1
|
Hefermehl AK, Hensen SMM, Versantvoort C, Rothermel A, Şahin U. Automated glycan-bead coupling for high throughput, highly reproducible anti-glycan antibody analysis. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100103. [PMID: 37595636 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Automation of diagnostic assays generally aims to increase reproducibility and throughput while decreasing human errors and hands-on time. Here, we introduce a protocol for the automated chemical conjugation of glycans to color-coded magnetic beads using the KingFisher Flex magnetic particle processor. The resulting glycan-coupled magnetic beads allow the detection of anti-glycan antibodies of different isotypes from various species. By generating anti-glycan antibody profiles, monoclonal antibodies can be screened for their specificity and cross-reactivity, while anti-glycan antibody profiles from different human body fluids can aid in predicting response to treatment or outcome of disease. This efficient, scalable protocol can also be adapted to attach proteins and other biomolecules to beads, making it useful for a wider range of applications that require bead-based laboratory methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Katharina Hefermehl
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Freiligrathstr. 12, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Carina Versantvoort
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Freiligrathstr. 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrée Rothermel
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Freiligrathstr. 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uğur Şahin
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krylov VB, Kuznetsov AN, Polyanskaya AV, Tsarapaev PV, Yashunsky DV, Kushlinskii NE, Nifantiev NE. ASCA-related antibodies in the blood sera of healthy donors and patients with colorectal cancer: characterization with oligosaccharides related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1296828. [PMID: 38146532 PMCID: PMC10749338 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1296828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannans are polysaccharide antigens expressed on the cell wall of different fungal species including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp. These fungi are components of the normal intestinal microflora, and the presence of antibodies to fungal antigens is known to reflect the features of the patient's immune system. Thus, titers of IgG and IgA antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan (ASCA) are markers for clinical diagnostics of inflammatory bowel diseases. The complex organization and heterogeneity of cell-wall mannans may reduce the quality and reproducibility of ELISA results due to interference by different antigenic epitopes. In this research, we analyzed the levels of IgG antibodies in the sera of healthy donors and patients with colorectal cancer using an array of synthetic oligosaccharides related to distinct fragments of fungal mannan. This study aimed to establish the influence of oligosaccharide structure on their antigenicity. Variations in the structure of the previously established ASCA epitope (changing type of linkage, chain length, and the presence of branches) significantly modified the ability of ligands to bind to circulating antibodies in blood sera. The study showed that surface presentation density of the ligand critically affects the results of enzyme immunoassay. The transition from natural coating antigens to their corresponding synthetic mimetics with a defined structure opens new opportunities for improving existing ELISA test systems, as well as developing diagnostic kits with new properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim B. Krylov
- Laboratory of Synthetic Glycovaccines, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton N. Kuznetsov
- Laboratory of Synthetic Glycovaccines, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina V. Polyanskaya
- Laboratory of Synthetic Glycovaccines, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Tsarapaev
- Laboratory of Synthetic Glycovaccines, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Yashunsky
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Kushlinskii
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Chen T, Zhu Y, Furey A, Lowary TL, Chan J, Bournazos S, Ravetch JV, Achkar JM. Features and protective efficacy of human mAbs targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinomannan. