1
|
Zhao Y, Sun B, Fu X, Zuo Z, Qin H, Yao K. YAP in development and disease: Navigating the regulatory landscape from retina to brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116703. [PMID: 38713948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The distinctive role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the nervous system has attracted widespread attention. This comprehensive review strategically uses the retina as a vantage point, embarking on an extensive exploration of YAP's multifaceted impact from the retina to the brain in development and pathology. Initially, we explore the crucial roles of YAP in embryonic and cerebral development. Our focus then shifts to retinal development, examining in detail YAP's regulatory influence on the development of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), and its significant effects on the hierarchical structure and functionality of the retina. We also investigate the essential contributions of YAP in maintaining retinal homeostasis, highlighting its precise regulation of retinal cell proliferation and survival. In terms of retinal-related diseases, we explore the epigenetic connections and pathophysiological regulation of YAP in diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Lastly, we broaden our exploration from the retina to the brain, emphasizing the research paradigm of "retina: a window to the brain." Special focus is given to the emerging studies on YAP in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), underlining its potential therapeutic value in neurodegenerative disorders and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuan Zuo
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vakayil M, Madani AY, Agha MV, Majeed Y, Hayat S, Yonuskunju S, Mohamoud YA, Malek J, Suhre K, Mazloum NA. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1 promotes adipogenesis and limits fibrosis by suppressing GPNMB-mediated TGF-β signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11886. [PMID: 38789534 PMCID: PMC11126700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin-ligase UHRF1 is an epigenetic regulator coordinating DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, little is known about how it regulates adipogenesis or metabolism. In this study, we discovered that UHRF1 is a key regulatory factor for adipogenesis, and we identified the altered molecular pathways that UHRF1 targets. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout strategies, we discovered the whole transcriptomic changes upon UHRF1 deletion. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that key adipogenesis regulators such PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α were suppressed, whereas TGF-β signaling and fibrosis markers were upregulated in UHRF1-depleted differentiating adipocytes. Furthermore, UHRF1-depleted cells showed upregulated expression and secretion of TGF-β1, as well as the glycoprotein GPNMB. Treating differentiating preadipocytes with recombinant GPNMB led to an increase in TGF-β protein and secretion levels, which was accompanied by an increase in secretion of fibrosis markers such as MMP13 and a reduction in adipogenic conversion potential. Conversely, UHRF1 overexpression studies in human cells demonstrated downregulated levels of GPNMB and TGF-β, and enhanced adipogenic potential. In conclusion, our data show that UHRF1 positively regulates 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and limits fibrosis by suppressing GPNMB and TGF-β signaling cascade, highlighting the potential relevance of UHRF1 and its targets to the clinical management of obesity and linked metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Vakayil
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Y Madani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha V Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Majeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahina Hayat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shameem Yonuskunju
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Ali Mohamoud
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayef A Mazloum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miyazawa K, Itoh Y, Fu H, Miyazono K. Receptor-activated transcription factors and beyond: multiple modes of Smad2/3-dependent transmission of TGF-β signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107256. [PMID: 38569937 PMCID: PMC11063908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is widely distributed throughout the body. Its receptor proteins, TGF-β type I and type II receptors, are also ubiquitously expressed. Therefore, the regulation of various signaling outputs in a context-dependent manner is a critical issue in this field. Smad proteins were originally identified as signal-activated transcription factors similar to signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins. Smads are activated by serine phosphorylation mediated by intrinsic receptor dual specificity kinases of the TGF-β family, indicating that Smads are receptor-restricted effector molecules downstream of ligands of the TGF-β family. Smad proteins have other functions in addition to transcriptional regulation, including post-transcriptional regulation of micro-RNA processing, pre-mRNA splicing, and m6A methylation. Recent technical advances have identified a novel landscape of Smad-dependent signal transduction, including regulation of mitochondrial function without involving regulation of gene expression. Therefore, Smad proteins are receptor-activated transcription factors and also act as intracellular signaling modulators with multiple modes of function. In this review, we discuss the role of Smad proteins as receptor-activated transcription factors and beyond. We also describe the functional differences between Smad2 and Smad3, two receptor-activated Smad proteins downstream of TGF-β, activin, myostatin, growth and differentiation factor (GDF) 11, and Nodal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yuka Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Applied Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nasiri G, Azimirad M, Goudarzi H, Amirkamali S, Yadegar A, Ghalavand Z, Shahrokh S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. The inhibitory effects of live and UV-killed Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivatives on cytotoxicity and inflammatory response induced by Clostridioides difficile RT001 in vitro. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:393-409. [PMID: 37479958 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. Probiotics are widely recommended to prevent CDI and its recurrences. Akkermansia muciniphila, as a therapeutic symbiont colonizing the intestinal mucosal layer, is considered to be a promising next-generation probiotic. In this work, we assessed the inhibitory effects of A. muciniphila MucT and its derivatives on cytotoxicity and inflammatory response induced by C. difficile RT001 in Caco-2 cells. The results obtained from SEM revealed that the morphology of UV-killed A. muciniphila remained unchanged after UV inactivation. TEM analysis showed that A. muciniphila-isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) were spherical and ranged from 50 to 200 nm in size. Toxigenic supernatant (Tox-S) of C. difficile RT001 (500 μg/ml) significantly (P <0.01) reduced the cell viability of Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells treated with live (MOI 10), UV-killed (MOI 10), cell-free supernatant (CFS, 106 cfu/ml), and EVs (20 μg/ml) of A. muciniphila exhibited over 90% viability in comparison to untreated control. The neutralized CFS preparation using A. muciniphila and its derivatives could notably reduce the expression level of inflammatory markers. Additionally, A. muciniphila and its derivatives modulated the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells. We demonstrated that A. muciniphila and its derivatives can modulate changes in the gut barrier-related genes and inflammatory response caused by C. difficile Tox-S in Caco-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gelareh Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Amirkamali
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu R, Zhang J, Hu X, Xu P, Huang S, Cui S, Guo Y, Yang H, Chen X, Jiang C. Yi-shen-hua-shi granules modulate immune and inflammatory damage via the ALG3/PPARγ/NF-κB pathway in the treatment of immunoglobulin a nephropathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117204. [PMID: 37757993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Controversy persists regarding the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), thereby highlighting the demand for safer more effective therapeutic drugs. Although supplementary treatment using Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YSHS) granules has distinct advantages with respect to improving renal function in IgAN, a lack of clarity regarding the underlying mechanisms limits their clinical application. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacy of YSHS granules in the treatment of IgAN. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of IgAN was established based on lipopolysaccharide, carbon tetrachloride, and bovine serum albumin induction. In order to evaluate the effects of YSHS granules, we performed a range of techniques, including immunofluorescence assays, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and flow cytometry, to assess inflammation, immunity, and other relevant factors. Direct data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) analysis and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were used for functional characterization and quantitative validation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and Western blot analysis is used to identify downstream proteins associated with DEPs. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the levels of proteinuria, urine red blood cells, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and pathological kidney damage were reduced in the YSHS group. A high dose of YSHS granules was found to raise the levels of CD8 T cells and reduce the CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral serum. To examine the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects YSHS granules, we performed direct DIA-MS analysis to identify proteins that were differentially expressed among the model, YSHS, and control groups. A total of 29 proteins were identified as being commonly expressed in all three groups. Further KEGG and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that YSHS granules can contribute to the regulation of N-glycosylation-associated proteins, such as ALG3 and STT3A, in rats with IgAN. Detected changes in the expression of ALG3 and STT3A were consistent with the PRM results. We also established that the administration of YSHS granules can contribute to regulation of the ALG3-associated PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in this study provide evidence to indicate the efficacy of YSHS granules in the treatment of IgAN, the putative underlying mechanisms of which involve the modulation of N-glycosylation, mediated via the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjia Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xingge Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Penghao Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyan Cui
