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Takei C, Ohno Y, Seki T, Miki R, Seki T, Egawa Y. Sugar-Responsive Layer-by-Layer Film Composed of Phenylboronic Acid-Appended Insulin and Poly(vinyl alcohol). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:368-374. [PMID: 29607902 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that reversible chemical bond formation between phenylboronic acid (PBA) and 1,3-diol can be utilized as the driving force for the preparation of layer-by-layer (LbL) films. The LbL films composed of a PBA-appended polymer and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) disintegrated in the presence of sugar. This type of LbL films has been recognized as a promising approach for sugar-responsive drug release systems, but an issue preventing the practical application of LbL films is combining them with insulin. In this report, we have proposed a solution for this issue by using PBA-appended insulin as a component of the LbL film. We prepared two kinds of PBA-appended insulin derivatives and confirmed that they retained their hypoglycemic activity. The LbL films composed of PBA-appended insulin and PVA were successfully prepared through reversible chemical bond formation between the boronic acid moiety and the 1,3-diol of PVA. The LbL film disintegrated upon treatment with sugars. Based on the results presented herein, we discuss the suitability of the PBA moiety with respect to hypoglycemic activity, binding ability, and selectivity for D-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Takei
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Yui Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Ryotaro Miki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Toshinobu Seki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Yuya Egawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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McGinn B, Morrison J. Investigations into the absorption of insulin and insulin derivatives from the small intestine of the anaesthetised rat. J Control Release 2016; 232:120-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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3
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Structural interpretation of reduced insulin activity as seen in the crystal structure of human Arg-insulin. Biochimie 2007; 90:467-73. [PMID: 18029081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal glycine of the A-chain in insulin is reported to be one of the residues that binds to the insulin receptor. Modifications near this region lead to variations in the biological activity of insulin. One such modification viz., an addition of an arginine at the N-terminal A-chain, was reported to possess two-thirds the activity of native insulin. The crystal structure of 2 zinc human arg (A0) insulin has been elucidated to 2A resolution to understand the mechanism of reduction in insulin activity. A conformational transition from T6 to T3R3(f) and a decrease in the surface accessibility of residues in the so called receptor binding region have been observed. The presence of arginine has also induced distortions in the A chain N-terminal helix. The subtle conformational alterations like decrease in surface accessibility, alterations in the charge surface and changes in the relative orientation of the two helices in the A chain may be responsible for the reduction in activity.
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Asada H, Douen T, Waki M, Adachi S, Fujita T, Yamamoto A, Muranishi S. Absorption characteristics of chemically modified-insulin derivatives with various fatty acids in the small and large intestine. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84:682-7. [PMID: 7562404 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600840604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Absorption characteristics of insulin derivatives chemically modified with various fatty acids in the intestine were determined by in situ loop and in vitro modified Ussing chamber methods. The pharmacological activities of these acyl derivatives, as assessed by their hypoglycemic effects after intravenous administration, were reduced upon increasing the carbon number of the fatty acid(s) chemically attached to native insulin. However, high pharmacological activities were seen when mono-and dicaproyl derivatives were administered intravenously. The absorption of insulin after its small intestinal administration could be hardly improved by acylation. In contrast, its absorption after the large intestinal administration was increased by increasing the number of caproic acid molecules attached to insulin. Furthermore, by an in vitro modified Ussing chamber method, it was revealed that the permeability of insulin across both the duodenal and colonic mucous membranes was also improved by increasing the number of caproic acid molecules. These in situ and in vitro results indicated that the chemical modification of insulin with fatty acids was a useful approach for improving insulin absorption from the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Asada H, Douen T, Mizokoshi Y, Fujita T, Murakami M, Yamamoto A, Muranishi S. Stability of acyl derivatives of insulin in the small intestine: relative importance of insulin association characteristics in aqueous solution. Pharm Res 1994; 11:1115-20. [PMID: 7971711 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018928613837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The stability of insulin and its acyl derivatives in the small intestine was examined in vitro. When these compounds were incubated in small intestinal fluid at 37 degrees C, proteolysis of monoacyl insulins was reduced by increasing the carbon number of the fatty acid attached to Phe-B1 of the insulin molecule. In contrast, Phe-B1 and Lys-B29 diacylated insulins were more susceptible to hydrolysis than