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167960. [PMID: 37733444 PMCID: PMC10619501 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the epitopes most relevant for antibody-mediated protection against tuberculosis (TB) remains a major knowledge gap. We have shown that human polyclonal IgG against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) surface glycan arabinomannan (AM) and related lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is protective against TB. To investigate the impact of AM epitope recognition and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding on antibody functions against M. tuberculosis, we isolated a high-affinity human monoclonal antibody (mAb; P1AM25) against AM and showed its binding to oligosaccharide (OS) motifs we previously found to be associated with in vitro functions of human polyclonal anti-AM IgG. Human IgG1 P1AM25, but not 2 other high-affinity human IgG1 anti-AM mAbs reactive with different AM OS motifs, enhanced M. tuberculosis phagocytosis by macrophages and reduced intracellular growth in an FcγR-dependent manner. P1AM25 in murine IgG2a, but neither murine IgG1 nor a non-FcγR-binding IgG, given intraperitoneally prior to and after aerosolized M. tuberculosis infection, was protective in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, we demonstrated the protective efficacy of human IgG1 P1AM25 in passive transfer with M. tuberculosis-infected FcγR-humanized mice. These data enhance our knowledge of the important interplay between both antibody epitope specificity and Fc effector functions in the defense against M. tuberculosis and could inform development of vaccines against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yongqi Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aisha Furey
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Chan
- Public Health Research Institute at the International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School – Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Jacqueline M. Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okuda T, Kato K. Serum components influence antibody reactivity to glycan and DNA antigens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13644. [PMID: 37607950 PMCID: PMC10444758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously generated three types of anti-glycan monoclonal IgM antibodies that react with certain structures on the glycans of glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins. As the nucleotide sequences for the variable regions of these IgM antibodies showed homology with those of anti-DNA antibodies deposited in public databases, we analyzed the reactivity of the anti-glycan IgM antibodies to DNA by ELISA. We found that anti-α2,6-sialyl LacNAc IgM in the supernatant of a hybridoma culture cross-reacted with DNA, and after purification of the IgM by zirconia column chromatography, the highly purified IgM showed increased cross-reactivity to DNA. As most of the contaminating bovine serum proteins in the culture supernatant were removed by the purification process, it is likely that a part of the removed components influences antibody reactivity to DNA. Purified anti-DNA antibodies prepared from lupus model NZB/W F1 and MRL/lpr mouse sera and normal human serum were then analyzed, and similar results showing increased reactivity to DNA were obtained. Furthermore, ELISA using these purified antibodies and various carbohydrate antigens showed that the antigen-binding specificity of these antibodies was altered by the purification process from serum-containing antibody preparations. Our results indicate that mammalian serum contains components that strongly influence antibody reactivity to carbohydrate antigens, including DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Okuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Kato
- Multi-Material Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8560, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ziganshina MM, Shilova NV, Khalturina EO, Dolgushina NV, V Borisevich S, Yarotskaya EL, Bovin NV, Sukhikh GT. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement with a Focus on SARS-CoV-2 and Anti-Glycan Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:1584. [PMID: 37515270 PMCID: PMC10384250 DOI: 10.3390/v15071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon where virus-specific antibodies paradoxically cause enhanced viral replication and/or excessive immune responses, leading to infection exacerbation, tissue damage, and multiple organ failure. ADE has been observed in many viral infections and is supposed to complicate the course of COVID-19. However, the evidence is insufficient. Since no specific laboratory markers have been described, the prediction and confirmation of ADE are very challenging. The only possible predictor is the presence of already existing (after previous infection) antibodies that can bind to viral epitopes and promote the disease enhancement. At the same time, the virus-specific antibodies are also a part of immune response against a pathogen. These opposite effects of antibodies make ADE research controversial. The assignment of immunoglobulins to ADE-associated or virus neutralizing is based on their affinity, avidity, and content in blood. However, these criteria are not clearly defined. Another debatable issue (rather terminological, but no less important) is that in most publications about ADE, all immunoglobulins produced by the immune system against pathogens are qualified as pre-existing antibodies, thus ignoring the conventional use of this term for natural antibodies produced without any stimulation