1
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Acharya SS, Parida BB. Synthetic routes to access dicarbonylated aryls and heteroaryls. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39319402 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
1,2-Dicarbonyl compounds are privileged functionalities found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, bioactive molecules, and food items, and are important precursors in catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, polymer chemistry and synthesizing functionalized heterocycles. Herein, this comprehensive review focuses on various approaches for synthesizing 1,2-dicarbonylated aryls and heteroaryls in both intermolecular and intramolecular fashion, covering the dicarbonylation of indoles, imidazoheterocycles, indolizines, aminopyrazoles, pyrroloisoquinolines, coumarins, furan, anilines, phenols, anthranils, and benzil synthesis over the last decade (since 2015). Also, the present review highlights the scope and future perspectives of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadhin Swaraj Acharya
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, P. G. Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Odisha, India 760007.
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Parida
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, P. G. Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Odisha, India 760007.
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2
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Witas K, Nair SS, Maisuradze T, Zedler L, Schmidt H, Garcia-Porta P, Rein ASJ, Bolter T, Rau S, Kupfer S, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Sorsche DU. Beyond the First Coordination Sphere─Manipulating the Excited-State Landscape in Iron(II) Chromophores with Protons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19710-19719. [PMID: 38990184 PMCID: PMC11273614 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecular transition metal chromophores play a central role in light harvesting and energy conversion. Recently, earth-abundant transition-metal-based chromophores have begun to challenge the dominance of platinum group metal complexes in this area. However, the development of new chromophores with optimized photophysical properties is still limited by a lack of synthetic methods, especially with respect to heteroleptic complexes with functional ligands. Here, we demonstrate a facile and efficient method for the combination of strong-field carbenes with the functional 2,2'-bibenzimidazole ligand in a heteroleptic iron(II) chromophore complex. Our approach yields two isomers that differ predominantly in their excited-state lifetimes based on the symmetry of the ligand field. Deprotonation of both isomers leads to a significant red-shift of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption and a shortening of excited-state lifetimes. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical simulations and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals the complex relationship between protonation and photophysical properties. Protonation is found to tip the balance between MLCT and metal-centered (MC) excited states in favor of the former. This study showcases the first example of fine-tuning of the excited-state landscape in an iron(II) chromophore through second-sphere manipulations and provides a new perspective to the challenge of excited-state optimizations in 3d transition metal chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Witas
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Shruthi Santhosh Nair
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Tamar Maisuradze
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Heiner Schmidt
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Pablo Garcia-Porta
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Tim Bolter
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Dieter U. Sorsche
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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3
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Athanasopoulos E, Conradie J. DFT study of the spectroscopic behaviour of different iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives with application in DSSCs. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108753. [PMID: 38461758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Through a comprehensive computational analysis utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT), we clarify the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of modified iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). We optimized a series of nineteen iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives and related compounds in acetonitrile (MeCN) as the solvent using TDDFT, evaluating their potential as dyes for DSSCs. From the conducted computations on the optimized geometries of the nineteen [Fe(Ln)2]2+ complexes, containing substituted terpyridine and related ligands L1-L19, we determined the wavelengths (λ in nm), transition energy (E in eV), oscillator strength (f), type of transitions, excited state lifetime (τ), light harvesting efficiency (LHE), frontier orbital character and their energies (ELUMO/EHOMO), natural transition orbitals (NTOs), injection driving force of a dye (ΔGinject), and regeneration driving force of a dye (ΔGregenerate). Results show that the theoretically calculated values for assessing dye efficiency in a DSSC correlate with available experimental values. The UV-visible spectra of [Fe(Ln)2]2+ exhibited a peak above 500 nm (λmax) in the visible region, attributed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer band (LMCT) in literature, and a significant absorbance peak at approximately 300 nm (λA,max) in the UV region. The M06-D3/CEP-121G method replicated all reported λmax and λA,max values with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 21 and 18 nm, respectively. Our findings underscore the connections between electronic modifications and absorption spectra, emphasizing their impact on the light-harvesting capabilities and overall performance of DSSCs. This research contributes to the advancement of fundamental principles governing the design and optimization of novel photovoltaic materials, facilitating the development of more efficient and sustainable solar energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Athanasopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
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4
