1
|
Bougaran P, Bautch VL. Life at the crossroads: the nuclear LINC complex and vascular mechanotransduction. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1411995. [PMID: 38831796 PMCID: PMC11144885 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1411995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of all blood vessels, where they are exposed to polarized mechanical forces throughout their lifespan. Both basal substrate interactions and apical blood flow-induced shear stress regulate blood vessel development, remodeling, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions leads to dysfunction and vascular pathologies, although how forces are sensed and integrated to affect endothelial cell behaviors is incompletely understood. Recently the endothelial cell nucleus has emerged as a prominent force-transducing organelle that participates in vascular mechanotransduction, via communication to and from cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. The LINC complex, composed of SUN and nesprin proteins, spans the nuclear membranes and connects the nuclear lamina, the nuclear envelope, and the cytoskeleton. Here we review LINC complex involvement in endothelial cell mechanotransduction, describe unique and overlapping functions of each LINC complex component, and consider emerging evidence that two major SUN proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, orchestrate a complex interplay that extends outward to cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions and inward to interactions within the nucleus and chromatin. We discuss these findings in relation to vascular pathologies such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a premature aging disorder with cardiovascular impairment. More knowledge of LINC complex regulation and function will help to understand how the nucleus participates in endothelial cell force sensing and how dysfunction leads to cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Zhang J, Lv M, Cui N, Shan B, Sun Q, Yan L, Zhang M, Zou C, Yuan J, Xu D. Defective prelamin A processing promotes unconventional necroptosis driven by nuclear RIPK1. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:567-580. [PMID: 38538837 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Defects in the prelamin A processing enzyme caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ZMPSTE24 gene are responsible for a spectrum of progeroid disorders characterized by the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A. Here we report that defective prelamin A processing triggers nuclear RIPK1-dependent signalling that leads to necroptosis and inflammation. We show that accumulated prelamin A recruits RIPK1 to the nucleus to facilitate its activation upon tumour necrosis factor stimulation in ZMPSTE24-deficient cells. Kinase-activated RIPK1 then promotes RIPK3-mediated MLKL activation in the nucleus, leading to nuclear envelope disruption and necroptosis. This signalling relies on prelamin A farnesylation, which anchors prelamin A to nuclear envelope to serve as a nucleation platform for necroptosis. Genetic inactivation of necroptosis ameliorates the progeroid phenotypes in Zmpste24-/- mice. Our findings identify an unconventional nuclear necroptosis pathway resulting from ZMPSTE24 deficiency with pathogenic consequences in progeroid disorder and suggest RIPK1 as a feasible target for prelamin A-associated progeroid disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Cui
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Yan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Zou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Primmer SR, Liao CY, Kummert OMP, Kennedy BK. Lamin A to Z in normal aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8150-8166. [PMID: 36260869 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Almost since the discovery that mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear structure components lamin A and C, lead to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, people have speculated that lamins may have a role in normal aging. The most common HPGS mutation creates a splice variant of lamin A, progerin, which promotes accelerated aging pathology. While some evidence exists that progerin accumulates with normal aging, an increasing body of work indicates that prelamin A, a precursor of lamin A prior to C-terminal proteolytic processing, accumulates with age and may be a driver of normal aging. Prelamin A shares properties with progerin and is also linked to a rare progeroid disease, restrictive dermopathy. Here, we describe mechanisms underlying changes in prelamin A with aging and lay out the case that this unprocessed protein impacts normative aging. This is important since intervention strategies can be developed to modify this pathway as a means to extend healthspan and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Impact of MnTBAP and Baricitinib Treatment on Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Fibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080945. [PMID: 36015093 PMCID: PMC9415676 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disease. It is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene, which results in a 50-amino-acid truncation of prelamin A. The resultant truncated prelamin A (progerin) lacks the cleavage site for the zinc-metallopeptidase ZMPSTE24. Progerin is permanently farnesylated, carboxymethylated, and strongly anchored to the nuclear envelope. This leads to abnormalities, such as altered nuclear shape, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. HGPS patients display symptoms of physiological aging, including atherosclerosis, alopecia, lipodystrophy, and arthritis. Currently, no cure for HGPS exists. Here we focus on a drug combination consisting of the superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP and JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib (Bar) to restore phenotypic alterations in HGPS fibroblasts. Treating HGPS fibroblasts with the MnTBAP/Bar combination improved mitochondrial functions and sustained Bar’s positive effects on reducing progerin and pro-inflammatory factor levels. Collectively, MnTBAP/Bar combination treatment ameliorates the aberrant phenotype of HGPS fibroblasts and is a potential treatment strategy for patients with HGPS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Perepelina K, Zaytseva A, Khudiakov A, Neganova I, Vasichkina E, Malashicheva A, Kostareva A. LMNA mutation leads to cardiac sodium channel dysfunction in the Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy patient. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:932956. [PMID: 35935653 PMCID: PMC9355377 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.932956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the LMNA gene are known to cause laminopathies, a broad range of disorders with different clinical phenotypes. LMNA genetic variants lead to tissue-specific pathologies affecting various tissues and organs. Common manifestations of laminopathies include cardiovascular system abnormalities, in particular, cardiomyopathies and conduction disorders. In the present study, we used induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient carrying LMNA p.R249Q genetic variant to create an in vitro cardiac model of laminopathy. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with LMNA p.R249Q genetic variant showed a decreased sodium current density and an impaired sodium current kinetics alongside with changes in transcription levels of cardiac-specific genes. Thus, we obtained compelling in vitro evidence of an association between LMNA p.R249Q genetic variant and cardiac-related abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Perepelina
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Zaytseva
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptics Processes, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Khudiakov
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Neganova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Vasichkina
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng M, Jin G, Zhou Z. Post-Translational Modification of Lamins: Mechanisms and Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864191. [PMID: 35656549 PMCID: PMC9152177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are the ancient type V intermediate filament proteins contributing to diverse biological functions, such as the maintenance of nuclear morphology, stabilization of chromatin architecture, regulation of cell cycle progression, regulation of spatial-temporal gene expressions, and transduction of mechano-signaling. Deregulation of lamins is associated with abnormal nuclear morphology and chromatin disorganization, leading to a variety of diseases such as laminopathy and premature aging, and might also play a role in cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that lamins are functionally regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) including farnesylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and O-GlcNAcylation that affect protein stabilization and the association with chromatin or associated proteins. The mechanisms by which these PTMs are modified and the relevant functionality become increasingly appreciated as understanding of these changes provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the laminopathies concerned and novel strategies for the management. In this review, we discussed a range of lamin PTMs and their roles in both physiological and pathological processes, as well as potential therapeutic strategies by targeting lamin PTMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malashicheva A, Perepelina K. Diversity of Nuclear Lamin A/C Action as a Key to Tissue-Specific Regulation of Cellular Identity in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761469. [PMID: 34722546 PMCID: PMC8548693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A-type lamins are the main structural components of the nucleus, which are mainly localized at the nucleus periphery. First of all, A-type lamins, together with B-type lamins and proteins of the inner nuclear membrane, form a stiff structure-the nuclear lamina. Besides maintaining the nucleus cell shape, A-type lamins play a critical role in many cellular events, such as gene transcription and epigenetic regulation. Nowadays it is clear that lamins play a very important role in determining cell fate decisions. Various mutations in genes encoding A-type lamins lead to damages of different types of tissues in humans, collectively known as laminopathies, and it is clear that A-type lamins are involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and stemness. However, the mechanisms of this regulation remain unclear. In this review, we discuss how A-type lamins can execute their regulatory role in determining the differentiation status of a cell. We have summarized recent data focused on lamin A/C action mechanisms in regulation of cell differentiation and identity development of stem cells of different origin. We also discuss how this knowledge can promote further research toward a deeper understanding of the role of lamin A/C mutations in laminopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malashicheva