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma Z, Chen Y, Qiu J, Guo R, Cai K, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Zan L, Li A. CircBTBD7 inhibits adipogenesis via the miR-183/SMAD4 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126740. [PMID: 37689299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex biological process. However, the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in adipogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circBTBD7, which was highly expressed in adipose tissue and peaked at two days after differentiation in bovine primary adipocytes. When circBTBD7 was knocked down in bovine primary adipocytes, the lipid droplets accumulation was significantly increased. Furthermore, the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and lipogenic genes (FABP4, FASN and ACCα) were significantly upregulated. Moreover, circBTBD7 was mainly located in the cytoplasm, which indicated it was probably to act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Subsequently, the dual luciferase reporter assay showed that circBTBD7 could bind to miR-183. Further, miR-183 promoted adipogenesis by inhibiting SMAD4. What's more, the rescue assays showed that circBTBD7 attenuated the inhibition of SMAD4 expression by sponging miR-183. In summary, these results suggested that circBTBD7 inhibited adipogenesis via the miR-183/SMAD4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ju Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Keli Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xueqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caruso JA, Wang X, Murrow LM, Rodriguez CI, Chen-Tanyolac C, Vu L, Chen YY, Gascard P, Gartner ZJ, Kerlikowske K, Tlsty TD. Loss of PPARγ activity characterizes early protumorigenic stromal reprogramming and dictates the therapeutic window of opportunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303774120. [PMID: 37816052 PMCID: PMC10589683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303774120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although robustly expressed in the disease-free (DF) breast stroma, CD36 is consistently absent from the stroma surrounding invasive breast cancers (IBCs). In this study, we primarily observed CD36 expression in adipocytes and intralobular capillaries within the DF breast. Larger vessels concentrated in interlobular regions lacked CD36 and were instead marked by the expression of CD31. When evaluated in perilesional capillaries surrounding ductal carcinoma in situ, a nonobligate IBC precursor, CD36 loss was more commonly observed in lesions associated with subsequent IBC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) governs the expression of CD36 and genes involved in differentiation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Coincident with CD36 loss, we observed a dramatic suppression of PPARγ and its target genes in capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, which typically surround and support the stability of the capillary endothelium. Factors present in conditioned media from malignant cells repressed PPARγ and its target genes not only in cultured ECs and pericytes but also in adipocytes, which require PPARγ for proper differentiation. In addition, we identified a role for PPARγ in opposing the transition of pericytes toward a tumor-supportive myofibroblast phenotype. In mouse xenograft models, early intervention with rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, demonstrated significant antitumor effects; however, following the development of a palpable tumor, the antitumor effects of rosiglitazone were negated by the repression of PPARγ in the mouse stroma. In summary, PPARγ activity in healthy tissues places several stromal cell types in an antitumorigenic state, directly inhibiting EC proliferation, maintaining adipocyte differentiation, and suppressing the transition of pericytes into tumor-supportive myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Caruso
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lyndsay M Murrow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | | | - Lisa Vu
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Philippe Gascard
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Thea D Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ballav S, Ranjan A, Basu S. Partial Activation of PPAR-γ by Synthesized Quercetin Derivatives Modulates TGF-β1-Induced EMT in Lung Cancer Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300037. [PMID: 37042092 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a very low survival rate due to poor response to chemotherapy and late detection. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a major contributor to drive metastasis during NSCLC progression. Towards this, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is the key driver that endows cancer cells with increased aggressiveness. Recently, this group synthesized a series of Schiff base quercetin derivatives (QDs) and ascertained their effectiveness on EMT markers of A549 cell line. This study evidenced that the EMT process is counteracted via the partial activation of a nuclear hormone receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ through QDs. Here, that work is extended to investigate the interplay between PPAR-γ partial activation and TGF-β1-induced EMT in human lung cancer A549 cells. The results reveal that TGF-β1 plays a critical role in suppressing PPAR-γ, which is markedly reversed and increased by partial agonists: QUE2FH and QUESH at both protein and transcriptional levels. The partial agonists not only stimulate PPAR-γ in a balanced manner but also prevent the loss of E-cadherin and acquisition of TGF-β1-induced mesenchymal markers (Snail, Slug, Vimentin, and Zeb-1). Subsequently, the effects are accompanied by attenuation of TGF-β1-induced migratory ability of A549 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ballav
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 033, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 033, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 033, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng L, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zheng S, Xie N. Immunometabolism changes in fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243675. [PMID: 37576819 PMCID: PMC10412938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are essential for initiating and developing the fibrotic process by releasing cytokines and growth factors that activate fibroblasts and promote extracellular matrix deposition. Immunometabolism describes how metabolic alterations affect the function of immune cells and how inflammation and immune responses regulate systemic metabolism. The disturbed immune cell function and their interactions with other cells in the tissue microenvironment lead to the origin and advancement of fibrosis. Understanding the dysregulated metabolic alterations and interactions between fibroblasts and the immune cells is critical for providing new therapeutic targets for fibrosis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the pathophysiology of fibrosis from the immunometabolism aspect, highlighting the altered metabolic pathways in critical immune cell populations and the impact of inflammation on fibroblast metabolism during the development of fibrosis. We also discuss how this knowledge could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodian Zhang
