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Grandis A, Santos HP, Tonini PP, Salles IS, Peres ASC, Carpita NC, Buckeridge MS. Role of cell wall polysaccharides in water distribution during seed imbibition of Hymenaea courbaril L. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38967306 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Seed water imbibition is critical to seedling establishment in tropical forests. The seeds of the neotropical tree Hymenaea courbaril have no oil reserves and have been used as a model to study storage cell wall polysaccharide (xyloglucan - XyG) mobilization. We studied pathways of water imbibition in Hymenaea seeds. To understand seed features, we performed carbohydrate analysis and scanning electron microscopy. We found that the seed coat comprises a palisade of lignified cells, below which are several cell layers with cell walls rich in pectin. The cotyledons are composed mainly of storage XyG. From a single point of scarification on the seed surface, we followed water imbibition pathways in the entire seed using fluorescent dye and NMRi spectroscopy. We constructed composites of cellulose with Hymenaea pectin or XyG. In vitro experiments demonstrated cell wall polymer capacity to imbibe water, with XyG imbibition much slower than the pectin-rich layer of the seed coat. We found that water rapidly crosses the lignified layer and reaches the pectin-rich palisade layer so that water rapidly surrounds the whole seed. Water travels very slowly in cotyledons (most of the seed mass) because it is imbibed in the XyG-rich storage walls. However, there are channels among the cotyledon cells through which water travels rapidly, so the primary cell walls containing pectins will retain water around each storage cell. The different seed tissue dynamic interactions between water and wall polysaccharides (pectins and XyG) are essential to determining water distribution and preparing the seed for germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grandis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H P Santos
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Bento Goncalves, Brazil
| | - P P Tonini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I S Salles
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S C Peres
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Av. Nascimento de Castro, Natal, Brazil
| | - N C Carpita
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - M S Buckeridge
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ahn S, Lee SJ. Nano/Micro Natural Patterns of Hydrogels against Water Loss. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1293-1304. [PMID: 35019330 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water loss can be delayed by trapping it within a polymeric network, i.e. hydrogel. However, the dynamic response of natural materials has not been explained to maintain water levels relatively constant against varying environmental conditions. In this study, patterned polymeric materials formed on plant seeds are observed to provide effective water retention ability against repeated dehydration-rehydration procedures. The perpendicular line pattern (layer-by-layer stack) of the polymer films induces lateral line patterns (surface lines) by a typical wrinkling mechanism, which contributes to the characteristic water interaction. The anisotropic line patterns on the seed surface generate more hydrophilic properties over the isotropic patterns against drying-out. The matric potential (Ψm) of water through the line patterned gel matrix generally shows higher efficiency over isotropically patterned gels. Anisotropic lines (i.e., wrinkles) are one of the most abundant patterning procedures, thus they are a more advantageous function occurring in natural systems. This study sheds light on material design technologies to control water interaction in porous materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsook Ahn
- Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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Miart F, Fontaine JX, Pineau C, Demailly H, Thomasset B, Van Wuytswinkel O, Pageau K, Mesnard F. MuSeeQ, a novel supervised image analysis tool for the simultaneous phenotyping of the soluble mucilage and seed morphometric parameters. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:112. [PMID: 30568724 PMCID: PMC6297999 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucilage is a model to study the polysaccharide biosynthesis since it is produced in large amounts and composed of complex polymers. In addition, it is of great economic interest for its technical and nutritional value. A fast method for phenotyping the released mucilage and the seed morphometric parameters will be useful for fundamental, food, pharmaceutical and breeding researches. Current strategies to phenotype soluble mucilage are restricted to visual evaluations or are highly time-consuming. RESULTS Here, we developed a high-throughput phenotyping method for the simultaneous measurement of the soluble mucilage content released on a gel and the seed morphometric parameters. Within this context, we combined a biochemical assay and an open-source computer-aided image analysis tool, MuSeeQ. The biochemical assay consists in sowing seeds on an agarose medium containing the dye toluidine blue O, which specifically stains the mucilage once it is released on the gel. The second part of MuSeeQ is a macro developed in ImageJ allowing to quickly extract and analyse 11 morphometric data of seeds and their respective released mucilages. As an example, MuSeeQ was applied on a flax recombinant inbred lines population (previously screened for fatty acids content.) and revealed significant correlations between the soluble mucilage shape and the concentration of some fatty acids, e.g. C16:0 and C18:2. Other fatty acids were also found to correlate with the seed shape parameters, e.g. C18:0 and C18:2. MuSeeQ was then showed to be used for the analysis of other myxospermous species, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. CONCLUSIONS MuSeeQ is a low-cost and user-friendly method which may be used by breeders and researchers for phenotyping simultaneously seeds of specific cultivars, natural variants or mutants and their respective soluble mucilage area released on a gel. The script of MuSeeQ and video tutorials are freely available at http://MuSeeQ.free.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Miart