native insulin. Similar results were obtained using homogenates of the small intestinal mucosa, although the extent of the contribution of acylation to insulin degradation differed. The mechanism of the accelerated insulin proteolysis by diacylation was studied by circular dichroism (CD). The negative maxima at 270 nm in the CD spectra were attenuated for the diacyl derivatives, indicating that insulin association was inhibited by diacylation. Therefore, the increased proportion of monomers available for insulin proteolysis represents a main factor that makes diacyl derivatives unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Hashimoto M, Takada K, Kiso Y, Muranishi S. Synthesis of palmitoyl derivatives of insulin and their biological activities. Pharm Res 1989; 6:171-6. [PMID: 2668914 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015992828666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the lipophilicity of peptides, bovine insulin was chosen for the chemical modification using palmitic acid. The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of palmitic acid was used for attachment to terminal amino groups, and p-methoxybenzoxycarbonyl azide was used for protection of the glycine-A1 amino terminus. We obtained two purified derivatives of insulin, B1-monopalmitoyl- and B1,B29-dipalmitoyl-insulin, which were confirmed to be more lipophilic than the parent insulin on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hypoglycemic effects of both products were measured in rats after intravenous and intramuscular injections. The mono derivative was more active than the di derivative and produced a longer effect duration than the native insulin after intravenous injection. The derivatives were also shown to be less immunoreactive as judged by an enzyme immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashimoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Myhre DV, McCracken MS, Keough T, Hill JC, Macfarlane RD. Synthesis and characterization of carbohydrate-insulin conjugates using desorption ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200170207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Takahashi S, Yamamura T, Kamo M, Satake K. REGENERATION OF AMINO COMPOUNDS FROM THE 2,4,6-TRINITROPHENYL DERIVATIVES BY TREATMENT WITH HYDRAZINE. CHEM LETT 1984. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1984.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Bagree A, Sharma IK, Gupta KC, Narang CK, Saund AK, Mathur NK. Modification of epsilon-amino group of lysine in proteins by acylation with pyromellitic dianhydride and o-sulphobenzoic anhydride. FEBS Lett 1980; 120:275-7. [PMID: 6777199 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Dron DI, Jones RH, Sönksen PH, Thomas JH, Brandenburg D. Radioimmunoassay of chemically modified insulins. Diabetologia 1980; 18:59-63. [PMID: 6988266 DOI: 10.1007/bf01228304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reactions between four insulin antisera and eighteen insulin derivatives with modifications at the A1, B1 and B29 positions have been studied using a standard double-antibody radioimmunoassay procedure. The derivatives studied had: a) single modifications at A1, B1 or B29,; b) modifications at two sites with or without a crosslink between them; c) modifications at all three sites with or without a crosslink. Analysis of the results showed a clear difference in the reactivity of the antisera. One antiserum (GP5) was highly sensitive to modifications of the B1 residue and another (Ab1) was sensitive to A1 and B29 modifications. Thus, immunological potencies of insulin analogues derived on the basis of these reactions with the antisera give widely varying results. These antisera were used in discriminatory radioimmunoassays of chemically modified insulins in biological fluids for estimation of in vivo hypoglycaemic potencies by an infusion technique, where the knowledge of the specificity of the antisera was useful in assessing the immunological identity of immunoreactive material in plasma with the analogue infused.
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11
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Weisgraber K, Innerarity T, Mahley R. Role of lysine residues of plasma lipoproteins in high affinity binding to cell surface receptors on human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Deyev SM, Afanasenko GA, Polyanovsky OL. Two-step modification of aspartate aminotransferase with 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Cross-link localization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 534:358-67. [PMID: 667110 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(78)90019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At pH 7, the apoenzyme of carboxymethylated and acylated aspartate aminotransferase reacts selectively with 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene to form a single intramolecular covalent bond with the epsilon-amino group of the functional lysine residue located within the active centre. On shifting the pH to 9, the second fluorine atom of the bifunctional reagent is substituted with the sterically adjacent side groups of cysteine and tyrosine residues. The modified apoenzyme was subjected to partial proteolysis with pronase, and the digest was used to obtain and isolate the labeled products and to localize amino acid residues involved in the reaction. The established structures of several peptides containing Cys-2,4-dinitrobenzene-Lys and Tyr-2,4-dinitrobenzene-Lys allowed the identification of the amino acid residues involved in the reaction with the bifunctional reagent as Lys 258, Cys 390 and probably Tyr-70. The residues of Cys and Tyr are thus located at a distance of approximately 5 A (the length of the dinitrophenylene bridge) from the lysine residue forming an aldimine bond with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the active site.