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Pathology, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan Q, Chang Y, Jiang P, Sun L, Ma Y, Ma X. Association of MLL3 and TGF-β signaling gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and prognostic outcomes of Stanford type B aortic dissection : MLL3 with TGF-β signal pathway association with Stanford type B AD. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:275. [PMID: 37226099 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association of lysine methyltransferase 2 C (MLL3) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling-related gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Stanford type B aortic dissection (AD) and its clinical prognostic outcomes. The methods involved investigating the MLL3 (rs10244604, rs6963460, rs1137721), TGFβ1 (rs1800469), TGFβ2 (rs900), TGFR1 (rs1626340) and TGFR2 (rs4522809) gene polymorphisms. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between 7 single nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and Stanford type B aortic dissection. The GMDR software was used to analyze gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to evaluate the association of genes and Stanford type B AD risk. RESULTS Genotypes and allele distributions in the case and control groups showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Logistic regression has shown that the Stanford Type B AD risk was highest in individuals with the rs1137721 CT genotype (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.51-12.40). Additionally, WBC, drinking, hypertension, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were independent risk factors for Stanford Type B AD. Logistic regression showed that the Stanford Type B AD risk was highest in individuals with the MLL3 (rs1137721)-TT + CT and TGFβ1 (rs4522809)-AA genotype (OR = 6.72, 95% CI = 1.56-29.84), and lowest in those with the MLL3 (rs1137721)-CC and TGFβ1 (rs4522809)-AA + GG genotype (OR = 4.38, 95% CI = 0.92-20.83). However, the 55-month median long-term follow-up did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSION Carriers of both TT + CT of MLL3 (rs1137721) and AA of TGFβ1 (rs4522809) polymorphisms may be closely related to the development of Stanford type B AD. MLL3 (rs1137721), WBC, and TG/TC were found to be associated with the morbidity of Stanford type B AD. MLL3 (KMT2C) is associated with the TGF-β signaling pathway protein. The risk of Stanford type B AD is related to the interactions of gene-gene and gene-environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yafei Chang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fourth People's Hospital of Urumqi City, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Fuyang Tumor hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Yitong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu T, Wang M, Ning F, Zhou S, Hu X, Xin H, Reilly S, Zhang X. Emerging role for branched-chain amino acids metabolism in fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106604. [PMID: 36503000 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological feature of organ diseases resulting from excessive production of extracellular matrix, which accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is currently no effective treatment targeting fibrogenesis. Recently, metabolic alterations are increasingly considered as essential factors underlying fibrogenesis, and especially research on metabolic regulation of amino acids is flourishing. Among them, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are the most abundant essential amino acids, including leucine, isoleucine and valine, which play significant roles in the substance and energy metabolism and their regulation. Dysregulation of BCAAs metabolism has been proven to contribute to numerous diseases. In this review, we summarize the metabolic regulation of fibrosis and the changes in BCAAs metabolism secondary to fibrosis. We also review the effects and mechanisms of the BCAAs intervention, and its therapeutic targeting in hepatic, renal and cardiac fibrosis, with a focus on the fibrosis in liver and associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengling Ning
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shilin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuetao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Septembre-Malaterre A, Boina C, Douanier A, Gasque P. Deciphering the Antifibrotic Property of Metformin. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244090. [PMID: 36552855 PMCID: PMC9777391 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic progressive and incurable disease leading to organ dysfunction. It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into myofibroblasts. Given the complexity of its pathophysiology, the search for effective treatments for fibrosis is of paramount importance. Metformin, a structural dimethyl analog of the galegine guanide extracted from the "French Lilac" (Fabaceae Galega officinalis), is the most widely used antidiabetic drug, recently recognized for its antifibrotic effects through ill-characterized mechanisms. The in vitro model of TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in human primary pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (HPMSCs), identified as CD248+ and CD90+ cells, was used to study the effects of metformin extracts. These effects were tested on the expression of canonical MSC differentiation markers, immune/inflammatory factors and antioxidative stress molecules using qRT-PCR (mRNA, miRNA), immunofluorescence and ELISA experiments. Interestingly, metformin is able to reduce/modulate the expression of different actors involved in fibrosis. Indeed, TGF-β1 effects were markedly attenuated by metformin, as evidenced by reduced expression of three collagen types and Acta2 mRNAs. Furthermore, metformin attenuated the effects of TGF-β1 on the expression of PDGF, VEGF, erythropoietin, calcitonin and profibrotic miRs, possibly by controlling the expression of several key TGF/Smad factors. The expression of four major fibrogenic MMPs was also reduced by metformin treatment. In addition, metformin controlled MSC differentiation into lipofibroblasts and osteoblasts and had the ability to restore redox balance via the Nox4/Nrf2, AMP and Pi3K pathways. Overall, these results show that metformin is a candidate molecule for antifibrotic effect and/or aiming to combat the development of chronic inflammatory diseases worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Chailas Boina
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| | - Audrey Douanier
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu X, Gu X, Xue M, Ge C, Liang X. Proteomic analysis of hepatic fibrosis induced by a high starch diet in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 43:101007. [PMID: 35714397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass is sensitive to the dietary starch level and excess starch can induce metabolic liver diseases (MLD). Hepatic fibrosis is a typical pathological phenotype of MLD in largemouth bass, but the molecular basis underlying is largely unclear. This study fed fish with a low or high starch diet for 4 weeks. Liver tissues with or without fibrotic symptoms were recognized through histopathological and molecular markers analysis of hepatic fibrosis, following TMT Quantitative proteomics and conducted Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) analyses. 2455 differentially expressed proteins with 1618 up-regulated and 837 down-regulated were identified in this study. In GO terms, up-regulated proteins were correlated with cytoskeleton organization, supramolecular fiber, cytoskeleton protein binding, and actin-binding, while down-regulated proteins were involved in mainly metabolism-related processes, and molecular binding activity. Down-regulated proteins were enriched in 63 KEGG pathways and concentrated in metabolism-related pathways, especially glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. 70 KEGG pathways of up-regulated proteins mainly included immunity and inflammation-related pathways. The expression trends of 11 differentially expressed proteins were consistent with proteome results by PRM analysis. In conclusion, the development of hepatic fibrosis induced by high starch may be related to multi-signaling pathways, metabolism processes, and targets, which provides important data for further study on revealing the molecular mechanism of hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Gu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunyu Ge
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Chen S, Yu L, Deng Y, Li D, Yu X, Chen D, Lu Y, Liu S, Chen R. Pemafibrate attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108728. [PMID: 35397395 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality despite advances in medical therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play important roles in the fibrosis-related diseases and their agonists may become effective therapeutic targets. Pemafibrate is a selective PPARα agonist, but the efficacy against pulmonary fibrosis and mechanisms involved have not been systematically evaluated. Thus, the aims of this study were to explore the role of PPARα in the pulmonary fibrosis and to assess the effect of pemafibrate in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The effects of pemafibrate were evaluated in bleomycin-challenged murine pulmonary fibrosis model and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimulated lung fibroblasts. RESULTS Bleomycin instillation induced body weight loss, declined lung function, pulmonary fibrosis, and extensive collagen deposition in the mice, accompanied with decreased pulmonary expression of PPARα, all of which were partially improved by pemafibrate at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Besides, pemafibrate effectively inhibits TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that pemafibrate not only inhibited pulmonary expression of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in bleomycin-inhaled mice, but also repressed activation of NLRP3/caspase-1 axis in TGF-β1 stimulated lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that pemafibrate exerts a marked protection against from the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which could constitute a novel candidate for the treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Difei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang S, Liang Y, Dai C. Metabolic Regulation of Fibroblast Activation and Proliferation during Organ Fibrosis. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:115-125. [PMID: 35527985 DOI: 10.1159/000522417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Activated fibroblasts are present in the injury response, tumorigenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation in a variety of tissues and myriad disease types. Summary During normal tissue repair, quiescent fibroblasts transform into a proliferative and contractile phenotype termed myofibroblasts and are then lost as repair resolves to form a scar. When excessive levels are reached, activated fibroblasts proliferate and produce large amounts of extracellular matrix, which accumulates in the interstitial space of different organs. This accumulation leads to fibrotic dysfunction and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome. To date, there are limited effective treatments for these conditions. Cellular metabolism is the cornerstone of all biological activities. Emerging evidence shows that metabolic alterations in fibroblasts are important for the activation process and illness progression. These discoveries, along with current clinical advances showing decreased lung fibrosis after targeting specific metabolic pathways, thus offer new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review was to summarize the most recent knowledge of the major metabolic changes that occur during fibroblast transition from quiescent to activated states and the evidence linking alterations in fibroblast metabolism to the pathobiology of several common fibrotic diseases and tumor-related diseases. Key Messages Metabolic disorders are associated with the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Interfering with fibroblast metabolism may be a promising therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis and other fibrosis-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Wang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Genetics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu Z, Gao H, Zhang Y, Feng W, Miao Y, Xu Z, Li W, Chen F, Lv Z, Huo J, Liu W, Shen X, Zong Y, Zhao J, Lu A. CCL7 and TGF-β secreted by MSCs play opposite roles in regulating CRC metastasis in a KLF5/CXCL5 dependent manner. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2327-2341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