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Wellauer J, Ziereisen F, Sinha N, Prescimone A, Velić A, Meyer F, Wenger OS. Iron(III) Carbene Complexes with Tunable Excited State Energies for Photoredox and Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38598280 PMCID: PMC11046485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Substituting precious elements in luminophores and photocatalysts by abundant first-row transition metals remains a significant challenge, and iron continues to be particularly attractive owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Most iron complexes known to date face severe limitations due to undesirably efficient deactivation of luminescent and photoredox-active excited states. Two new iron(III) complexes with structurally simple chelate ligands enable straightforward tuning of ground and excited state properties, contrasting recent examples, in which chemical modification had a minor impact. Crude samples feature two luminescence bands strongly reminiscent of a recent iron(III) complex, in which this observation was attributed to dual luminescence, but in our case, there is clear-cut evidence that the higher-energy luminescence stems from an impurity and only the red photoluminescence from a doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state is genuine. Photoinduced oxidative and reductive electron transfer reactions with methyl viologen and 10-methylphenothiazine occur with nearly diffusion-limited kinetics. Photocatalytic reactions not previously reported for this compound class, in particular the C-H arylation of diazonium salts and the aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids, were achieved with low-energy red light excitation. Doublet-triplet energy transfer (DTET) from the luminescent 2LMCT state to an anthracene annihilator permits the proof of principle for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion based on a molecular iron photosensitizer. These findings are relevant for the development of iron complexes featuring photophysical and photochemical properties competitive with noble-metal-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Wellauer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Ziereisen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ajdin Velić
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Singh Z, Chiong JD, Kamal S, Majewski MB. Effects of increasing ligand conjugation in Cu(I) photosensitizers on NiO semiconductor surfaces. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6367-6376. [PMID: 38497406 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photoelectrodes may be used as heterogeneous components for fuel-forming reactions in photoelectrochemical cells. There has been increasing interest in developing Earth-abundant cheaper photosensitizers based on first-row transition metals. We describe here the synthesis, characterization, and study of the ground and excited state properties of three Cu(I) complexes bearing ligands with varying electron-accepting capacities and conjugation that may act as photosensitizers for wide bandgap semiconductors. Femtosecond transient absorption studies indicate that the nature of the final excited state is dictated by the extent of conjugation in the electron-accepting ligand, where shorter conjugation leads to the formation of a singly reduced ligand and longer conjugation leads to the formation of a ligand-centered final excited state. These complexes were surface anchored onto nanostructured NiO on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide glass to fabricate photocathodes. It was found that even though the ligands with increasing conjugation have an effect on the formation of the final excited state in solution, all complexes exhibit similar photocurrents upon white light illumination, suggesting that charge transfer to NiO happens in advance of the formation of the final excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujhar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Joseph D Chiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research (LASIR), The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
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6
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Prakash O, Lindh L, Gupta AK, Hoang Hai YT, Kaul N, Chábera P, Lindgren F, Ericsson T, Häggström L, Strand D, Yartsev A, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. Tailoring the Photophysical Properties of a Homoleptic Iron(II) Tetra N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex by Attaching an Imidazolium Group to the (C ∧N ∧C) Pincer Ligand─A Comparative Study. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2909-2918. [PMID: 38301278 PMCID: PMC10865346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We here report the synthesis of the homoleptic iron(II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 (miHpbmi = 4-((3-methyl-1H-imidazolium-1-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)) and its electrochemical and photophysical properties. The introduction of the π-electron-withdrawing 3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl group into the NHC ligand framework resulted in stabilization of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state and destabilization of the metal-centered (MC) states. This resulted in an improved excited-state lifetime of 16 ps compared to the 9 ps for the unsubstituted parent compound [Fe(pbmi)2](PF6)2 (pbmi = (pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)) as well as a stronger MLCT absorption band extending more toward the red spectral region. However, compared to the carboxylic acid derivative [Fe(cpbmi)2](PF6)2 (cpbmi = 1,1'-(4-carboxypyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)), the excited-state lifetime of [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 is the same, but both the extinction and the red shift are more pronounced for the former. Hence, this makes [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 a promising pH-insensitive analogue of [Fe(cpbmi)2](PF6)2. Finally, the excited-state dynamics of the title compound [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 was investigated in solvents with different viscosities, however, showing very little dependency of the depopulation of the excited states on the properties of the solvent used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Linnea Lindh
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Yen Tran Hoang Hai
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Kaul
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Tore Ericsson
- Department of Physics—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751
20, Sweden
| | - Lennart Häggström
- Department of Physics—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751
20, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
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7