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Kaplan SA, Morris JW, Davidson MB, Gerschenson LE, Scott M. Triacetylated insulin: biologic activity and resistance to degradation. Metabolism 1976; 25:1209-16. [PMID: 10504 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(76)80004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tritiated N-hydroxysuccinimide acetate was prepared with specific activities up to 5 Ci/mmole and utilized to prepare tritiated triacetyl insulin. Binding of triacetyl insulin to liver plasma membranes was measured by its capacity to displace 125I-monoiodoinsulin. At low concentrations, less than 10 ng/ml triacetyl insulin appears to be as effective as native insulin in reducing the binding of 125I-monoiodoinsulin to plasma membranes. At concentrations of 20 ng/ml and higher, triacetyl insulin is significantly less effective than native insulin in displacing binding of 125I-monoiodoinsulin to plasma membranes. The properties of triacetyl insulin in this system are not ascribable to deacetylation and conversion of the substituted product to native insulin. Biologic activity of triacetylated insulin was studied in two other in vitro systmes. A comparison was made of the capacity of native beef insulin and its triacetyl derivative to stimulate glucose oxidation by epididymal fat pads. At all three concentrations tested (2, 6, and 18 ng/ml), triacetyl insulin exerted considerable activity, although its potency was significantly less than that of native insulin. Similar effects were observed when biologic activity was measured by induction of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase in a cultured liver cell system where significant activity of triacetyl insulin was found at concentrations of 10(-9)-10(-7) M. In all systems tested, the activity of triacetylated insulin could not be accounted for by deacetylation and conversion to native insulin. In all systems studied, triacetyl insulin was more resistant to degradation than was monoiodoinsulin.
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Pullen RA, Jenkins JA, Tickle IJ, Wood SP, Blundell TL. The relation of polypeptide hormone structure and flexibility to receptor binding: the relevance of X-ray studies on insulins, glucagon and human placental lactogen. Mol Cell Biochem 1975; 8:5-20. [PMID: 170505 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thr relevance of the crystal structure of the polypeptide hormones, insulin, glucagon and human placental lactogen to conformation and flexibility in solution and to receptor binding is considered. X-ray studies for crystal forms of glucagon, human placental lactogen and three insulin derivatives (A1 acetyl insulin, A1-t-butoxy carbonyl insulin and A1 2,2-dimethyl-3-formyl-L-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl insulin) are reported. Neither glucagon nor human placental lactogen are as ordered as insulin in the crystal form. Glucagon crystals undergo distinct transformations on changing the pH of the mother liquor from pH 9.5 to pH 6, indicating that the glucagon molecule is flexible in the crystal, as it is in solution. On the other hand all insulin analogues have a similar three dimensional structure to that of native insulin. Three dimensional difference Fourier studies of two insulin derivatives at 3 A resolution indicate the position of the modifying groups and define the small conformational changes which have occurred. The in vitro biological activity and receptor binding decrease with the increasing size of the group added to A1. The correlation of the structure analysis with the biological data strongly implicate a region close to A1 in receptor binding. Insulin appears to bind to the receptor in a specific conformation similar to that observed in the crystal structure and in solution; amino acid residues which are separated in the primary structure but brought into close juxtaposition in the tertiary structure are important for full potency.
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15
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Paselk RA, Levy D. Preparation of several trifluoroacetyl insulin derivatives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 359:215-21. [PMID: 4859448 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(74)90216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Abstract
The acetylation of the free amino groups of insulin was studied by reaction of the hormone with N-hydroxysuccinimide acetate at pH6.9 and 8.5. The products formed were separated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and were characterized by isoelectric focusing, by end-group analysis, by the incorporation of [(3)H]acetyl groups in the molecule, and by treatment with trypsin that had been treated with 1-chloro-4-phenyl-3-toluene-p-sulphonamidobutan-2-one (;tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone'). Three monosubstituted products, two disubstituted products and one trisubstituted derivative were prepared. The alpha-amino groups of the terminal residues and the in-amino group of the lysine-B29 were the sites of reaction. Acetylation of any of the free amino groups did not affect the biological activity of insulin. It was demonstrated, however, that substitution at the glycine-A1 amino group by the larger residues, acetoacetyl or thiazolidinecarbonyl, produced a decrease in biological activity. Modification of the lysine-B29 or phenylalanine-B1 amino groups with these larger reagents did not affect the biological activity. Modification of the phenylalanine-B1 amino group by any of the three substituents resulted in a large decrease in the affinity of insulin for anti-insulin antibodies raised in the guinea pig. Modification of the other two amino groups did not affect the reaction with antibody. These observations are correlated with the tertiary structure of insulin.
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Lindsay DG, Shall S. Monosubstituted 2,2-dimethyl-3-formyl-L-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl-insulins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 15:547-54. [PMID: 5455666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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