by pathogens. Anti-glycan antibodies (AGA) make up a significant part of the natural immunoglobulins pool, and there is some evidence of their antiviral effect, particularly in COVID-19. AGA have been shown to be involved in ADE in bacterial infections, but their role in the development of ADE in viral infections has not been studied. This review focuses on pros and cons for AGA as an ADE trigger. We also present the results of our pilot studies, suggesting that AGAs, which bind to complex epitopes (glycan plus something else in tight proximity), may be involved in the development of the ADE phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Ziganshina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia O Khalturina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Dolgushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina L Yarotskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma B, Wang R, Chen B, Liu W, Zhou S, Li X, Gong J, Shang S, Li Y, Xu D, Tan Z. Insights into the effect of protein glycosylation on carbohydrate substrate binding. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123833. [PMID: 36870654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of glycosylation in the binding of glycoproteins to carbohydrate substrates has not been well understood. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by elucidating the links between the glycosylation patterns of a model glycoprotein, a Family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (TrCBM1), and the thermodynamic and structural properties of its binding to different carbohydrate substrates using isothermal titration calorimetry and computational simulation. The variations in glycosylation patterns cause a gradual transition of the binding to soluble cellohexaose from an entropy-driven process to an enthalpy-driven one, a trend closely correlated with the glycan-induced shift of the predominant binding force from hydrophobic interactions to hydrogen bonding. However, when binding to a large surface of solid cellulose, glycans on TrCBM1 have a more dispersed distribution and thus have less adverse impact on the hydrophobic interaction forces, leading to overall improved binding. Unexpectedly, our simulation results also suggest an evolutionary role of O-mannosylation in transforming the substrate binding features of TrCBM1 from those of type A CBMs to those of type B CBMs. Taken together, these findings provide new fundamental insights into the molecular basis of the role of glycosylation in protein-carbohydrate interactions and are expected to better facilitate further studies in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Baoquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiying Shang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dingguo Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Zhongping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vrablova V, Blsakova A, Lorencova L, Kollar J, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Tkac J. How to choose proper magnetic particles for bioaffinity interactions? The case for immobilised glyconanoconjugate. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1242:340794. [PMID: 36657889 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an assay for detection of the cancer biomarker Thomsen-nouvelle (Tn) antigen on the ELISA plates format was designed and developed. The effects of size and the interfacial density of the negative charge of magnetic beads (MBs) on the specific sensitivity of the bioaffinity interaction were studied. In particular, glyconanoconjugate, i.e. glycan Tn antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was covalently immobilised on MBs for the bioaffinity detection of anti-Tn antibodies as cancer biomarkers. Six different MBs were used in the study, i.e. carboxy-modified MBs of 250 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm and 2800 nm and epoxy-modified MBs of 2800 nm and 4500 nm. In order to evaluate which MBs are the best suited for detection of the analyte anti-Tn antibodies, sensitivities of detection (slopes from calibration curves) were calculated. Next, specific sensitivities were calculated for each type of MBs as a ratio of sensitivity of detection to the mass of MBs. From zeta potential ζ for each type of MBs, the interfacial charge density on MBs was calculated, expressed as the density of zeta potential ζd (ratio of zeta potential to surface area of MBs, i.e. ζd = ζ/A). Then, we evaluated the effect of size and ζd on the specific sensitivity of detection of anti-Tn antibodies in order to understand the immobilisation process on nanoscale. We also identified an optimal value of ζd on MBs; this was essential to achieve highly sensitive detection of the analyte, which made it possible to attain limit of detection (LOD) of (0.31 ± 0.01) ng mL-1 or (2.10 ± 0.04) pM for analyte detection. In addition, the optimal assay configuration was highly selective and enabled reliable detection of the analyte in human serum with a recovery index in the range of 102-104%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vrablova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Blsakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kollar
