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Xiang R, McNally J, Bond J, Tucker D, Cameron M, Donaldson AJ, Austin KL, Rowe S, Jonker A, Pinares-Patino CS, McEwan JC, Vercoe PE, Oddy VH, Dalrymple BP. Across-Experiment Transcriptomics of Sheep Rumen Identifies Expression of Lipid/Oxo-Acid Metabolism and Muscle Cell Junction Genes Associated With Variation in Methane-Related Phenotypes. Front Genet 2018; 9:330. [PMID: 30177952 PMCID: PMC6109778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are significant contributors to the livestock generated component of the greenhouse gas, methane (CH4). The CH4 is primarily produced by the rumen microbes. Although the composition of the diet and animal intake amount have the largest effect on CH4 production and yield (CH4 production/dry matter intake, DMI), the host also influences CH4 yield. Shorter rumen feed mean retention time (MRT) is associated with higher dry matter intake and lower CH4 yield, but the molecular mechanism(s) by which the host affects CH4 production remain unclear. We integrated rumen wall transcriptome data and CH4 phenotypes from two independent experiments conducted with sheep in Australia (AUS, n = 62) and New Zealand (NZ, n = 24). The inclusion of the AUS data validated the previously identified clusters and gene sets representing rumen epithelial, metabolic and muscular functions. In addition, the expression of the cell cycle genes as a group was consistently positively correlated with acetate and butyrate concentrations (p < 0.05, based on AUS and NZ data together). The expression of a group of metabolic genes showed positive correlations in both AUS and NZ datasets with CH4 production (p < 0.05) and yield (p < 0.01). These genes encode key enzymes in the ketone body synthesis pathway and included members of the poorly characterized aldo-keto reductase 1C (AKR1C) family. Several AKR1C family genes appear to have ruminant specific evolution patterns, supporting their specialized roles in the ruminants. Combining differential gene expression in the rumen wall muscle of the shortest and longest MRT AUS animals (no data available for the NZ animals) with correlation and network analysis, we identified a set of rumen muscle genes involved in cell junctions as potential regulators of MRT, presumably by influencing contraction rates of the smooth muscle component of the rumen wall. Higher rumen expression of these genes, including SYNPO (synaptopodin, p < 0.01) and NEXN (nexilin, p < 0.05), was associated with lower CH4 yield in both AUS and NZ datasets. Unlike the metabolic genes, the variations in the expression of which may reflect the availability of rumen metabolites, the muscle genes are currently our best candidates for causal genes that influence CH4 yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Xiang
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jody McNally
- F. D. McMaster Laboratory, CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Jude Bond
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Extensive Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - David Tucker
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Extensive Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret Cameron
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Extensive Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair J Donaldson
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Extensive Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Katie L Austin
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Extensive Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanne Rowe
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - Arjan Jonker
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cesar S Pinares-Patino
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,New Zealand-Peru Dairy Support Project, MINAGRI, Lima, Peru
| | - John C McEwan
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - Phil E Vercoe
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - V H Oddy
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Extensive Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian P Dalrymple
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Thompson GE, Bassett JM, Bell AW. The effects of feeding and acute cold exposure on the visceral release of volatile fatty acids, estimated hepatic uptake of propionate and release of glucose, and plasma insulin concentration in sheep. Br J Nutr 1978; 39:219-26. [PMID: 619974 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19780028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Five sheep were given a meal while they were in a neutral environmental temperature (15–20°) and while acutely exposed to a moderately cold (1°, wind speed 2 m/s) environment.2. Before and at various times after feeding measurements were made of hepatic portal blood flow and the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and glucose in arterial, hepatic portal and hepatic venous blood plasma. From these measurements the net rate of release of VFA from the viscera was calculated, and the uptake of propionate and output of glucose by the liver was estimated, assuming hepatic arterial blood flow to be 20% of portal flow. The concentration of insulin in arterial and portal venous plasma was also measured.3. The change in environmental temperature did not affect the time taken by the animals to eat the meal completely.4. After feeding, in the neutral environment, there were significant increases in portal blood flow and release of VFA into the portal bloodstream. The uptake of propionate by the liver increased, significantly, and output of glucose also increased, but not significantly. Plasma insulin concentration also increased after feeding.5. During cold exposure portal blood flow was consistently higher, before and after feeding, than it was in the neutral environment. The release of VFA into the portal blood was also consistently greater during cold exposure, especially the release of propionate after feeding. Associated with this was an extra uptake of propionate and output of glucose by the liver. Plasma insulin concentration was slightly higher in the cold environment than the neutral environment before the animals were fed, but this difference was not apparent at any other time.
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