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Negahdary M, Angnes L. Recent advances in electrochemical nanomaterial-based aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers. Talanta 2023; 259:124548. [PMID: 37062088 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
New technologies have provided suitable tools for rapid diagnosis of cancer which can reduce treatment costs and even increase patients' survival rates. Recently, the development of electrochemical aptamer-based nanobiosensors has raised great hopes for early, sensitive, selective, and low-cost cancer diagnosis. Here, we reviewed the flagged recent research (2021-2023) developed as a series of biosensors equipped with nanomaterials and aptamer sequences (nanoaptasensors) to diagnose/prognosis of various types of cancers. Equipping these aptasensors with nanomaterials and using advanced biomolecular technologies have provided specified biosensing interfaces for more optimal and reliable detection of cancer biomarkers. The primary intention of this review was to present and categorize the latest innovations used in the design of these diagnostic tools, including the hottest surface modifications and assembly of sensing bioplatforms considering diagnostic mechanisms. The main classification is based on applying various nanomaterials and sub-classifications considered based on the type of analyte and other vital features. This review may help design subsequent electrochemical aptasensors. Likewise, the up-to-date status, remaining limitations, and possible paths for translating aptasensors to clinical cancer assay tools can be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Omage JI, Easterday E, Rumph JT, Brula I, Hill B, Kristensen J, Ha DT, Galindo CL, Danquah MK, Sims N, Nguyen VT. Cancer Diagnostics and Early Detection Using Electrochemical Aptasensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:522. [PMID: 35457828 PMCID: PMC9026785 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The detection of early-stage cancer offers patients the best chance of treatment and could help reduce cancer mortality rates. However, cancer cells or biomarkers are present in extremely small amounts in the early stages of cancer, requiring high-precision quantitative approaches with high sensitivity for accurate detection. With the advantages of simplicity, rapid response, reusability, and a low cost, aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors have received considerable attention as a promising approach for the clinical diagnosis of early-stage cancer. Various methods for developing highly sensitive aptasensors for the early detection of cancers in clinical samples are in progress. In this article, we discuss recent advances in the development of electrochemical aptasensors for the early detection of different cancer biomarkers and cells based on different detection strategies. Clinical applications of the aptasensors and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Imoukhuede Omage
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ethan Easterday
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Jelonia T. Rumph
- School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Imamulhaq Brula
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Braxton Hill
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Kristensen
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Dat Thinh Ha
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; or
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Cristi L. Galindo
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Michael K. Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA;
| | - Naiya Sims
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Van Thuan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
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Forouzanfar S, Pala N, Wang C. In-Situ Integration of 3D C-MEMS Microelectrodes with Bipolar Exfoliated Graphene for Label-Free Electrochemical Cancer Biomarkers Aptasensor. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:104. [PMID: 35056269 PMCID: PMC8780539 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical label-free aptamer-based biosensors (also known as aptasensors) are highly suitable for point-of-care applications. The well-established C-MEMS (carbon microelectromechanical systems) platforms have distinguishing features which are highly suitable for biosensing applications such as low background noise, high capacitance, high stability when exposed to different physical/chemical treatments, biocompatibility, and good electrical conductivity. This study investigates the integration of bipolar exfoliated (BPE) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with 3D C-MEMS microelectrodes for developing PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB) label-free aptasensors. A simple setup has been used for exfoliation, reduction, and deposition of rGO on the 3D C-MEMS microelectrodes based on the principle of bipolar electrochemistry of graphite in deionized water. The electrochemical bipolar exfoliation of rGO resolves the drawbacks of commonly applied methods for synthesis and deposition of rGO, such as requiring complicated and costly processes, excessive use of harsh chemicals, and complex subsequent deposition procedures. The PDGF-BB affinity aptamers were covalently immobilized by binding amino-tag terminated aptamers and rGO surfaces. The turn-off sensing strategy was implemented by measuring the areal capacitance from CV plots. The aptasensor showed a wide linear range of 1 pM-10 nM, high sensitivity of 3.09 mF cm-2 Logc-1 (unit of c, pM), and a low detection limit of 0.75 pM. This study demonstrated the successful and novel in-situ deposition of BPE-rGO on 3D C-MEMS microelectrodes. Considering the BPE technique's simplicity and efficiency, along with the high potential of C-MEMS technology, this novel procedure is highly promising for developing high-performance graphene-based viable lab-on-chip and point-of-care cancer diagnosis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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