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Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Carrageenase Production by Cellulophaga Species: A Comparative Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100971. [PMID: 34681070 PMCID: PMC8533080 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cellulophaga species are rarely studied marine bacteria with the potential for carrageenase production. We examined the carrageenase secretion ability of six bacterial species from the Cellulophaga genus. Among them, C. algicola produced the maximum amount of ι-carrageenase. Most of the bacteria produced their highest quantity of enzymes at 25 °C after 48 h of incubation time. The maximum enzyme production was achieved with the fermentation medium composition of 30 g/L sea salt, 1.4 g/L furcellaran and 3 g/L yeast extract. In addition, the properties of the ultrafiltered ι-carrageenase extracted from C. algicola were studied. Abstract Carrageenases appear in various species of marine bacteria and are widely used for the degradation of carrageenans, the commercially significant sulphated polysaccharides. The carrageenase production ability of six different Cellulophaga species was identified, with ι-carrageenase being the most abundant carrageenolytic enzyme. C. algicola was the most potent strain, followed by C. fucicola and C. geojensis, whereas C. pacifica was the least effective carrageenase producer among the studied strains. The enzyme production was maximized using the one-factor-at-a-time optimization method. The optimal incubation temperature was identified as 25 °C and the incubation time was set as 48 h for all tested species. The optimal medium composition for Cellulophaga strains was determined as 30 g/L sea salt, 1.4 g/L furcellaran, and 3 g/L yeast extract. An ultrafiltered enzyme extracted from C. algicola had the highest activity at around 40 °C. The optimal pH for enzymatic degradation was determined as 7.8, and the enzyme was fairly stable at temperatures up to 40 °C.
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Abstract
Several in vivo immunotropic effects of κ/β-carrageenan isolated from the red algae Tichocarpus crinitus were studied, by orally administering it at 100 mg/kg/day to mice for 7 days. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1β, and IL-4 were measured. Carrageenan's ability to influence development of LPS-induced inflammation was also assessed. Oral administration of κ/β-carrageenan increased serum levels of all the studied cytokines at least twice in comparison to the intact mice, while intraperitoneal LPS injection at 1 mg/kg increased concentration of only the pro-inflammatory cytokines: IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-1β. Furthermore, κ/β-carrageenan demonstrated a higher efficacy at inducing IFN-γ production than LPS. Previous 7-day-long oral carrageenan administration impaired development of LPS-induced inflammation: level of IL-1β dropped below that found in intact mice, while IFN-γ and IL-12 concentrations were at least 40% lower than in mice with LPS-induced inflammation. Murine peritoneal macrophages were also affected by the oral administration of the κ/β-carrageenan: their motility was increased, and morphology altered. In sum, we have demonstrated that κ/β-carrageenan, when administered orally, is not only not immunologically inert, but at the dose of 100 mg/kg possesses pharmacologically exploitable effects.
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Wang D, Wang J, Zeng R, Wu J, Michael SV, Qu W. The degradation activities for three seaweed polysaccharides of Shewanella sp. WPAGA9 isolated from deep-sea sediments. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:406-418. [PMID: 33729617 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed oligosaccharides possess great bioactivities. However, different microbial strains are required to degrade multiple polysaccharides due to their limited biodegradability, thereby increasing the cost and complexity of production. Shewanella sp. WPAGA9 was isolated from deep-sea sediments in this study. According to the genomic and biochemical analyses, the extracellular fermentation broth of WPAGA9 had versatile degradation abilities for three typical seaweed polysaccharides including agar, carrageenan, and alginate. The maximum enzyme activities of the extracellular fermentation broth of WPAGA9 were 71.63, 76.4, and 735.13 U/ml for the degradation of agar, alginate, and carrageenan, respectively. Moreover, multiple seaweed oligosaccharides can be produced by the extracellular fermentation broth of WPAGA9 under similar optimum conditions. Therefore, WPAGA9 can simultaneously degrade three types of seaweed polysaccharides under similar conditions, thereby greatly reducing the production cost of seaweed oligosaccharides. This finding indicates that Shewanella sp. WPAGA9 is an ideal biochemical tool for producing multiple active seaweed oligosaccharides at low costs and is also an important participant in the carbon cycle process of the deep-sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingquan Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Runying Zeng
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Shija V Michael
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wu Qu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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4
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Rhein-Knudsen N, Meyer AS. Chemistry, gelation, and enzymatic modification of seaweed food hydrocolloids. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Fermentation optimization, purification and biochemical characterization of ι-carrageenase from marine bacterium Cellulophaga baltica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:789-797. [PMID: 33157133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ι-carrageenan degrading marine bacterium, Cellulophaga baltica, was isolated from the surface of a filamentous red alga Vertebrata fucoides. Maximum ι-carrageenase production was optimized by single-factor experiments. Optimal fermentation conditions were 1.6 g/L furcellaran, 4 g/L yeast extract as carbon sources, 5 g/L sea salt, and 48 h of incubation time at 20 °C. Extracellular ι-carrageenase from the culture supernatant was purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and finally by anion-exchange chromatography, showed a 26-fold increase in specific activity as compared to that in the crude enzyme. According to the results from SDS-PAGE and HPLC-SEC, the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 31 kDa. The purified enzyme showed the maximum specific activity of 571 U/mg at 40 °C and pH 7.5-8.0. It maintained 73% of the total activity below 40 °C and 90% of its total activity at pH 7.2. Notably, the enzyme is a cold-adapted ι-carrageenase, which showed 33.4% of the maximum activity at 10 °C. The enzyme was stimulated by Na+, K+, and NH4+, whereas Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, sea salt, and EDTA acted as enzyme inhibitors.
