluidic mixer. The system was coupled with a micro-column packed with a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) material for preconcentration of copper ions. Copper ions were reduced to Cu(I) on-chip to selectively form an orange-colored complex with neocuproine. A novel Android-based software was made to determine the color change of the adsorbent by analyzing red-green-blue (RGB) components of images from the packed PMO material. Four porous framework materials with high porosity and chemical stability were synthesized and compared for the extraction of the Cu-neocuproine complex. The main parameters influencing the complex extraction efficiency were optimized. The analytical performance of the method showed limit of detection and quantification of 0.2 μg L-1 and 0.5 μg L-1, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were determined as recovery > 92% and relative standard deviations < 5.2% at medium concentration level (n = 5). Due to accumulation of the retained analyte in a single point and elimination of the stripping step, the RGB-based method showed sensitivity and precision higher than inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for determination of copper ions. To investigate the applicability of the method, six different water samples were analyzed. The t-test on the data showed that the method has no significant difference when compared with ICP-AES determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Monireh Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Michael Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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10
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Khalaf EM, Sanaan Jabbar H, Mireya Romero-Parra R, Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi G, Setia Budi H, Altamimi AS, Abdulfadhil Gatea M, Falih KT, Singh K, Alkhuzai KA. Smartphone-assisted microfluidic sensor as an intelligent device for on-site determination of food contaminants: Developments and applications. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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11
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Yang K, Pan J, Deng G, Hua C, Zhu C, Liu Y, Zhu L. Mkit: A mobile nucleic acid assay based on a chitosan-modified minimalistic microfluidic chip (CM 3-chip) and smartphone. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1253:341030. [PMID: 36965987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mobile sensing enabled by MS2 technology, which integrates microfluidic and smartphone components, has seen many applications in recent years. In this direction, we developed an MS2 platform (an integrated kit) for nucleic acid assay, which included a chitosan-modified minimalistic microfluidic chip (CM3-chip), a smartphone-based fluorescence detector (SF-detector), an APP for imaging and analysis, reagents, and accessories. Once the lysed sample was loaded into the CM3-chip modified by 1% concentration and 200-260 kDa molecular weight of chitosan, the following assay can be completed in approximately 1 h. The Mkit can detect 3 × 10° copies μL-1 of plasmid DNA and its polymerase chain reaction (PCR) efficiency was 96.8%. The CM3-chip equipped for the Mkit can enrich nucleic acid from the pH = 5 of lysis buffer, instead of using conventional adsorption mediums such as the magnetic beads and silica gel membranes, which could result in unexpected impurity residuals and tedious cleaning operations. In addition, the performance of the Mkit equipped with the pristine chip was demonstrated to perform poorer than that coupled with the CM3-chip in which the enriched nucleic acid can be all used for "in-situ PCR". The universality, selectivity, and user-friendliness of the Mkit were also validated. We finally demonstrated the feasibility of the Mkit for testing artificially prepared infected samples. H5N6 and IAV-infected saliva samples provided the limits of detection of 5 × 102 copies mL-1 and 3.24 × 102 copies mL-1 per chamber, respectively. The streamlined assay and compact device should enable the great potential of the Mkit in research and potential diagnostic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei Zhongke Yikangda Biomedical Co., LTD, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoqing Deng
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changyi Hua
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cancan Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Tarim EA, Anil Inevi M, Ozkan I, Kecili S, Bilgi E, Baslar MS, Ozcivici E, Oksel Karakus C, Tekin HC. Microfluidic-based technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19: recent advances and future directions. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 36913137 PMCID: PMC10009869 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to existing healthcare systems around the world. The urgent need for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 has boomed the demand for new technologies that can improve current healthcare approaches, moving towards more advanced, digitalized, personalized, and patient-oriented systems. Microfluidic-based technologies involve the miniaturization of large-scale devices and laboratory-based procedures, enabling complex chemical and biological operations that are conventionally performed at the macro-scale to be carried out on the microscale or less. The advantages microfluidic systems offer such as rapid, low-cost, accurate, and on-site solutions make these tools extremely useful and effective in the fight against COVID-19. In particular, microfluidic-assisted systems are of great interest in different COVID-19-related domains, varying from direct and indirect detection of COVID-19 infections to drug and vaccine discovery and their targeted delivery. Here, we review recent advances in the use of microfluidic platforms to diagnose, treat or prevent COVID-19. We start by summarizing recent microfluidic-based diagnostic solutions applicable to COVID-19. We then highlight the key roles microfluidics play in developing COVID-19 vaccines and testing how vaccine candidates perform, with a focus on RNA-delivery technologies and nano-carriers. Next, microfluidic-based efforts devoted to assessing the efficacy of potential COVID-19 drugs, either repurposed or new, and their targeted delivery to infected sites are summarized. We conclude by providing future perspectives and research directions that are critical to effectively prevent or respond to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alperay Tarim
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Anil Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilayda Ozkan
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seren Kecili
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyup Bilgi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Semih Baslar
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - H Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
- METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey.