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya Perepelina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai J, Qi H, Yao K, Yao Y, Jing D, Liao W, Zhao Z. Non-Coding RNAs Steering the Senescence-Related Progress, Properties, and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650431. [PMID: 33816501 PMCID: PMC8017203 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thirst to postpone and even reverse aging progress has never been quenched after all these decades. Unequivocally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with extraordinary abilities such as self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, deserve the limelight in this topic. Though having several affable clinical traits, MSCs going through senescence would, on one hand, contribute to age-related diseases and, on the other hand, lead to compromised or even counterproductive therapeutical outcomes. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could invigorate various regulatory processes. With even a slight dip or an uptick of expression, ncRNAs would make a dent in or even overturn cellular fate. Thereby, a systematic illustration of ncRNAs identified so far to steer MSCs during senescence is axiomatically an urgent need. In this review, we introduce the general properties and mechanisms of senescence and its relationship with MSCs and illustrate the ncRNAs playing a role in the cellular senescence of MSCs. It is then followed by the elucidation of ncRNAs embodied in extracellular vesicles connecting senescent MSCs with other cells and diversified processes in and beyond the skeletal system. Last, we provide a glimpse into the clinical methodologies of ncRNA-based therapies in MSC-related fields. Hopefully, the intricate relationship between senescence and MSCs will be revealed one day and our work could be a crucial stepping-stone toward that future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hexu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Nuclear lamins form an elastic meshwork underlying the inner nuclear membrane and provide mechanical rigidity to the nucleus and maintain shape. Lamins also maintain chromosome positioning and play important roles in several nuclear processes like replication, DNA damage repair, transcription, and epigenetic modifications. LMNA mutations affect cardiac tissue, muscle tissues, adipose tissues to precipitate several diseases collectively termed as laminopathies. However, the rationale behind LMNA mutations and laminopathies continues to elude scientists. During interphase, several chromosomes form inter/intrachromosomal contacts inside nucleoplasm and several chromosomal loops also stretch out to make a ‘loop-cluster’ which are key players to regulate gene expressions. In this perspective, we have proposed that the lamin network in tandem with nuclear actin and myosin provide mechanical rigidity to the chromosomal contacts and facilitate loop-clusters movements. LMNA mutations thus might perturb the landscape of chromosomal contacts or loop-clusters positioning which can impair gene expression profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bera
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Kolkata, India.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine , Connecticut, New Haven, USA
| | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cakouros D, Gronthos S. The changing epigenetic landscape of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells during aging. Bone 2020; 137:115440. [PMID: 32445894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence in the literature that mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) like populations derived from different tissues, undergo epigenetic changes during aging, leading to compromised connective tissue integrity and function. This body of work has linked the biological aging of MSC to changes in their epigenetic signatures affecting growth, lifespan, self-renewal and multi-potential, due to deregulation of processes such as cellular senescence, oxidative stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening and DNA damage. This review addresses recent findings examining DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA changes in aging MSC populations. Moreover, we explore how epigenetic factors alter cellular pathways and associated biological networks, contributing to the MSC aging phenotype. Finally we discuss the crucial areas requiring a greater understanding of these processes, in order to piece together a global picture of the changing epigenetic landscape in MSC during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiong L, Zhao K, Cao Y, Guo HH, Pan JX, Yang X, Ren X, Mei L, Xiong WC. Linking skeletal muscle aging with osteoporosis by lamin A/C deficiency. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000731. [PMID: 32479501 PMCID: PMC7310860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina protein lamin A/C is a key component of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) are identified in patients with various types of laminopathy-containing diseases, which have features of accelerated aging and osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanisms for laminopathy-associated osteoporosis remain largely unclear. Here, we provide evidence that loss of lamin A/C in skeletal muscles, but not osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells, results in not only muscle aging-like deficit but also trabecular bone loss, a feature of osteoporosis. The latter is due in large part to elevated bone resorption. Further cellular studies show an increase of osteoclast (OC) differentiation in cocultures of bone marrow macrophages/monocytes (BMMs) and OBs after treatment with the conditioned medium (CM) from lamin A/C-deficient muscle cells. Antibody array screening analysis of the CM proteins identifies interleukin (IL)-6, whose expression is markedly increased in lamin A/C-deficient muscles. Inhibition of IL-6 by its blocking antibody in BMM-OB cocultures diminishes the increase of osteoclastogenesis. Knockout (KO) of IL-6 in muscle lamin A/C-KO mice diminishes the deficits in trabecular bone mass but not muscle. Further mechanistic studies reveal an elevation of cellular senescence marked by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), p16Ink4a, and p53 in lamin A/C-deficient muscles and C2C12 muscle cells, and the p16Ink4a may induce senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and IL-6 expression. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for skeletal muscle lamin A/C to prevent cellular senescence, IL-6 expression, hyperosteoclastogenesis, and trabecular bone loss, uncovering a pathological mechanism underlying the link between muscle aging/senescence and osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hao-Han Guo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lamin A/C Mechanotransduction in Laminopathies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051306. [PMID: 32456328 PMCID: PMC7291067 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction translates forces into biological responses and regulates cell functionalities. It is implicated in several diseases, including laminopathies which are pathologies associated with mutations in lamins and lamin-associated proteins. These pathologies affect muscle, adipose, bone, nerve, and skin cells and range from muscular dystrophies to accelerated aging. Although the exact mechanisms governing laminopathies and gene expression are still not clear, a strong correlation has been found between cell functionality and nuclear behavior. New theories base on the direct effect of external force on the genome, which is indeed sensitive to the force transduced by the nuclear lamina. Nuclear lamina performs two essential functions in mechanotransduction pathway modulating the nuclear stiffness and governing the chromatin remodeling. Indeed, A-type lamin mutation and deregulation has been found to affect the nuclear response, altering several downstream cellular processes such as mitosis, chromatin organization, DNA replication-transcription, and nuclear structural integrity. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the molecular composition and architecture of the nuclear lamina, its role in healthy cells and disease regulation. We focus on A-type lamins since this protein family is the most involved in mechanotransduction and laminopathies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamczyk MR, Andrés V. Vascular smooth muscle cell loss underpins the accelerated atherosclerosis in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nucleus 2020; 10:28-34. [PMID: 30900948 PMCID: PMC6527384 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2019.1589359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A, a product of the LMNA gene, is an essential nuclear envelope component in most differentiated cells. Mutations in LMNA have been linked to premature aging disorders, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). HGPS is caused by progerin, an aberrant form of lamin A that leads to premature death, typically from the complications of atherosclerotic disease. A key characteristic of HGPS is a severe loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the arteries. Various mouse models of HGPS have been created, but few of them feature VSMC depletion and none develops atherosclerosis, the death-causing symptom of the disease in humans. We recently generated a mouse model that recapitulates most features of HGPS, including VSMC loss and accelerated atherosclerosis. Furthermore, by generating cell-type–specific HGPS mouse models, we have demonstrated a central role of VSMC loss in progerin-induced atherosclerosis and premature death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Vascular Pathophysiology Area , Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) , Madrid , Spain.,b CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Spain.,c Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Vascular Pathophysiology Area , Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) , Madrid , Spain.,b CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Progerin Expression