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Pastore M, Caramori S, Gros PC. Iron-Sensitized Solar Cells (FeSSCs). Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38302460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe harvesting and conversion of solar energy have become a burning issue for our modern societies seeking to move away from the exploitation of fossil fuels. In this context, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have proven to be trustworthy alternatives to silicon-based cells with advantages in terms of transparency and efficiency under low illumination conditions. These devices are highly dependent on the ability of the sensitizer that they contain to collect sunlight and transfer an electron to a semiconductor after excitation. Ruthenium and polypyridine complexes are benchmarks in this field as they exhibit ideal characteristics such as long-lasting metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states and efficient separation between electrons and holes, limiting recombination at the dye-semiconductor interface. Despite all of these advantages, ruthenium is a noble metal, and the development of more sustainable energy devices based on earth-abundant metals is now a must. A quick glance at the periodic table reveals iron as a potential good candidate, since it belongs to the same group of ruthenium, which suggests similar electronic properties. However, striking photophysical differences exist between ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes and their Fe(II) analogues, the latter suffering from short-lived MLCT states resulting of their ultrafast relaxation into metal-centered (MC) states. Pyridyl-N-heterocyclic carbenes (pyridylNHC) brought a strong σ-donor character required to promote a higher ligand field splitting of the iron d orbitals. This induces destabilization of the MC states over the MLCT manifold and a consequent slowdown of the excited states deactivation providing iron(II) complexes with tens of picoseconds lifetimes, making them more promising for applications in DSSCs. This Account highlights our recent advances in the development and characterization of iron-sensitized solar cells (FeSSCs) with a focus on the design of efficient sensitizers going from homoleptic to heteroleptic complexes (bearing different anchoring groups) and the tuning of electrolyte composition. Our rational approach led to the best photocurrent and efficiency ever reported for an iron sensitized solar cell (2% PCE and 9 mA/cm2) using a cosensitization process. This work clearly evidences that the solar energy conversion based on iron complex sensitization is now an opened and fruitful route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara,Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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8
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Wang J, Gadenne V, Patrone L, Raimundo JM. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Push-Pull Chromophores as Active Layers and Their Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:559. [PMID: 38338304 PMCID: PMC10856137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, considerable attention has been focused on the design and development of surfaces with defined or tunable properties for a wide range of applications and fields. To this end, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds offer a unique and straightforward route of modifying and engineering the surface properties of any substrate. Thus, alkane-based self-assembled monolayers constitute one of the most extensively studied organic thin-film nanomaterials, which have found wide applications in antifouling surfaces, the control of wettability or cell adhesion, sensors, optical devices, corrosion protection, and organic electronics, among many other applications, some of which have led to their technological transfer to industry. Nevertheless, recently, aromatic-based SAMs have gained importance as functional components, particularly in molecular electronics, bioelectronics, sensors, etc., due to their intrinsic electrical conductivity and optical properties, opening up new perspectives in these fields. However, some key issues affecting device performance still need to be resolved to ensure their full use and access to novel functionalities such as memory, sensors, or active layers in optoelectronic devices. In this context, we will present herein recent advances in π-conjugated systems-based self-assembled monolayers (e.g., push-pull chromophores) as active layers and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, AMUTech, 13288 Marseille, France;
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Virginie Gadenne
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Lionel Patrone
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
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9
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Johnson CE, Schwarz J, Deegbey M, Prakash O, Sharma K, Huang P, Ericsson T, Häggström L, Bendix J, Gupta AK, Jakubikova E, Wärnmark K, Lomoth R. Ferrous and ferric complexes with cyclometalating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: a case of dual emission revisited. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10129-10139. [PMID: 37772113 PMCID: PMC10530338 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron N-heterocyclic carbene (FeNHC) complexes with long-lived charge transfer states are emerging as a promising class of photoactive materials. We have synthesized [FeII(ImP)2] (ImP = bis(2,6-bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene-1-yl)phenylene)) that combines carbene ligands with cyclometalation for additionally improved ligand field strength. The 9 ps lifetime of its 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) state however reveals no benefit from cyclometalation compared to Fe(ii) complexes with NHC/pyridine or pure NHC ligand sets. In acetonitrile solution, the Fe(ii) complex forms a photoproduct that features emission characteristics (450 nm, 5.1 ns) that were previously attributed to a higher (2MLCT) state of its Fe(iii) analogue [FeIII(ImP)2]+, which led to a claim of dual (MLCT and LMCT) emission. Revisiting the photophysics of [FeIII(ImP)2]+, we confirmed however that higher (2MLCT) states of [FeIII(ImP)2]+ are short-lived (<10 ps) and therefore, in contrast to the previous interpretation, cannot give rise to emission on the nanosecond timescale. Accordingly, pristine [FeIII(ImP)2]+ prepared by us only shows red emission from its lower 2LMCT state (740 nm, 240 ps). The long-lived, higher energy emission previously reported for [FeIII(ImP)2]+ is instead attributed to an impurity, most probably a photoproduct of the Fe(ii) precursor. The previously reported emission quenching on the nanosecond time scale hence does not support any excited state reactivity of [FeIII(ImP)2]+ itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ellen Johnson