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13
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Szobi A, Buranovská K, Vojtaššáková N, Lovíšek D, Özbaşak HÖ, Szeibeczederová S, Kapustian L, Hudáčová Z, Kováčová V, Drobná D, Putaj P, Bírová S, Čirková I, Čarnecký M, Kilián P, Jurkáček P, Čabanová V, Boršová K, Sláviková M, Vaňová V, Klempa B, Čekan P, Paul ED. Vivid COVID-19 LAMP is an ultrasensitive, quadruplexed test using LNA-modified primers and a zinc ion and 5-Br-PAPS colorimetric detection system. Commun Biol 2023; 6:233. [PMID: 36864129 PMCID: PMC9979146 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid point-of-care assays have been crucial in the global response to SARS-CoV-2. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool given its simplicity and minimal equipment requirements, although limitations exist regarding sensitivity and the methods used to detect reaction products. We describe the development of Vivid COVID-19 LAMP, which leverages a metallochromic detection system utilizing zinc ions and a zinc sensor, 5-Br-PAPS, to circumvent the limitations of classic detection systems dependent on pH indicators or magnesium chelators. We make important strides in improving RT-LAMP sensitivity by establishing principles for using LNA-modified LAMP primers, multiplexing, and conducting extensive optimizations of reaction parameters. To enable point-of-care testing, we introduce a rapid sample inactivation procedure without RNA extraction that is compatible with self-collected, non-invasive gargle samples. Our quadruplexed assay (targeting E, N, ORF1a, and RdRP) reliably detects 1 RNA copy/µl of sample (=8 copies/reaction) from extracted RNA and 2 RNA copies/µl of sample (=16 copies/reaction) directly from gargle samples, making it one of the most sensitive RT-LAMP tests and even comparable to RT-qPCR. Additionally, we demonstrate a self-contained, mobile version of our assay in a variety of high-throughput field testing scenarios on nearly 9,000 crude gargle samples. Vivid COVID-19 LAMP can be an important asset for the endemic phase of COVID-19 as well as preparing for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Szobi
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Katarína Buranovská
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Nina Vojtaššáková
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Daniel Lovíšek
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Halil Önder Özbaşak
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sandra Szeibeczederová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Liudmyla Kapustian
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Zuzana Hudáčová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Stanford University, 730 Escondido Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Viera Kováčová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- University of Cologne, Institute for Biological Physics, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Diana Drobná
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Piotr Putaj
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stanislava Bírová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ivana Čirková
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Martin Čarnecký
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Peter Kilián
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Peter Jurkáček
- AstonITM s.r.o., Račianska 153, 831 54, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Čabanová
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Boršová
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Sláviková
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vaňová
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Klempa
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Čekan
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Evan D Paul
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Naghdi T, Ardalan S, Asghari Adib Z, Sharifi AR, Golmohammadi H. Moving toward smart biomedical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115009. [PMID: 36565545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biomedical sensors as highly promising devices/tools in early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of many diseases and disorders has recently witnessed unprecedented growth; more and faster than ever. Nonetheless, on the eve of Industry 5.0 and by learning from defects of current sensors in smart diagnostics of pandemics, there is still a long way to go to achieve the ideal biomedical sensors capable of meeting the growing needs and expectations for smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing through eHealth systems. Herein, an overview is provided to highlight the importance and necessity of an inevitable transition in the era of digital health/Healthcare 4.0 towards smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing and how to approach it via new digital technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, IoT gateways (smartphones, readers), etc. This review will bring together the different types of smartphone/reader-based biomedical sensors, which have been employing for a wide variety of optical/electrical/electrochemical biosensing applications and paving the way for future eHealth diagnostic devices by moving towards smart biomedical sensing. Here, alongside highlighting the characteristics/criteria that should be met by the developed sensors towards smart biomedical sensing, the challenging issues ahead are delineated along with a comprehensive outlook on this extremely necessary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Naghdi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ardalan
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Asghari Adib