17
|
Qi Y, Zhang H, Fan H, Wang X, Zhao A, Tian Y, Yang G, Li C, Wei J, Yao W, Hao C. PPARγ/LXRα axis mediated phenotypic plasticity of lung fibroblasts in silica-induced experimental silicosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118272. [PMID: 34718086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a disease mainly caused by pulmonary interstitial fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of dust with excessively high content of free SiO2. Transdifferentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is an important cellular basis for silicosis, but the key transcription factors (TFs) involved in this process are still unclear. In order to explore the biological regulation of transcription factor PPARγ/LXRα in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, this study explored the molecular mechanism of PPARγ/LXRα involved in regulating transcription factors related to SiO2-induced lung injury at the cellular level and in animal models. ChIP-qPCR detected that PPARγ directly regulated the transcriptional activity of the LXRα gene promoter, while the PPARγ agonist RSG increased the expression of LXRα. In addition, we demonstrated in the cell model that upregulation of LXRα can inhibit silica-mediated fibroblast transdifferentiation, accompanied by an increase in the expression of SREBF1, PLTP and ABCA1. The results of LXRα silencing experiment matched those of overexpression experiment. These studies explored the role of LXRα in plasticity and phenotypic transformation between lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Therefore, inhibiting or reversing the transdifferentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by intervening PPARγ/LXRα may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of silicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Qi
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ahui Zhao
- Henan Disease Control and Prevention Center, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Tian
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Guo Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu X, Jiang L, Long M, Wei X, Hou Y, Du Y. Metabolic Reprogramming and Renal Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:746920. [PMID: 34859009 PMCID: PMC8630632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.746920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several causes of chronic kidney disease, but all of these patients have renal fibrosis. Although many studies have examined the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, there are still no effective treatments. A healthy and balanced metabolism is necessary for normal cell growth, proliferation, and function, but metabolic abnormalities can lead to pathological changes. Normal energy metabolism is particularly important for maintaining the structure and function of the kidneys because they consume large amounts of energy. We describe the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during renal fibrosis, which includes changes in fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and the relationship of these changes with renal fibrosis. We also describe the potential role of novel drugs that disrupt this metabolic reprogramming and the development of fibrosis, and current and future challenges in the treatment of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ung CY, Onoufriadis A, Parsons M, McGrath JA, Shaw TJ. Metabolic perturbations in fibrosis disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106073. [PMID: 34461262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes occur in all forms of disease but their impact on fibrosis is a relatively recent area of interest. This review provides an overview of the major metabolic pathways, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, and highlights how they influence fibrosis at a cellular and tissue level, drawing on key discoveries in dermal, renal, pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis. The emerging influence of adipose tissue-derived cytokines is discussed and brings a link between fibrosis and systemic metabolism. To close, the concept of targeting metabolism for fibrotic therapy is reviewed, drawing on lessons from the more established field of cancer metabolism, with an emphasis on important considerations for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuin Ying Ung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
| | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK.
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei A, Gao Q, Chen F, Zhu X, Chen X, Zhang L, Su X, Dai J, Shi Y, Cao W. Inhibition of DNA methylation derepresses PPARγ and attenuates pulmonary fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1304-1318. [PMID: 34378791 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Development of pulmonary fibrosis is associated with altered DNA methylation modifications of fibrogenic gene expressions; however, their causal relationships and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the critical role of DNA methylation aberration-associated suppression of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) in pulmonary fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expressions of PPARγ and bioactive DNA methyltranferases, and PPARγ promoter methylation status were examined from fibrotic lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and bleomycin (Blm)-treated mice. DNA demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5aza) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) derived from medicinal plant were assessed for their PPARγ derepression and anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities. PPARγ knockout mice were created to determine the critical role of PPARγ in the protections. KEY RESULTS Lung PPARγ expressions were markedly suppressed in IPF patients and Blm mice, accompanied by increased methyltransferase (DNMT) 1/DNMT3a and PPARγ promoter hypermethylation. Administrations of 5aza and GA similarly demethylated PPARγ promoter, recovered the PPARγ loss and alleviated the fibrotic lung pathologies, including structural alterations and adverse expressions of fibrotic mediators and inflammatory cytokines. In cultured lung fibroblast and alveolar epithelial cells, GA alleviated the fibrotic PPARγ suppression in a gain of DNMT-sensitive manner, and in PPARγ knockout mice, the anti-fibrotic effects of 5aza and GA were significantly reduced, suggesting that PPARγ is a critical mediator of epigenetic pulmonary fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Aberrant DNMT1/3a elevations and the resultant PPARγ suppression contribute significantly to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, and strategies targeting DNMT/PPARγ axis by synthetic or natural small compounds might benefit patients with pulmonary fibrotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Wei
- Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingren Chen
- Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shen JX, Couchet M, Dufau J, de Castro Barbosa T, Ulbrich MH, Helmstädter M, Kemas AM, Zandi Shafagh R, Marques M, Hansen JB, Mejhert N, Langin D, Rydén M, Lauschke VM. 3D Adipose Tissue Culture Links the Organotypic Microenvironment to Improved Adipogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100106. [PMID: 34165908 PMCID: PMC8373086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired adipogenesis. Understanding the molecular underpinnings that control adipogenesis is thus of fundamental importance for the development of novel therapeutics against metabolic disorders. However, translational approaches are hampered as current models do not accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Here, a scaffold-free versatile 3D adipocyte culture platform with chemically defined conditions is presented in which primary human preadipocytes accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Following differentiation, multi-omics profiling and functional tests demonstrate that 3D adipocyte cultures feature mature molecular and cellular phenotypes similar to freshly isolated mature adipocytes. Spheroids exhibit physiologically relevant gene expression signatures with 4704 differentially expressed genes compared to conventional 2D cultures (false discovery rate < 0.05), including the concerted expression of factors shaping the adipogenic niche. Furthermore, lipid profiles of >1000 lipid species closely resemble patterns of the corresponding isogenic mature adipocytes in vivo (R2 = 0.97). Integration of multi-omics signatures with analyses of the activity profiles of 503 transcription factors using global promoter motif inference reveals a complex signaling network, involving YAP, Hedgehog, and TGFβ signaling, that links the organotypic microenvironment in 3D culture to the activation and reinforcement of PPARγ and CEBP activity resulting in improved adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne X. Shen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Jérémy Dufau