Induces Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Senescence in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051201. [PMID: 32408587 PMCID: PMC7290406 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder notably characterized by precocious and deadly atherosclerosis. Almost 90% of HGPS patients carry a LMNA p.G608G splice variant that leads to the expression of a permanently farnesylated abnormal form of prelamin-A, referred to as progerin. Endothelial dysfunction is a key determinant of atherosclerosis, notably during aging. Previous studies have shown that progerin accumulates in HGPS patients’ endothelial cells but also during vascular physiological aging. However, whether progerin expression in human endothelial cells can recapitulate features of endothelial dysfunction is currently unknown. Herein, we evaluated the direct impact of exogenously expressed progerin and wild-type lamin-A on human endothelial cell function and senescence. Our data demonstrate that progerin, but not wild-type lamin-A, overexpression induces endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress together with persistent DNA damage, increased cell cycle arrest protein expression and cellular senescence. Inhibition of progerin prenylation using a pravastatin–zoledronate combination partly prevents these defects. Our data suggest a direct proatherogenic role of progerin in human endothelial cells, which could contribute to HGPS-associated early atherosclerosis and also potentially be involved in physiological endothelial aging participating to age-related cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Goblirsch BR, Wiener MC. Ste24: An Integral Membrane Protein Zinc Metalloprotease with Provocative Structure and Emergent Biology. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5079-5090. [PMID: 32199981 PMCID: PMC7172729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ste24, an integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease, is found in every kingdom of eukaryotes. It was discovered approximately 20 years ago by yeast genetic screens identifying it as a factor responsible for processing the yeast mating a-factor pheromone. In animals, Ste24 processes prelamin A, a component of the nuclear lamina; mutations in the human ortholog of Ste24 diminish its activity, giving rise to genetic diseases of accelerated aging (progerias). Additionally, lipodystrophy, acquired from the standard highly active antiretroviral therapy used to treat AIDS patients, likely results from off-target interactions of HIV (aspartyl) protease inhibitor drugs with Ste24. Ste24 possesses a novel “α-barrel” structure, consisting of a ring of seven transmembrane α-helices enclosing a large (> 12,000 Å3) interior volume that contains the active-site and substrate-binding region; this “membrane-interior reaction chamber” is unprecedented in integral membrane protein structures. Additionally, the surface of the membrane-interior reaction chamber possesses a strikingly large negative electrostatic surface potential, adding additional “functional mystery.” Recent publications implicate Ste24 as a key factor in several endoplasmic reticulum processes, including the unfolded protein response, a cellular stress response of the endoplasmic reticulum, and removal of misfolded proteins from the translocon. Ste24, with its provocative structure, enigmatic mechanism, and recently emergent new biological roles including “translocon unclogger” and (non-enyzmatic) broad-spectrum viral restriction factor, presents far differently than before 2016, when it was viewed as a “CAAX protease” responsible for cleavage of prenylated (farnesylated or geranylgeranylated) substrates. The emphasis of this review is on Ste24 of the “Post-CAAX-Protease Era.” Ste24 is a eukaryotic integral membrane protein of novel structure. Ste24 is a gluzincin ZMP whose structure/function relationships are poorly explored. ZMP core, ZMP accessory, and “ɑ-barrel modules form the Ste24 tripartite architecture. Emergent biology of Ste24 includes roles as a translocon unclogger and a viral restriction factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Goblirsch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael C Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goblirsch BR, Pryor EE, Wiener MC. The tripartite architecture of the eukaryotic integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease Ste24. Proteins 2019; 88:604-615. [PMID: 31644822 PMCID: PMC7168092 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ste24 enzymes, a family of eukaryotic integral membrane proteins, are zinc metalloproteases (ZMPs) originally characterized as “CAAX proteases” targeting prenylated substrates, including a‐factor mating pheromone in yeast and prelamin A in humans. Recently, Ste24 was shown to also cleave nonprenylated substrates. Reduced activity of the human ortholog, HsSte24, is linked to multiple disease states (laminopathies), including progerias and lipid disorders. Ste24 possesses a unique “α‐barrel” structure consisting of seven transmembrane (TM) α‐helices encircling a large intramembranous cavity (~14 000 Å3). The catalytic zinc, coordinated via a HExxH…E/H motif characteristic of gluzincin ZMPs, is positioned at one of the cavity's bases. The interrelationship between Ste24 as a gluzincin, a long‐studied class of soluble ZMPs, and as a novel cavity‐containing integral membrane protein protease has been minimally explored to date. Informed by homology to well‐characterized soluble, gluzincin ZMPs, we develop a model of Ste24 that provides a conceptual framework for this enzyme family, suitable for development and interpretation of structure/function studies. The model consists of an interfacial, zinc‐containing “ZMP Core” module surrounded by a “ZMP Accessory” module, both capped by a TM helical “α‐barrel” module of as yet unknown function. Multiple sequence alignment of 58 Ste24 orthologs revealed 38 absolutely conserved residues, apportioned unequally among the ZMP Core (18), ZMP Accessory (13), and α‐barrel (7) modules. This Tripartite Architecture representation of Ste24 provides a unified image of this enzyme family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Goblirsch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Edward E Pryor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael C Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, He L, Zong HY, Cai GB. A membrane-associated metalloprotease of Schistosoma japonicum structurally related to the FACE-1/Ste24p protease family. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 233:111220. [PMID: 31542424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The CaaX proteases are closely related in the post-translational modification of many membrane-bound or secreted proteins and play a key role in the activation or stabilization of these molecules belonging to the CAAX family. In this study, a full-length cDNA putatively encoding a FACE-1/Ste24p CaaX protease (type I) of the Schistosoma japonicum was isolated. The cDNA, named SjSte24p, composed of 1646 bp and encoded 473 amino acids with predicted Mr/pI as 54.77 kDa/8.04. SjSte24p is a monoexonic gene constantly expressed in the parasite from cercariae to adult stages. It contained the characteristic of CaaX protease topology, including seven trans-membrane domains and a metallo-protease segment with a zinc-binding motif (HEXXH). SjSte24p shared a considerable degree of sequence identity with the type I CaaX proteases. A phylogenetic analysis showed that this protein family is tightly conserved from fungi to vertebrates. The expressed recombinant SjSte24p protein showed a proteolytic activity, which was inhibited by EDTA. Its activity was increased at low doses of the Zn2+ (0.001-0.01 mM); but was reversibly down-regulated at high doses (>0.1 mM). The native SjSte24p appeared to function in insoluble from. The protein was mainly localized in the tegument on the surface of adult worms. These results indicated that the SjSte24p is a practical zinc-dependent metalloprotease, which belongs to the FACE-1/Ste24p protease family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Wuhan University School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hong-Ying Zong
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guo-Bin Cai
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Östlund C, Chang W, Gundersen GG, Worman HJ. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins and defective nucleocytoplasmic connections. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1333-1344. [PMID: 31299860 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219862243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins and associated nuclear envelope proteins have been linked to a broad range of inherited diseases affecting different tissues and organs. These diseases are often referred to as laminopathies. Scientists have yet to elucidate exactly how pathogenic mutations leading to alteration of a nuclear envelope protein cause disease. Our relatively recent research has shown that pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins lead to defective nucleocytoplasmic connections that disrupt proper functioning of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex in the establishment of cell polarity. These defects may explain, at least in part, pathogenic mechanisms underlying laminopathies.Impact statementMutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins and associated nuclear envelope proteins have been linked to several diseases affecting different tissues and organs. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases, often called laminopathies, remain poorly understood. Increased knowledge of the functions of different nuclear envelope proteins and the interactions between them is crucial to elucidate these disease mechanisms. Our research has shown that pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins lead to defective nucleocytoplasmic connections that disrupt proper functioning of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex in the establishment of cell polarity. These defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of laminopathies and provide novel targets for therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Östlund