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Sharifi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Golmohammadi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Zhang L, Wang X, Liu D, Wu Y, Feng L, Han C, Liu J, Lu Y, Sotnikov DV, Xu Y, Cheng J. SMART: A Swing-Assisted Multiplexed Analyzer for Point-of-Care Respiratory Tract Infection Testing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:228. [PMID: 36831994 PMCID: PMC9954503 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections such as the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously threatened public health in the last decades. The experience of fighting against the epidemic highlights the importance of user-friendly and accessible point-of-care systems for nucleic acid (NA) detection. To realize low-cost and multiplexed point-of-care NA detection, a swing-assisted multiplexed analyzer for point-of-care respiratory tract infection testing (SMART) was proposed to detect multiple respiratory tract pathogens using visible loop-mediated isothermal amplification. By performing hand-swing movements to generate acceleration force to distribute samples into reaction chambers, the design of the SMART system was greatly simplified. By using different format of chips and integrating into a suitcase, this system can be applied to on-site multitarget and multi-sample testing. Three targets including the N and Orf genes of SARS-CoV-2 and the internal control were simultaneously analyzed (limit of detection: 2000 copies/mL for raw sample; 200 copies/mL for extracted sample). Twenty-three clinical samples with eight types of respiratory bacteria and twelve COVID-19 clinical samples were successfully detected. These results indicate that the SMART system has the potential to be further developed as a versatile tool in the diagnosis of respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Feng
- CapitalBiotech Technology, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Chunyan Han
- CapitalBiotech Technology, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Dmitriy V. Sotnikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Youchun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102200, China
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Wang J, Jiang H, Pan L, Gu X, Xiao C, Liu P, Tang Y, Fang J, Li X, Lu C. Rapid on-site nucleic acid testing: On-chip sample preparation, amplification, and detection, and their integration into all-in-one systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1020430. [PMID: 36815884 PMCID: PMC9930993 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As nucleic acid testing is playing a vital role in increasingly many research fields, the need for rapid on-site testing methods is also increasing. The test procedure often consists of three steps: Sample preparation, amplification, and detection. This review covers recent advances in on-chip methods for each of these three steps and explains the principles underlying related methods. The sample preparation process is further divided into cell lysis and nucleic acid purification, and methods for the integration of these two steps on a single chip are discussed. Under amplification, on-chip studies based on PCR and isothermal amplification are covered. Three isothermal amplification methods reported to have good resistance to PCR inhibitors are selected for discussion due to their potential for use in direct amplification. Chip designs and novel strategies employed to achieve rapid extraction/amplification with satisfactory efficiency are discussed. Four detection methods providing rapid responses (fluorescent, optical, and electrochemical detection methods, plus lateral flow assay) are evaluated for their potential in rapid on-site detection. In the final section, we discuss strategies to improve the speed of the entire procedure and to integrate all three steps onto a single chip; we also comment on recent advances, and on obstacles to reducing the cost of chip manufacture and achieving mass production. We conclude that future trends will focus on effective nucleic acid extraction via combined methods and direct amplification via isothermal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiming Pan
- Zhejiang Hongzheng Testing Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuying Gu
- Zhejiang Gongzheng Testing Center Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaogeng Xiao
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety detection for Zhejiang Market Regulation, Zhejiang Fangyuan Testing Group LO.T, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Hangzhou Tiannie Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li Q, Zhou X, Wang Q, Liu W, Chen C. Microfluidics for COVID-19: From Current Work to Future Perspective. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:163. [PMID: 36831930 PMCID: PMC9953302 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted the public health and economic sectors. It is urgently necessary to develop rapid, convenient, and cost-effective point-of-care testing (POCT) technologies for the early diagnosis and control of the plague's transmission. Developing POCT methods and related devices is critical for achieving point-of-care diagnosis. With the advantages of miniaturization, high throughput, small sample requirements, and low actual consumption, microfluidics is an essential technology for the development of POCT devices. In this review, according to the different driving forces of the fluid, we introduce the common POCT devices based on microfluidic technology on the market, including paper-based microfluidic, centrifugal microfluidic, optical fluid, and digital microfluidic platforms. Furthermore, various microfluidic-based assays for diagnosing COVID-19 are summarized, including immunoassays, such as ELISA, and molecular assays, such as PCR. Finally, the challenges of and future perspectives on microfluidic device design and development are presented. The ultimate goals of this paper are to provide new insights and directions for the development of microfluidic diagnostics while expecting to contribute to the control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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18
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Li Z, Xu X, Wang D, Jiang X. Recent advancements in nucleic acid detection with microfluidic chip for molecular diagnostics. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116871. [PMID: 36506265 PMCID: PMC9721164 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has extensively promoted the application of nucleic acid testing technology in the field of clinical testing. The most widely used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based nucleic acid testing technology has problems such as complex operation, high requirements of personnel and laboratories, and contamination. The highly miniaturized microfluidic chip provides an essential tool for integrating the complex nucleic acid detection process. Various microfluidic chips have been developed for the rapid detection of nucleic acid, such as amplification-free microfluidics in combination with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In this review, we first summarized the routine process of nucleic acid testing, including sample processing and nucleic acid detection. Then the typical microfluidic chip technologies and new research advances are summarized. We also discuss the main problems of nucleic acid detection and the future developing trend of the microfluidic chip.