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Bouanati T, Colson E, Moins S, Cabrera JC, Eeckhaut I, Raquez JM, Gerbaux P. Microwave-assisted depolymerization of carrageenans from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma spinosum: Controlled and green production of oligosaccharides from the algae biomass. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Sun H, Gao L, Xue C, Mao X. Marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes: Status and prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2767-2796. [PMID: 33337030 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes have recently been studied extensively. They are particularly interesting as they catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharide macromolecules and produce oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization. Numerous findings have demonstrated that marine polysaccharides and their biotransformed products possess beneficial properties including antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and they have great value in healthcare, cosmetics, the food industry, and agriculture. Exploitation of enzymes that can degrade marine polysaccharides is in the ascendant, and is important for high-value use of marine biomass resources. In this review, we describe research and prospects regarding the classification, biochemical properties, and catalytic mechanisms of the main types of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes, focusing on chitinase, chitosanase, alginate lyase, agarase, and carrageenase, and their product oligosaccharides. The state-of-the-art discussion of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and their properties offers information that might enable more efficient production of marine oligosaccharides. We also highlight current problems in the field of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and trends in their development. Understanding the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and modification of known enzymes will aid the identification of novel enzymes to degrade marine polysaccharides and facilitation of their use in various biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Youssouf L, Bhaw-Luximon A, Diotel N, Catan A, Giraud P, Gimié F, Koshel D, Casale S, Bénard S, Meneyrol V, Lallemand L, Meilhac O, Lefebvre D’Hellencourt C, Jhurry D, Couprie J. Enhanced effects of curcumin encapsulated in polycaprolactone-grafted oligocarrageenan nanomicelles, a novel nanoparticle drug delivery system. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 217:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Zhu B, Ni F, Sun Y, Zhu X, Yin H, Yao Z, Du Y. Insight into carrageenases: major review of sources, category, property, purification method, structure, and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1261-1276. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1472550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Ni
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xianyu Zhu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, PR China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Xiao Q, Zhu Y, Li J, Wu C, Ni H, Xiao A. Fermentation optimization and enzyme characterization of a new ι-Carrageenase from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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11
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Hudson J, Gardiner M, Deshpande N, Egan S. Transcriptional response of Nautella italica R11 towards its macroalgal host uncovers new mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:1820-1832. [PMID: 29215165 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macroalgae (seaweeds) are essential for the functioning of temperate marine ecosystems, but there is increasing evidence to suggest that their survival is under threat from anthropogenic stressors and disease. Nautella italica R11 is recognized as an aetiological agent of bleaching disease in the red alga, Delisea pulchra. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the molecular mechanisms involved in this model host-pathogen interaction. Here we report that mutations in the gene encoding for a LuxR-type quorum sensing transcriptional regulator, RaiR, render N. italica R11 avirulent, suggesting this gene is important for regulating the expression of virulence phenotypes. Using an RNA sequencing approach, we observed a strong transcriptional response of N. italica R11 towards the presence of D. pulchra. In particular, genes involved in oxidative stress resistance, carbohydrate and central metabolism were upregulated in the presence of the host, suggesting a role for these functions in the opportunistic pathogenicity of N. italica R11. Furthermore, we show that RaiR regulates a subset of genes in N. italica R11, including those involved in metabolism and the expression of phage-related proteins. The outcome of this research reveals new functions important for virulence of N. italica R11 and contributes to our greater understanding of the complex factors mitigating microbial diseases in macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hudson
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Gardiner
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nandan Deshpande
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shen J, Chang Y, Dong S, Chen F. Cloning, expression and characterization of a ι-carrageenase from marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica : A biocatalyst for producing ι-carrageenan oligosaccharides. J Biotechnol 2017; 259:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Li S, Hao J, Sun M. Cloning and characterization of a new cold-adapted and thermo-tolerant ι-carrageenase from marine bacterium Flavobacterium sp. YS-80-122. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:1059-1065. [PMID: 28435055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ι-Carrageenases play a role in marine ι-carrageenan degradation, and their enzymatic hydrolysates are thought to be excellent antioxidants. In this study, we identified a new ι-carrageenase, encoded by cgiF, in psychrophilic bacterium Flavobacterium sp. YS-80-122. The deduced ι-carrageenase, CgiF, belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 82 and shows less than 40% amino acid identity with characterized ι-carrageenases. The activity of recombinant CgiF peaked at 30°C (1,207.8U/mg). Notably, CgiF is a cold-adapted ι-carrageenase, which showed 36.5% and 57% of the maximum activity at 10°C and 15°C, respectively. In addition, it is a thermo-tolerant enzyme that recovered 58.2% of its initial activity after heat shock. Furthermore, although the activity of CgiF was enhanced by NaCl, the enzyme is active in absence of NaCl. This study also shows that CgiF is an endo-type ι-carrageenase that hydrolyzes β-1,4-linkages of ι-carrageenan, yielding neo-ι-carratetraose as the main product. Its cold-adaptation, thermo-tolerance, NaCl independence and high neo-ι-carratetraose yield make CgiF an excellent candidate for industrial applications in production of ι-carrageen oligosaccharides from seaweed polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China.