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhai W, Yong D, El-Jawhari JJ, Cuthbert R, McGonagle D, Win Naing M, Jones E. Identification of senescent cells in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell cultures: Current methods and future directions. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:803-819. [PMID: 31138507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of their tissue of origin, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are commonly expanded in vitro for several population doublings to achieve a sufficient number of cells for therapy. Prolonged MSC expansion has been shown to result in phenotypical, morphological and gene expression changes in MSCs, which ultimately lead to the state of senescence. The presence of senescent cells in therapeutic MSC batches is undesirable because it reduces their viability, differentiation potential and trophic capabilities. Additionally, senescent cells acquire senescence-activated secretory phenotype, which may not only induce apoptosis in the neighboring host cells following MSC transplantation, but also trigger local inflammatory reactions. This review outlines the current and promising new methodologies for the identification of senescent cells in MSC cultures, with a particular emphasis on non-destructive and label-free methodologies. Technologies allowing identification of individual senescent cells, based on new surface markers, offer potential advantage for targeted senescent cell removal using new-generation senolytic agents, and subsequent production of therapeutic MSC batches fully devoid of senescent cells. Methods or a combination of methods that are non-destructive and label-free, for example, involving cell size and spectroscopic measurements, could be the best way forward because they do not modify the cells of interest, thus maximizing the final output of therapeutic-grade MSC cultures. The further incorporation of machine learning methods has also recently shown promise in facilitating, automating and enhancing the analysis of these measured data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhai
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK; Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Innovis, Singapore
| | - Derrick Yong
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Innovis, Singapore
| | - Jehan Jomaa El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - May Win Naing
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Innovis, Singapore
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Afewerki T, Ahmed S, Warren D. Emerging regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:185-196. [PMID: 31254136 PMCID: PMC6726670 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the blood vessel wall and normally adopt a quiescent, contractile phenotype. VSMC migration is tightly controlled, however, disease associated changes in the soluble and insoluble environment promote VSMC migration. Classically, studies investigating VSMC migration have described the influence of soluble factors. Emerging data has highlighted the importance of insoluble factors, including extracellular matrix stiffness and porosity. In this review, we will recap on the important signalling pathways that regulate VSMC migration and reflect on the potential importance of emerging regulators of VSMC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TecLino Afewerki
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Derek Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tsukune N, Naito M, Ohashi A, Ninomiya T, Sato S, Takahashi T. Forced expression of mouse progerin attenuates the osteoblast differentiation interrupting β-catenin signal pathway in vitro. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:655-664. [PMID: 30284086 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear protein, lamin A, which is a component of inner membrane on nucleoplasm, plays a role in nuclear formation and cell differentiation. The expression of mutated lamin A, termed progerin, causes a rare genetic aging disorder, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, which shows abnormal bone formation with the decrease in a number of osteoblasts and osteocytes. However, exact molecular mechanism how progerin exerts depressive effects on osteogenesis has not been fully understood. Here, we created mouse lamin A dC50 cDNA encoding progerin that lacks 50 amino acid residues at C-terminus, transfected it in mouse preosteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and examined the changes in osteoblast phenotype. When lamin A dC50-expressed cells were cultured with differentiation-inductive medium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA levels of major osteoblast markers, type I collagen (Col1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and Runx2 were significantly decreased, and no mineralized nodules were detected as seen in control cells expressing empty vector. In the culture with mineralization-inductive medium, mRNA levels of BSP, osteocalcin, DMP1, Runx2, and osterix were strongly decreased parallel with loss of mineralization in lamin A dC50-expressed cells, while mineralized nodules appear at 21 days in control cells. Furthermore, lamin A dC50 expression was depressed nuclear localization of β-catenin with the decrease of GSK-3β phosphorylation level. These results suggest that lamin A dC50 depresses osteoblast differentiation in both early and late stages, and it negatively regulates β-catenin activity interacting with GSK-3β in cytoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Tsukune
- Division of Applied Oral Science, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masako Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Matralis AN, Xanthopoulos D, Huot G, Lopes-Paciencia S, Cole C, de Vries H, Ferbeyre G, Tsantrizos YS. Molecular tools that block maturation of the nuclear lamin A and decelerate cancer cell migration. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5547-5554. [PMID: 30309670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lamin A contributes to the structure of nuclei in all mammalian cells and plays an important role in cell division and migration. Mature lamin A is derived from a farnesylated precursor protein, known as prelamin A, which undergoes post-translational cleavage catalyzed by the zinc metalloprotease STE24 (ZPMSTE24). Accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A in the nuclear envelope compromises cell division, impairs mitosis and induces an increased expression of inflammatory gene products. ZMPSTE24 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target in oncology. A library of peptidomimetic compounds were synthesized and screened for their ability to induce accumulation of prelamin A in cancer cells and block cell migration in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. The results of this study suggest that inhibitors of lamin A maturation may interfere with cell migration, the biological process required for cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios N Matralis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Xanthopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Geneviève Huot
- Département de Biochimie et medicine moléculaire, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lopes-Paciencia
- Département de Biochimie et medicine moléculaire, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charles Cole
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Département de Biochimie et medicine moléculaire, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Perovanovic J, Hoffman EP. Mechanisms of allelic and clinical heterogeneity of lamin A/C phenotypes. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:694-704. [PMID: 29750601 PMCID: PMC6335092 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene cause a broad range of clinical syndromes that show tissue-restricted abnormalities of post mitotic tissues, such as muscle, nerve, heart, and adipose tissue. Mutations in other nuclear envelope proteins cause clinically overlapping disorders. The majority of mutations are dominant single amino acid changes (toxic protein produced by the single mutant gene), and patients are heterozygous with both normal and abnormal proteins. Experimental support has been provided for different models of cellular pathogenesis in nuclear envelope diseases, including changes in heterochromatin formation at the nuclear membrane (epigenomics), changes in the timing of steps during terminal differentiation of cells, and structural abnormalities of the nuclear membrane. These models are not mutually exclusive and may be important in different cells at different times of development. Recent experiments using fusion proteins of normal and mutant lamin A/C proteins fused to a bacterial adenine methyltransferase (DamID) provided compelling evidence of mutation-specific perturbation of epigenomic imprinting during terminal differentiation. These gain-of-function properties include lineage-specific ineffective genomic silencing during exit from the cell cycle (heterochromatinization), as well as promiscuous initiation of silencing at incorrect places in the genome. To date, these findings have been limited to a few muscular dystrophy and lipodystrophy LMNA mutations but seem shared with a distinct nuclear envelope disease, emerin-deficient muscular dystrophy. The dominant-negative structural model and gain-of-function epigenomic models for distinct LMNA mutations are not mutually exclusive, and it is likely that both models contribute to aspects of the many complex clinical phenotypes observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Perovanovic
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York , Binghamton New York
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Brady GF, Kwan R, Cunha JB, Elenbaas JS, Omary MB. Lamins and Lamin-Associated Proteins in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1602-1619.e1. [PMID: 29549040 PMCID: PMC6038707 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a multi-protein lattice composed of A- and B-type lamins and their associated proteins. This protein lattice associates with heterochromatin and integral inner nuclear membrane proteins, providing links among the genome, nucleoskeleton, and cytoskeleton. In the 1990s, mutations in EMD and LMNA were linked to Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Since then, the number of diseases attributed to nuclear lamina defects, including laminopathies and other disorders, has increased to include more than 20 distinct genetic syndromes. Studies of patients and mouse genetic models have pointed to important roles for lamins and their associated proteins in the function of gastrointestinal organs, including liver and pancreas. We review the interactions and functions of the lamina in relation to the nuclear envelope and genome, the ways in which its dysfunction is thought to contribute to human disease, and possible avenues for targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham F. Brady
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,To whom correspondence should be addressed: University of Michigan Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622.