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19
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Li M, Ge H, Sun Z, Fu J, Cao L, Feng X, Meng G, Peng Y, Liu Y, Zhao C. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-enabled analytical assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: A review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1068015. [PMID: 36619749 PMCID: PMC9816412 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of words: 4645, the number of figures: 4, the number of tables: 1The outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019 caused a global pandemic of acute respiratory disease, and with the increasing virulence of mutant strains and the number of confirmed cases, this has resulted in a tremendous threat to global public health. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is urgently needed for rapid control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. As a new molecular biology technology, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has the advantages of convenient operation, speed, low cost and high sensitivity and specificity. In the past two years, rampant COVID-19 and the continuous variation in the virus strains have demanded higher requirements for the rapid detection of pathogens. Compared with conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR methods, genotyping RT-LAMP method and LAMP plus peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe detection methods have been developed to correctly identified SARS-CoV-2 variants, which is also why LAMP technology has attracted much attention. LAMP detection technology combined with lateral flow assay, microfluidic technology and other sensing technologies can effectively enhance signals by nucleic acid amplification and help to give the resulting output in a faster, more convenient and user-friendly way. At present, LAMP plays an important role in the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Li
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,College of medical technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjuan Ge
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,College of medical technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jangshan Fu
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lele Cao
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinrui Feng
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,Medical college, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of medical laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yubo Peng
- Business School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yan Liu
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yan Liu, ; Chen Zhao,
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yan Liu, ; Chen Zhao,
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20
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Jie Z, Tao S. Nucleic acid testing of SARS-CoV-2: A review of current methods, challenges, and prospects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1074289. [PMID: 36569096 PMCID: PMC9780671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1074289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has brought a huge threat to public health and the global economy. Rapid identification and isolation of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals are regarded as one of the most effective measures to control the pandemic. Because of its high sensitivity and specificity, nucleic acid testing has become the major method of SARS-CoV-2 detection. A deep understanding of different diagnosis methods for COVID-19 could help researchers make an optimal choice in detecting COVID-19 at different symptom stages. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the latest developments in current nucleic acid detection methods for SARS-CoV-2. In particular, we discuss biosensors and CRISPR-based diagnostic systems and their characteristics and challenges. Furthermore, the emerging COVID-19 variants and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis are systematically introduced and discussed. Considering the disease dynamics, we also recommend optional diagnostic tests for different symptom stages. From sample preparation to results readout, we conclude by pointing out the pain points and future directions of COVID-19 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhijun Jie,
| | - Shengce Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shengce Tao,
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21
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Ngamsom B, Iles A, Kamita M, Kimani R, Wakaba P, Rodriguez-Mateos P, Mungai M, Dyer CE, Walter C, Gitaka J, Pamme N. A sample-to-answer COVID-19 diagnostic device based on immiscible filtration and CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted detection. TALANTA OPEN 2022; 6:100166. [PMID: 36406953 PMCID: PMC9640297 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and disparities of vaccination coverage in low-and middle-income countries, it is vital to adopt a widespread testing and screening programme, combined with contact tracing, to monitor and effectively control the infection dispersion in areas where medical resources are limited. This work presents a lab-on-a-chip device, namely 'IFAST-LAMP-CRISPR', as an affordable, rapid and high-precision molecular diagnostic means for detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The herein proposed 'sample-to-answer' platform integrates RNA extraction, amplification and molecular detection with lateral flow readout in one device. The microscale dimensions of the device containing immiscible liquids, coupled with the use of silica paramagnetic beads and guanidine hydrochloride, streamline sample preparation (including RNA extraction, concentration and purification) in 15 min with minimal hands-on steps. The pre-amplification in combination with CRISPR-Cas12a detection assays targeting the nucleoprotein (N) gene achieved visual identification of ≥ 470 copies mL-1 genomic SARS-CoV-2 samples in 45 min. On-chip assays showed the ability to isolate and detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from 100 genome copies mL-1 of replication-deficient viral particles in 1 h. This simple, affordable and integrated platform demonstrated a visual, faster, and yet specificity- and sensitivity-comparable alternative to the costly gold-standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, requiring only a simple heating source. Initial testing illustrates the platform viability both on nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples collected using the easily accessible Swan-brand cigarette filter, providing a complete workflow for COVID-19 diagnostics in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkot Ngamsom
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Alexander Iles
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106 91, Sweden
| | - Moses Kamita
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Racheal Kimani
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Patrick Wakaba
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106 91, Sweden
| | - Mary Mungai
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charlotte E. Dyer
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Cheryl Walter
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya,Corresponding author at: Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Nicole Pamme
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106 91, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Stockholm University, Sweden
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22
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Xing G, Ai J, Wang N, Pu Q. Recent progress of smartphone-assisted microfluidic sensors for point of care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Microfluidic Platforms for the Detection of Viral Infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2022; 24:205-215. [PMID: 36341307 PMCID: PMC9628606 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-022-00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Easy-to-use, fast, and accurate virus detection method is essential for patient management and epidemic surveillance, especially during severe pandemics. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a microfluidic platform is suitable for detecting infectious viruses, regardless of the availability of medical resources. The purpose of this review is to introduce LAMP-based microfluidic devices for virus detection, including their detection principles, methods, and application. Recent Findings Facing the uncontrolled spread of viruses, the large-scale deployment of LAMP-based microfluidic platforms at the grassroots level can help expand the coverage of nucleic acid testing and shorten the time to obtain test reports. Microfluidic chip technology is highly integrated and miniaturized, enabling precise fluid control for effective virus detection. Performing LAMP on miniaturized systems can reduce analysis time, reagent consumption and risk of sample contamination, and improve analytical performance. Summary Compared to traditional benchtop protocols, LAMP-based microfluidic devices reduce the testing time, reagent consumption, and the risk of sample contamination. In addition to simultaneous detection of multiple target genes by special channel design, microfluidic chips can also integrate digital LAMP to achieve absolute quantification of target genes.