- Department of Chemistry -Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Mawuli Deegbey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Om Prakash
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kumkum Sharma
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Chemistry -Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tore Ericsson
- Department of Physics - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lennart Häggström
- Department of Physics - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry -Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
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10
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Hegde V, O SC, Kulkarni NV, Mathew J. Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt (II) Pincer Complexes and their Application as Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Reddy-Marri A, Marchini E, Cabanes VD, Argazzi R, Pastore M, Caramori S, Gros PC. Panchromatic light harvesting and record power conversion efficiency for carboxylic/cyanoacrylic Fe( ii) NHC co-sensitized FeSSCs. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4288-4301. [PMID: 37123187 PMCID: PMC10132143 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-sensitization of TiO2 by using a combination of carboxylic and thienylcyanoacrylic (ThCA)–Fe(ii) pyridyl-NHC sensitizers produced a panchromatic absorption and the best photocurrent and efficiency ever reported for an FeSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Reddy-Marri
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 851 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Argazzi
- CNR-ISOF c/o Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Synthesis and characterization of a series of cobalt complexes: Investigation of their efficacy as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cell applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The production of electricity in a greener and more sustainable way by employing renewable sources is a great challenge in modern times. Photovoltaic systems represent an important possibility because sunlight is the most abundant renewable source. In this review article, recent studies (from 2018 to the present) involving novel iron and copper complexes employed as dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are reported; mono- and bimetallic Fe complexes, Cu-based dyes, and devices presenting both metals are discussed, together with the performances of the DSSCs reported in the papers and the corresponding values of the main parameters employed to characterize such solar cells. The feasibility of DSSCs employing copper and iron dyes, alone or in combination with other earth-abundant metals, is demonstrated. The proper optimization of the sensitizers, together with that of the electrolyte and of the semiconducting layer, will likely lead to the development of highly performing and cheap photovoltaic devices for future applications on a much larger scale.
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Müller C, Pascher T, Eriksson A, Chabera P, Uhlig J. KiMoPack: A python Package for Kinetic Modeling of the Chemical Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4087-4099. [PMID: 35700393 PMCID: PMC9251768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Herein, we present
KiMoPack, an analysis tool for the kinetic modeling of transient spectroscopic data. KiMoPack
enables a state-of-the-art analysis routine including data preprocessing
and standard fitting (global analysis), as well as fitting of complex
(target) kinetic models, interactive viewing of (fit) results, and
multiexperiment analysis via user accessible functions and a graphical
user interface (GUI) enhanced interface. To facilitate its use, this
paper guides the user through typical operations covering a wide range
of analysis tasks, establishes a typical workflow and is bridging
the gap between ease of use for less experienced users and introducing
the advanced interfaces for experienced users. KiMoPack is open source
and provides a comprehensive front-end for preprocessing, fitting
and plotting of 2-dimensional data that simplifies the access to a
powerful python-based data-processing system
and forms the foundation for a well documented, reliable, and reproducible
data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Axl Eriksson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Solar energy conversion using first row d-block metal coordination compound sensitizers and redox mediators. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1225-1262. [PMID: 35222908 PMCID: PMC8809415 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06828h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable energy is essential for the future of the Earth, and solar photons are the ultimate source of energy to satisfy the ever-increasing global energy demands. Photoconversion using dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is becoming an established technology to contribute to the sustainable energy market, and among state-of-the art DSCs are those which rely on ruthenium(ii) sensitizers and the triiodide/iodide (I3 -/I-) redox mediator. Ruthenium is a critical raw material, and in this review, we focus on the use of coordination complexes of the more abundant first row d-block metals, in particular copper, iron and zinc, as dyes in DSCs. A major challenge in these DSCs is an enhancement of their photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) which currently lag significantly behind those containing ruthenium-based dyes. The redox mediator in a DSC is responsible for regenerating the ground state of the dye. Although the I3 -/I- couple has become an established redox shuttle, it has disadvantages: its redox potential limits the values of the open-circuit voltage (V OC) in the DSC and its use creates a corrosive chemical environment within the DSC which impacts upon the long-term stability of the cells. First row d-block metal coordination compounds, especially those containing cobalt, and copper, have come to the fore in the development of alternative redox mediators and we detail the progress in this field over the last decade, with particular attention to Cu2+/Cu+ redox mediators which, when coupled with appropriate dyes, have achieved V OC values in excess of 1000 mV. We also draw attention to aspects of the recyclability of DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
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