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Thais de Castro Barbosa
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Maximilian H. Ulbrich
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
| | - Aurino M. Kemas
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
- Division of Micro‐ and NanosystemsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm100 44Sweden
| | - Marie‐Adeline Marques
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2100Denmark
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Toulouse University HospitalsDepartment of BiochemistryToulouse31079France
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lambert J, Saliba J, Calderon C, Sii-Felice K, Salma M, Edmond V, Alvarez JC, Delord M, Marty C, Plo I, Kiladjian JJ, Soler E, Vainchenker W, Villeval JL, Rousselot P, Prost S. PPARγ agonists promote the resolution of myelofibrosis in preclinical models. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136713. [PMID: 33914703 DOI: 10.1172/jci136713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a non-BCR-ABL myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with poor outcomes. Current treatment has little effect on the natural history of the disease. MF results from complex interactions between (a) the malignant clone, (b) an inflammatory context, and (c) remodeling of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Each of these points is a potential target of PPARγ activation. Here, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonists in resolving MF in 3 mouse models. We showed that PPARγ agonists reduce myeloproliferation, modulate inflammation, and protect the BM stroma in vitro and ex vivo. Activation of PPARγ constitutes a relevant therapeutic target in MF, and our data support the possibility of using PPARγ agonists in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Lambert
- Division of Innovative Therapies, CEA/DRF/François Jacob Biology Institute, UMR1184 IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.,Opale Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Saliba
- Division of Innovative Therapies, CEA/DRF/François Jacob Biology Institute, UMR1184 IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carolina Calderon
- Division of Innovative Therapies, CEA/DRF/François Jacob Biology Institute, UMR1184 IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Opale Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - Karine Sii-Felice
- Division of Innovative Therapies, CEA/DRF/François Jacob Biology Institute, UMR1184 IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohammad Salma
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Université de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Edmond
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Département de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, AP-HP, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, FHU Sepsis, Garches, France.,MasSpecLab, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse, INSERM U-1173, Université Paris-Saclay (Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines), UFR des sciences de la santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Kiladjian
- Opale Carnot Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques CIC 1427, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Eric Soler
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Université de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Rousselot
- Division of Innovative Therapies, CEA/DRF/François Jacob Biology Institute, UMR1184 IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.,Opale Carnot Institute, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay (Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines), UFR des sciences de la santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Stéphane Prost
- Division of Innovative Therapies, CEA/DRF/François Jacob Biology Institute, UMR1184 IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Opale Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maione AS, Stadiotti I, Pilato CA, Perrucci GL, Saverio V, Catto V, Vettor G, Casella M, Guarino A, Polvani G, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Excess TGF-β1 Drives Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to a Pro-Fibrotic Commitment in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052673. [PMID: 33800912 PMCID: PMC7961797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM) is characterized by the replacement of the myocardium with fibrotic or fibro-fatty tissue and inflammatory infiltrates in the heart. To date, while ACM adipogenesis is a well-investigated differentiation program, ACM-related fibrosis remains a scientific gap of knowledge. In this study, we analyze the fibrotic process occurring during ACM pathogenesis focusing on the role of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSC) as a source of myofibroblasts. We performed the ex vivo studies on plasma and right ventricular endomyocardial bioptic samples collected from ACM patients and healthy control donors (HC). In vitro studies were performed on C-MSC isolated from endomyocardial biopsies of both groups. Our results revealed that circulating TGF-β1 levels are significantly higher in the ACM cohort than in HC. Accordingly, fibrotic markers are increased in ACM patient-derived cardiac biopsies compared to HC ones. This difference is not evident in isolated C-MSC. Nevertheless, ACM C-MSC are more responsive than HC ones to TGF-β1 treatment, in terms of pro-fibrotic differentiation and higher activation of the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. These results provide the novel evidence that C-MSC are a source of myofibroblasts and participate in ACM fibrotic remodeling, being highly responsive to ACM-characteristic excess TGF-β1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5800-2753
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Chiara Assunta Pilato
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Valentina Saverio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Valentina Catto
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Vettor
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Casella
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Guarino
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Circulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is elevated in systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 37:921-926. [PMID: 33603610 PMCID: PMC7874880 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.84746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with distinguished fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Vascular damage, immune dysregulation and fibroblasts activation contribute to SSc pathogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) can be a link between cell metabolism and fibrosis in SSc due to its anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory properties. Aim To measure the serum level of PPAR-γ in SSc patients and correlate it with the SSc subtype, hs-CRP, disease duration, vascular and internal organ involvement. Material and methods Twenty-two SSc patients (15 limited SSc, 7 diffuse SSc) matched with healthy controls were analysed. Clinical and laboratory data were collected including specific antibodies, interstitial lung disease, oesophageal involvement, digital pitting scars, disease duration, Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). PPAR-γ levels were analysed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed with χ2, Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney-U test. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to establish variables association. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05. Results PPAR-γ concentration was elevated in SSc patients in comparison to controls (p = 0.007) with the highest difference for diffuseSSc (p = 0.004) with significantly elevated mRSS. No association between PPAR-γ levels and hs-CRP, internal organ and vascular involvement, disease duration, autoantibodies and RP onset was found. Conclusions The present study revealed elevated serum PPAR-γ in SSc patients, in particular those with a diffuse form, presenting highest mRSS and lowest BMI. Whether circulating PPAR-γ originates from atrophic adipose tissue, reperfused vessels or ischemic tissues needs assessing. Also the biological meaning or effect of elevated serum PPAR-γ requires further studies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Metabolic requirements of pulmonary fibrosis: role of fibroblast metabolism. FEBS J 2021; 288:6331-6352. [PMID: 33393204 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathologic condition characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and chronic scaring that can affect every organ system. Organ fibrosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, contributing to as many as 45% of all deaths in the developed world. In the lung, many chronic lung diseases may lead to fibrosis, the most devastating being idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which affects approximately 3 million people worldwide and has a median survival of 3.8 years. Currently approved therapies for IPF do not significantly extend lifespan, and thus, there is pressing need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat IPF and other fibrotic diseases. At the heart of pulmonary fibrosis are myofibroblasts, contractile cells with characteristics of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, which are the primary cell type responsible for matrix deposition in fibrotic diseases. Much work has centered around targeting the extracellular growth factors and intracellular signaling regulators of myofibroblast differentiation. Recently, metabolic changes associated with myofibroblast differentiation have come to the fore as targetable mechanisms required for myofibroblast function. In this review, we will discuss the metabolic changes associated with myofibroblast differentiation, as well as the mechanisms by which these changes promote myofibroblast function. We will then discuss the potential for this new knowledge to lead to the development of novel therapies for IPF and other fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Hamanaka