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24
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Iakovlev AP, Erofeev AS, Gorelkin PV. Novel Pumping Methods for Microfluidic Devices: A Comprehensive Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110956. [PMID: 36354465 PMCID: PMC9688261 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review is an account of methods that use various strategies to control microfluidic flow control with high accuracy. The reviewed systems are divided into two large groups based on the way they create flow: passive systems (non-mechanical systems) and active (mechanical) systems. Each group is presented by a number of device fabrications. We try to explain the main principles of operation, and we list advantages and disadvantages of the presented systems. Mechanical systems are considered in more detail, as they are currently an area of increased interest due to their unique precision flow control and "multitasking". These systems are often applied as mini-laboratories, working autonomously without any additional operations, provided by humans, which is very important under complicated conditions. We also reviewed the integration of autonomous microfluidic systems with a smartphone or single-board computer when all data are retrieved and processed without using a personal computer. In addition, we discuss future trends and possible solutions for further development of this area of technology.
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25
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Yuan H, Chen P, Wan C, Li Y, Liu BF. Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116814. [PMCID: PMC9637550 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Xiao B, Zhao R, Wang N, Zhang J, Sun X, Chen A. Recent advances in centrifugal microfluidic chip-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Wang G, Wang L, Meng Z, Su X, Jia C, Qiao X, Pan S, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Zhu M. Visual Detection of COVID-19 from Materials Aspect. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2022; 4:1304-1333. [PMID: 35966612 PMCID: PMC9358106 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-022-00179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, World Health Organization emphasized that early detection is an effective strategy to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Several diagnostic methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), have been applied based on the mechanism of specific recognition and binding of the probes to viruses or viral antigens. Although the remarkable progress, these methods still suffer from inadequate cellular materials or errors in the detection and sampling procedure of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab collection. Therefore, developing accurate, ultrafast, and visualized detection calls for more advanced materials and technology urgently to fight against the epidemic. In this review, we first summarize the current methodologies for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Then, recent representative examples are introduced based on various output signals (e.g., colorimetric, fluorometric, electronic, acoustic). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the methods and provide our perspectives on priorities for future test development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Zheyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaolong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaolan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Shaowu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yinjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
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28
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Van Ngoc H, Quyen TL, Vinayaka AC, Bang DD, Wolff A. Point-of-care system for rapid real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus based on commercially available Arduino platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:917573. [PMID: 35992344 PMCID: PMC9385952 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of rapid, portable, and on-site testing technologies necessary for resource-limited settings for effective testing and screening to reduce spreading of the infection. Realizing this, we developed a fluorescence-based point-of-care (fPOC) detection system with real-time reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid and quantitative detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The system is built based on the Arduino platform compatible with commercially available open-source hardware–software and off-the-shelf electronic components. The fPOC system comprises of three main components: 1) an instrument with integrated heaters, 2) optical detection components, and 3) an injection-molded polymeric cartridge. The system was tested and experimentally proved to be able to use for fast detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in real-time in less than 30 min. Preliminary results of testing the performance of the fPOC revealed that the fPOC could detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus at a limit of detection (LOD50%) at two to three copies/microliter (15.36 copies/reaction), which was comparable to reactions run on a standard commercial thermocycler. The performance of the fPOC was evaluated with 12 SARS-CoV-2 clinical throat swab samples that included seven positive and five negative samples, as confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The fPOC showed 100% agreement with the commercial thermocycler. This simple design of the fPOC system demonstrates the potential to greatly enhance the practical applicability to develop a totally integrated point-of-care system for rapid on-site screening of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the management of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Van Ngoc
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Huynh Van Ngoc, ; Anders Wolff,
| | - Than Linh Quyen
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaydha Chidambara Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Huynh Van Ngoc, ; Anders Wolff,
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29
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Tsai YS, Wang CH, Tsai HP, Shan YS, Lee GB. Electromagnetically-driven integrated microfluidic platform using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1219:340036. [PMID: 35715135 PMCID: PMC9167649 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great need for effective quarantining and treatment. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction requiring thermocyling has been commonly used for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 though it may take two to 4 h before lengthy sample pretreatment process and require bulky apparatus and well-trained personnel. Since multiple reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (multiple RT-LAMP) process without thermocycling is sensitive, specific and fast, an electromagnetically-driven microfluidic chip (EMC) was developed herein to lyse SARS-CoV-2 viruses, extract their RNAs, and perform qualitative analysis of three marker genes by on-chip multiple RT-LAMP in an automatic format within 82 min at a limit of detection of only ∼5000 copies per reaction (i.e. 200 virus/ μL). This compact EMC may be especially promising for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics in resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Tsai
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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30