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juliana Bragazzi Cunha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jared S. Elenbaas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Ǻbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mandibuloacral dysplasia: A premature ageing disease with aspects of physiological ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:1-13. [PMID: 29208544 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by bone abnormalities including localized osteolysis and generalized osteoporosis, skin pigmentation, lipodystrophic signs and mildly accelerated ageing. The molecular defects associated with MAD are mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 (FACE1) gene, causing type A or type B MAD, respectively. Downstream of LMNA or ZMPSTE24 mutations, the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, is accumulated in cells and affects chromatin dynamics and stress response. A new form of mandibuloacral dysplasia has been recently associated with mutations in POLD1 gene, encoding DNA polymerase delta, a major player in DNA replication. Of note, involvement of prelamin A in chromatin dynamics and recruitment of DNA repair factors has been also determined under physiological conditions, at the border between stress response and cellular senescence. Here, we review current knowledge on MAD clinical and pathogenetic aspects and highlight aspects typical of physiological ageing.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hilton BA, Liu J, Cartwright BM, Liu Y, Breitman M, Wang Y, Jones R, Tang H, Rusinol A, Musich PR, Zou Y. Progerin sequestration of PCNA promotes replication fork collapse and mislocalization of XPA in laminopathy-related progeroid syndromes. FASEB J 2017; 31:3882-3893. [PMID: 28515154 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700014r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene, resulting in production of a truncated farnesylated-prelamin A protein (progerin). We previously reported that XPA mislocalized to the progerin-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites, blocking DSB repair, which led to DSB accumulation, DNA damage responses, and early replication arrest in HGPS. In this study, the XPA mislocalization to DSBs occurred at stalled or collapsed replication forks, concurrent with a significant loss of PCNA at the forks, whereas PCNA efficiently bound to progerin. This PCNA sequestration likely exposed ds-ssDNA junctions at replication forks for XPA binding. Depletion of XPA or progerin each significantly restored PCNA at replication forks. Our results suggest that although PCNA is much more competitive than XPA in binding replication forks, PCNA sequestration by progerin may shift the equilibrium to favor XPA binding. Furthermore, we demonstrated that progerin-induced apoptosis could be rescued by XPA, suggesting that XPA-replication fork binding may prevent apoptosis in HGPS cells. Our results propose a mechanism for progerin-induced genome instability and accelerated replicative senescence in HGPS.-Hilton, B. A., Liu, J., Cartwright, B. M., Liu, Y., Breitman, M., Wang, Y., Jones, R., Tang, H., Rusinol, A., Musich, P. R., Zou, Y. Progerin sequestration of PCNA promotes replication fork collapse and mislocalization of XPA in laminopathy-related progeroid syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Hilton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian M Cartwright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yiyong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maya Breitman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Youjie Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rowdy Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio Rusinol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Li L, Bu H, Bao J. Senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:775-782. [PMID: 28290609 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in cell-based therapy for various diseases, due to their immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects. However, the function of MSCs is known to decline with age, a process that is called senescence. To date, the process of MSC senescence remains unknown as in-depth understanding of the mechanisms involved in cellular senescence is lacking. First, senescent MSCs are so heterogeneous that not all of them express the same phenotypic markers. In addition, the genes and signaling pathways which regulate this process in MSCs are still unknown. Thus, an understanding of the molecular processes controlling MSC senescence is crucial to determining the drivers and effectors of age-associated MSC dysfunction. Moreover, the proper use of MSCs for clinical application requires a general understanding of the MSC aging process. Furthermore, such knowledge is essential for the development of therapeutic interventions that can slow or reverse age-related degenerative changes to enhance repair processes and maintain healthy function in aging tissues. To further clarify the properties of senescent cells, as well as to present significant findings from studies on the mechanisms of cellular aging, we summarize these biological features in the senescence of MSCs in this scenario. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the markers and differentiation potential indicating MSC senescence, as well as factors affecting MSC senescence with particular emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress, intrinsic changes in telomere shortening, histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase, genes and signaling pathways and immunological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ji Bao
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Porter LJ, Holt MR, Soong D, Shanahan CM, Warren DT. Prelamin A Accumulation Attenuates Rac1 Activity and Increases the Intrinsic Migrational Persistence of Aged Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2016; 5:E41. [PMID: 27854297 PMCID: PMC5187525 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) motility is essential during both physiological and pathological vessel remodeling. Although ageing has emerged as a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, our understanding of the impact of ageing on VSMC motility remains limited. Prelamin A accumulation is known to drive VSMC ageing and we show that presenescent VSMCs, that have accumulated prelamin A, display increased focal adhesion dynamics, augmented migrational velocity/persistence and attenuated Rac1 activity. Importantly, prelamin A accumulation in proliferative VSMCs, induced by depletion of the prelamin A processing enzyme FACE1, recapitulated the focal adhesion, migrational persistence and Rac1 phenotypes observed in presenescent VSMCs. Moreover, lamin A/C-depleted VSMCs also display reduced Rac1 activity, suggesting that prelamin A influences Rac1 activity by interfering with lamin A/C function at the nuclear envelope. Taken together, these data demonstrate that lamin A/C maintains Rac1 activity in VSMCs and prelamin A disrupts lamin A/C function to reduce Rac1 activity and induce migrational persistence during VSMC ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Porter
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Mark R Holt
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Daniel Soong
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Derek T Warren
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee JH, Yoo NJ, Kim MS, An CH, Lee SH. Mutational and expressional alterations of ZMPSTE24, DNA damage response-related gene, in gastric and colorectal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1113-1118. [PMID: 27729169 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of ZMPSTE24 is related to progeroid phenotypes in human. Cells in zmpste24-deficient mice show delayed DNA damage response, increased aneuploidy and increased genomic instability, which are considered features of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to address whether ZMPSTE24 gene was mutated in colorectal cancers (CRCs) and gastric (GCs), and its expression was altered. ZMPSTE24 possesses a T9 mononucleotide repeat in an exon, which could be mutated in cancers with defects in mismatch repair that can result in microsatellite instability (MSI). For this, the current study studied 124 CRCs and 79 GCs for mutation and expression analyses. For mutations in the T9, CRCs (16.4%) and GCs (8.8%) with high MSI (MSI-H), but not microsatellite stable/low MSI (MSS/MSI-L), exhibited frameshift mutations. Also, the ZMPSTE24 mutations showed intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in 4 of 16 CRC cases. Downregulation of ZMPSTE24 protein expression was found in 16.9% of CRCs and 8.9% of GCs by immunohistochemistry. Our study found frameshift mutation and its ITH in ZMPSTE24 gene as well as downregulation of ZMPSTE24 expression. Based on these observations, the present study suggests that inhibition of ZMPSTE24 by both mutational and expressional pathways might together play a role in tumorigenesis of CRC and GC harboring MSI-H phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwa Lee
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeok An
- General Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Machowska M, Piekarowicz K, Rzepecki R. Regulation of lamin properties and functions: does phosphorylation do it all? Open Biol 2016; 5:rsob.150094. [PMID: 26581574 PMCID: PMC4680568 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main functions of lamins are their mechanical and structural roles as major building blocks of the karyoskeleton. They are also involved in chromatin structure regulation, gene expression, intracellular signalling pathway modulation and development. All essential lamin functions seem to depend on their capacity for assembly or disassembly after the receipt of specific signals, and after specific, selective and precisely regulated interactions through their various domains. Reversible phosphorylation of lamins is crucial for their functions, so it is important to understand how lamin polymerization and interactions are modulated, and which sequences may undergo such modifications. This review combines experimental data with results of our in silico analyses focused on lamin phosphorylation in model organisms to show the presence of evolutionarily conserved sequences and to indicate specific in vivo phosphorylations that affect particular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Machowska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piekarowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Ryszard Rzepecki
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
All-trans retinoic acid and rapamycin normalize Hutchinson Gilford progeria fibroblast phenotype. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29914-28. [PMID: 26359359 PMCID: PMC4745772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome is a fatal disorder characterized by accelerated aging, bone resorption and atherosclerosis, caused by a LMNA mutation which produces progerin, a mutant lamin A precursor. Progeria cells display progerin and prelamin A nuclear accumulation, altered histone methylation pattern, heterochromatin loss, increased DNA damage and cell cycle alterations. Since the LMNA promoter contains a retinoic acid responsive element, we investigated if all-trans retinoic acid administration could lower progerin levels in cultured fibroblasts. We also evaluated the effect of associating rapamycin, which induces autophagic degradation of progerin and prelamin A. We demonstrate that all-trans retinoic acid acts synergistically with low-dosage rapamycin reducing progerin and prelamin A, via transcriptional downregulation associated with protein degradation, and increasing the lamin A to progerin ratio. These effects rescue cell dynamics and cellular proliferation through recovery of DNA damage response factor PARP1 and chromatin-associated nuclear envelope proteins LAP2α and BAF. The combined all-trans retinoic acid-rapamycin treatment is dramatically efficient, highly reproducible, represents a promising new approach in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria therapy and deserves investigation in ageing-associated disorders.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable outcome of life, characterized by progressive decline in tissue and organ function and increased risk of mortality. Accumulating evidence links aging to genetic and epigenetic alterations. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic mechanisms, these pathways provide promising avenues for therapeutics against age-related decline and disease. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic studies from invertebrate organisms, vertebrate models, tissues, and in vitro systems. We establish links between common operative aging pathways and hallmark chromatin signatures that can be used to identify "druggable" targets to counter human aging and age-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sen