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gomart A, Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: LPS/TLR4-Induced Crosstalk Between Canonical TGF-β/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways and PPARγ. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:713344. [PMID: 34712628 PMCID: PMC8547806 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.713344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Several recent studies, however, have contributed to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this dreadful disease. Numerous intracellular pathways play a key role in NEC, namely: bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ. In a large number of pathologies, canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ operate in opposition to one another, so that when one of the two pathways is overexpressed the other is downregulated and vice-versa. In NEC, activation of TLR4 by LPS leads to downregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and upregulation of PPARγ. This review aims to shed light on the complex intracellular mechanisms involved in this pathophysiological profile by examining additional pathways such as the GSK-3β, NF-κB, TGF-β/Smads, and PI3K-Akt pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Gomart
- Département de Pédiatrie et Médecine de l'adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Involvement of FATP2-mediated tubular lipid metabolic reprogramming in renal fibrogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:994. [PMID: 33219209 PMCID: PMC7679409 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following a chronic insult, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) contribute to the development of kidney fibrosis through dysregulated lipid metabolism that lead to lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. Intracellular lipid metabolism is tightly controlled by fatty acids (FAs) uptake, oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. Although it is widely accepted that impaired fatty acids oxidation (FAO) play a crucial role in renal fibrosis progression, other lipid metabolic pathways, especially FAs uptake, has not been investigated in fibrotic kidney. In this study, we aim to explore the potential mechanically role of FAs transporter in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. In the present study, the unbiased gene expression studies showed that fatty acid transporter 2 (FATP2) was one of the predominant expressed FAs transport in TECs and its expression was tightly associated with the decline of renal function. Treatment of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys and TGF-β induced TECs with FATP2 inhibitor (FATP2i) lipofermata restored the FAO activities and alleviated fibrotic responses both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the expression of profibrotic cytokines including TGF-β, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB) were all decreased in FATP2i-treated UUO kidneys. Mechanically, FATP2i can effectively attenuate cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by TGF-β treatment in cultured TECs. Taking together, these findings reveal that FATP2 elicits a profibrotic response to renal interstitial fibrosis by inducing lipid metabolic reprogramming including abnormal FAs uptake and defective FAO in TECs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kasashima H, Duran A, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Nakanishi Y, Kinoshita H, Linares JF, Reina-Campos M, Kudo Y, L'Hermitte A, Yashiro M, Ohira M, Bao F, Tauriello DVF, Batlle E, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Stromal SOX2 Upregulation Promotes Tumorigenesis through the Generation of a SFRP1/2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Population. Dev Cell 2020; 56:95-110.e10. [PMID: 33207226 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor malignancy, but the precise transcriptional mechanisms regulating the acquisition of the CAF phenotype are not well understood. We show that the upregulation of SOX2 is central to this process, which is repressed by protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). PKCζ deficiency activates the reprogramming of colonic fibroblasts to generate a predominant SOX2-dependent CAF population expressing the WNT regulator Sfrp2 as its top biomarker. SOX2 directly binds the Sfrp1/2 promoters, and the inactivation of Sox2 or Sfrp1/2 in CAFs impaired the induction of migration and invasion of colon cancer cells, as well as their tumorigenicity in vivo. Importantly, recurrence-free and overall survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients negatively correlates with stromal PKCζ levels. Also, SOX2 expression in the stroma is associated with CRC T invasion and worse prognosis of recurrence-free survival. Therefore, the PKCζ-SOX2 axis emerges as a critical step in the control of CAF pro-tumorigenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kasashima
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antoine L'Hermitte
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniele V F Tauriello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ni XX, Li XY, Wang Q, Hua J. Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity affects the hepatic stellate cell activation and the progression of NASH via TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 77:35-45. [PMID: 33188625 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of liver fibrosis is associated with activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts (activated HSCs), which produce excessive extracellular matrix. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) exerts protective effects on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The current study was to explore the function of PPAR-γ on HSC activation and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our study found that HSCs were gradually activated during the progression of methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH, accompanied by decreased PPAR-γ expression and activated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in the liver. PPAR-γ agonist was found to inhibit primary HSCs and NIH/3T3 fibroblast activation and reverted their phenotypical morphology induced by TGF-β1 in vitro. In addition to this, PPAR-γ agonist decreased expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 while increased expression of Smad7. In vivo, rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, inhibited HSC activation and alleviated liver fibrosis and inflammation similarly via inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. In parallel, rosiglitazone alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation, beneficial to reverse of NASH. From these findings, it can be concluded that the gradual activation of HSCs is crucial to the progression of NASH and modulating PPAR-γ expression can affect HSC activation via TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and thereby influence hepatic fibrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Ni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hua
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hu S, Bae M, Park YK, Lee JY. n-3 PUFAs inhibit TGFβ1-induced profibrogenic gene expression by ameliorating the repression of PPARγ in hepatic stellate cells. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
31
|
Li X, Li X, He S, Zhao M. MeCP2-421-mediated RPE epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its relevance to the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9420-9427. [PMID: 32638535 PMCID: PMC7417696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blinding eye disease. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PVR. In the current study, we sought to investigate the role of the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2), especially P‐MeCP2‐421 in the pathogenesis of PVR. The expressions of P‐MeCP2‐421, P‐MeCP2‐80, PPAR‐γ and the double labelling of P‐MeCP2‐421 with α‐SMA, cytokeratin, TGF‐β and PPAR‐γ in human PVR membranes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of knocking down MeCP2 using siRNA on the expressions of α‐SMA, phospho‐Smad2/3, collagen I, fibronectin and PPAR‐γ; the expression of α‐SMA stimulated by recombinant MeCP2 in ARPE‐19; and the effect of TGF‐β and 5‐AZA treatment on PPAR‐γ expression were analysed by Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to determine the binding of MeCP2 to TGF‐β. Our results showed that P‐MeCP2‐421 was highly expressed in PVR membranes and was double labelled with α‐SMA, cytokeratin and TGF‐β, knocking down MeCP2 inhibited the activation of Smad2/3 and the expression of collagen I and fibronectin induced by TGF‐β. TGF‐β inhibited the expression of PPAR‐γ, silence of MeCP2 by siRNA or using MeCP2 inhibitor (5‐AZA) increased the expression of PPAR‐γ. α‐SMA was up‐regulated by the treatment of recombinant MeCP2. Importantly, we found that MeCP2 bound to TGF‐β as demonstrated by Chip assay. The results suggest that MeCP2 especially P‐MeCP2‐421 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PVR and targeting MeCP2 may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of PVR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shikun He
- Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,Departments of Pathology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun X, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Kumar S, Qu N, Srivastava A, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. TGF-β1 attenuates mitochondrial bioenergetics in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via the disruption of carnitine homeostasis. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101593. [PMID: 32554303 PMCID: PMC7303661 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) signaling is increased and mitochondrial function is decreased in multiple models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) including lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and pressure (Shunt). However, the potential link between TGF-β1 and the loss of mitochondrial function has not been investigated and was the focus of our investigations. Our data indicate that exposure of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) to TGF-β1 disrupted mitochondrial function as determined by enhanced mitochondrial ROS generation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. These events resulted in a decrease in cellular ATP levels, decreased hsp90/eNOS interactions and attenuated shear-mediated NO release. TGF-β1 induced mitochondrial dysfunction was linked to a nitration-mediated activation of Akt1 and the subsequent mitochondrial translocation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) resulting in the nitration of carnitine acetyl transferase (CrAT) and the disruption of carnitine homeostasis. The increase in Akt1 nitration correlated with increased NADPH oxidase activity associated with increased levels of p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1. The increase in NADPH oxidase was associated with a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type gamma (PPARγ) and the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, was able to mimic the disruptive effect of TGF-β1 on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Together, our studies reveal for the first time, that TGF-β1 can disrupt mitochondrial function through the disruption of cellular carnitine homeostasis and suggest that stimulating carinitine homeostasis may be an avenue to treat pulmonary vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Center for Blood Disorders, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Anup Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, The Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, The Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Banno A, Jadhav SK, Pulikkal Kadamberi I, Kim SC, Reddy RC. Cigarette smoke downregulates Nur77 to exacerbate inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229256. [PMID: 32084204 PMCID: PMC7034866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) contains multiple gaseous and particulate materials that can cause lung inflammation, and smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We sought to determine the mechanisms of how CS triggers lung inflammation. Nur77, a nuclear hormone receptor belonging to the immediate-early response gene family, controls inflammatory responses, mainly by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Because it is unknown if Nur77's anti-inflammatory role modulates COPD, we assessed if and how Nur77 expression and activity are altered in CS-induced airway inflammation. In lung tissues and bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients, we found Nur77 was downregulated. In a murine model of CS-induced airway inflammation, CS promoted lung inflammation and also reduced Nur77 activity in wild type (WT) mice, whereas lungs of Nur77-deficient mice showed exaggerated CS-induced inflammatory responses. Our findings in in vitro studies of human airway epithelial cells complemented those in vivo data in mice, together showing that CS induced threonine-phosphorylation of Nur77, which is known to interfere with its anti-inflammatory functions. In summary, our findings point to Nur77 as an important regulator of CS-induced inflammatory responses and support the potential benefits of Nur77 activation for COPD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sowmya P. Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shantanu Krishna Jadhav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ishaque Pulikkal Kadamberi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seong C. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Raju C. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fan Y, Jalali A, Chen A, Zhao X, Liu S, Teli M, Guo Y, Li F, Li J, Siegel A, Yang L, Liu J, Na S, Agarwal M, Robling AG, Nakshatri H, Li BY, Yokota H. Skeletal loading regulates breast cancer-associated osteolysis in a loading intensity-dependent fashion. Bone Res 2020; 8:9. [PMID: 32128277 PMCID: PMC7021802 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are mechanosensitive bone cells, but little is known about their effects on tumor cells in response to mechanical stimulation. We treated breast cancer cells with osteocyte-derived conditioned medium (CM) and fluid flow-treated conditioned medium (FFCM) with 0.25 Pa and 1 Pa shear stress. Notably, CM and FFCM at 0.25 Pa induced the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), but FFCM at 1 Pa induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This suggested that the effects of fluid flow on conditioned media depend on flow intensity. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based evaluation of Src activity and vinculin molecular force showed that osteopontin was involved in EMT and MET switching. A mouse model of tumor-induced osteolysis was tested using dynamic tibia loadings of 1, 2, and 5 N. The low 1 N loading suppressed tumor-induced osteolysis, but this beneficial effect was lost and reversed with loads at 2 and 5 N, respectively. Changing the loading intensities in vivo also led to changes in serum TGFβ levels and the composition of tumor-associated volatile organic compounds in the urine. Collectively, this study demonstrated the critical role of intensity-dependent mechanotransduction and osteopontin in tumor-osteocyte communication, indicating that a biophysical factor can tangibly alter the behaviors of tumor cells in the bone microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fan
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Aydin Jalali
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Andy Chen
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Meghana Teli
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Yunxia Guo
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Fangjia Li
- 4Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Junrui Li
- 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Amanda Siegel
- 6Integrative Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Lianxiang Yang
- 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Jing Liu
- 4Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Sungsoo Na
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Mangilal Agarwal
- 6Integrative Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- 7Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,8Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- 9Department of Surgery, Simon Cancer Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.,6Integrative Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,7Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,8Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Banno A, Reddy RC. Glucocorticoid Receptor α Mediates Roflumilast's Ability to Restore Dexamethasone Sensitivity in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:125-134. [PMID: 32021151 PMCID: PMC6969699 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s230188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids are commonly prescribed to treat inflammation of the respiratory system; however, they are mostly ineffective for controlling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-associated inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for such glucocorticoid inefficacy in COPD, which may be instrumental to providing better patient outcomes. Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties in severe COPD patients who have a history of exacerbations. Roflumilast has a suggested ability to mitigate glucocorticoid resistance, but the mechanism is unknown. Methods To understand the mechanism that mediates roflumilast-induced restoration of glucocorticoid sensitivity in COPD, we tested the role of glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα). Roflumilast's effects on GRα expression and transcriptional activity were assessed in bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients. Results We found that both GRα expression and activity are downregulated in bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and that roflumilast stimulates both GRα mRNA synthesis and GRα's transcriptional activity in COPD bronchial epithelial cells. We also demonstrate that roflumilast enhances dexamethasone's ability to suppress pro-inflammatory mediator production, in a GRα-dependent manner. Discussion Our findings highlight the significance of roflumilast-induced GRα upregulation for COPD therapeutic strategies by revealing that roflumilast restores glucocorticoid sensitivity by sustaining GRα expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA15240, USA
| | - Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA15240, USA
| | - Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA15240, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to organ dysfunction, morbidity, and death. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and there are currently no therapies that can prevent or reverse fibrosis. Metabolic alterations are increasingly recognized as an important pathogenic process that underlies fibrosis across many organ types. As a result, metabolically targeted therapies could become important strategies for fibrosis reduction. Indeed, some of the pathways targeted by antifibrotic drugs in development - such as the activation of transforming growth factor-β and the deposition of extracellular matrix - have metabolic implications. This Review summarizes the evidence to date and describes novel opportunities for the discovery and development of drugs for metabolic reprogramming, their associated challenges, and their utility in reducing fibrosis. Fibrotic therapies are potentially relevant to numerous common diseases such as cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic renal disease, heart failure, diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and scleroderma.