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García-Bernalt Diego J, Fernández-Soto P, Márquez-Sánchez S, Santos Santos D, Febrer-Sendra B, Crego-Vicente B, Muñoz-Bellido JL, Belhassen-García M, Corchado Rodríguez JM, Muro A. SMART-LAMP: A Smartphone-Operated Handheld Device for Real-Time Colorimetric Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases via Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060424. [PMID: 35735571 PMCID: PMC9221248 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification diagnostics offer outstanding features of sensitivity and specificity. However, they still lack speed and robustness, require extensive infrastructure, and are neither affordable nor user-friendly. Thus, they have not been extensively applied in point-of-care diagnostics, particularly in low-resource settings. In this work, we have combined the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology with a handheld portable device (SMART-LAMP) developed to perform real-time isothermal nucleic acid amplification reactions, based on simple colorimetric measurements, all of which are Bluetooth-controlled by a dedicated smartphone app. We have validated its diagnostic utility regarding different infectious diseases, including Schistosomiasis, Strongyloidiasis, and COVID-19, and analyzed clinical samples from suspected COVID-19 patients. Finally, we have proved that the combination of long-term stabilized LAMP master mixes, stored and transported at room temperature with our developed SMART-LAMP device, provides an improvement towards true point-of-care diagnosis of infectious diseases in settings with limited infrastructure. Our proposal could be easily adapted to the diagnosis of other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Sánchez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Santos Santos
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
| | - Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido
- Microbiology and Parasitology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Internal Medicine Service, Infectious Diseases Section, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Corchado Rodríguez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
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31
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Qi L, Du Y. Diagnosis of disease relevant nucleic acid biomarkers with off-the-shelf devices. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3959-3973. [PMID: 35575030 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the level of nucleic acids in blood may be correlated with some clinical disorders like cancer, stroke, trauma and autoimmune diseases, and thus, nucleic acids can serve as potential biomarkers for pathological processes. The requirement of technical equipment and operator expertise in effective information readout of modern molecular diagnostic technologies significantly restricted application outside clinical laboratories. The ability to detect nucleic acid biomarkers with off-the-shelf devices, which have the advantages of portability, simplicity, low cost and short response time, is critical to provide a prompt clinical result in circumstances where the laboratory instruments are not available. This review throws light on the current strategies and challenges for nucleic acid diagnosis with commercial portable devices, indicating the future prospect of portable diagnostic devices and making a great difference in improving the healthcare and disease surveillance in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Qi
- State key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yan Du
- State key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, P. R. China
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32
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Electrified lab on disc systems: A comprehensive review on electrokinetic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Jhou YR, Wang CH, Tsai HP, Shan YS, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic platform featuring real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of COVID-19. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 358:131447. [PMID: 35095200 PMCID: PMC8789398 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.131447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An integrated microfluidic platform (IMP) utilizing real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was developed here for detection and quantification of three genes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; i.e., coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19)): RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the envelope gene, and the nucleocapsid gene for molecular diagnosis. The IMP comprised a microfluidic chip, a temperature control module, a fluidic control module that collectively carried out viral lysis, RNA extraction, RT-LAMP, and the real-time detection within 90 min in an automatic format. A limit of detection of 5 × 103 copies/reaction for each gene was determined with three samples including synthesized RNAs, inactive viruses, and RNAs extracted from clinical samples; this compact platform could be a useful tool for COVID-19 diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ru Jhou
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Nano Engineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Microfluidics Technology in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis and Beyond: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050649. [PMID: 35629317 PMCID: PMC9146058 DOI: 10.3390/life12050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, new technologies are being implemented for more rapid, scalable, and sensitive diagnostics. The implementation of microfluidic techniques and their amalgamation with different detection techniques has led to innovative diagnostics kits to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, antigens, and nucleic acids. In this review, we explore the different microfluidic-based diagnostics kits and how their amalgamation with the various detection techniques has spearheaded their availability throughout the world. Three other online databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were referred for articles. One thousand one hundred sixty-four articles were determined with the search algorithm of microfluidics followed by diagnostics and SARS-CoV-2. We found that most of the materials used to produce microfluidics devices were the polymer materials such as PDMS, PMMA, and others. Centrifugal force is the most commonly used fluid manipulation technique, followed by electrochemical pumping, capillary action, and isotachophoresis. The implementation of the detection technique varied. In the case of antibody detection, spectrometer-based detection was most common, followed by fluorescence-based as well as colorimetry-based. In contrast, antigen detection implemented electrochemical-based detection followed by fluorescence-based detection, and spectrometer-based detection were most common. Finally, nucleic acid detection exclusively implements fluorescence-based detection with a few colorimetry-based detections. It has been further observed that the sensitivity and specificity of most devices varied with implementing the detection-based technique alongside the fluid manipulation technique. Most microfluidics devices are simple and incorporate the detection-based system within the device. This simplifies the deployment of such devices in a wide range of environments. They can play a significant role in increasing the rate of infection detection and facilitating better health services.
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Conventional and Microfluidic Methods for the Detection of Nucleic Acid of SARS-CoV-2. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040636. [PMID: 35457940 PMCID: PMC9031662 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid testing (NAT) played a crucial role in containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the epidemic. The gold standard technique, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique, is currently used by the government and medical boards to detect SARS-CoV-2. Due to the limitations of this technology, it is not capable of meeting the needs of large-scale rapid detection. To solve this problem, many new techniques for detecting nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported. Therefore, a review that systematically and comprehensively introduces and compares various detection technologies is needed. In this paper, we not only review the traditional NAT but also provide an overview of microfluidic-based NAT technologies and summarize and discuss the characteristics and development prospects of these techniques.