| | - Mi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China.
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Chauhan PS, Saxena A. Bacterial carrageenases: an overview of production and biotechnological applications. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:146. [PMID: 28330218 PMCID: PMC4919138 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan, one of the phycocolloids is a sulfated galactan made up of linear chains of galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose with alternating α-(1 → 3) and β-(1 → 4) linkages and further classified based on the number and the position of sulfated ester(s); κ-, ι- and λ-carrageenan. Enzymes which degrade carrageenans are called k-, ι-, and λ-carrageenases. They all are endohydrolases that cleave the internal β-(1-4) linkages of carrageenans yielding products of the oligo-carrageenans. These enzymes are produced only by bacteria specifically gram negative bacteria. Majority of the marine bacteria produce these enzymes extracellularly and their activity is in wide range of temperature. They have found potential applications in biomedical field, bioethanol production, textile industry, as a detergent additive and for isolation of protoplast of algae etc. A comprehensive information shall be helpful for the effective understanding and application of these enzymes. In this review exhaustive information of bacterial carrageenases reported till date has been done. All the aspects like sources, production conditions, characterization, cloning and- biotechnological applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakram Singh Chauhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Arunika Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan Government College, Beawar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Niu TT, Zhang DS, Chen HM, Yan XJ. Modulation of the binding of basic fibroblast growth factor and heparanase activity by purified λ-carrageenan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 125:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Kang DH, Hyeon JE, You SK, Kim SW, Han SO. Efficient enzymatic degradation process for hydrolysis activity of the Carrageenan from red algae in marine biomass. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt A:108-13. [PMID: 25281802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan is a generic name for a family of polysaccharides obtained from certain species of red algae. New methods to produce useful cost-efficiently materials from red algae are needed to convert enzymatic processes into fermentable sugars. In this study, we constructed chimeric genes cCgkA and cCglA containing the catalytic domain of κ-carrageenase CgkA and λ-carrageenase CglA from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora fused with a dockerin domain. Recombinant strains expressing the chimeric carrageenase resulted in a halo formation on the carrageenan plate by alcian blue staining. The recombinant cCgkA and cCglA were assembled with scaffoldin miniCbpA via cohesin and dockerin interaction. Carbohydrate binding module (CBM) in scaffoldin was used as a tag for cellulose affinity purification using cellulose as a support. The hydrolysis process was monitored by the amount of reducing sugar released from carrageenan. Interestingly, these results indicated that miniCbpA, cCgkA and cCglA assembled into a complex and that the dockerin-fused enzymes on the scaffoldin had synergistic activity in the degradation of carrageenan. The observed enhancement of activity by carrageenolytic complex was 3.1-fold-higher compared with the corresponding enzymes alone. Thus, the assemblies of advancement of active enzyme complexes will facilitate the commercial production of useful products from red algae biomass which represents inexpensive and sustainable feed-stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hee Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyou You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Microorganisms living on macroalgae: diversity, interactions, and biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2917-35. [PMID: 24562178 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms play key roles in every marine ecological process, hence the growing interest in studying their populations and functions. Microbial communities on algae remain underexplored, however, despite their huge biodiversity and the fact that they differ markedly from those living freely in seawater. The study of this microbiota and of its relationships with algal hosts should provide crucial information for ecological investigations on algae and aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, because these microorganisms interact with algae in multiple, complex ways, they constitute an interesting source of novel bioactive compounds with biotechnological potential, such as dehalogenases, antimicrobials, and alga-specific polysaccharidases (e.g., agarases, carrageenases, and alginate lyases). Here, to demonstrate the huge potential of alga-associated organisms and their metabolites in developing future biotechnological applications, we first describe the immense diversity and density of these microbial biofilms. We further describe their complex interactions with algae, leading to the production of specific bioactive compounds and hydrolytic enzymes of biotechnological interest. We end with a glance at their potential use in medical and industrial applications.
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Thomas F, Barbeyron T, Michel G. Evaluation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR in the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 84:61-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Rebuffet E, Barbeyron T, Jeudy A, Jam M, Czjzek M, Michel G. Identification of Catalytic Residues and Mechanistic Analysis of Family GH82 ι-Carrageenases. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7590-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Rebuffet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Alexandra Jeudy
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
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