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye L, Ji X, Song Z, Guan L, Zhao L, Wang W, Du W. Clinical Value of Glycan Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Evaluation of Post-Neurosurgical Bacterial Meningitis with Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020187. [PMID: 36672998 PMCID: PMC9858593 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) is one of the severe complications in patients receiving neurosurgical procedures. Recent studies have found microbe-related glycans play important roles in adhesion, invasion, and toxicity toward innate immunological reactions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the glycomic profile and its potential diagnostic efficacy in post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) patients with hemorrhagic stroke. A total of 136 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were recruited and divided into a PNBM group and a non-PNBM group based on the clinical diagnostic criteria. A lectin biochip-based method was established for the detection of glycans in CSF. The clinicopathological data and biochemical parameters in CSF from all patients were analyzed. Two models for multivariate analysis investigating glycan changes in the CSF were conducted, aiming at determining the specific expression and diagnostic efficacy of lectin-probing glycans (LPGs) for PNBM. In univariate analysis, we found that 8 out of 11 LPGs were significantly correlated with PNBM. Model 1 multivariate analysis revealed that PNA (p = 0.034), Jacalin (p = 0.034) and LTL (p = 0.001) were differentially expressed in the CSF of PNBM patients compared with those of non-PNBM patients. Model 2 multivariate analysis further disclosed that LTL (p = 0.021) and CSF glucose (p < 0.001) had independent diagnostic efficacies in PNBM, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.703 and 0.922, respectively. In summary, this study provided a new insight into the subject of CSF glycomics concerning bacterial infection in patients with hemorrhagic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (W.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6292-2114 (L.Y.); +86-551-6516-1011 (W.D.); Fax: +86-551-6363-3742 (L.Y.); +86-551-6516-5628 (W.D.)
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zijian Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Municipal First People’s Hospital, Daxue Road 269, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Liao Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei 230032, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Weidong Du
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (W.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6292-2114 (L.Y.); +86-551-6516-1011 (W.D.); Fax: +86-551-6363-3742 (L.Y.); +86-551-6516-5628 (W.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Through their specific interactions with proteins, cellular glycans play key roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. One of the main goals of research in the areas of glycobiology and glycomedicine is to understand glycan-protein interactions at the molecular level. Over the past two decades, glycan microarrays have become powerful tools for the rapid evaluation of interactions between glycans and proteins. In this review, we briefly describe methods used for the preparation of glycan probes and the construction of glycan microarrays. Next, we highlight applications of glycan microarrays to rapid profiling of glycan-binding patterns of plant, animal and pathogenic lectins, as well as other proteins. Finally, we discuss other important uses of glycan microarrays, including the rapid analysis of substrate specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes, the quantitative determination of glycan-protein interactions, discovering high-affinity or selective ligands for lectins, and identifying functional glycans within cells. We anticipate that this review will encourage researchers to employ glycan microarrays in diverse glycan-related studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Temme JS, Crainic JA, Walker LM, Yang W, Tan Z, Huang X, Gildersleeve JC. Microarray-guided evaluation of the frequency, B cell origins, and selectivity of human glycan-binding antibodies reveals new insights and novel antibodies. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102468. [PMID: 36087840 PMCID: PMC9576894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system produces a diverse collection of antiglycan antibodies that are critical for host defense. At present, however, we know very little about the binding properties, origins, and sequences of these antibodies because of a lack of access to a variety of defined individual antibodies. To address this challenge, we used a glycan microarray with over 800 different components to screen a panel of 516 human monoclonal antibodies that had been randomly cloned from different B-cell subsets originating from healthy human subjects. We obtained 26 antiglycan antibodies, most of which bound microbial carbohydrates. The majority of the antiglycan antibodies identified in the screen displayed selective binding for specific glycan motifs on our array and lacked polyreactivity. We found that antiglycan antibodies were about twice as likely than expected to originate from IgG+ memory B cells, whereas none were isolated from naïve, early emigrant, or immature B cells. Therefore, our results indicate that certain B-cell subsets in our panel are enriched in antiglycan antibodies, and IgG+ memory B cells may be a promising source of such antibodies. Furthermore, some of the newly identified antibodies bound glycans for which there are no reported monoclonal antibodies available, and these may be useful as research tools, diagnostics, or therapeutic agents. Overall, the results provide insight into the types and properties of antiglycan antibodies produced by the human immune system and a framework for the identification of novel antiglycan antibodies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Temme
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Jennifer A Crainic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Zibin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sorieul C, Papi F, Carboni F, Pecetta S, Phogat S, Adamo R. Recent advances and future perspectives on carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108158. [PMID: 35183590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundantly expressed on the surface of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, often as post translational modifications of proteins. Glycoproteins are recognized by the immune system and can trigger both innate and humoral responses. This feature has been harnessed to generate vaccines against polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis. In cancer, glycosylation plays a pivotal role in malignancy development and progression. Since glycans are specifically expressed on the surface of tumor cells, they have been targeted for the discovery of anticancer preventive and therapeutic treatments, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Despite the various efforts made over the last years, resulting in a series of clinical studies, attempts of vaccination with carbohydrate-based candidates have proven unsuccessful, primarily due to the immune tolerance often associated with these glycans. New strategies are thus deployed to enhance carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Moreover, lessons learned from glycan immunobiology paved the way to the development of new monoclonal antibodies specifically designed to recognize cancer-bound carbohydrates and induce tumor cell killing. Herein we provide an overview of the immunological principles behind the immune response towards glycans and glycoconjugates and the approaches exploited at both preclinical and clinical level to target cancer-associated glycans for the development of vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. We also discuss gaps and opportunities to successfully advance glycan-directed cancer therapies, which could provide patients with innovative and effective treatments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dworkin LA, Clausen H, Joshi HJ. Applying transcriptomics to studyglycosylation at the cell type level. iScience 2022; 25:104419. [PMID: 35663018 PMCID: PMC9156939 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex multi-step process of glycosylation occurs in a single cell, yet current analytics generally cannot measure the output (the glycome) of a single cell. Here, we addressed this discordance by investigating how single cell RNA-seq data can be used to characterize the state of the glycosylation machinery and metabolic network in a single cell. The metabolic network involves 214 glycosylation and modification enzymes outlined in our previously built atlas of cellular glycosylation pathways. We studied differential mRNA regulation of enzymes at the organ and single cell level, finding that most of the general protein and lipid oligosaccharide scaffolds are produced by enzymes exhibiting limited transcriptional regulation among cells. We predict key enzymes within different glycosylation pathways to be highly transcriptionally regulated as regulatable hotspots of the cellular glycome. We designed the Glycopacity software that enables investigators to extract and interpret glycosylation information from transcriptome data and define hotspots of regulation. RNA-seq can provide information on the glycosylation metabolic network state It is possible to readout glycosylation capacity from single cell RNA-seq data Genes regulating the biosynthesis of common glycan scaffolds show little regulation Key enzymes in the glycosylation network are predicted to be regulatable hotspots
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Alexander Dworkin
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiren Jitendra Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
![]()
Fluorinated
carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences.
Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There
are not many applications involving polyfluorinated carbohydrates,
here defined as monosaccharides in which more than one carbon has
at least one fluorine substituent directly attached to it, with the
notable exception of their use as mechanism-based inhibitors. The
increasing attention to carbohydrate physical properties, especially
around lipophilicity, has resulted in a surge of interest for this
class of compounds. This review covers the considerable body of work
toward the synthesis of polyfluorinated hexoses, pentoses, ketosugars,
and aminosugars including sialic acids and nucleosides. An overview
of the current state of the art of their glycosidation is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kler Huonnic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alves I, Fernandes Â, Santos-Pereira B, Azevedo CM, Pinho SS. Glycans as a key factor in self and non-self discrimination: Impact on the breach of immune tolerance. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1485-1502. [PMID: 35383918 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are carbohydrates that are made by all organisms and covalently conjugated to other biomolecules. Glycans cover the surface of both human cells and pathogens and are fundamental to defining the identity of a cell or an organism, thereby contributing to discriminating self from non-self. As such, glycans are a class of "Self-Associated Molecular Patterns" that can fine-tune host inflammatory processes. In fact, glycans can be sensed and recognized by a variety of glycan-binding proteins (GBP) expressed by immune cells, such as galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins, which recognize changes in the cellular glycosylation, instructing both pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. In this review, we introduce glycans as cell-identification structures, discussing how glycans modulate host-pathogen interactions and how they can fine-tune inflammatory processes associated with infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. Finally, from the clinical standpoint, we discuss how glycoscience research can benefit life sciences and clinical medicine by providing a source of valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Alves
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos-Pereira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Azevedo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barchi JJ. Glycoconjugate Nanoparticle-Based Systems in Cancer Immunotherapy: Novel Designs and Recent Updates. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852147. [PMID: 35432351 PMCID: PMC9006936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, cell-surface glycans (in particular, Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens, TACAs) have been the target of both passive and active anticancer immunotherapeutic design. Recent advances in immunotherapy as a treatment for a variety of malignancies has revolutionized anti-tumor treatment regimens. Checkpoint inhibitors, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells, Oncolytic virus therapy, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have been developed and many approvals have led to remarkable outcomes in a subset of patients. However, many of these therapies are very selective for specific patient populations and hence the search for improved therapeutics and refinement of techniques for delivery are ongoing and fervent research areas. Most of these agents are directed at protein/peptide epitopes, but glycans-based targets are gaining in popularity, and a handful of approved immunotherapies owe their activity to oligosaccharide targets. In addition, nanotechnology and nanoparticle-derived systems can help improve the delivery of these agents to specific organs and cell types based on tumor-selective approaches. This review will first outline some of the historical beginnings of this research area and subsequently concentrate on the last 5 years of work. Based on the progress in therapeutic design, predictions can be made as to what the future holds for increasing the percentage of positive patient outcomes for optimized systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Barchi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deimel LP, Xue X, Sattentau QJ. Glycans in HIV-1 vaccine design – engaging the shield. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:866-881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Blšákova A, Květoň F, Lorencová L, Blixt O, Vikartovská A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Amplified suspension magnetic bead-based assay for sensitive detection of anti-glycan antibodies as potential cancer biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1195:339444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Balcom EF, Nath A, Power C. Acute and chronic neurological disorders in COVID-19: potential mechanisms of disease. Brain 2021; 144:3576-3588. [PMID: 34398188 PMCID: PMC8719840 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with both acute and chronic disorders affecting the nervous system. Acute neurological disorders affecting patients with COVID-19 range widely from anosmia, stroke, encephalopathy/encephalitis, and seizures to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Chronic neurological sequelae are less well defined although exercise intolerance, dysautonomia, pain, as well as neurocognitive and psychiatric dysfunctions are commonly reported. Molecular analyses of CSF and neuropathological studies highlight both vascular and immunologic perturbations. Low levels of viral RNA have been detected in the brains of few acutely ill individuals. Potential pathogenic mechanisms in the acute phase include coagulopathies with associated cerebral hypoxic-ischaemic injury, blood-brain barrier abnormalities with endotheliopathy and possibly viral neuroinvasion accompanied by neuro-immune responses. Established diagnostic tools are limited by a lack of clearly defined COVID-19 specific neurological syndromes. Future interventions will require delineation of specific neurological syndromes, diagnostic algorithm development and uncovering the underlying disease mechanisms that will guide effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Balcom
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, NINDS-NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Power
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Xing D, Zhang R. Exploring Carbohydrates for Therapeutics: A Review on Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756724. [PMID: 34867374 PMCID: PMC8634948 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are important components of foods and essential biomolecules performing various biological functions in living systems. A variety of biological activities besides providing fuel have been explored and reported for carbohydrates. Some carbohydrates have been approved for the treatment of various diseases; however, carbohydrate-containing drugs represent only a small portion of all of the drugs on the market. This review summarizes several potential development directions of carbohydrate-containing therapeutics, with the hope of promoting the application of carbohydrates in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|