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Wang X, Hong XZ, Li YW, Li Y, Wang J, Chen P, Liu BF. Microfluidics-based strategies for molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:11. [PMID: 35300739 PMCID: PMC8930194 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional diagnostic strategies for infectious disease detection require benchtop instruments that are inappropriate for point-of-care testing (POCT). Emerging microfluidics, a highly miniaturized, automatic, and integrated technology, are a potential substitute for traditional methods in performing rapid, low-cost, accurate, and on-site diagnoses. Molecular diagnostics are widely used in microfluidic devices as the most effective approaches for pathogen detection. This review summarizes the latest advances in microfluidics-based molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases from academic perspectives and industrial outlooks. First, we introduce the typical on-chip nucleic acid processes, including sample preprocessing, amplification, and signal read-out. Then, four categories of microfluidic platforms are compared with respect to features, merits, and demerits. We further discuss application of the digital assay in absolute nucleic acid quantification. Both the classic and recent microfluidics-based commercial molecular diagnostic devices are summarized as proof of the current market status. Finally, we propose future directions for microfluidics-based infectious disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi-Wei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Parker HE, Sengupta S, Harish AV, Soares RRG, Joensson HN, Margulis W, Russom A, Laurell F. A Lab-in-a-Fiber optofluidic device using droplet microfluidics and laser-induced fluorescence for virus detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3539. [PMID: 35241725 PMCID: PMC8894408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics has emerged rapidly over the past 20 years and has been investigated for a variety of applications from life sciences to environmental monitoring. Although continuous-flow microfluidics is ubiquitous, segmented-flow or droplet microfluidics offers several attractive features. Droplets can be independently manipulated and analyzed with very high throughput. Typically, microfluidics is carried out within planar networks of microchannels, namely, microfluidic chips. We propose that fibers offer an interesting alternative format with key advantages for enhanced optical coupling. Herein, we demonstrate the generation of monodisperse droplets within a uniaxial optofluidic Lab-in-a-Fiber scheme. We combine droplet microfluidics with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection achieved through the development of an optical side-coupling fiber, which we term a periscope fiber. This arrangement provides stable and compact alignment. Laser-induced fluorescence offers high sensitivity and low detection limits with a rapid response time making it an attractive detection method for in situ real-time measurements. We use the well-established fluorophore, fluorescein, to characterize the Lab-in-a-Fiber device and determine the generation of [Formula: see text] 0.9 nL droplets. We present characterization data of a range of fluorescein concentrations, establishing a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 nM fluorescein. Finally, we show that the device operates within a realistic and relevant fluorescence regime by detecting reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) products in the context of COVID-19 diagnostics. The device represents a step towards the development of a point-of-care droplet digital RT-LAMP platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Parker
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.9531.e0000000106567444Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Sanghamitra Sengupta
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.417889.b0000 0004 0646 2441AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achar V. Harish
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruben R. G. Soares
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Haakan N. Joensson
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Walter Margulis
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ,Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), 164 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 65 Solna, Sweden ,grid.5037.10000000121581746AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Laurell
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Heithoff DM, Barnes L, Mahan SP, Fox GN, Arn KE, Ettinger SJ, Bishop AM, Fitzgibbons LN, Fried JC, Low DA, Samuel CE, Mahan MJ. Assessment of a Smartphone-Based Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viruses. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2145669. [PMID: 35089353 PMCID: PMC8800074 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance A critical need exists in low-income and middle-income countries for low-cost, low-tech, yet highly reliable and scalable testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus that is robust against circulating variants. Objective To assess whether a smartphone-based assay is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus testing without requiring specialized equipment, accessory devices, or custom reagents. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study enrolled 2 subgroups of participants (symptomatic and asymptomatic) at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital. The symptomatic group consisted of 20 recruited patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with symptoms; 30 asymptomatic patients were recruited from the same community, through negative admission screening tests for SARS-CoV-2. The smartphone-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (smaRT-LAMP) was first optimized for analysis of human saliva samples spiked with either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A or B virus; these results then were compared with those obtained by side-by-side analysis of spiked samples using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criterion-standard reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Next, both assays were used to test for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses present in blinded clinical saliva samples obtained from 50 hospitalized patients. Statistical analysis was performed from May to June 2021. Exposures Testing for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A and B viruses. Main Outcomes and Measures SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection status and quantitative viral load were determined. Results Among the 50 eligible participants with no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection included in the study, 29 were men. The mean age was 57 years (range, 21 to 93 years). SmaRT-LAMP exhibited 100% concordance (50 of 50 patient samples) with the CDC criterion-standard diagnostic for SARS-CoV-2 sensitivity (20 of 20 positive and 30 of 30 negative) and for quantitative detection of viral load. This platform also met the CDC criterion standard for detection of clinically similar influenza A and B viruses in spiked saliva samples (n = 20), and in saliva samples from hospitalized patients (50 of 50 negative). The smartphone-based LAMP assay was rapid (25 minutes), sensitive (1000 copies/mL), low-cost (<$7/test), and scalable (96 samples/phone). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of saliva samples from patients, the smartphone-based LAMP assay detected SARS-CoV-2 infection and exhibited concordance with RT-qPCR tests. These findings suggest that this tool could be adapted in response to novel CoV-2 variants and other pathogens with pandemic potential including influenza and may be useful in settings with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Heithoff