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19130, USA
| | - Parisha P Shah
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19130, USA
| | - Raffaella Nativio
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19130, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Malkawi A, Pirianov G, Torsney E, Chetter I, Sakalihasan N, Loftus IM, Nordon I, Huggins C, Charolidi N, Thompson M, Xu XY, Cockerill GW. Increased Expression of Lamin A/C Correlate with Regions of High Wall Stress in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2016; 3:152-66. [PMID: 27175366 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2015.14.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since aortic diameter is the most -significant risk factor for rupture, we sought to identify stress-dependent changes in gene expression to illuminate novel molecular processes in aneurysm rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed finite element maps of abdominal computerized tomography scans (CTs) of seven abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients to map wall stress. Paired biopsies from high- and low-stress areas were collected at surgery using vascular landmarks as coordinates. Differential gene expression was evaluated by Illumina Array analysis, using the whole genome DNA-mediated, annealing, selection, extension, and ligation (DASL) gene chip (n = 3 paired samples). RESULTS The sole significant candidate from this analysis, Lamin A/C, was validated at the protein level, using western blotting. Lamin A/C expression in the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) of AAA patients was compared to a control group and in aortic smooth muscle cells in culture in response to physiological pulsatile stretch. -Areas of high wall stress (n = 7) correlate to those -regions which have the thinnest walls [778 µm (585-1120 µm)] in comparison to areas of lowest wall stress [1620 µm (962-2919 µm)]. Induced expression of Lamin A/C -correlated with areas of high wall stress from AAAs but was not significantly induced in the IMV from AAA patients compared to controls (n = 16). Stress-induced expression of Lamin A/C was mimicked by exposing aortic smooth muscle cells to prolonged pulsatile stretch. CONCLUSION Lamin A/C protein is specifically increased in areas of high wall stress in AAA from patients, but is not increased on other vascular beds of aneurysm patients, suggesting that its elevation may be a compensatory response to the pathobiology leading to aneurysms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Malkawi
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grisha Pirianov
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelyn Torsney
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Chetter
- Centre for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, York Hull Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ian M Loftus
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Nordon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher Huggins
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicoletta Charolidi
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matt Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xie Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gillian W Cockerill
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hildebrandt ER, Arachea BT, Wiener MC, Schmidt WK. Ste24p Mediates Proteolysis of Both Isoprenylated and Non-prenylated Oligopeptides. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14185-14198. [PMID: 27129777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rce1p and Ste24p are integral membrane proteins involved in the proteolytic maturation of isoprenylated proteins. Extensive published evidence indicates that Rce1p requires the isoprenyl moiety as an important substrate determinant. By contrast, we report that Ste24p can cleave both isoprenylated and non-prenylated substrates in vitro, indicating that the isoprenyl moiety is not required for substrate recognition. Steady-state enzyme kinetics are significantly different for prenylated versus non-prenylated substrates, strongly suggestive of a role for substrate-membrane interaction in protease function. Mass spectroscopy analyses identify a cleavage preference at bonds where P1' is aliphatic in both isoprenylated and non-prenylated substrates, although this is not necessarily predictive. The identified cleavage sites are not at a fixed distance position relative to the C terminus. In this study, the substrates cleaved by Ste24p are based on known isoprenylated proteins (i.e. K-Ras4b and the yeast a-factor mating pheromone) and non-prenylated biological peptides (Aβ and insulin chains) that are known substrates of the M16A family of soluble zinc-dependent metalloproteases. These results establish that the substrate profile of Ste24p is broader than anticipated, being more similar to that of the M16A protease family than that of the Rce1p CAAX protease with which it has been functionally associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hildebrandt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Buenafe T Arachea
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Michael C Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Walter K Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tran JR, Chen H, Zheng X, Zheng Y. Lamin in inflammation and aging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 40:124-130. [PMID: 27023494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue function and an increased susceptibility to injury and disease. Many age-associated pathologies manifest an inflammatory component, and this has led to the speculation that aging is at least in part caused by some form of inflammation. However, whether or not inflammation is truly a cause of aging, or is a consequence of the aging process is unknown. Recent work using Drosophila has uncovered a mechanism where the progressive loss of lamin-B in the fat body upon aging triggers systemic inflammation. This inflammatory response perturbs the local immune response of the neighboring gut tissue and leads to hyperplasia. Here, we will discuss the literature connecting lamins to aging and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Tran
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The intermediate filament proteins, A- and B-type lamins, form the nuclear lamina scaffold adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. Lamins also contribute to chromatin regulation and various signaling pathways affecting gene expression. In this review, Osmanagic-Myers et al. focus on the role of nuclear lamins in mechanosensing and also discuss how disease-linked lamin mutants may impair the response of cells to mechanical stimuli and influence the properties of the extracellular matrix. The intermediate filament proteins, A- and B-type lamins, form the nuclear lamina scaffold adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. B-type lamins confer elasticity, while A-type lamins lend viscosity and stiffness to nuclei. Lamins also contribute to chromatin regulation and various signaling pathways affecting gene expression. The mechanical roles of lamins and their functions in gene regulation are often viewed as independent activities, but recent findings suggest a highly cross-linked and interdependent regulation of these different functions, particularly in mechanosignaling. In this newly emerging concept, lamins act as a “mechanostat” that senses forces from outside and responds to tension by reinforcing the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. A-type lamins, emerin, and the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex directly transmit forces from the extracellular matrix into the nucleus. These mechanical forces lead to changes in the molecular structure, modification, and assembly state of A-type lamins. This in turn activates a tension-induced “inside-out signaling” through which the nucleus feeds back to the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix to balance outside and inside forces. These functions regulate differentiation and may be impaired in lamin-linked diseases, leading to cellular phenotypes, particularly in mechanical load-bearing tissues.
Collapse
|
37
|
Davies BSJ, Coffinier C, Yang SH, Barnes RH, Jung HJ, Young SG, Fong LG. Investigating the purpose of prelamin A processing. Nucleus 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/nucl.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
38
|
Kiel T, Busch A, Meyer-Rachner A, Hübner S. Laminopathy-inducing mutations reduce nuclear import of expressed prelamin A. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:271-80. [PMID: 24943589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lamins are structural components of the nuclear lamina and integral parts of the nucleoplasm. The tripartite domain structure partitions the molecule into an amino-terminal head, central rod and a carboxy-terminal tail domain. The tail domain contains a nuclear localization sequence and in most lamins an additional CaaX motif, which is necessary to post-translationally process prelamin to mature lamin. As players of nuclear and cellular integrity, lamins must possess unrestrained access to the nucleus. To study whether nuclear trafficking of lamins is compromised in laminopathies, we determined relative nuclear import activities between expressed prelamin A and selected laminopathy-inducing mutants thereof. Furthermore, the impact of inhibition of maturation on nuclear import of expressed prelamin A was examined. To perform quantitative transport measurements, import competent but lamina incorporation-deficient GFP- or DsRed-tagged prelamin A deletion mutants were used, which lacked the head and rod domain (ΔHR-prelamin A). Nuclear accumulation of ΔHR-prelamin A carrying the lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome-inducing mutations R419C and L421P or progeria-causing deletions was significantly reduced, but that of the maturation-deficient mutant ΔHR-prelamin A SSIM was significantly increased. In the case of the full length prelamin A mutants R419C and L421P altered subcellular localization and reduced lamina incorporation were detected, with the prelamin A-binding protein Narf being redistributed into R419-containing aggregates. The results suggest that impaired nuclear transport of certain prelamin A mutants may represent a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of certain laminopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kiel
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Busch
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Rachner
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Hübner
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Much of the work on nuclear lamins during the past 15 years has focused on mutations in LMNA (the gene for prelamin A and lamin C) that cause particular muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, partial lipodystrophy, and progeroid syndromes. These disorders, often called "laminopathies," mainly affect mesenchymal tissues (e.g., striated muscle, bone, and fibrous tissue). Recently, however, a series of papers have identified important roles for nuclear lamins in the central nervous system. Studies of knockout mice uncovered a key role for B-type lamins (lamins B1 and B2) in neuronal migration in the developing brain. Also, duplications of LMNB1 (the gene for lamin B1) have been shown to cause autosome-dominant leukodystrophy. Finally, recent studies have uncovered a peculiar pattern of nuclear lamin expression in the brain. Lamin C transcripts are present at high levels in the brain, but prelamin A expression levels are very low-due to regulation of prelamin A transcripts by microRNA 9. This form of prelamin A regulation likely explains why "prelamin A diseases" such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome spare the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize recent progress in elucidating links between nuclear lamins and neurobiology.