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Present Address: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, INRA Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Pineau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de ressources régionales en biologie moléculaire, Bâtiment Serrres-Transfert, rue Dallery, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Van Wuytswinkel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Karine Pageau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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Behrouzian F, Razavi SM, Phillips GO. Cress seed (Lepidium sativum) mucilage, an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Naran R, Chen G, Carpita NC. Novel rhamnogalacturonan I and arabinoxylan polysaccharides of flax seed mucilage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:132-41. [PMID: 18667723 PMCID: PMC2528086 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.123513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The viscous seed mucilage of flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a mixture of rhamnogalacturonan I and arabinoxylan with novel side group substitutions. The rhamnogalacturonan I has numerous single nonreducing terminal residues of the rare sugar l-galactose attached at the O-3 position of the rhamnosyl residues instead of the typical O-4 position. The arabinoxylan is highly branched, primarily with double branches of nonreducing terminal l-arabinosyl units at the O-2 and O-3 positions along the xylan backbone. While a portion of each polysaccharide can be purified by anion-exchange chromatography, the side group structures of both polysaccharides are modified further in about one-third of the mucilage to form composites with enhanced viscosity. Our finding of the unusual side group structures for two well-known cell wall polysaccharides supports a hypothesis that plants make a selected few ubiquitous backbone polymers onto which a broad spectrum of side group substitutions are added to engender many possible functions. To this end, modification of one polymer may be accompanied by complementary modifications of others to impart functions to heterocomposites not present in either polymer alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radnaa Naran
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology , Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
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HIRST EL, REES DA, RICHARDSON NG. SEED POLYSACCHARIDES AND THEIR ROLE IN GERMINATION. A SURVEY OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE COMPONENTS OF MUSTARD SEEDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EMBRYOS. Biochem J 1996; 95:453-8. [PMID: 14340095 PMCID: PMC1214343 DOI: 10.1042/bj0950453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Methods were developed for the extraction, fractionation and purification of the more soluble polysaccharides of mustard-seed embryos. 2. One of these components was a pure homopolysaccharide, an araban, which was characterized by analysis, optical rotation, chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose and electrophoresis; the hydrolysis products of the methylated polysaccharide were isolated and characterized by the formation of crystalline derivatives. From these studies it emerges that mustard-seed araban is very similar to the family of pectic arabans, except that it is more highly branched than usual and contains a proportion of 1-->2-linkages. 3. A survey of the other polysaccharides of mustard seed, both in the embryos and in the seed coats, suggests a predominance of pectic-type polysaccharides.
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Muralikrishna G, Salimath PV, Tharanathan RN. Structural features of an arabinoxylan and a rhamno-galacturonan derived from linseed mucilage. Carbohydr Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mieth G, Schwenke KD, Raab B, Bruckner J. Rapeseed: Constituents and protein products Part I. Composition and properties of proteins and glucosinolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/food.19830270713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Painter TJ, Andreas Sørensen N. The cation-exchanger of sphagnum mosses: an unusual form of holocellulose. Carbohydr Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
A method for fractionation of water-soluble polysaccharide mixtures has been examined, and by its use three of the four materials studied have been separated into two or more polysaccharide components. No fractionation of the fourth material could be detected.
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A Discussion of Methods of Value in Research on Plant Polyuronides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1945. [DOI: 10.1016/s0096-5332(08)60414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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