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
| | - Lucien Barnes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
| | - Scott P Mahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis
| | - Gary N Fox
- Department of Materials and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
| | - Katherine E Arn
- Department of Medical Education, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Sarah J Ettinger
- Department of Medical Education, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Andrew M Bishop
- Department of Medical Education, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Lynn N Fitzgibbons
- Department of Medical Education, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jeffrey C Fried
- Department of Medical Education, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
| | - David A Low
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
| | - Charles E Samuel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
| | - Michael J Mahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
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Zhang Z, Ma P, Ahmed R, Wang J, Akin D, Soto F, Liu BF, Li P, Demirci U. Advanced Point-of-Care Testing Technologies for Human Acute Respiratory Virus Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103646. [PMID: 34623709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing global threats to human life caused by the human acute respiratory virus (RV) infections have cost billions of lives, created a significant economic burden, and shaped society for centuries. The timely response to emerging RVs could save human lives and reduce the medical care burden. The development of RV detection technologies is essential for potentially preventing RV pandemic and epidemics. However, commonly used detection technologies lack sensitivity, specificity, and speed, thus often failing to provide the rapid turnaround times. To address this problem, new technologies are devised to address the performance inadequacies of the traditional methods. These emerging technologies offer improvements in convenience, speed, flexibility, and portability of point-of-care test (POCT). Herein, recent developments in POCT are comprehensively reviewed for eight typical acute respiratory viruses. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities of various recognition and detection strategies and discusses these according to their detection principles, including nucleic acid amplification, optical POCT, electrochemistry, lateral flow assays, microfluidics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and microarrays. The importance of limits of detection, throughput, portability, and specificity when testing clinical samples in resource-limited settings is emphasized. Finally, the evaluation of commercial POCT kits for both essential RV diagnosis and clinical-oriented practices is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Soto
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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40
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Zhou M, Su H, Wang B, Wan C, Du W, Chen P, Feng X, Liu BF. A magnet-actuated microfluidic array chip for high-throughput pretreatment and amplification and detection of multiple pathogens. Analyst 2022; 147:2433-2441. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of global infectious diseases has posed a significant threat to public health, requiring the rapid and accurate diagnosis of pathogens promptly for society to implement immediate control measures to prevent widespread pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huiying Su
- School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bangfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Haghayegh F, Salahandish R, Zare A, Khalghollah M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Immuno-biosensor on a chip: a self-powered microfluidic-based electrochemical biosensing platform for point-of-care quantification of proteins. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 22:108-120. [PMID: 34860233 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The realization of true point-of-care (PoC) systems profoundly relies on integrating the bioanalytical assays into "on-chip" fluid handing platforms, with autonomous performance, reproducible functionality, and capacity in scalable production. Specifically for electrochemical immuno-biosensing, the complexity of the procedure used for ultrasensitive protein detection using screen-printed biosensors necessitates a lab-centralized practice, hindering the path towards near-patient use. This work develops a self-powered microfluidic chip that automates the entire assay of electrochemical immuno-biosensing, enabling controlled and sequential delivery of the biofluid sample and the sensing reagents to the surface of the embedded electrochemical biosensor. Without any need for active fluid handling, this novel sample-to-result testing kit offers antibody-antigen immunoreaction within 15 min followed by the subsequent automatic washing, redox probe delivery, and electrochemical signal recording. The redox molecules ([Fe(CN)6]3-/4-) are pre-soaked and dried in fiber and embedded inside the chip. The dimensions of the fluidic design and the parameters of the electrochemical bioassay are optimized to warrant a consistent and reproducible performance of the autonomous sensing device. The uniform diffusion of the dried redox into the injected solution and its controlled delivery onto the biosensor are modeled via a two-phase flow computational fluid dynamics simulation, determining the suitable time for electrochemical signal measurement from the biosensor. The microfluidic chip performs well with both water-based fluids and human plasma with the optimized sample volume to offer a proof-of-concept ultrasensitive biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins spiked in phosphate buffer saline within 15 min. The on-chip N-protein biosensing demonstrates a linear detection range of 10 to 1000 pg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 3.1 pg mL-1. This is the first self-powered microfluidic-integrated electrochemical immuno-biosensor that promises quantitative and ultrasensitive PoC biosensing. Once it is modified for its design and dimensions, it can be further used for autonomous detection of one or multiple proteins in diverse biofluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haghayegh
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Razieh Salahandish
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Azam Zare
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Mahmood Khalghollah
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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