Collapse
|
37
|
Platko K, Lebeau PF, Byun JH, Poon SV, Day EA, MacDonald ME, Holzapfel N, Mejia-Benitez A, Maclean KN, Krepinsky JC, Austin RC. GDF10 blocks hepatic PPARγ activation to protect against diet-induced liver injury. Mol Metab 2019; 27:62-74. [PMID: 31288993 PMCID: PMC6717799 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth differentiation factors (GDFs) and bone-morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily and are known to play a central role in the growth and differentiation of developing tissues. Accumulating evidence, however, demonstrates that many of these factors, such as BMP-2 and -4, as well as GDF15, also regulate lipid metabolism. GDF10 is a divergent member of the TGFβ superfamily with a unique structure and is abundantly expressed in brain and adipose tissue; it is also secreted by the latter into the circulation. Although previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of GDF10 reduces adiposity in mice, the role of circulating GDF10 on other tissues known to regulate lipid, like the liver, has not yet been examined. METHODS Accordingly, GDF10-/- mice and age-matched GDF10+/+ control mice were fed either normal control diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and examined for changes in liver lipid homeostasis. Additional studies were also carried out in primary and immortalized human hepatocytes treated with recombinant human (rh)GDF10. RESULTS Here, we show that circulating GDF10 levels are increased in conditions of diet-induced hepatic steatosis and, in turn, that secreted GDF10 can prevent excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. We also report that GDF10-/- mice develop an obese phenotype as well as increased liver triglyceride accumulation when fed a NCD. Furthermore, HFD-fed GDF10-/- mice develop increased steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, fibrosis, and injury of the liver compared to HFD-fed GDF10+/+ mice. To explain these observations, studies in cultured hepatocytes led to the observation that GDF10 attenuates nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity; a transcription factor known to induce de novo lipogenesis. CONCLUSION Our work delineates a hepatoprotective role of GDF10 as an adipokine capable of regulating hepatic lipid levels by blocking de novo lipogenesis to protect against ER stress and liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Samantha V Poon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Holzapfel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Aurora Mejia-Benitez
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kenneth N Maclean
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lecarpentier Y, Gourrier E, Gobert V, Vallée A. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Crosstalk Between PPARγ, WNT/β-Catenin and TGF-β Pathways; The Potential Therapeutic Role of PPARγ Agonists. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:176. [PMID: 31131268 PMCID: PMC6509750 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious pulmonary disease which occurs in preterm infants. Mortality remains high due to a lack of effective treatment, despite significant progress in neonatal resuscitation. In BPD, a persistently high level of canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway activity at the canalicular stage disturbs the pulmonary maturation at the saccular and alveolar stages. The excessive thickness of the alveolar wall impairs the normal diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, leading to hypoxia. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) up-regulates canonical WNT signaling and inhibits the peroxysome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This profile is observed in BPD, especially in animal models. Following a premature birth, hypoxia activates the canonical WNT/TGF-β axis at the expense of PPARγ. This gives rise to the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis that impairs the respiratory function after birth, during childhood and even adulthood. Potential therapeutic treatment could target the inhibition of the canonical WNT/TGF-β pathway and the stimulation of PPARγ activity, in particular by the administration of nebulized PPARγ agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Elizabeth Gourrier
- Service de néonatologie, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Vincent Gobert
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP Paris, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Banno A, Reddy RC. Identification and Molecular Characterization of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ as a Novel Target for Covalent Modification by 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3269-3278. [PMID: 30398845 PMCID: PMC6470001 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PPARδ belongs to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors. Upon activation by an agonist, PPARδ controls a variety of physiological processes via regulation of its target genes. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin that features an electrophilic, α,β-unsaturated ketone (an enone) in the cyclopentenone ring. Many of 15d-PGJ2's biological effects result from covalent interaction between C9 and the thiol group of a catalytic cysteine (Cys) in target proteins. In this study, we investigated whether 15d-PGJ2 activates PPARδ by forming a covalent adduct. Our data show that 15d-PGJ2 activates PPARδ's transcriptional activity through formation of a covalent adduct between its endocyclic enone at C9 and Cys249 in the receptor's ligand-binding domain. As expected, no adduct formation was seen following a Cys-to-Ser mutation at residue 249 (C249S) of PPARδ or with a PGD2/PGJ2 analogue that lacks the electrophilic C9. Furthermore, the PPARδ C249S mutation weakened induction of the receptor's DNA binding activity by 15d-PGJ2, which highlights the biological significance of our findings. Calculated chemical properties as well as data from molecular orbital calculations, reactive molecular dynamics simulations, and intrinsic reaction coordinate modeling also supported the selectivity of 15d-PGJ2's C9 toward PPARδ's Cys thiol. In summary, our results provide the molecular, chemical, and structural basis of 15d-PGJ2-mediated PPARδ activation, designating 15d-PGJ2 as the first covalent PPARδ ligand to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| | - Sowmya P. Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| | - Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Raju C. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Banno A, Reddy RC. Role of GPx3 in PPARγ-induced protection against COPD-associated oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:350-357. [PMID: 30118830 PMCID: PMC6368849 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke, a source of numerous oxidants, produces oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory responses that lead to irreversible lung tissue damage. It is the single, most significant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although an intrinsic defense system that includes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic modulators exists to protect lung tissues against oxidative stress, impairment of these protective mechanisms has been demonstrated in smokers and COPD patients. The antioxidant enzyme GSH peroxidase (GPx) is an important part of this intrinsic defense system. Although cigarette smoke has been shown to downregulate its expression and activity, the underlying mechanism is not known. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor with antioxidant effects. PPARγ activation has demonstrated protective effects against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Molecular mechanisms for PPARγ's antioxidant function likewise remain to be elucidated. This study explored the link between PPARγ and GPx3 and found a positive association in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that identifies GPx3 as a PPARγ transcriptional target. Attenuation of antioxidant effects in the absence of GPx3 highlights the antioxidant's prominent role in mediating PPARγ's function. We also demonstrate that ligand-mediated PPARγ activation blocks CSE-induced reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide production via upregulation of GPx3. In summary, our findings describing the molecular mechanisms involving GPx3 and PPARγ in CSE-induced oxidative stress and inflammation may provide valuable information for the development of more effective therapeutics for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lecarpentier Y, Schussler O, Claes V, Vallée A. The Myofibroblast: TGFβ-1, A Conductor which Plays a Key Role in Fibrosis by Regulating the Balance between PPARγ and the Canonical WNT Pathway. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.11131/2017/101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEP), Meaux, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, HUG/CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Claes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Baicalin and baicalein attenuate renal fibrosis in vitro via inhibition of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3074-3080. [PMID: 28928802 PMCID: PMC5590043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin and baicalein are flavonoid compounds derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These compounds have been used in the treatment of numerous diseases, including fibrotic diseases. However, research regarding their antifibrotic effects and mechanism of action in renal fibrosis is limited. In the present study, normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast (NRK-49F) cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, with or without baicalin/baicalein, and assessed for proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, collagen expression, TGF-β1 expression and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) protein activation. The results revealed that baicalin and baicalein exhibited antifibrotic effects in vitro, whereas baicalein had a stronger inhibitory action compared with baicalin on TGF-β1-induced NRK-49F cell proliferation, deposition of ECM, collagen synthesis, endogenous TGF-β1 expression and phosphorylation of SMAD3. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that baicalin and baicalein, particularly baicalein, exhibit antifibrotic effects in vitro by inhibiting the TGF-β1 pathway. Therefore, these compounds have the potential to be developed as novel agents to treat renal fibrosis.
Collapse
|