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo Y, Kim Y, Shimi T, Goldman RD, Zheng Y. Concentration-dependent lamin assembly and its roles in the localization of other nuclear proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1287-97. [PMID: 24523288 PMCID: PMC3982994 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina (NL) consists of lamin polymers and proteins that bind to the polymers. Disruption of NL proteins such as lamin and emerin leads to developmental defects and human diseases. However, the expression of multiple lamins, including lamin-A/C, lamin-B1, and lamin-B2, in mammals has made it difficult to study the assembly and function of the NL. Consequently, it has been unclear whether different lamins depend on one another for proper NL assembly and which NL functions are shared by all lamins or are specific to one lamin. Using mouse cells deleted of all or different combinations of lamins, we demonstrate that the assembly of each lamin into the NL depends primarily on the lamin concentration present in the nucleus. When expressed at sufficiently high levels, each lamin alone can assemble into an evenly organized NL, which is in turn sufficient to ensure the even distribution of the nuclear pore complexes. By contrast, only lamin-A can ensure the localization of emerin within the NL. Thus, when investigating the role of the NL in development and disease, it is critical to determine the protein levels of relevant lamins and the intricate shared or specific lamin functions in the tissue of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Youngjo Kim
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dittmer TA, Sahni N, Kubben N, Hill DE, Vidal M, Burgess RC, Roukos V, Misteli T. Systematic identification of pathological lamin A interactors. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1493-510. [PMID: 24623722 PMCID: PMC4004598 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a collection of phenotypically diverse diseases that include muscular dystrophies, cardiomyopathies, lipodystrophies, and premature aging syndromes. Laminopathies are caused by >300 distinct mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamin A and C, two major architectural elements of the mammalian cell nucleus. The genotype-phenotype relationship and the basis for the pronounced tissue specificity of laminopathies are poorly understood. Here we seek to identify on a global scale lamin A-binding partners whose interaction is affected by disease-relevant LMNA mutations. In a screen of a human genome-wide ORFeome library, we identified and validated 337 lamin A-binding proteins. Testing them against 89 known lamin A disease mutations identified 50 disease-associated interactors. Association of progerin, the lamin A isoform responsible for the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, with its partners was largely mediated by farnesylation. Mapping of the interaction sites on lamin A identified the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-like domain as an interaction hotspot and demonstrated that lamin A variants, which destabilize the Ig-like domain, affect protein-protein interactions more globally than mutations of surface residues. Analysis of a set of LMNA mutations in a single residue, which result in three phenotypically distinct diseases, identified disease-specific interactors. The results represent a systematic map of disease-relevant lamin A interactors and suggest loss of tissue-specific lamin A interactions as a mechanism for the tissue-specific appearance of laminopathic phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Dittmer
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The spatial and temporal organization of the genome has emerged as an additional level of regulation of nuclear functions. Structural proteins associated with the nuclear envelope play important roles in the organization of the genome. The nuclear lamina, a polymeric meshwork formed by lamins (A- and B-type) and lamin-associated proteins, is viewed as a scaffold for tethering chromatin and protein complexes regulating a variety of nuclear functions. Alterations in lamins function impact DNA transactions such as transcription, replication, and repair, as well as epigenetic modifications that change chromatin structure. These data, and the association of defective lamins with a whole variety of degenerative disorders, premature aging syndromes, and cancer, provide evidence for these proteins operating as caretakers of the genome. In this chapter, we summarize current knowledge about the function of lamins in the maintenance of genome integrity, with special emphasis on the role of A-type lamins in the maintenance of telomere homeostasis and mechanisms of DNA damage repair. These findings have begun to shed some light onto molecular mechanisms by which alterations in A-type lamins induce genomic instability and contribute to the pathophysiology of aging and aging-related diseases, especially cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Gonzalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S Grand Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the function of the cell's nucleus has primarily been considered to be the repository for the organism's genome. However, this rather simplistic view is undergoing a major shift, as it is increasingly apparent that the nucleus has functions extending beyond being a mere genome container. Recent findings have revealed that the structural composition of the nucleus changes during development and that many of these components exhibit cell- and tissue-specific differences. Increasing evidence is pointing to the nucleus being integral to the function of the interphase cytoskeleton, with changes to nuclear structural proteins having ramifications affecting cytoskeletal organization and the cell's interactions with the extracellular environment. Many of these functions originate at the nuclear periphery, comprising the nuclear envelope (NE) and underlying lamina. Together, they may act as a "hub" in integrating cellular functions including chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, mechanosignaling, cytoskeletal organization, and signaling pathways. Interest in such an integral role has been largely stimulated by the discovery that many diseases and anomalies are caused by defects in proteins of the NE/lamina, the nuclear envelopathies, many of which, though rare, are providing insights into their more common variants that are some of the major issues of the twenty-first century public health. Here, we review the contributions that mouse mutants have made to our current understanding of the NE/lamina, their respective roles in disease and the use of mice in developing potential therapies for treating the diseases.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu KR, Lee S, Jung JW, Hong IS, Kim HS, Seo Y, Shin TH, Kang KS. MicroRNA-141-3p plays a role in human mesenchymal stem cell aging by directly targeting ZMPSTE24. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5422-31. [PMID: 24101728 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aging may lead to a reduced tissue regeneration capacity and a decline in physiological functions. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling hMSC aging in the context of prelamin A accumulation are not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the accumulation of prelamin A in the nuclear envelope results in cellular senescence and potential downstream regulatory mechanisms responsible for prelamin A accumulation in hMSCs. We show for the first time that ZMPSTE24, which is involved in the post-translational maturation of lamin A, is largely responsible for the prelamin A accumulation related to cellular senescence in hMSCs. Direct binding of miR-141-3p to the 3'UTR of ZMPSTE24 transcripts was confirmed using a 3'UTR-luciferase reporter assay. We also found that miR-141-3p, which is overexpressed during senescence as a result of epigenetic regulation, is able to decrease ZMPSTE24 expression levels, and leads to an upregulation of prelamin A in hMSCs. This study provides new insights into mechanisms regulating MSC aging and may have implications for therapeutic application to reduce age-associated MSC pool exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Rok Yu
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu KR, Kang KS. Aging-related genes in mesenchymal stem cells: a mini-review. Gerontology 2013; 59:557-63. [PMID: 23970150 DOI: 10.1159/000353857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells in mammalian organs play pivotal roles in the maintenance and repair of these organs throughout the life of the adult and maintain the proper homeostasis of a tissue or organ. Among the adult stem cells described to date, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highlighted for clinical applications because MSCs have many advantages for cell therapy, including multilineage differentiation, homing, immune modulation and wound-healing effects. However, as the aging of MSCs leads to an age-associated decline in their number and function, it is important to clarify the age-associated factors and regulatory mechanism associated with the MSC aging process. In this review, we amass and discuss the recent data related to age-associated genes in MSCs. In particular, the activities of epigenetic regulatory factors, including histone acetylase and DNA methyltransferase, modulate gene expression and crosstalk with each other during the MSC senescence process. p16(INK4A) and high-mobility group A2 play important age-associated roles in the regulation of MSC stemness, and lamin A- and prelamin A-dependent nuclear abnormalities have significant biological relevance in MSC aging. Taken together, the information described here, including the epigenetic regulatory factors, transcription factors and cell signaling, could be used toward the development of treatments for MSC aging and related defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Rok Yu
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jung HJ, Nobumori C, Goulbourne CN, Tu Y, Lee JM, Tatar A, Wu D, Yoshinaga Y, de Jong PJ, Coffinier C, Fong LG, Young SG. Farnesylation of lamin B1 is important for retention of nuclear chromatin during neuronal migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E1923-32. [PMID: 23650370 PMCID: PMC3666708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303916110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of protein farnesylation in lamin A biogenesis and the pathogenesis of progeria has been studied in considerable detail, but the importance of farnesylation for the B-type lamins, lamin B1 and lamin B2, has received little attention. Lamins B1 and B2 are expressed in nearly every cell type from the earliest stages of development, and they have been implicated in a variety of functions within the cell nucleus. To assess the importance of protein farnesylation for B-type lamins, we created knock-in mice expressing nonfarnesylated versions of lamin B1 and lamin B2. Mice expressing nonfarnesylated lamin B2 developed normally and were free of disease. In contrast, mice expressing nonfarnesylated lamin B1 died soon after birth, with severe neurodevelopmental defects and striking nuclear abnormalities in neurons. The nuclear lamina in migrating neurons was pulled away from the chromatin so that the chromatin was left "naked" (free from the nuclear lamina). Thus, farnesylation of lamin B1--but not lamin B2--is crucial for brain development and for retaining chromatin within the bounds of the nuclear lamina during neuronal migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | | | | | | | - Stephen G. Young
- Molecular Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bertacchini J, Beretti F, Cenni V, Guida M, Gibellini F, Mediani L, Marin O, Maraldi NM, de Pol A, Lattanzi G, Cocco L, Marmiroli S. The protein kinase Akt/PKB regulates both prelamin A degradation and Lmna gene expression. FASEB J 2013; 27:2145-55. [PMID: 23430973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-218214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB is a major signaling hub integrating metabolic, survival, growth, and cell cycle regulatory signals. The definition of the phospho-motif cipher driving phosphorylation by Akt led to the identification of hundreds of putative substrates, and it is therefore pivotal to identify those whose phosphorylation by Akt is of consequence to biological processes. The Lmna gene products lamin A/C and the lamin A precursor prelamin A are type V intermediate filament proteins forming a filamentous meshwork, the lamina, underneath the inner nuclear membrane, for nuclear envelope structures organization and interphase chromatin anchoring. In our previous work, we reported that A-type lamins are phosphorylated by Akt at S301 and S404 in physiological conditions and are therefore bona fide substrates of Akt. We report here that Akt phosphorylation at S404 targets the precursor prelamin A for degradation. We further demonstrate that Akt also regulates Lmna transcription. Our study unveils a previously unknown function of Akt in the control of prelamin A stability and expression. Moreover, given the large number of diseases related to prelamin A, our findings represent a further important step bridging basic A-type lamin physiology to therapeutic approaches for lamin A-linked disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Bertacchini
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Biogenesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone a-factor, from yeast mating to human disease. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 76:626-51. [PMID: 22933563 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00010-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mating pheromone a-factor secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a farnesylated and carboxylmethylated peptide and is unusually hydrophobic compared to other extracellular signaling molecules. Mature a-factor is derived from a precursor with a C-terminal CAAX motif that directs a series of posttranslational reactions, including prenylation, endoproteolysis, and carboxylmethylation. Historically, a-factor has served as a valuable model for the discovery and functional analysis of CAAX-processing enzymes. In this review, we discuss the three modules comprising the a-factor biogenesis pathway: (i) the C-terminal CAAX-processing steps carried out by Ram1/Ram2, Ste24 or Rce1, and Ste14; (ii) two sequential N-terminal cleavage steps, mediated by Ste24 and Axl1; and (iii) export by a nonclassical mechanism, mediated by the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter Ste6. The small size and hydrophobicity of a-factor present both challenges and advantages for biochemical analysis, as discussed here. The enzymes involved in a-factor biogenesis are conserved from yeasts to mammals. Notably, studies of the zinc metalloprotease Ste24 in S. cerevisiae led to the discovery of its mammalian homolog ZMPSTE24, which cleaves the prenylated C-terminal tail of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. Mutations that alter ZMPSTE24 processing of lamin A in humans cause the premature-aging disease progeria and related progeroid disorders. Intriguingly, recent evidence suggests that the entire a-factor pathway, including all three biogenesis modules, may be used to produce a prenylated, secreted signaling molecule involved in germ cell migration in Drosophila. Thus, additional prenylated signaling molecules resembling a-factor, with as-yet-unknown roles in metazoan biology, may await discovery.
Collapse
|
49
|
Perrin S, Cremer J, Faucher O, Reynes J, Dellamonica P, Micallef J, Solas C, Lacarelle B, Stretti C, Kaspi E, Robaglia-Schlupp A, Tamalet CNBC, Lévy N, Poizot-Martin I, Cau P, Roll P. HIV protease inhibitors do not cause the accumulation of prelamin A in PBMCs from patients receiving first line therapy: the ANRS EP45 "aging" study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53035. [PMID: 23285253 PMCID: PMC3532351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ANRS EP45 "Aging" study investigates the cellular mechanisms involved in the accelerated aging of HIV-1 infected and treated patients. The present report focuses on lamin A processing, a pathway known to be altered in systemic genetic progeroid syndromes. METHODS 35 HIV-1 infected patients being treated with first line antiretroviral therapy (ART, mean duration at inclusion: 2.7±1.3 years) containing boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) (comprising lopinavir/ritonavir in 65% of patients) were recruited together with 49 seronegative age- and sex-matched control subjects (http://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT01038999). In more than 88% of patients, the viral load was <40 copies/ml and the CD4+ cell count was >500/mm³. Prelamin A processing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients and controls was analysed by western blotting at inclusion. PBMCs from patients were also investigated at 12 and 24 months after enrolment in the study. PBMCs from healthy controls were also incubated with boosted lopinavir in culture medium containing various concentrations of proteins (4 to 80 g/L). RESULTS Lamin A precursor was not observed in cohort patient PBMC regardless of the PI/r used, the dose and the plasma concentration. Prelamin A was detected in PBMC incubated in culture medium containing a low protein concentration (4 g/L) but not in plasma (60-80 g/L) or in medium supplemented with BSA (40 g/L), both of which contain a high protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS Prelamin A processing abnormalities were not observed in PBMCs from patients under the PI/r first line regimen. Therefore, PI/r do not appear to contribute to lamin A-related aging in PBMCs. In cultured PBMCs from healthy donors, prelamin A processing abnormalities were only observed when the protein concentration in the culture medium was low, thus increasing the amount of PI available to enter cells. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01038999 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01038999.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Perrin
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Olivia Faucher
- Service d’Immuno-Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte Marguerite Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Reynes
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire (CHRU) Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Dellamonica
- Service d’Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) L’Archet 1, Sophia-Antipolis Université, Nice, France
| | - Joëlle Micallef
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique - Unité de Pharmacologie Clinique et d’Evaluations Thérapeutiques (CIC-UPCET), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Solas
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et de Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
- Inserm UMR_S 911, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Lacarelle
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et de Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
- Inserm UMR_S 911, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Stretti
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Elise Kaspi
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Andrée Robaglia-Schlupp
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | | | - Nicolas Lévy
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Génetique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire (CHRU) Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Cau
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Roll
- Inserm UMR_S 910, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Timone Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|